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About The Oregon daily journal. (Portland, Or.) 1902-1972 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 14, 1913)
4 I i-1 r .' i I mM Al l.rrlrJlJLjrlNrl Vl-INDSPKNPCNT NBWSPAPSB; . . . Pabllahar A'ut-M.hed rtrry araning (Mean Snaa-ayl Sandal- mnln t Tne Joaroal Build- in, Broadway and VamBilata.. nowaoa. vr, Snlared at toe poatoraca at PorttamOr traoaoilaaion ttaroucb toe malla ka aacoaa eli for ,,. atvtKf HONKS Mala T17i Home, A.U dopartmrata reached by tbeae tail te aparator what dapartmant fm waai. VOKKION ADVKHTISINO raBSBMTATITII Banjamln Kantnor Co Brniiaw'ck BoUdln. Sit .ruth aveiioe. Naw Sack; MUS Paoples Una Baildlnc. Chicago. , Subacrlptloa Terna 0 mall ar to amy addreaa la Ifae L ul tod H la tea or Mukos DA.ILX . . Una aar is.00 I Cos Bootb .. sriKHAT Am ao an 1 Ona montli .. W M I ; , DAILY AND SUNDAY Ob yea ..... .IT JW I Ona month 1 M Choose the company of your superior whenever you can have It; that Is the right and true pride. Chesterfield. WHOSE SONS? J AMES L. BLACK, owner or a mine in Mexico, returns to the United States with claims that Mexicans slap the races or AmorioBTia in the streets or. tne t . Mexican capital, and that the Amer icans are laughed at when they protest. . It Is a kind of high dive hero story like that recently sprung on Portland. Black's Mexican mino fills him with desire for a United 'States army In the heart of the 'Mexican capital. He Is for war. His story Is a declaration of war. He wants Uni ted States soldiers to march south , or the Rio Grande to double or treble the value of his mine and multiply his dividends. HBaek --of Mr. Black's demand for hostilities, is a large constituency American Jingoes and adventurers are with him to a man. The con ' tractors and Jobbers are In line he hlnd him. t , ' The corrupt old guard politicians . who grew rich out of the crooked transactions of earlier wars are eag ' r In their support Every trust or monopoly, feverish for the Juicy contracts incident to the emergencies and laxatives of war is keen for the march to Mexico. Rich American syndicates exploit ing mineral deposits in Mexico, and the owners of big Mexican planta tions gotten through favor of i-uaz , almost without price, are loud in their demands for a Mexican policy of flying bullets and the tramp of armed men. But in all this multitudinous and " uproarious constituency, not one, In - -case of war, would go to Mexico aj a soldier. Not one would send Mi son to be shot in the battles ' for the supremacy of American owned mines in Mexico. ' The demand that Mexico be drenched with American blood is by men who expect other folks' eons to do the fighting. Woodrow Wilson doesn't believe In that kind of Mexican policy. FELLOWSHIP P kERHAPS the most notable ad dress delivered by Secretary Lane on his western trip was his "fellowship" talk to San .Francisco women a week ago. It was at a small dinner of intimates, - ' and the secretary of Interior felt - i free to express his innermost thoughts. Saying that most people are unable to sit down to such .meals, the secretary continued: Do you women, so eagerly accepting t Mw responsibilities, realize that these I people on the outside are the Ones to ' whom you should be giving dinners? 1 The .girls of the shops and the stores I should -tie part of all these assemblages I not . In condescension but In fellow 4 ah! p. ; Are you women working for muni cipal dance halls for the enjoyment of ail?' Are you working for music and the ooera for all of you not 1ut for the woman who can pay big prices? I Clothes Just clothes are the only r difference between you and the women j outside. Human sympathy should be the ba f ads of success among you women, weld I log together women of every class, bet- terlng the Institutions men created and 4 lessening human misery. , If you, with your finesse can give j t politics this human sympathy, you will have solved a problem and Justl- f led yourselves. '.' , Here Is the entire philosophy of j right living fellowship, human , j sympathy untainted by condescen jeion. -"We men have always been 'too... selfish." Unselfishness la a feminine trait, and it Is through this (trait that women will accomplish their greatest achievements in poli tics. Men are too busy making I money- often a selfish occupation to recognize merit. Women have ' a finer mind, broader sympathies and better impulses. Secretary Lane's remarks should not be sonstrued too literally. He did not mean that all dinners such as ! ha attended should be open to all. ',. He did not mean that people cannot choose their intimates. But he did i mean that humankind is , one and should not be divided into '.classes. t Girls ' of the shops ,,and of the stores should not be denied oppor tunity;. The girl who works in the kitchen; should not be thrust aside 1 as unworthy because of her occu pation. . Merit In them should be recognized, and without condescen- . sion. The only difference between kitchen and parlor is often "clothes Just clothes." Men 'can work for equality of industrial opportunity. Women can work for