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THE OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL. PORTLAND, SUNDAY. MORNING, FEBRUARY 21. 1915.
0
WAR'S MEANING TO WOMEN OF FRANCE
FRENCH RECRUITS SEE BATTLEFIELDS
NEWS FROM FOREIGN CAPITALS
ITALY AND THE POPE IN AGREEMENT
KIPLING "STUPEFIED" BY GERMANS
WHAT WAR MEANS TO
WOMEN TOLD BY MAN
WHO HAS SEN THEM
'Henry VTood, United Press
Staff Correspondent, Visits
Typical French Fireside.
WIDOWS LIVING ON HOPE
Look Into the Future, Wot Knowing
What Hu or What Will
Happen.
By Henry Wood.
Paris, Feb. 6. (By mail to New
YbrU). I have Just visited a French
home, a French fireside as It were. I
those It at random, and It happened to
be an apartment at No. 54 Rue Pierre
Charron, in the well-to-do quarter
Just off the Avenue des Champs Ely
rees. I wanted to know what the war
meant to a French home, to those who
wait behind. And I found out.
At - this particular home, several
women have gathered about the fire
side wince the war began. Ties of
common loss, of common need, of com
mon wailing now bind them closely
together.
One of them is a young French
woman of 25. Jier husband joined the
colors at the very first call. He fell in
battle September! 9. Her three-year-old
daughter doesn't know yet that
her father is dead.
..Widows Idvlng on Hop.
They have no Immediate means of
support, but they have two hopes. The
government has promised that event
ually all shall have pensions. When
the war is over and the tourists begin
returning to Paris, the young widow
thinks siie can also teach French, as
she knows Knglish- It Is rnerely in
the meantime that the situation is dif
ficult. She is confident If she can
tide-It over that she will win out.
A second woman about this fireside
Is English. Her husband was a French
officer and promptly answered the
call to arms. That he is dead there
can be no reasonable doubt. She has
not heard from him for three months,
but the few surviving men of his com
pany got together and wrote to her
telling how bravely he fell.
Still, the little brass tag which he
weer about his neck, and which bore
the number that would establish his
. Jndentitjv has never been turned in to
the government. Without that. It Is
Impossible for the government offi
cially to Inform her that he is dead.
Until he Is officially declared dead
she has the right to hope he may stJU
be alive.
Seldom Speaks aad Hever Smiles.
She is still young but within the
past few weeks her hair in front has
begun to turn array, then white; She
seldom speaks and she never smiles:
She merely lives in the hope they will
find it- the little brass tag and In
. the hope that they won't.
A "third woman of the little family
circle is French, but her husband Is
a major in the United States army.
"When the war broke out they were
visiting her girlhood home In a little
' town east of Verdun. One day the
town filled with French soldiers and
German aeroplanes . began flying over
It. But as there were no newspapers
no one dreamed that It meant waror
, even that the aeroplanes might drop
bombs. All of the villagers merely
watched them curiously.
Then suddenly, her husband, as an
American army officer, was ordered
by the French to leave at once. He did
so, sending a note to his wife to fol
low. As yet no one knew that It was
war. She feared however, that the
presence of so many French soldiers
might shorten the food supply, so she
tocked her mother's cottage fully and
left.. r
Tate of Mother Unknown.
The next day the French evacuated
the town and the fate of her mother
. she has never since been able to as
certain. Through the combined ef
forts of .the French government and
the American embassies, both at Paris
and Berlin, the did get a little infor
mation. When the French evacuated the
town, the aged mother refused to flee.
She had been there during the war of
1870 and she could imagine nothing
now that might be worse. The two last
French soldiers to leave the town
picked her up and carried her across
the river. The bridge had already been
blown up by the retreating French.
On the opposite bank they Bat her
down, and no trace of her has ever
since been found.
These women told me their stories
quite simply, not to enlist my sym
pathy but to let me know what the
war really means to -France. They
told me quite frankly that their stor
ies were the stories of 3,000,000 other
women In France today.
