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Choose the company of your
superior whenever you can have
It; that Is the right and true
pride. Chesterfield.
WHOSE SONS?
J
AMES L. BLACK, owner or a
mine in Mexico, returns to the
United States with claims that
Mexicans slap the races or
AmorioBTia in the streets or. tne
t . Mexican capital, and that the Amer
icans are laughed at when they
protest.
. It Is a kind of high dive hero
story like that recently sprung on
Portland. Black's Mexican mino
fills him with desire for a United
'States army In the heart of the
'Mexican capital.
He Is for war. His story Is a
declaration of war. He wants Uni
ted States soldiers to march south
, or the Rio Grande to double or
treble the value of his mine and
multiply his dividends.
HBaek --of Mr. Black's demand for
hostilities, is a large constituency
American Jingoes and adventurers
are with him to a man. The con
' tractors and Jobbers are In line he
hlnd him.
t , ' The corrupt old guard politicians
. who grew rich out of the crooked
transactions of earlier wars are eag
' r In their support Every trust or
monopoly, feverish for the Juicy
contracts incident to the emergencies
and laxatives of war is keen for
the march to Mexico.
Rich American syndicates exploit
ing mineral deposits in Mexico, and
the owners of big Mexican planta
tions gotten through favor of i-uaz
, almost without price, are loud in
their demands for a Mexican policy
of flying bullets and the tramp of
armed men.
But in all this multitudinous and
" uproarious constituency, not one, In
- -case of war, would go to Mexico
aj a soldier. Not one would send
Mi son to be shot in the battles
' for the supremacy of American
owned mines in Mexico.
' The demand that Mexico be
drenched with American blood is
by men who expect other folks'
eons to do the fighting.
Woodrow Wilson doesn't believe
In that kind of Mexican policy.
FELLOWSHIP
P
kERHAPS the most notable ad
dress delivered by Secretary
Lane on his western trip was
his "fellowship" talk to San
.Francisco women a week ago. It
was at a small dinner of intimates,
- ' and the secretary of Interior felt
- i free to express his innermost
thoughts. Saying that most people
are unable to sit down to such
.meals, the secretary continued:
Do you women, so eagerly accepting
t Mw responsibilities, realize that these
I people on the outside are the Ones to
' whom you should be giving dinners?
1 The .girls of the shops and the stores
I should -tie part of all these assemblages
I not . In condescension but In fellow
4 ah! p.
; Are you women working for muni
cipal dance halls for the enjoyment
of ail?' Are you working for music
and the ooera for all of you not 1ut
for the woman who can pay big prices?
I Clothes Just clothes are the only
r difference between you and the women
j outside.
Human sympathy should be the ba
f ads of success among you women, weld
I log together women of every class, bet-
terlng the Institutions men created and
4 lessening human misery.
, If you, with your finesse can give
j t politics this human sympathy, you
will have solved a problem and Justl-
f led yourselves.
'.' , Here Is the entire philosophy of
j right living fellowship, human
, j sympathy untainted by condescen
jeion. -"We men have always been
'too... selfish." Unselfishness la a
feminine trait, and it Is through this
(trait that women will accomplish
their greatest achievements in poli
tics. Men are too busy making
I money- often a selfish occupation
to recognize merit. Women have
' a finer mind, broader sympathies
and better impulses.
Secretary Lane's remarks should
not be sonstrued too literally. He
did not mean that all dinners such
as ! ha attended should be open to
all. ',. He did not mean that people
cannot choose their intimates. But
he did i mean that humankind is
, one and should not be divided into
'.classes.
t Girls ' of the shops ,,and of the
stores should not be denied oppor
tunity;. The girl who works in the
kitchen; should not be thrust aside
1 as unworthy because of her occu
pation. . Merit In them should be
recognized, and without condescen-
. sion. The only difference between
kitchen and parlor is often "clothes
Just clothes."
Men 'can work for equality of
industrial opportunity. Women can
work for equality, both in this field
and In the field of higher things.
After all, it is the 'women, more
than the men, who draw artificial
dividing lines. Ask the girl who
works in an office and the girl who
THE
works in a kitchen. Which girl Is
the menial and which la the equal.
i depending umy uijuu uor sunny iu
establish her standing?
"We want to move on, and move
on together, men and women"
all men and all women
AN EQUAL BURDEN
A
HIGH, note in the swelling
symphony of public conscience
was sounded by Mrs. . Mary
Wood of New York In an ad
dress before the recent Internation
al Congress of Social - Hygiene held
in Buffalo, when she declared that
"Not only should Caesar's wife be
above suspicion but Caesar himself
snouia be aoove suspicion.