equality, both in this field and In the field of higher things. After all, it is the 'women, more than the men, who draw artificial dividing lines. Ask the girl who works in an office and the girl who THE works in a kitchen. Which girl Is the menial and which la the equal. i depending umy uijuu uor sunny iu establish her standing? "We want to move on, and move on together, men and women" all men and all women AN EQUAL BURDEN A HIGH, note in the swelling symphony of public conscience was sounded by Mrs. . Mary Wood of New York In an ad dress before the recent Internation al Congress of Social - Hygiene held in Buffalo, when she declared that "Not only should Caesar's wife be above suspicion but Caesar himself snouia be aoove suspicion. In this assertion is epitomized the whole argument- for a single moral standard. The equal respon sibility of the husband with the wife ill its maintenance cannot , be better phrased. From time immemorial the bur den of conserving the morals of the world has been placed upon woman. That this has been an injustice is slowly coming to general recog nition. Gradually it Is being realized that one of the greatest problems of today Is a better fatherhood and a better brotherhood. So deeply has it been imbedded in human conduct that the sins of Lman and woman should be Judged by different Judgments that the in junction of the master, "Let him who is without sin cast the first stone," has fallen on unheeding ears. The old pagan idea of marriage made woman the slave of man. She was an object of pursuit and when captured was made subservient to his every wish. She was a creature entirely separate and apart from him, a lower order of being cre ated to please man and be the mother of his children. She had no legal existence. Her property and her children were all under the con trol of her lord and master. In her keeping was placed the honor of the family upon which the hus band alone could throw a stain. In the Hebrew conception man and woman were created by God in his image, male and female created he them, and gave them supremacy over the earth and all things there in contained. They were not different beings but one was the complement of the other. As expressed by Longfellow "as unto the bow the chord Is so unto the man is woman" or as Tennyson sings "nor equal nor un equal each fulfills defect in each." In tho Hebrew concept man is not complete without woman, woman Is not complete without man. In neither one is there any superiority but the one cannot take the place of the other. Their function in so ciety Is not the same. The Hebrew ideal and the pagan ideal met In Europe and became elements in modern civilization. Wherever paganism dominated woman was dishonored and where ever true Christianity reigned she was glorified and - adored as the holy mother. Wherever the Hebrew ideal went, went also the idea of complete com radeship, each sharing equal re sponsibility in the moral code, each one regarding the marriage relation as a sacred sacrament, indissoluble. A rello of the pagan ideal Is yet found in the social sentiment that receives the Diggs and the Cam inettls and rejects their compan ions in transgression. Another manifestation of the pagan ideal is found among those who proclaim that the difference of sex is but an incident, that with the same education as man, woman has become his competitor, not his comrade, that his place is her place, that she Is no longer the conservor and educator of life, but must enter into tho field from which nature intended that she should be eluded. ex- 8ABBATH OBSERVANCE 0' N the athletlo field of a Cath- ollo college in Chicago ball games are played regularly on Sundays. Recently the Society of Friends in Flushing, L. 1., turned over the grounds surrounding Us place of worship for use on Sundays for youthful play. Catholics and Quakers thus unite in giving Sunday a new aspect. Gradually the old idea of Sabbath observance, which made the day solemn and severe, is giving way to the new idea that play may be inno cent, useful and wholesome. Some good people may object to the change, but it is advancing. Joy is not necessarily sinful, nor is self repression essentially re ligious. Being good is being nor mal, and the child cannot be normal unless he is in normal surroundings. The peril of Sunday play lies, not In allowing tired folk's to find, rest in amusement, but in allowing amusement to overshadow the obli gation we should feel toward God. . Only a few years ago warnings went forth from many pulpits against a "continental" Sunday. Fathers and mothers today can re member the time when it was a "sin" to get into a boat on Sunday, when children's exercise was" lim ited to a staid walk around the block. Boat riding was elnful, but buggy riding was not. Running was sinful, but walking was not. There has been a wonderful change in sin's definition. Helptift, wholesome amusemegt, in the - Tlew Of an increasing number, is no longer sinful. We have progressed in our religion; our Christianity has broadened and deepened." The chil dren of Flushing will feel more