The Allies May Pool
Their War Finances
British, Russian and French Ministers
Beach Agreement in Paris on Plan
-t or Raising Money.
Paris. Feb. 20;--The following offi
cial statement has been Issued here
"The finance ministers of Great
Britain, France and Russia have met
In Paris to examine Into financial ques
tions growing out of the war. It is
stated that the three powers resolved
to unite their financial as well as their
military resources to carry on the war
to victory.
"With that Idea they decided to pro
pose to their respective governments
that 'they share equally In the ad
vances nlade or to be made to the
countries which are now fighting -with
them, or which might be disposed to
take the field shortly for the common
cause.
A dispatch from Paris January 22
said: that David Lloyd-George, chan
cellor of the British exchequer, and
Alexandre Rlbot and P. Bark, respec
tively the French and Russian minis
ters of finance, were preparing for a
meeting In the French capital to con
aider a Joint loan of 15,000,000,000
francs 3,000,000,000.
Greece ' Preparing to Mobilize.
Iondon. Feb. 20. A wireless dis
patch " from Berlin says the Berliner
TageblaJt reports from Constantinople
that Greece- is industriously making
mobilization preparations and continu
ing the fortification of her frontiers.
Fish Food Is Urged
Upon Dutch People
Government Opens Shops and Sells at
Cost Price, Also Using- Itinerant
Venders in Amsterdam.
Amsterdam, Feb. Z J. To indulge the
people to make a more general use of
fish food, the Dutch government has
opened 40 shops in the densely popu
lated quarters of the city, where fried
fish is sold at cost price. The shops
are affiliated with the government
central bureau for the sale of fishery
products. The authorities also send
itinerant venders of uncooked fish
through the streets of Amsterdam to
sell their wares. The government ven
ders are distinguishable by an orange
band around the arm and their open
handcarts bear a painted orange board
on which In black letters are the name
of the bureau and the price of the fish.
People in Termonde, Belgium, anx
ious to save their children from star
vation, are begging the Leyden Roman
Catholic relief committee for the hous
ing of fugitive Belgians to have the
little ones brought to the Dutch city
and cared for there. The conditions In
Termonde are said to be indescribable.
The kindly and wealthy Franz van
Schoor has taken all the children of
Termonde and the neighboring town,
St. Giles, under his protection until
they can be sent to Holland.
The Leyden organization Is prepar
ing to house the little refugees in pri
vate families and Catholic institutions.
Dr. E. Vervier.?, the secretary, who will
have charge of the children, will also
visit Louvain and surrounding places
where great distress prevails and many
little ones need succor. He says that
conditions in Belgium are getting
worse every day, and that Holland
must be prepared to support the suf
fering people of the Sister nation to
the utmoit of its powers.
Cholera Is Feared
In Western Europe
Medical Men Tear That Disease Will
Appear In Prance and Belgium When
Spring Thaws Come.
London. Feb. 2'fl. It is only a mat
ter of time, in the opinion of physi
cians who have visited thebattle front
in France and Belgium, when cholera
will make its appearance among the
armies in western Europe and per
haps across the channel into England.
The men fighting in the east, not
ably the Austrians, have suffered
from cholera more or less epidemic,
throughout the campaign, but so far
as is now known there have been no
cases in the west.
But with the coming of the spring
thaw in France and Belgium the
thousands of dead lying in shallow
graves will render a vast field of
operations highly unsanitary, menac
ing the health of those whose powers
of resistance have been broken down
or weakened by the strain of un
wholesome trench warfare.
Moreover the Germans have from
time to time shifted forces from east
to west, and vice versa. In view of
this it will be surprising if cholera
does not follow these shifts.
The Germans have been criticised
for burning their dead: but even Eng
lish physicians are now Inclined to
admit that this after all Is the most
humane method. In thaa body once
incinerated Is no longer a menace to
the living.