In this assertion is epitomized
the whole argument- for a single
moral standard. The equal respon
sibility of the husband with the
wife ill its maintenance cannot , be
better phrased.
From time immemorial the bur
den of conserving the morals of the
world has been placed upon woman.
That this has been an injustice is
slowly coming to general recog
nition. Gradually it Is being realized that
one of the greatest problems of
today Is a better fatherhood and
a better brotherhood.
So deeply has it been imbedded
in human conduct that the sins of
Lman and woman should be Judged
by different Judgments that the in
junction of the master, "Let him
who is without sin cast the first
stone," has fallen on unheeding
ears.
The old pagan idea of marriage
made woman the slave of man. She
was an object of pursuit and when
captured was made subservient to
his every wish. She was a creature
entirely separate and apart from
him, a lower order of being cre
ated to please man and be the
mother of his children. She had no
legal existence. Her property and
her children were all under the con
trol of her lord and master. In
her keeping was placed the honor
of the family upon which the hus
band alone could throw a stain.
In the Hebrew conception man
and woman were created by God in
his image, male and female created
he them, and gave them supremacy
over the earth and all things there
in contained.
They were not different beings
but one was the complement of the
other. As expressed by Longfellow
"as unto the bow the chord Is so
unto the man is woman" or as
Tennyson sings "nor equal nor un
equal each fulfills defect in each."
In tho Hebrew concept man is not
complete without woman, woman Is
not complete without man. In
neither one is there any superiority
but the one cannot take the place
of the other. Their function in so
ciety Is not the same.
The Hebrew ideal and the pagan
ideal met In Europe and became
elements in modern civilization.
Wherever paganism dominated
woman was dishonored and where
ever true Christianity reigned she
was glorified and - adored as the
holy mother.
Wherever the Hebrew ideal went,
went also the idea of complete com
radeship, each sharing equal re
sponsibility in the moral code, each
one regarding the marriage relation
as a sacred sacrament, indissoluble.
A rello of the pagan ideal Is yet
found in the social sentiment that
receives the Diggs and the Cam
inettls and rejects their compan
ions in transgression.
Another manifestation of the
pagan ideal is found among those
who proclaim that the difference of
sex is but an incident, that with
the same education as man, woman
has become his competitor, not his
comrade, that his place is her place,
that she Is no longer the conservor
and educator of life, but must enter
into tho field from which nature
intended that she should be
eluded.
ex-
8ABBATH OBSERVANCE
0'
N the athletlo field of a Cath-
ollo college in Chicago ball
games are played regularly on
Sundays. Recently the Society
of Friends in Flushing, L. 1., turned
over the grounds surrounding Us
place of worship for use on Sundays
for youthful play.
Catholics and Quakers thus unite
in giving Sunday a new aspect.
Gradually the old idea of Sabbath
observance, which made the day
solemn and severe, is giving way to
the new idea that play may be inno
cent, useful and wholesome. Some
good people may object to the
change, but it is advancing.
Joy is not necessarily sinful, nor
is self repression essentially re
ligious. Being good is being nor
mal, and the child cannot be normal
unless he is in normal surroundings.
The peril of Sunday play lies, not
In allowing tired folk's to find, rest
in amusement, but in allowing
amusement to overshadow the obli
gation we should feel toward God.
. Only a few years ago warnings
went forth from many pulpits
against a "continental" Sunday.
Fathers and mothers today can re
member the time when it was a
"sin" to get into a boat on Sunday,
when children's exercise was" lim
ited to a staid walk around the
block. Boat riding was elnful, but
buggy riding was not. Running
was sinful, but walking was not.
There has been a wonderful
change in sin's definition. Helptift,
wholesome amusemegt, in the - Tlew
Of an increasing number, is no
longer sinful. We have progressed
in our religion; our Christianity has
broadened and deepened." The chil
dren of Flushing will feel more kind-
OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL, PORTLAND, SUNDAY
L-UJ I Ill' '"II" X-J.iA.BU--LU-iJ III! .Ulil.JI.J
ly toward, the good Quakers-; Chicago
boys will better understand Cathol-
icism. Notfttng can be very Bin
f ul which gladdens the heart and
broadens the sympathies.
A main thing to be insisted upon
in the change, is that there shall
still run through the day a realiza
tion that it Is the day of rest, and
that it is the Sabbath day.
THE ROUND-UP
r
N no other year has the Pendle
ton Round-Up shown such popu
larity. ,
In no other year, from all
accounts, have the events of the
show been so thoroughly the events
of the real prairies.