kind- OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL, PORTLAND, SUNDAY L-UJ I Ill' '"II" X-J.iA.BU--LU-iJ III! .Ulil.JI.J ly toward, the good Quakers-; Chicago boys will better understand Cathol- icism. Notfttng can be very Bin f ul which gladdens the heart and broadens the sympathies. A main thing to be insisted upon in the change, is that there shall still run through the day a realiza tion that it Is the day of rest, and that it is the Sabbath day. THE ROUND-UP r N no other year has the Pendle ton Round-Up shown such popu larity. , In no other year, from all accounts, have the events of the show been so thoroughly the events of the real prairies. Probably, it is the realism of the performances that makes the Round up so widely popular. It is a re- staging of the old life of the prair ies, a life that is on the border line of extinction. In the main the great game of the cowboy frontier is gone. The prospector now has evening clothes and belongs to a club. The Indian wears a high hat, and, if he isn't a star baseball player, cultivates a farm. The vaquero lives in a flat and plays golf and tennis. The stage robbers and other desperadoes are still with jis but many of their per formances are conducted with a high power automobile. All these and other figures of the prairie outposts held a popu lar place in the romantic fiction for more than a generation. The names of the "Buffalo Bills" and the "Moccasin Jims" became as familiar in American homes as those of the chief magistrates of the nation. It was an era of chivalry, of rough men, of wild scenes and des perate things. It played Its part un til a relentless civilization, pushing its frontier ever westward, slowly crowded the cowboy and his pony Into the narrow confines permitted now by the wire fences that are giedually closing more and more closely around the desert lands of the Pacific slopes. Truthfully and powerfully, the Round-Up visualizes and revitalizes the passing order. The Indian is again the Indian in his blanket. The vaquero is the easy, gfaceful counterpart of the far famed person of the saddle, rope and mustang of the wild prairies. The Round-Up is the rennaissance of the frontier west at a time when the remnant representatives of the old order are making their last stand against the ominous tramp of an oncoming civilization. THE AGE OF FIFTY A' RNOLD BENNETT, the Eng lish novelist, says the man of 60 has reached the interesting age. Lowell said he hasn't much hope after rounding that cape. Bennett insists that the age of 50 is misunderstood by all who have Dot reached it Fifty is a thrilling age; appearances are tragically de ceptive. Both statements are right, if qualified. Fifty years are no handi cap to a man who has used them. Thirty years are a disqualification against the man who has not used them. It all depends upon the in dividual and his use of the years. Illusions are not dead at 50; neith er is ambition. Bennett says It is the most romantic and tender age of all, and it may be. There is much talk these days about age's handicaps. It is said to be an era of young men. But, says the Christian Herald, John Wesley, the preacher, lived and was useful until he was 88 years old. Arnauld, the theologian, translated Josephus in his eightieth year, and Drvdnn in his slxtv-eiehth vear com-! menced the translation of the Iliad Michael Anglo was painting can vasses at 89 years. Titian at 90 painted with youth's vigor, and he continued painting until he was 99. Franklin commenced his philosophi cal pursuits at 50, and Newton at 83 worked as hard as he did in middle life. There is no fixed age at which men or women "round the cape." That incident In life depends upon the individual. Bennett is the bet ter prophet, for he holds out hope. An old lady was reciting her ail ments to her physician, who told her he could not make her young again. "I know that, doctor," she replied, what I want you to do is to help me grow old a little longer." THE SUNDAY DINNER K ANSAS university philosophers have started a crusade against the big Sunday dinner. Their slogan is, "Plain living and high thinking for the Sabbath motto of Kansas." Thousands of women have expressed faith in the slogan and are following it. The women Justify their faith and practice by saying that before they saw the light the Sunday din ner was generally the biggest meal of the week, and the least needed. The men did not work on Sunday and naturally required less nourishment. The women say Sun day is a day of rest and should not be set apart for hot and tedious hours in the kitchen. Women, as well as men, need a day of rest. There is Justice in the Kansas women's desire for emancipation from the big Sunday, dinner. ,A man gets ub "late, reads "ihe paper, lounges about the .house, goes to church or a baseball' game, eats his hearty meal and wonders why his wife is so busy and tired. She gets breakfast, picks up the papers her husband ' scattered throughout the house, waits on her liege lord at odd Intervals, goes to church, cooks a big dinner,' washes the dishes and drops into a ' chair ex hausted. , Sunday dinners should bo cooked on