Presumably the French arid British
authorities are doing all In their
power to forestall a cholera epidemic;
but they have not inoculated the
troops as the Germans have done in
th east.
Canadian Troops
Die of Exposure
Climate of England Said to Be Fast
Killing Off the Men Sent Across the
Atlantic
London, Feb. 20. The Canadian
contingent training at Salisbury Plain
has suffered most severely as a result
of exposure and change of climate, and
the men, according to reports, are dy
ing at an alarming rate.
"Of 30.000 men," says the World, i
London weekly publication, "it Is said
that the Canadian contingent has lo.st
500. who have died in consequence of
their wicked exposure to the weather.
"A whole battalion ia suffering from
meningitis. Seventy per cent of the
horses have mud fever, and the artil
lery column, when ordered to go to
Lavington for maneuver exercises, had
to send word that they had no horses
for the ammunition wagons.
"The Canadian commanding officer
wanted the men billeted long before
the sickness became rampant, and the
villages around were delighted to housy
them and their horses. The war office
approved, and then a member of the
government stopped it"
Bread in England
Is Up 50 Per Cent
President of Master Bakers' Protective
Society Fats Blame on Wheat Gam
bling and Freight Bates.
London, Feb. 20. While English
newspapers continue to print articles
tending to show that Germany is suf
fering from food shortage, the abrupt
Increase In food prices in Great Bri
tain grows more serious, and the labor
element threatens to bring the matter
before Parliament.
Bread has increased 50 per cent in
price to the consumer. J. C. M. Kers
lake, president of the Master Bakers'
Protective society, places the respon
sibility primarily at the door of spec
ulators. "Wheat gambling and in
creased freight rates, ' he says, "are
the chief causes, although the in
creased cost of yeast, higher wages to I
bakery workers and the increased cost
of fodder have been contributing fac
tors." When asked about increased freight
charges, ship owners say: "The sup
ply of ships is not equal to the de
mand."' Longer and less direct voy
ages made necessary by the war have
bad a marked effect on freight rates.
FRENCH HELPED AT SUEZ
Paris, Feb. 30. The ministry of ma
rine has Issued the following state
ment: "The French warships Requin
and D'Entrecasteaux contributed effec
tively to the defense of the Suez canal
against the attacks by the Turkish
army on February 3. The Requin si
lenced the enemy's heavy artillery, anl
D'Entrecasteaux scattered large bodies
of the attacking troops. There was no
loss on either ship." .
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I'lictograpbi Copyright, 1015, by Tbe Interuntioual Newt Serrtoe.
Top The British flagship Lion racing into action against the German fleet in the North Sea January 24, in which the German battle cruiser Bleucher was sunk
with the loss of 762 lives. This photograph of the Lion, which carried Admiral Beatty, fleet commander, was taken from the deck of another British war vessel.
Botton The significance of Admiral Beatty's restrained phrase "The Bleucher was now in a critical condition," is vividly illustrated by this remarkable photograph
taken from the deck of a British' warship during the sea fight. A British destroyer is seen hovering round the Btricken German cruiser, battered out of all sem
blance to an efficient fighting unit, and with flames pouring up from amidships, shortly before she keeled over and plunged beneath, the waves.
RECRUITS ARE TAKEN
WHERE THEY CAN SEE
ACTUAL BATTLEFIELD
French Soldiers Trained With
a Thoroughness Not Pos
sible irv Times of Peace.
(By the International Itews Serrlce.)
Paris, Feb. 20.r-The recruits of the
1915 and 1916 classes have been trained
with a thoroughness not possible in
time of peace, because they could be
shown actual battlefields. In order to
fit the men for service In the field,
they have been taken in detachments
to the front to observe the conditions
which prevail there!
They dtudy the trenches, and are
given practice in being transported
from point to point as they will be In
actual warfare.
Belonged to Military Societies.