Probably, it is the realism of the
performances that makes the Round
up so widely popular. It is a re-
staging of the old life of the prair
ies, a life that is on the border
line of extinction.
In the main the great game of
the cowboy frontier is gone. The
prospector now has evening clothes
and belongs to a club. The Indian
wears a high hat, and, if he isn't
a star baseball player, cultivates a
farm.
The vaquero lives in a flat and
plays golf and tennis. The stage
robbers and other desperadoes are
still with jis but many of their per
formances are conducted with a high
power automobile.
All these and other figures of
the prairie outposts held a popu
lar place in the romantic fiction
for more than a generation. The
names of the "Buffalo Bills" and
the "Moccasin Jims" became as
familiar in American homes as
those of the chief magistrates of
the nation.
It was an era of chivalry, of
rough men, of wild scenes and des
perate things. It played Its part un
til a relentless civilization, pushing
its frontier ever westward, slowly
crowded the cowboy and his pony
Into the narrow confines permitted
now by the wire fences that are
giedually closing more and more
closely around the desert lands of
the Pacific slopes.
Truthfully and powerfully, the
Round-Up visualizes and revitalizes
the passing order. The Indian is
again the Indian in his blanket.
The vaquero is the easy, gfaceful
counterpart of the far famed person
of the saddle, rope and mustang of
the wild prairies.
The Round-Up is the rennaissance
of the frontier west at a time when
the remnant representatives of the
old order are making their last
stand against the ominous tramp
of an oncoming civilization.
THE AGE OF FIFTY
A'
RNOLD BENNETT, the Eng
lish novelist, says the man of
60 has reached the interesting
age. Lowell said he hasn't
much hope after rounding that cape.
Bennett insists that the age of 50
is misunderstood by all who have
Dot reached it Fifty is a thrilling
age; appearances are tragically de
ceptive. Both statements are right, if
qualified. Fifty years are no handi
cap to a man who has used them.
Thirty years are a disqualification
against the man who has not used
them. It all depends upon the in
dividual and his use of the years.
Illusions are not dead at 50; neith
er is ambition. Bennett says It is
the most romantic and tender age
of all, and it may be.
There is much talk these days
about age's handicaps. It is said to
be an era of young men. But,
says the Christian Herald, John
Wesley, the preacher, lived and was
useful until he was 88 years old.
Arnauld, the theologian, translated
Josephus in his eightieth year, and
Drvdnn in his slxtv-eiehth vear com-!
menced the translation of the Iliad
Michael Anglo was painting can
vasses at 89 years. Titian at 90
painted with youth's vigor, and he
continued painting until he was 99.
Franklin commenced his philosophi
cal pursuits at 50, and Newton at
83 worked as hard as he did in
middle life.
There is no fixed age at which
men or women "round the cape."
That incident In life depends upon
the individual. Bennett is the bet
ter prophet, for he holds out hope.
An old lady was reciting her ail
ments to her physician, who told
her he could not make her young
again.
"I know that, doctor," she replied,
what I want you to do is to help
me grow old a little longer."
THE SUNDAY DINNER
K
ANSAS university philosophers
have started a crusade against
the big Sunday dinner. Their
slogan is, "Plain living and
high thinking for the Sabbath motto
of Kansas." Thousands of women
have expressed faith in the slogan
and are following it.
The women Justify their faith and
practice by saying that before they
saw the light the Sunday din
ner was generally the biggest
meal of the week, and the least
needed. The men did not work on
Sunday and naturally required less
nourishment. The women say Sun
day is a day of rest and should not
be set apart for hot and tedious
hours in the kitchen. Women, as
well as men, need a day of rest.
There is Justice in the Kansas
women's desire for emancipation
from the big Sunday, dinner. ,A
man gets ub "late, reads "ihe paper,
lounges about the .house, goes to
church or a baseball' game, eats
his hearty meal and wonders why
his wife is so busy and tired. She
gets breakfast, picks up the papers
her husband ' scattered throughout
the house, waits on her liege lord
at odd Intervals, goes to church,
cooks a big dinner,' washes the
dishes and drops into a ' chair ex
hausted. ,
Sunday dinners should bo cooked
on Saturday. Women have rights
superior even to their right to vote,
and one of those rights is to feed
their husbands cold victuals' Sun
days. '
IMMORAL PLAYS
T
WO plays, "The Lure" and "The
Fight," have stirred New
York's moral foundation. Both
are condemned as Immoral:
both are commended as educative
of morals. The incident revives
the Issue whether the stage in New
York or elsewhere is, in fact, an
agent of morality.