Saturday. Women have rights superior even to their right to vote, and one of those rights is to feed their husbands cold victuals' Sun days. ' IMMORAL PLAYS T WO plays, "The Lure" and "The Fight," have stirred New York's moral foundation. Both are condemned as Immoral: both are commended as educative of morals. The incident revives the Issue whether the stage in New York or elsewhere is, in fact, an agent of morality. "The Lure" was written by a man who took part in an investigation of the white slave traffic. It gives a vivfd picture of the luring of girls away from their homes to dis orderly resorts and shows the work, lngs of the traffic in which poll ticlans and others figure. "The Fight" tells of a woman who wants to become mayor, and has one act showing a disorderly resort, where a father finds his daughter held prisoner. t Whether ajlay is moral or im moral depends upon its subject matter and the manner of presenta tion. If a play attempts to com mercialize public curiosity concern ing vice, it is Immoral, and no amount of arguing will make it moral. The stage will never be wholly successful as an agent of morality until it wisely makes its appeal to youth before youth goes wrong. Of what earthly use is knowledge of the brothel to a young woman or young man? What they need is knowledge of themselves which will keep them away from such . places. If the theatre wishes to undertake a moral work, it has a fruitful field in normal amusement that builds character and helps make healthful bodies. People so equipped stand in no danger of the brothel. The Immoral play is the bane of civilization. The theatre blithely undertakes a task that parents en ter upon with prayer. How many mothers would think of taking their daughters to a brothel? What father would not shoot the young man who took the parent's daughter to such a place, even If only to sat isfy her curiosity? And what is the essential difference between the real thing and a stage reproduction? The fact is, theatrical box of fices are not safe censors of morals. The box office has a tendency to commercialize everything. It places filth on the stage, if filth will at tract dollars. Some of the managers are engaged upon a competition of the survival of the nastiest all be cause of greed for the dollar. Yet withal, there are pure spark ling plays more powerful for moral uplift than the noblest sermon, more effective for the upbuild of character than a dozen of the best books, the Bible not included. PORTLAND AND THE ORIENT T HE Hamburg-American steam ship Brlsgavla, which docked In Portland harbor yesterday, has a capacity of 10500 tons. She brought 600 tons of cargo to Portland. Former oriental steamship lines disappeared from Portland fo'r lack of patronage. The Amerlcan-Ha- valian line took away its direct lin era because Portland would not sup ply sufficient cargo. The Brisgavia will clear from Portland for the orient with a full cargo, and so will the next Ham- burg - American liner. The prohlera yet to be solved to make our ori ental lines permanent, is how to get a greater Portland bound cargo. Doubtless, our merchants will more and more have oriental ship pers route Portland shipments to Portland direct, Instead of via Puget aound. Old shipping con tracts will gradually expire and th3 volume of direct Portland business constantly Increase. This, at least, Is the rule that ought to come into vogue. It is one splendid way to help build up permanent oriental lines which will mean a growing industry throughout a zone or several nunarea runes contiguous to Portland, a growth whose stimulating effect on Portland will be enormous. Nor is this the only way. Port- landers can more and more study the raw materials of the orient, and more and more engage in the manufacture in this , city of those materials Into finished products. Huge fortunes are going to bo built up on such industries, and they might as well be made in Portland as in other "cities with citizens of greater initiative. . The establishment of such in dustries will go a long way in pro viding Portland bound Cargo, which, in turn, will help solve the prob lem of sustaining our oriental -lines. Swinburne on Tobacco. From the London Chronicle. Tennyson was the smoking poet of the Victorian era. His two great con temporaries Browning and Swinburne hated tobacco. Especially Swinburne: He expressed llmaelf with characteris tic vehemence. He had wandered into the Arts club, where he sought, " and ought In yain, a, room that was free from the fumes of tobacco smoke. At length his fury overcame-him. "James the First," he exclaimed, "was a knave, a tyrant, a fool, a liar, a coward; but I love him. I worship him, because he silt the throat of that filthy blackguard Raleigh, who Invented this filthy smok ing!" V i a MORNING SEPTEMBER 'li, A GENTLEMAN NATION By Dy. FraaTJc Crane. (Copyright, 11, by Frank Qrane.) The nations of Europe still labor un der the error that they are the leaders of civilisation. Bound with the sense less precedents of centuries, half -risen from the slime of medieval Ignorance and. violence, and accursed with ail the