The men of the 1915 and 1916 drafts
in the department of the Seins be
longed mostly to 367 military societies,
and through these General Gallienl
worked, because regular mobilization
had been disorganized. He ordered a
trial march, including a trip to the
field of battle north of the Meaux.
Here they made a study of French and
German trenches, and themselves dug
trenches with the most modern imple
ments. There were lfiOO young fellows in a
party I observed. They left for the
Meaux by military train from Paris in
the morning and returned from the
east the following day. The entrain
ing and transportation were strictly in
conformity with military regulations.
Upon their arrival at Meaux the men.
were divided Into five groups, and each
was guided by an officer of the gen
eral staff under General Chapel, com
mander of the district, for a visit to
the captured German trenches between
Varreddea and Gue-a Tresmes.
Becralts Visit Battlefields.
After a cold luncheon at Verreddes,
a column was formed for a visit to the. j
field of battle, and tbe men were told
by the officers of the recent successes
gained at this point by the French sol
diers. The return was made by way of Pan
chard, on the Meaux, where an en
campment was made. The following
morning the party left the Meaux and
made intrenchments "Under the direc
tion of active officers. This work
done, the 1600 young men, forming In
marching columns, returned to Paris.
Perfect discipline was maintained
throughout the whole march. This
was made easy because of the enthusi
asm of the boy soldiers. General Gal
lienl, who has since gone to Alsace,
was present in person to inspire his
men.
Ready to Fight for
Her Food Supplies
Swiss Minister to Italy Makes an Im
portant Statement Concerning sis
Country's Attitude Toward Heighbors
Geneva, Pa., Feb. 20. The new Swiss
minister to Italy, M. de Planta, has
made an important statement to the
Rome papers, in which he says Swit
zerland is ready to fight for her food
neutrality. M. de Planta said:
"Our national organization is essen
tially defensive, and the neutrality
which we have always observed can
not be broken, except In three cases:
(1) The violation of this neutrality by
a third party: (2) an attempt on our
territorial Integrity, and (2) a threat
to starve us .by preventing food from
crossing our frontiers."
This Is the first time a Swiss in his
official capacity has said that Swit
zerland would consider th-stoppage of
food supplies a casus belli.' Swiss pa
pers strongly uphold him. .
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Germany Is Buying
Gold in the Orient
Said to Be Getting Supply of the Con
traband Article in Siberia and Worth
em Manchuria
Petrograd, Feb. 20. In its desperate
endeavors to obtain a supply of gold,
the German empire is reported to be
buying contraband gold from eastern
Siberia, Sakhalin and the province of
Klrln, In northern Manchuria. There
is a powerful organization of gold
smugglers in those regions, and the
German agents are well supplied with
money. Up to December 1 It is said
that they had succeeded In sending
more than half a ton of gold to Ger
many. The agitation for the abolition of the
restriction against Jews is growing
throughout Russia. Until recently It
was confined chiefly to intellectual
circles and a few municipalities. Now
the zemstvo of Smolensk province has
adopted unanimously a resolution to be
sent to the Russian government and
the czar, urging the removal of the re
strictions on the ground that it is
shameful r Russia to oppress and
humiliate the Jews, who axe fighting
side by side, with the rest of the Rus
sian people against the enemy. There
is hope that other zemstvos will join
in the protest.
m i
King Gets Cigars
In $127.500 Box
England's Baler Presented With 850
"Smokes' in a Container Costing the
Czar a Small Fortune.
London, Feb. 20. The Russian min
ister of finance, M. Bark, in the course
of his visit to England, presented to
King George 250 cigars In a gold box
ordered in Paris a month ago at a cost
said to have been $127,500, presumably
a gift from the czar. The sides of the
box are half an inch thick and the top
and sides are ornamented With the
flags of England, Russia, France, Bel
gium and Serbia, worked in precious
stones.
When M. Bark gave the box to the
king, his majesty, after thanking the
Russian finance minister, turned to his
private secretary, Lord Stamfordham,
and said, with a smile: "How well the
Stars and Stripes would look among
these flags!"