"The Lure" was written by a man
who took part in an investigation
of the white slave traffic. It gives
a vivfd picture of the luring of
girls away from their homes to dis
orderly resorts and shows the work,
lngs of the traffic in which poll
ticlans and others figure. "The
Fight" tells of a woman who wants
to become mayor, and has one act
showing a disorderly resort, where
a father finds his daughter held
prisoner. t
Whether ajlay is moral or im
moral depends upon its subject
matter and the manner of presenta
tion. If a play attempts to com
mercialize public curiosity concern
ing vice, it is Immoral, and no
amount of arguing will make it
moral.
The stage will never be wholly
successful as an agent of morality
until it wisely makes its appeal to
youth before youth goes wrong. Of
what earthly use is knowledge of
the brothel to a young woman or
young man? What they need is
knowledge of themselves which will
keep them away from such . places.
If the theatre wishes to undertake
a moral work, it has a fruitful
field in normal amusement that
builds character and helps make
healthful bodies. People so equipped
stand in no danger of the brothel.
The Immoral play is the bane of
civilization. The theatre blithely
undertakes a task that parents en
ter upon with prayer. How many
mothers would think of taking their
daughters to a brothel? What father
would not shoot the young man
who took the parent's daughter to
such a place, even If only to sat
isfy her curiosity? And what is the
essential difference between the real
thing and a stage reproduction?
The fact is, theatrical box of
fices are not safe censors of morals.
The box office has a tendency to
commercialize everything. It places
filth on the stage, if filth will at
tract dollars. Some of the managers
are engaged upon a competition of
the survival of the nastiest all be
cause of greed for the dollar.
Yet withal, there are pure spark
ling plays more powerful for moral
uplift than the noblest sermon,
more effective for the upbuild of
character than a dozen of the best
books, the Bible not included.
PORTLAND AND THE ORIENT
T
HE Hamburg-American steam
ship Brlsgavla, which docked
In Portland harbor yesterday,
has a capacity of 10500 tons.
She brought 600 tons of cargo
to Portland.
Former oriental steamship lines
disappeared from Portland fo'r lack
of patronage. The Amerlcan-Ha-
valian line took away its direct lin
era because Portland would not sup
ply sufficient cargo.
The Brisgavia will clear from
Portland for the orient with a full
cargo, and so will the next Ham-
burg - American liner. The prohlera
yet to be solved to make our ori
ental lines permanent, is how to get
a greater Portland bound cargo.
Doubtless, our merchants will
more and more have oriental ship
pers route Portland shipments to
Portland direct, Instead of via
Puget aound. Old shipping con
tracts will gradually expire and th3
volume of direct Portland business
constantly Increase.
This, at least, Is the rule that
ought to come into vogue. It is
one splendid way to help build up
permanent oriental lines which will
mean a growing industry throughout
a zone or several nunarea runes
contiguous to Portland, a growth
whose stimulating effect on Portland
will be enormous.
Nor is this the only way. Port-
landers can more and more study
the raw materials of the orient,
and more and more engage in the
manufacture in this , city of those
materials Into finished products.
Huge fortunes are going to bo built
up on such industries, and they
might as well be made in Portland
as in other "cities with citizens of
greater initiative. .
The establishment of such in
dustries will go a long way in pro
viding Portland bound Cargo, which,
in turn, will help solve the prob
lem of sustaining our oriental -lines.
Swinburne on Tobacco.
From the London Chronicle.
Tennyson was the smoking poet of
the Victorian era. His two great con
temporaries Browning and Swinburne
hated tobacco. Especially Swinburne:
He expressed llmaelf with characteris
tic vehemence. He had wandered into
the Arts club, where he sought, " and
ought In yain, a, room that was free
from the fumes of tobacco smoke. At
length his fury overcame-him. "James
the First," he exclaimed, "was a knave,
a tyrant, a fool, a liar, a coward; but
I love him. I worship him, because he
silt the throat of that filthy blackguard
Raleigh, who Invented this filthy smok
ing!" V i a
MORNING SEPTEMBER 'li,
A GENTLEMAN NATION
By Dy.
FraaTJc Crane.
(Copyright, 11, by Frank Qrane.)
The nations of Europe still labor un
der the error that they are the leaders
of civilisation. Bound with the sense
less precedents of centuries, half -risen
from the slime of medieval Ignorance
and. violence, and accursed with ail the
ooncelt of them that are fattened upon
I ancient fraud and housed In moribund
institutions, they view America through
tbeir monocle and regard plain, sensi
ble manhood as "extrawnry."