ooncelt of them that are fattened upon I ancient fraud and housed In moribund institutions, they view America through tbeir monocle and regard plain, sensi ble manhood as "extrawnry." There never was a more subtle pernl clous dootrine introduced into this country than that brought here several administrations ago, about the time of the Spanish war, to the effect that "we are now a world power and must assume our responsibilities as such." That sounds good, but. being trans-. lated out of Its htgh-soundlngness into plain speech, It means that America Is to follow the example of the 'mad na tions of Europe, arm herseir to the teetn and go about bullying her neighbors. It means that we are to set up here the same insane and ruinous armaments they have in Germany, France, and Eng land. . . In his message to congress relative to Mexico President Wilson gave one of the noblest uterances of modern states manship. It la amusing to note the comments of the European press. The English papers particularly, with characteris tically upturned noses, speak of our "amateur" diplomacy and of the absurd ity of one natlons. using "moral sua sion" upon another. We shall see. It would be difficult for us to do worse by Mexico, by any policy, than the Powers have done in the Balkan Peninsula. If anything more stupid, barbaric, and uncivilized has taken place In history since the days bf the duke of Alva than the revolting scenes of the Balkan war. It is not recorded. The greatest "statesmen" of Europe were trying their hand. Pompous coun cils sat in London. Russia, Germany, Austria, Italy, and France, with millions of fighting men under arms, stood by and allowed the wrestling belligerents to engage in unspeakable atrocities. Military preparedness Is as brainless as the giants Fafner and Faeolt The Mailed Hand policy goes with the Moral Impotence policy. The program of Citisen Woodrow Wil son saves 10,000 lives and millions of dollars worth of the products of human labor. That of the royal dubs of Eu rope wastes men and money, sown in the battle-plowed field and poured Into the sea. The American congress in supporting the president's plan has risen to a height of Intelligence and sober man hood which the English parliament and German reichstag have never dared to attain. When this great and puissant nation. the richest and most powerful on earth. can with majestio self-restraint follow a course of simple, dignified reason, and prove itself the Gentleman Among Na tions, it is no wonder that the war- deluded nations of the old world, who sun Know no way or precedence but fire and sword, should sneer. Low-browed bouncers, with no argu ments but fists, ever flnd.lt difficult to understand the decent restraint of a gentleman. Is Criminality Hereditary? H. Fleldlng-Hall, in Atlantio Monthly. mere are lew subjects on which so much "scientific'' nonsense Is talked and wrlttep as on heredity. Not very much is known of It as regards plants, less. of animals, and almost nothing as regards humanity. Te 'read books on heredity, especially toNof the Eugenlo society. Is to read a mass of supposi tions and hazardous Inductions where SECRETARY tANE AND By Honors Wttlsia. in Harper's Weekly. There is a renaissance la Washington. It has to do with a number of things. but mostly It touches the rebirth of sim plicity. One spring morning Mr. Lane's office attendant opened the door softly and bowed profoundly. "The president, Mr. Secretary t" he said. "President of what?" inquired Mr. Lane casually. "The president of the United States of America, sir!" replied the attendant, and he swung the door wide for Mr. Wilson. It was the first time that a president had been known to visit the department of the Interior! , Washington does not approve of Infor mality like this. Washington prefers forms and functions. It likes bowing and scraping and pulling of the fore lock. a a One evening, a very hot one In July, Mr. Houston, the secretary of agricul ture, might have been seen on the Raleigh Roof Garden in Washington. He was dining with some friends, In a quiet contented sort of a way, quite a human way, in fact A man belonging to the species known In Washington as government employe that Is, his salary is less than $3000 a year -eyea pecrciary nuu'uu wun. mixture of awe and disgust "Isn't that awful!" -he groaned. "You could tell that he -belongs to Bryan's party! How can an official of the cabi net expoct to keep his lnfluenoe and dignity, when he lets the publlo see him eat and walkT" "And yet the president" said Mr. Lane wearily, as if the comment were old, " when- told of this incident pleased when he hears Just that sort of thing about the members of the cabinet How can the new freedom come, unless It brings with it entire simplicity." a a There is nothing new or revolutionary about the ideas. It is their renaissance In Washington that is remarkable. The principle of individualism Is as old as government It proposes the non-inter-forenoe of the state in the affairs of the Individual. It is the doctrine of "Let 'em go it." It is the doctrine of utterly free competition. Washing ton calls