Allies Planning to
Gain German Trade
English and French Will Send a Com
mercial Expedition to South Amer
ican Countries ia April.
London, Feb. 20. Aggressive steps
toward capturing German trade will be
made early in April, when 150 leaders
of industry in England and France will
proceed on a commercial mission to
South America, taking with them large
numbers of samples.
A French vessel has been chartered
to sail from Southampton, and tbe trip
will last 90 days. One of the party
said: "It is no good going out and
telling people we can give them as
good articles as those made by the
Germans; we want to show them the
goods. Chambers of commerce and
municipalities In South America will be
interviewed. We have had applications
from all sorts of industries for repre
sentatives to be sent on this, voyage,
and even had an inquiry about starting
a new line of freight steamers.
"NEVER FORGET"" LEAGUE
London, Feb. 20. Ixmdon has organ
ized the "Never Forget league. Its
purpose is to aid soldiers and sailors
who find themselves out of employ
ment when the war is over. Thirty
thousand leaflets of the organization
have been distributed, and 15.000 per
sons already have promised to wear
the purple ribbon of the league, bind
ing themselves to support the men who
return from the front just as loyally
as they are supporting them now.
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SERVIA IS PREPARING
TO MEET THIRD ARMY
TO ATTEMPT INVASION
Troops Gathered to Fight to
Last Against 400,000
Men Massed on Border,
Nlsh, Servla, Feb. 20. Still bleeding
from their earlier wounds, the rem
nants of Servla's little war-wrecked
army are gathering for a heroic de
fense of their native soil.
Austro-German ' forces numbering
400,000 are massed on the northern
frontier, preparing for a third inva
sion of Servia. What is left of the
Servian armies is determined to die. If
necessary, to throw back the Invaders
and savo the nation from foreign dom
ination. M. Paghltch, prime minister of Ser
via, and minister of foreign affairs,
drew this picture today for the people
of America, in an exclusive Interview,
granted the United Press. He asked
no help from other nations, he said.
"If other nations offer help, we will
gratefully accept it." said the premier,
"but fighting as we are for our own
liberty, we feel entitled to the sym
pathy and moral support of all fair
minded, nations, such as I know Jhe
United States incontestably to be.
"Our entire male population, now
gathered together, will die to the last
man in preference to foreiprn domina
tion," continued M. Paghltch: "While
we are fighting primarily for our na
tional liberty. I am Justified In adding
that we are also playing Our role in the
struggle of other nations whose liberty
is imperiled In the present war.
"German domination an Austro
German victory would mean militar
ization of Europe for at least a cen
tury. We cannot think for one single
moment that the democratic American
people would sympathize with this ten
dency toward world domination. What
a return to barbarism this Teutonic
domination would be. one can gather
from the atrocities committed in Ser
via by the armies of Franz Josef.They
are without precedent, either In this
war or In the past."
Great Britain Won't
Outlaw the Airmen
Russia's Proposal to Treat as Pirates
Men Who rrop Bombs on Unfortified
Towns Xs jafiijected.
London, Feb. 20. The announcement
that Russia would treat as pirates the
men who shelled unfortified towns has
been received with great Interest In
England.
A prominent official, however, said
today that Russia's action would .prob
ably not be followed here. Ha pointed
out that aviators act under orders
from the military authorities, and it
would be difficult for a court to fix
the responsibility for the killing by a
bomb upon a certain individual. .
The official opinion in England fas
that a court would discharge sny cap
tured airman who came to trial under
the ordinary criminal procedure.
Declares Prisoners
Will Starve First
Germany's 600,000 War Captives, Says
the Cologne Gazette, Certain to Suf
fer IX Pood Buns Short.
Amsterdam, Feb. 20. Tn a copy of
the "Cologne Gazette, which has been
received here, is an article dealing with
Great Britain's plan to cut off food
supplies from Germany. He says:
"Prisoners of war must starve first.