There never was a more subtle pernl
clous dootrine introduced into this
country than that brought here several
administrations ago, about the time of
the Spanish war, to the effect that "we
are now a world power and must assume
our responsibilities as such."
That sounds good, but. being trans-.
lated out of Its htgh-soundlngness into
plain speech, It means that America Is
to follow the example of the 'mad na
tions of Europe, arm herseir to the teetn
and go about bullying her neighbors.
It means that we are to set up here the
same insane and ruinous armaments
they have in Germany, France, and Eng
land. . .
In his message to congress relative
to Mexico President Wilson gave one of
the noblest uterances of modern states
manship. It la amusing to note the comments
of the European press. The English
papers particularly, with characteris
tically upturned noses, speak of our
"amateur" diplomacy and of the absurd
ity of one natlons. using "moral sua
sion" upon another.
We shall see. It would be difficult
for us to do worse by Mexico, by any
policy, than the Powers have done in
the Balkan Peninsula.
If anything more stupid, barbaric, and
uncivilized has taken place In history
since the days bf the duke of Alva than
the revolting scenes of the Balkan war.
It is not recorded.
The greatest "statesmen" of Europe
were trying their hand. Pompous coun
cils sat in London. Russia, Germany,
Austria, Italy, and France, with millions
of fighting men under arms, stood by
and allowed the wrestling belligerents
to engage in unspeakable atrocities.
Military preparedness Is as brainless
as the giants Fafner and Faeolt
The Mailed Hand policy goes with the
Moral Impotence policy.
The program of Citisen Woodrow Wil
son saves 10,000 lives and millions of
dollars worth of the products of human
labor. That of the royal dubs of Eu
rope wastes men and money, sown in
the battle-plowed field and poured Into
the sea.
The American congress in supporting
the president's plan has risen to a
height of Intelligence and sober man
hood which the English parliament and
German reichstag have never dared to
attain.
When this great and puissant nation.
the richest and most powerful on earth.
can with majestio self-restraint follow
a course of simple, dignified reason, and
prove itself the Gentleman Among Na
tions, it is no wonder that the war-
deluded nations of the old world, who
sun Know no way or precedence but fire
and sword, should sneer.
Low-browed bouncers, with no argu
ments but fists, ever flnd.lt difficult to
understand the decent restraint of a
gentleman.
Is Criminality Hereditary?
H. Fleldlng-Hall, in Atlantio Monthly.
mere are lew subjects on which so
much "scientific'' nonsense Is talked
and wrlttep as on heredity. Not very
much is known of It as regards plants,
less. of animals, and almost nothing as
regards humanity. Te 'read books on
heredity, especially toNof the Eugenlo
society. Is to read a mass of supposi
tions and hazardous Inductions where
SECRETARY tANE AND
By Honors Wttlsia. in Harper's Weekly.
There is a renaissance la Washington.
It has to do with a number of things.
but mostly It touches the rebirth of sim
plicity.
One spring morning Mr. Lane's office
attendant opened the door softly and
bowed profoundly.
"The president, Mr. Secretary t" he
said.
"President of what?" inquired Mr.
Lane casually.
"The president of the United States of
America, sir!" replied the attendant, and
he swung the door wide for Mr. Wilson.
It was the first time that a president
had been known to visit the department
of the Interior! ,
Washington does not approve of Infor
mality like this. Washington prefers
forms and functions. It likes bowing
and scraping and pulling of the fore
lock. a a
One evening, a very hot one In July,
Mr. Houston, the secretary of agricul
ture, might have been seen on the
Raleigh Roof Garden in Washington. He
was dining with some friends, In a quiet
contented sort of a way, quite a human
way, in fact
A man belonging to the species known
In Washington as government employe
that Is, his salary is less than $3000
a year -eyea pecrciary nuu'uu wun.
mixture of awe and disgust
"Isn't that awful!" -he groaned. "You
could tell that he -belongs to Bryan's
party! How can an official of the cabi
net expoct to keep his lnfluenoe and
dignity, when he lets the publlo see him
eat and walkT"
"And yet the president" said Mr.
Lane wearily, as if the comment were
old, " when- told of this incident
pleased when he hears Just that sort of
thing about the members of the cabinet
How can the new freedom come, unless
It brings with it entire simplicity."
a a
There is nothing new or revolutionary
about the ideas. It is their renaissance
In Washington that is remarkable. The
principle of individualism Is as old as
government It proposes the non-inter-forenoe
of the state in the affairs of
the Individual. It is the doctrine of
"Let 'em go it." It is the doctrine
of utterly free competition. Washing
ton calls Mr. Lane an individualist It
Is extremely interesting to sit In Mr.