Mr. Lane an individualist It Is extremely interesting to sit In Mr. Lane's office and try to correlate the things Mr. Lane says with the things that Washington says. If the secretary la an Individualist he Is of a modified variety, with a new vocabulary and a large social consolencs. "So great has been our physical en dowment In America," he said, "that until the most recent years we have been Indifferent to the share that each received of the wealth produced. We could then accept cheerfully the Coldest and most logical of economic series. But now men are wondering as to the future. There may be much of envy and more of malice In current thought; but underneath It all is the feeling that if a nation is to have a full life It must devise methods by which Its cltiien will be Insured against monopoly of op portunity. This is the meaning of many policies,-the full philosophy of which is not fully grasped the regulation of railroads and' other public-service cor porations, the conservation of natural resouroes, the leasing of publlo lands aiid water powers, the control of great combinations . of wealth. How these movements wlU " express themselves 1913, most of the facts are negative, and only ths exceptions are positive. The very meaning of "heredity" is not understood. If any quality is truly hereditary, then it is always hereditary. T.t never ocours except as the results of here Jity, and It is constant, that Is to say, It Invari ably follows. But there Is no quality of which this can be said. That genius Is not hereditary is known. Even talent is not. Nor la any aptitude. A lawyer's son more often wants to be a soldier or an artist than a lawyer, notwithstanding the environment, and it Is so with most professions. The exceptions seem to be due to training and lnfluenoe, not to any hereditary transmission. A super ficial likeness to parents seems hered itary, but that is all that we can assert, and that outward likeness by means In fers an inward likeness. There is noth ing to easy and nothing so fatal as this tendency to attribute to heredity what Is due to training or want of train ing. It .excuses suplneness In govern ments and professions. NEWS FORECAST FOR THE COMING WEEK Washington, D. C Sept U. The high court of impeachment, composed of the Judges of the court Of appeals and the members of the state senate, will meet Thursday for the trial of Governor Wil liam Sulser of New York. The actual beginning of the trial is not expected to come until the Monday following, but the Bulser demurrer to the impeachment, based on the alleged Illegality of the assembly taking sufch action In extra session, will have to be fought out be fore the trial itself proceeds. It is already certain that the entire proceed ing Will be one of the most bitterly con tested In the history of the .United States. Both side promise sensational disclosures. The never-endinar Thaw ease will con tinue to' engage- public attention during the week. According to present plans. Thaw is to be brought before the full bench of tho court of appeeals at Mont real on Monday for a hearing on the question of the right of the immigration department to reject htm. Important developments In the Mex ican situation are not Improbable. Tues day will be the Mexican national Inde pendence day and it is rumored that the people of the southern republlo have selected It as an appropriate occasion for a nation-wide anti-American demon stration. The Alberta legislature will convene Tuesday for what Is- expected to be an important session. The two big issues to be brought up for consideration and action are the cooperative elevator ques tion and the Alberta and Great Water ways matter.. Meeting for the first time In the old south, veterans of the O. A. R. and mem bers of numerous affiliated bodies with assemble sn Chattanooga for the forty seventh annual national encampment Confederate veterans will entertain their former foes, and altogether the reunion Is expected to furnish a remarkable dem onstration of patriotism. Another large gathering of the week will be the annual communication of the Sovereign Grand lodge Of Odd Fellows, which will assemble In Minneapolis. It Is expected that about 75.000 members of the order from all parts of the United States, Canada and Mexico will be la attendance. Delegates from 41 countries win as semble In Chicago for the Third Inter national Congress of Refrigeration, which Is to begin Its sessions Wednes day. Leading scientists of the world will be on hand to address the delegates on the problems of cold storage. Among other gatherings of the week 111 be the annual meeting of the National Association of Life Under. writers, at Atlantic City; the annual convention of the National Spiritualists association, at Chicago; the annual meeting of the Canadian Publlo Health association, at Reglna, and the annual convention of ths Canadian Manufac turers' association, at Halifax. THE PUBLIC DOMAIN eventually none can foretell; but in the process there will be some who will dogmatically contend that "Whatever is, is right," and others who will march under the red flag