We have 600,000 prisoners, and the
parts o? Belgium and France, we oc
cupy contain 11.000.009 people. If it
comes to starving, the subjects of hos
tile countries will suffer first,".-
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End of Portuguese
Republic Expected
Only the War, It Xs Declared, BLa.s
Bared Popular Government Up to
This Time.
Lisbon, Feb. 20. Nothing but the
European war has saved the republic
of Portugal, if it can be considered to
be saved.
The royalists, as well as the other
opponents of the democrats, who have
been in power since the revolution,
have held back owing to the European
situation, but, even so, political differ
ences during the last few weeks at
tained extreme bitterness.
The government, which has just re
signed, owed its existence to an in
trigue intended to secure the elections
for the democrats. Unfortunately for
the government, but foreunately for
the dignity of Portugal, the army
found Itself unable to support the in
terference of the denaoeyats in military
matters, and demanded the fall of the
government- ' -' v
This demand has now been obeyed,
the change of governments being none
theless due to a military coup d'etat
because a few officers were arrested
and a few days were allowed to inter
vene before the ministry resigned.
That the army thus asserted itself
cannot be a good omen for the future
f of the republic, since the army is
known to be not practically republican.
It is to be hoped, although experi
ence belles the hope, that a stable gov
ernment will now be formed, with
which the allies of Portugal may be
i able to co-operate satisfactorily. Oth
j erwlse one can only echo the last
words written by the editor, Nacjuo-.
before his newspaper was suppressed:
"God. have pity on this unfortunate
country!"
Young Duchess Is a
Volunteer Prisoner
Luxemburg's Ruler Receives XAlser
Coldly, and Refuses to Quit Palace to
Avoid Meeting Germans.
Geneva, Feb. 20. Since the viola
tion of Luxemburg by the Germans the
I gran a aucnese, who is young ana pret
ty, and has a will of her own, has re
fused to leave her palace, so as not to
meet German officers and men In the
f streets of her capital She has been
visited on several occasions by the
kaiser, whom she has received cour
teously, but coldly.
"On the kaiser's birthday," writes a
Swiss lady connected with the court,"
a large automobile drove up to the pal
ace early In the morning, and a high
officer. General C, explained to the
duchess that he had been sent by the
kaiser to ask her to visit him on bis
birthday.
"The duchess refused the royal com
mand, and when the surprised offioer
asked for verbatim message, the
duchess said she preferred to remain
with her people in her palace prison in
Luxemburg. At the same time she
sent kind wishes to the kaiser for his
birthday."
TURKEY MAY SEEK PEACE
Bucharest. Feb. 20. Abdul Harold,
tbe deposed sultan of Turkey, has been
consulted by the Young Turks regard
ing the situation. He advised the
Young Turks to conclude peace, espe
cially If the Franco-British fleet were
able to force the Dardanelles, which
the ex-sultan thought quite possible.
The Germans are suspicious of the
Turks, and fear that they may make
only feeble attempts to defend ths
Dardanelles, so as to have an excuse to
ask for peace.
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Turks Commaixlier Cats.
Cairo. Egypt, Feb. 20. The Turkish
authorities have Issued orders for the
commandeering of several hundred
cats in Syria. They are needed to pro
tect the vast stores of grain and pro
visions in the military depots from the
incursion of mice and rats.
In Denmark, Germany, Holland,
Sweden. Switzerland and the United
Kingdom, the percentage of 'illiteracy
is smaller than among the whites of
the United States.
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'NATION IN A FRENZY'
IS
Writes Friend That He Is
"Stupefied" by an "Incom
prehensible Civilization."
Parts, Feb. 10. The Temps erlnts
two letters from Rudyard Klppllng to
a Frencn friend. The first is dated Oc
tober 25, and the other January 1.