Lane's office and try to correlate the
things Mr. Lane says with the things
that Washington says. If the secretary
la an Individualist he Is of a modified
variety, with a new vocabulary and a
large social consolencs.
"So great has been our physical en
dowment In America," he said, "that
until the most recent years we have
been Indifferent to the share that each
received of the wealth produced. We
could then accept cheerfully the Coldest
and most logical of economic series.
But now men are wondering as to the
future. There may be much of envy
and more of malice In current thought;
but underneath It all is the feeling that
if a nation is to have a full life It must
devise methods by which Its cltiien
will be Insured against monopoly of op
portunity. This is the meaning of many
policies,-the full philosophy of which is
not fully grasped the regulation of
railroads and' other public-service cor
porations, the conservation of natural
resouroes, the leasing of publlo lands
aiid water powers, the control of great
combinations . of wealth. How these
movements wlU " express themselves
1913,
most of the facts are negative, and only
ths exceptions are positive. The very
meaning of "heredity" is not understood.
If any quality is truly hereditary, then
it is always hereditary. T.t never ocours
except as the results of here Jity, and
It is constant, that Is to say, It Invari
ably follows. But there Is no quality of
which this can be said. That genius Is
not hereditary is known. Even talent is
not. Nor la any aptitude. A lawyer's son
more often wants to be a soldier or
an artist than a lawyer, notwithstanding
the environment, and it Is so with most
professions. The exceptions seem to be
due to training and lnfluenoe, not to
any hereditary transmission. A super
ficial likeness to parents seems hered
itary, but that is all that we can assert,
and that outward likeness by means In
fers an inward likeness. There is noth
ing to easy and nothing so fatal as
this tendency to attribute to heredity
what Is due to training or want of train
ing. It .excuses suplneness In govern
ments and professions.
NEWS FORECAST FOR THE
COMING WEEK
Washington, D. C Sept U. The high
court of impeachment, composed of the
Judges of the court Of appeals and the
members of the state senate, will meet
Thursday for the trial of Governor Wil
liam Sulser of New York. The actual
beginning of the trial is not expected
to come until the Monday following, but
the Bulser demurrer to the impeachment,
based on the alleged Illegality of the
assembly taking sufch action In extra
session, will have to be fought out be
fore the trial itself proceeds. It is
already certain that the entire proceed
ing Will be one of the most bitterly con
tested In the history of the .United
States. Both side promise sensational
disclosures.
The never-endinar Thaw ease will con
tinue to' engage- public attention during
the week. According to present plans.
Thaw is to be brought before the full
bench of tho court of appeeals at Mont
real on Monday for a hearing on the
question of the right of the immigration
department to reject htm.
Important developments In the Mex
ican situation are not Improbable. Tues
day will be the Mexican national Inde
pendence day and it is rumored that the
people of the southern republlo have
selected It as an appropriate occasion
for a nation-wide anti-American demon
stration. The Alberta legislature will convene
Tuesday for what Is- expected to be an
important session. The two big issues
to be brought up for consideration and
action are the cooperative elevator ques
tion and the Alberta and Great Water
ways matter..
Meeting for the first time In the old
south, veterans of the O. A. R. and mem
bers of numerous affiliated bodies with
assemble sn Chattanooga for the forty
seventh annual national encampment
Confederate veterans will entertain their
former foes, and altogether the reunion
Is expected to furnish a remarkable dem
onstration of patriotism.
Another large gathering of the week
will be the annual communication of the
Sovereign Grand lodge Of Odd Fellows,
which will assemble In Minneapolis. It
Is expected that about 75.000 members
of the order from all parts of the United
States, Canada and Mexico will be la
attendance.
Delegates from 41 countries win as
semble In Chicago for the Third Inter
national Congress of Refrigeration,
which Is to begin Its sessions Wednes
day. Leading scientists of the world
will be on hand to address the delegates
on the problems of cold storage.
Among other gatherings of the week
111 be the annual meeting of the
National Association of Life Under.
writers, at Atlantic City; the annual
convention of the National Spiritualists
association, at Chicago; the annual
meeting of the Canadian Publlo Health
association, at Reglna, and the annual
convention of ths Canadian Manufac
turers' association, at Halifax.