of revenge and ex ploitation. And in that day we must look for men to meet the false 'cry of both tides 'gentlemen unafraid,' who will be neither the money-hired butlers of the rich nor power-loving panderers to the poor." ' A new sort of Individualism, this; the fine growth of an Industrial Idealism, a "The prime achievement of our time,? Mr. Lane went on, "has been the as sertion by the whole people of their supreme authority. Underneath all else, whether it be the consideration of con servation policies, pure food laws, ballot reform, or railway regulation, there is evident the determination by the pen pie that this government shall be their government, that Its policies shall be their policies, and that there shall bo no one group, -class or Interest whose will shall be permitted to override the sober Judgment of the people, and their own estimate as to what is most bene ficial to the community. "Mr. Sydney Brooks, perhaps the greatest of present writers on econom ics, thinks that Europe would'not have taken to government ownership if the plan of regulating by commission as we have It in America had been earlier discovered. It must be remembered by those who advocate government opera tion that they do not by this means escape governmental regulations. The control of rates must rest somewhere, arid those rates cannot be fixed by some merely mechanical rule. Under govern ment ownership, as under private own ership, there must be rate regulation; personal Judgment must have its play; as well as economlo law." - e ; "American civilisation," concluded Mr. Lane, "is new in the sense that it is tho blend of many, and yet it Is as old as the Egyptians. Surely the real tra dition of such a people Is not any one way of doing- a certain thing; not even any one fixed phrase, expressive of a general philosophy, unless it comes from the universal heart of this strange, new people. Is there any other tradition so sacred as this so much- a Jart of ourselves as the hatred of ln ustlce?" Many people have thought Mr. Wil son unwise in bringing men untried in administrative work Into his cabinet This does not seem so to one wno Watches the cumbersome workings of our great bureaus. The great hope of the New Freedom lies in the unsophisti cated eyes these men can turn on the machinery of government They are not Diinuea Dy naoit, made narrow by routine. If they are able to trust their subordinates, who know the details of the business at hand, the combination of "new head and old hands" is a good one. Washington has its own reasons for being cynical. For many years It has watched the captains and the kings de part' And yet the new regime Is. there, and, because Us tenets are so simple and so human, one may hope that it is there to stay for some time. A man Who takes -office under the New Freedom does not find his compensa tion In the.4bing seen by the ye, Great, ness Is not aUways Its own reward. One gets a little tightening 0f the throat from the hint of sacrifice in President Wilson's remark to a friend the other day. 'It s a lonely life," said the president wistfully "a lonely, lonely llfel" IN EARLIER DAYS By Fred lockiy. "You often hear people nowadays tall? about what a good time the ; pioneers r had," said Mrs. Mary Stewart at her home in Corvallls. "Ths women of to day have no conception of the amount of work that the pioneer women had to do. Ths first wheat orop we "put la we . out with' cradles, tramped out with oxen and cleaned by throwing it up in the air to let the ohaf f blow away. When we built our house there wasn't a nail- In the whole country. Fortunately, when we left for the west I had put a brace and bit in the wagon box. I Uised to spend my evenings .making buckskin moccasins or knitting stock ings , while, my husband whittled oak pegs for our house. There wasnt's a nail iq our whole house. We- used pegs throughout The doors were split out of straight grained wood, planed and pegged together. Our floor was a puncheon floor and I did most of the work In the making of our fireplace. My husband split the boards and made ' a frame for the flreplaoe. I had a cop per kettle and brought clay from a clay bank on the river. . I put the clay In the wooden frame and pounded It In. I made a hearth of clay-and by wetting It and smoothing it I made it as smooth 1 as if It had been laid of brick. We built a little fire in the fireplace and gradually baked the clay until it was like one solid brick. The chimney was made of clay and sticks.' For years I did all my cooking over this fireplace, A few copper kettles and an iron spider were all my oooking utensils. Now adays women have beautiful aluminum kitchen utensils, ranges, gas and every facility' to make their work light I used that dirt fireplace to cook in until 1861. I was one of the first women In this whole district to have a regular stove. Two stoves had been brought to Oregon City. A friend of mine who was there immediately brfught them both, qne for herself and one for me. You have no idea,' after you have stooped down over a flreplaoe for years, what a comfort it la to be able to stand up to