The first letter refers to the gratify
ing unity between the French and Eng
lish, and there Js an expression of con
fidence that the new English armies
are likely to prove better than the Ger
man, because, "In the burly-burly of a
war like this, even half-corrupt. In
competent democracies can do better
than a great, perfect machine, all of
whose details are minutely provided,
but which remains a machine."
A Ration In s Prensy.
Regarding German psychology, the
writer says:
"I am stupifled. I never could have
imagined a nation in a frenzy. It is a
race of women. To me theirs is an In
comprehensible civilization. I cannot
Imagine what tbe German Idea' is
driving ati unless it be a parade march
through a series of halls philosophical
ly constructed for purposes of self
adoration. "The Arabs used to offer the choice
between Islam and the saber. The
Germans have only the saber for their
whole philosophy. As you say, it Is
the problem of tha mad dog. I can
only foresee the animal's death, prob
ably from cerebral congestion."
Mr. Kipling refuses to accept the
prevailing British view that the war
will last three years, saying:
"I cannot believe it, because It would
mean more fire than fuel to supply it.
Besides, 1 ask how long the Germans
will resist when the struggle is on
their-territory? Their military opera
tions against' the civilian population
are simply so marked by strains of
sadism that I hardly see them resist
lng roughlsh treatment in their own
home. The style of their leading news
papers confirms this opinion. It is not
the way a great people express ideas."
Discusses th Censorship.
The second letter contains a curious
reference to the effect of the censor
ship. Mr. Kipling says:
"Remember that the press is a stim
ulant of which our two peoples have
contracted the habit. Therefore, when
the governments suppressed "news'
the effect was comparable- to the Rus
sian prohibition of' vodka. We miss a
sUmuda. We read Information in neu
tral newspapers as a drunkard under
treatment buys eau de cologne or spir
its of wine at a drug store. Naturally.
It doesn't suit us."
Mr. KipUng renews his assurance of
confidence as to the new English ar
mies. After complimenting the reelp
lent of the letter on the admirable be
havior of the French he refers to the
non-combatants, saying:
"We are now like ruflnere". between
two efforts. As we English say, 'We
are suffering from stitch',"
RUSSIAN GIRL A WARRIOR
Moscow, Ruesia (Via Petrograd and,
London, Feb. 20. Among the wound
ed who have arrived in Moscow from
the front is Olga Ktaeitnfkiof f. a girl
19 years old. She had enlisted under
a man s name and after taking part in
19 battles in Poland, was wounded fu
the foot. Then her deception was discovered-
iThe cross of St. . George,
fourth degree, has been awarded to
her- gW
New German War Ixnui.
Berlin, Feb. 20. According to the
Overseas News Agency, a second Ger
man war loan probably will be Issued
at the beginning of March and on fa.
vorable terms, as Aha condition of the
money mrket Is exceptionally good.
KIPLING'S
OPINION
REGARD
ING
GERMANS
SHOULD ITALY GO TO-
WAR CONFLICT WOULD
NVOLVE THE VATICAN
Government and the " Pope
Reach Agreement for Re
call of Papal Envoys. -
PRELATES TO BE NAMED
To Be Attached to the German sad
Austrian Missions While ths
War Lasts.
Rome, Feb. 20. The law of" guaran
tieswhich regulates Juridically the re
lations between the kingdom of Italy
and the Vatican, does not contemplate
the case of Italy being at war 'with, an-"
other nation. This law guarantees ths
Inviolability of the pope, tbe extrater-
rltorlallty of his residence and receg- '
nizes the pope's sovereign rights of
having foreign diplomatists accredited
to the holy see in Kotne, and of freely
corresponding by telegraph or letter
with blHhopH and foreign governments .
throughout the world.
Since the occupation of Rome in 1870 y '
the law of guaranties, although not Of
ficially accepted by four successive . '
popes, has been obwefved by the Italian
government, and the privileges accord
ed to the pontiff have never been vio- .
lated pr even, threatened. During this -period
Italy has never been at war
with any nation diplomatically repre-
sented at the Vatican.