THE PUBLIC DOMAIN
eventually none can foretell; but in the
process there will be some who will
dogmatically contend that "Whatever is,
is right," and others who will march
under the red flag of revenge and ex
ploitation. And in that day we must
look for men to meet the false 'cry of
both tides 'gentlemen unafraid,' who
will be neither the money-hired butlers
of the rich nor power-loving panderers
to the poor." '
A new sort of Individualism, this; the
fine growth of an Industrial Idealism,
a
"The prime achievement of our time,?
Mr. Lane went on, "has been the as
sertion by the whole people of their
supreme authority. Underneath all else,
whether it be the consideration of con
servation policies, pure food laws, ballot
reform, or railway regulation, there is
evident the determination by the pen
pie that this government shall be their
government, that Its policies shall be
their policies, and that there shall bo
no one group, -class or Interest whose
will shall be permitted to override the
sober Judgment of the people, and their
own estimate as to what is most bene
ficial to the community.
"Mr. Sydney Brooks, perhaps the
greatest of present writers on econom
ics, thinks that Europe would'not have
taken to government ownership if the
plan of regulating by commission as we
have It in America had been earlier
discovered. It must be remembered by
those who advocate government opera
tion that they do not by this means
escape governmental regulations. The
control of rates must rest somewhere,
arid those rates cannot be fixed by some
merely mechanical rule. Under govern
ment ownership, as under private own
ership, there must be rate regulation;
personal Judgment must have its play;
as well as economlo law." -
e ;
"American civilisation," concluded Mr.
Lane, "is new in the sense that it is
tho blend of many, and yet it Is as old
as the Egyptians. Surely the real tra
dition of such a people Is not any one
way of doing- a certain thing; not even
any one fixed phrase, expressive of a
general philosophy, unless it comes
from the universal heart of this strange,
new people. Is there any other
tradition so sacred as this so much- a
Jart of ourselves as the hatred of ln
ustlce?" Many people have thought Mr. Wil
son unwise in bringing men untried in
administrative work Into his cabinet
This does not seem so to one wno
Watches the cumbersome workings of
our great bureaus. The great hope of
the New Freedom lies in the unsophisti
cated eyes these men can turn on the
machinery of government They are not
Diinuea Dy naoit, made narrow by
routine. If they are able to trust their
subordinates, who know the details of
the business at hand, the combination
of "new head and old hands" is a good
one.
Washington has its own reasons for
being cynical. For many years It has
watched the captains and the kings de
part' And yet the new regime Is.
there, and, because Us tenets are so
simple and so human, one may hope that
it is there to stay for some time. A
man Who takes -office under the New
Freedom does not find his compensa
tion In the.4bing seen by the ye, Great,
ness Is not aUways Its own reward. One
gets a little tightening 0f the throat
from the hint of sacrifice in President
Wilson's remark to a friend the other
day.
'It s a lonely life," said the president
wistfully "a lonely, lonely llfel"
IN EARLIER DAYS
By Fred lockiy.
"You often hear people nowadays tall?
about what a good time the ; pioneers r
had," said Mrs. Mary Stewart at her
home in Corvallls. "Ths women of to
day have no conception of the amount
of work that the pioneer women had to
do. Ths first wheat orop we "put la we .
out with' cradles, tramped out with
oxen and cleaned by throwing it up in the
air to let the ohaf f blow away. When
we built our house there wasn't a nail-
In the whole country. Fortunately,
when we left for the west I had put
a brace and bit in the wagon box. I
Uised to spend my evenings .making
buckskin moccasins or knitting stock
ings , while, my husband whittled oak
pegs for our house. There wasnt's a
nail iq our whole house. We- used
pegs throughout The doors were split
out of straight grained wood, planed
and pegged together. Our floor was a
puncheon floor and I did most of the
work In the making of our fireplace.
My husband split the boards and made '
a frame for the flreplaoe. I had a cop
per kettle and brought clay from a
clay bank on the river. . I put the clay
In the wooden frame and pounded It In.
I made a hearth of clay-and by wetting
It and smoothing it I made it as smooth 1
as if It had been laid of brick. We
built a little fire in the fireplace and
gradually baked the clay until it was
like one solid brick. The chimney was
made of clay and sticks.' For years I
did all my cooking over this fireplace,
A few copper kettles and an iron spider
were all my oooking utensils. Now
adays women have beautiful aluminum
kitchen utensils, ranges, gas and every
facility' to make their work light I
used that dirt fireplace to cook in until
1861. I was one of the first women In
this whole district to have a regular
stove. Two stoves had been brought
to Oregon City. A friend of mine who
was there immediately brfught them
both, qne for herself and one for me.