do your cooking over a stove. I ' remember 1 used to think If the day ever came when I could have bread made of wheat flour and a stove to cook on, I would be perfectly happy. "J. C. Avery used to board With me before his family came in 1847. I fastened a good, strong coffee mill to a tree out In our yard and for every bit of bread I made I ground the wheat In that coffee milt We didn't know In those days that whole wheat bread was going to become popular some day, so we didn't appreciate it as we might have done. "We didn't have any postofflee. If we wanted to send word back east to our folks we gave a better to someone who was going back there. We wouldn't get an answer until the following .yean so that it took from one to two years to get .word from the folks we had left back east We didn't learn about the Mexican war until the war had been over for some time. "My husband went in the spring of 1849, to the mines in California He had dug out a log and made a canoe of It or a dug-out as we used to call It In those days. In the early spring of 1847 we had very high water In the river. At our place and for some dis tance below the river was very swift. There were some bad riffles down the river a short distance. Just about dusk a man hailed me from the other side of the river and asked me to come over and get him. He was riding" a mule. The water was Ice cold and he didn't want to swim the mule across and get himself soaking wet I told him that the men folks were all gone and that the river was too swift for me to at tempt to come serosa He finally called across to me and said: 'My wife Is all alone on your side of the river and she will be worried If I dfth't come. I am on my way home from Browns ville and I promised her I would be home- tonight . I will give you If you will come over and get ma' "Five dollars In 1847 was a lot of money. Wheat and beaver skins were the ourrency of the Vuntry and money was scarcer than heirs teeth. By pad dling bard on the lower side of the boat only.' and keeping It headed up stream I got across all right He said he would paddle back and for me to handle the steering oar and lead the mule. When we got out Into the deep, swift water the mule got scared and tried to climb In the dug-out I hit him a good lick on the head with the steering oar and he went out of sight under the water. The man stopped paddling and said: 'See what you have done, woman. You have killed my mule!' I told him It was better to kill his mule than for his mule to drown both of us. The mule came up puffing and snorting and kept at the end Of the rope the rest of the way across. We landed some distance be low my place, so we had to pull the boat, up the stream. He reached In his pocket and pulled out a 85 gold piece and said: This will pay you for the risk you have taken.' I told him I wasn't risking my life for a $6 gold pleoe; that I only went across and got him because his wife would be anxious If he didn't return; that I knew how it was myself, from personal experience, and I had brought him across only on account of his wife. "When the gold was dlsoovered In California times were very good in the valley. Every pound of butter I could make and every bit of kraut I made I was able to sell at a big figure. Be tween keeping my husband and the six children in buckskin clothes and all of us in moccasins, making kraut milk- , ing the oows, making the butter, dip ping ths candles, making soap and cook, ing for ourselves and all of the travel ers who came -through the -valley, I kept mlghty-.busy. Many and many a time I have gone to bed so tired I eould hardly move and then had someone come at 11 o'clock at night rouse us up and want me to get them something hot for supper, I used to do it too because when a person had traveled all day In the rain and Is chilled through he needed some coffee and some hot food. "There used to be Just as much rain In those days as there Is now and yet I never saw such a thing as a rain coat or an umbrella until I had lived in Oregon for many years. That is one of the explanations for the old-fashioned flreplaoe. When people cams in soaking wet they wanted to be able to sit in front of the fire and get dry. Another explanation Is that the bigger the fireplace was, the less work to chop up the wood. It would take big loga Wood - was about the cheapest thing V there was. "My husband came baek from the mines and decided we oould do better by raising onions, beans, potatoes, wheat and selling butter and kraut, than he could In mining. Pack trains used to come here and lay in supplies.' The Indians used to be -awfully eager to get potatoes. I ' told them that they should raise potatoes. I gave them a start so they would have some potatoes next year. They planted them all right but after waiting nearly a week for them to .come up they got discouraged and -dug them all up and ate them.? ., i' ii - . , The Dalles will soon be manufacture Ing cultivators at the rate of 40 ma chines a day, states The . Dalles Opti mist Machinery for the manufacture of this product Is being installed and active work will be started soon.