War Would Involve Vatican. '
Supposing, however, that Italy de-
clared war on Germany and Austria
and joined the allies in the great war,
complications with the Vatican in con
nection with the presence In Rome of
the Austrian ambassador and the Prus
sian and Bavarian ministers accredited
to the holy seo and with the pope's cor-"',
respondence to and from the two coun
tries at war with. Italy would be in
evi table. If tho Italian government
were to expel any particular diplomat
ists accredited to the holy see, or to
extend military censorship over. the
pope's correspondence, then the law of .:
guaranties would be violated, while, on
the other hand, tho observance Of the
law would be detrimental to Italy's in
tereats, as the enemy's diplomatic rep- :
resentatlves allowed to remain in
Rome and the unlimited use ef the so.
called telegraphic and epistolar priv-"
lieges would practically amount to
sanctioning espionage
Agreement with Pops Beached
A way out of this difficulty has, SC
cordingly, been found, and, strangely
enough, a secret understanding has
been reached betweeu the aVtlcan and
the Italian government Th pops, in
case Italy declares war- against any .
power, will ask the sovereign or ruler
of that power to recall provisionally
his diplomatic representatives accred
ited to the holy sea The pope's request
will be based on reasons of opportun
lty, since the - incongruity of a nation
being at war .with another and still al
lowing its representatives to. reside la
the enemy's country is obvious; ths.
more so since the pope cannot insure
the personal safety of such representa
tives Prelates to Beplaoe Xnvoys .
Once the diplomatists are recalled'
their functions will be assumed by a
prelate attached to each mission and
known as the auditor of the rota- As a
member of the papal court this prelate
enjoys Immunity, and by acting as a
sort of charge d'affaires, the relations
between the holy see and the foreign
country he represents will not be in
terrupted The Italian government will
exceptionally allow this prelate to
communicate by wire or letter with his
government on the assumption that his
correspondence will exclusively relate
to spiritual matters The difficulty has
thus been satisfactorily solved. In pre.
vision of Italy's Intervention against "
Germany and Austria
U. S. Ships Might .
Save the , Britons
m.
London Bally Haws Points Out Pos
sible Effect of German SabmSrlns
Balds on BBglXsh Vessel.
London, Feb, 20. Raids by German
submarines on British commerce might
make a United States merchant marine
valuable to Great Britain as a means
of supplying food, is the opinion of ths
Dally News, which prints an editorial
Justifying President Wilson's attitude
ron the ship purchase bill now before
congress. - -
Ths paper says this "unprecedented
development of state, socialism" Is the
only means whereby the United States'
can recover Its place in th world of
shipping. Tbe editorial sets forth thjt
in ths present war th-ubmaiin has
become It serious menace to England's
food supply, and in any, future war will
dominate ber position' unless In the
meantime science should disoover some
efective means of defense.
"Should it then threaten our ship
ping with destruction and ourselves
with starvation," says the Daily News, 1
"it will not be an unimportant fact
that a great neutral country, possess-'
lng a mercantile marine of it own, cat
send its ships Into our ports un
molested and unafraid."
British Censorship
Causing Much Loss
Th Norwegian Commerce and Hayiga
tlon Gazette Complatasat Unneces
sary Belay la Passing Telegrams. ..
Chrlstlanla. Feb. 20. The Norwegian
Commerce and Navigation Gazette
voices the general opinion held here
when it complains of th British cen
sorship of telegrams, which. It says,
occasions difficulties and! losses
through delaying, stopping and even
suppressing commercial telegrams.
This, It is stated, happens not only
when the destination is Kngland. but
even when telegrams are intended for
transatlantic addresses, .
Th Gazette admits that the censor
ship is necessary, but finds it incom
prehensible that it Is not carried out in
a more buslnoen-like fashion. It sub--mits
for the British government's con
sideration the suggestion that its .rig
orous arrangements might b modified
in the case of inoffensive neutral tele
grams.
i
.1
t.