You have no idea,' after you have
stooped down over a flreplaoe for years,
what a comfort it la to be able to stand
up to do your cooking over a stove. I '
remember 1 used to think If the day
ever came when I could have bread
made of wheat flour and a stove to
cook on, I would be perfectly happy.
"J. C. Avery used to board With me
before his family came in 1847. I
fastened a good, strong coffee mill to
a tree out In our yard and for every
bit of bread I made I ground the wheat
In that coffee milt We didn't know In
those days that whole wheat bread was
going to become popular some day, so
we didn't appreciate it as we might
have done.
"We didn't have any postofflee. If
we wanted to send word back east to
our folks we gave a better to someone
who was going back there. We wouldn't
get an answer until the following .yean
so that it took from one to two years to
get .word from the folks we had left
back east We didn't learn about the
Mexican war until the war had been
over for some time.
"My husband went in the spring of
1849, to the mines in California He
had dug out a log and made a canoe of
It or a dug-out as we used to call It
In those days. In the early spring of
1847 we had very high water In the
river. At our place and for some dis
tance below the river was very swift.
There were some bad riffles down the
river a short distance. Just about dusk
a man hailed me from the other side of
the river and asked me to come over
and get him. He was riding" a mule.
The water was Ice cold and he didn't
want to swim the mule across and get
himself soaking wet I told him that
the men folks were all gone and that
the river was too swift for me to at
tempt to come serosa He finally
called across to me and said: 'My wife
Is all alone on your side of the river
and she will be worried If I dfth't come.
I am on my way home from Browns
ville and I promised her I would be
home- tonight . I will give you If
you will come over and get ma'
"Five dollars In 1847 was a lot of
money. Wheat and beaver skins were
the ourrency of the Vuntry and money
was scarcer than heirs teeth. By pad
dling bard on the lower side of the
boat only.' and keeping It headed up
stream I got across all right He said
he would paddle back and for
me to handle the steering oar and lead
the mule. When we got out Into the
deep, swift water the mule got scared
and tried to climb In the dug-out I
hit him a good lick on the head with
the steering oar and he went out of
sight under the water. The man
stopped paddling and said: 'See what
you have done, woman. You have
killed my mule!' I told him It was
better to kill his mule than for his mule
to drown both of us. The mule came
up puffing and snorting and kept at
the end Of the rope the rest of the way
across. We landed some distance be
low my place, so we had to pull the
boat, up the stream. He reached In his
pocket and pulled out a 85 gold piece
and said: This will pay you for the
risk you have taken.' I told him I
wasn't risking my life for a $6 gold
pleoe; that I only went across and got
him because his wife would be anxious
If he didn't return; that I knew how it
was myself, from personal experience,
and I had brought him across only on
account of his wife.
"When the gold was dlsoovered In
California times were very good in the
valley. Every pound of butter I could
make and every bit of kraut I made I
was able to sell at a big figure. Be
tween keeping my husband and the six
children in buckskin clothes and all
of us in moccasins, making kraut milk- ,
ing the oows, making the butter, dip
ping ths candles, making soap and cook,
ing for ourselves and all of the travel
ers who came -through the -valley, I
kept mlghty-.busy. Many and many a
time I have gone to bed so tired I eould
hardly move and then had someone
come at 11 o'clock at night rouse us
up and want me to get them something
hot for supper, I used to do it too
because when a person had traveled all
day In the rain and Is chilled through
he needed some coffee and some hot
food.
"There used to be Just as much rain
In those days as there Is now and yet
I never saw such a thing as a rain
coat or an umbrella until I had lived
in Oregon for many years. That is one
of the explanations for the old-fashioned
flreplaoe. When people cams in
soaking wet they wanted to be able
to sit in front of the fire and get dry.
Another explanation Is that the bigger
the fireplace was, the less work to chop
up the wood. It would take big loga
Wood - was about the cheapest thing
V there was.
"My husband came baek from the
mines and decided we oould do better
by raising onions, beans, potatoes,
wheat and selling butter and kraut, than
he could In mining. Pack trains used
to come here and lay in supplies.' The
Indians used to be -awfully eager to
get potatoes. I ' told them that they
should raise potatoes. I gave them a
start so they would have some potatoes
next year. They planted them all right
but after waiting nearly a week for
them to .come up they got discouraged
and -dug them all up and ate them.?
., i' ii - . ,
The Dalles will soon be manufacture
Ing cultivators at the rate of 40 ma
chines a day, states The . Dalles Opti
mist Machinery for the manufacture
of this product Is being installed and
active work will be started soon.