Image provided by: University of Oregon Libraries; Eugene, OR
About The Oregon daily journal. (Portland, Or.) 1902-1972 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 2, 1913)
.THE OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL, PORTLAND, SUNDAY: MORNING, FEBRUARY 1313. How to market the big. crop of apples pro tluced in the Northwest is a big problem T tajbe C A. Malboeuf s article on this page ' will help some. , , - , AND FINANCE Carelesshess is costing farmers more money each season than' all other causes More care in making and preparing shipments would save much money. , EDITED BY HYMAN II. COHEN MARKETS' I1? it EXCELLENT AT ALL POINTS OF H Little Change Is Shown DDring Month Although Snow Pro tection Is Bia Aid: Markets Are Higher. WHITES WHEAT COZTDXTXONS. FEB CiiflTv 1913 "1913 . Pel). Jan. Bsc Pen, Feb. Jan. Dec. Feb Oresroa T..X05 104 105 103 1v ashlngtott , . ., .104 . 104 105 108 iaaOo ..4 104 103 104 102 There was little change in the con dition of the winter wheat crop at f a ifie northwest points during last month. In Oregon and Idaho the con dition regained the one percent iobi during the proceeding month but in Waslnne-lnn thorn was no chance. On February 1 the condition of the Oregon- crop is placed at 105 per cent winie ida.hu and wasnintrton snow iu per cent. The difference between the i rops of the various sections is so slight nut it 1 a fiiirdiv noticeable. Uood snowfall all through the Pa I'if io northwest was the big factor for iie crops during tne montn.' inn win i.o an aid both to protecting the plants Jrom cold weather and from- a defic iency In rainfall later in the season. ,; Wheat Market Climbs, Price of Wheat climbed to a higher point at all Pacific northwest centers d uing the week. Proportionally higher iitfures were being quoted at interior jmtnts than at tidewater. This was due i.( the coining into the market of the country millers who - heretofore have ix-en operating on a hand mouth basis.'- This buyihg forced tne market hftrhpr for conditions at tidewater, were. if anything, a trifle weaker than during the orecedinsr six days. Tidewater in terests jthaL-JiaA -to. secure- addyjonall supplies i)l wneai were iiaiurauy lurwa to nay the higher range that was being, offered by interior millers. The situation In the wheat trade Abroad has been very erratic recently. .Toward the closing of the week the market brightened considerably on ac count or the damage reports coming from India. The long-protracted draught Iihs been a bullish feature In the world's trade. - ;,; " .i'v,;'-t- - . W hile during the last six weeks praC tieuily all of the attention of the wheat trade was absorbed in either bluestem nr Turkey red; the situation . has i hanged to . the extent that these va rieties are-nj longer being so eagerly soseht while the less desired club va riety of a short time s- Is a leader. Thu wide differential that has recently been forced between the club and blue .st.'in varieties is now being reduced. A short time ago- it was hard to Interest i lie trade in club wheat but today that variety is predominating in the orders. The flour situation is of very - good character. Since the recent advance la prices by local millers- the Washington Millers' association has come forward with a similar rises therefore quota tions -enerally through the Pacific northwest ate uniform at $3.85 for club, ntright .and $3.85 for bluestem cutoffs. ; No further change has been made in the price of patent flpur -because of the ! fear of eastern - competition. - It is likely that the price of patent will be Kuaged entirely within the immediate luture by the aotlon of the wheat trade. Coass Grains Are Quiet. - Very quiet tone was shown In the market for coarse grains at all Pacific ..orthwest points during the week. Real weakness was displayed for feed bar ley, although some attempt was made by Puget sound speculators . to boost tin1 market, ... While there is a fair . degree of str.ngth for feed oats here, the market )g exceedingly quiet.' Quotations are lit tle changed from those in effect a week ego. While offering is of the small est volume known here, this season, de mand is not extensive. , Milling oats are now almost too scarce to quote, au sorts of prices are jipoken of but mill men are not giving -much, publicity to this end of their business. The demand Is very strong WHEAT Producers' "prices, track ba- pit: Club. SBci bluestem. 4J&c: red Kussian, 85c; fortyfold, 92c; Turkey red, a4'(iioc: wuiamette vauey. tic BAR LEV Producers' prices, track ba sis: Feed, $24; brewing, $25; rolled. Z:.b0. . ,. - -. : . OATS Producers' prices, track basis: Ko. 1 milling, $2 7.60; white, $26,600 ner ton. ' - - FLOUR Selling price: Patent $4.70 w inamette. vaiiey, .u: local straignt, 3.854J0;. export. $3.8S8.96; bakers', 4 4. . . HAV Producers' prices: Willamette valley, timothy, fancy, $15; ordinary, 714.50; eastern Oregon-Idaho fancy tim othy, $18.60: alfalfa, $11. 60012; vetch ana oat-, iiz; cnear, aiu.ou. $21 22: middlings, $2930; shorts, ti wit tier ton. . GRAIN BAGS No. 1 Calcutta, & PORTLAND JOBBING. PRICES TbM pilrM tboa at wfaleta wbolaMlets :u u retail", nwpi u oraennw euted: Bttar, Err est roultir. BCTTEK Nomln.I. ctin erermery, ntM nil tniw.'intte; print, ainvtuuc: aalrr. 34. KGUS Ntuniii!. Candled local extru. 2fiffl 20c, ordiuirj cudled, 25c; pot bnjrlng price Wmm oil, . - rurtuya, oti eantern fit. -- . - ' LrVB POCLTKX Ueni. 1314c; iprlnp. J.i"jC, orunrr., wr, iww:, ii-itl rin aurkl 17c:- Imllnn Kiuiuri, 16c; - tnrkevi -jn' ilrHMed, J3g25c; .plgeonv old, $1; xounk, $1.80 GAMK Jckrbblts, $1.00 per down; wild , bUntrt kAi froducwi tvtet. tie fort Win u'"-ij, y rHEHHK-'NriDlai.; .frmh Orfron fi.. r.n rreum twins sdI txtpletf, 18e; dahleg w ' i ruiu ud TentabUs. IRESU KUtJlTS New BTel onngei I2.Ha f. Fid: Kkvlda. 84.60: binang. 4te lh ' .0 ID.; war., i.wj.to ooi; cranber. flB, BX.-U,,- vuu, cuusro, 110 5061 si.ial: t'ereiaa o.iea. 7i8e lb. alPLE Eatln sppla 60cQ$3; cookinc tOe a box. , fOXAtoEB Salllnc prlca: Extra rhAin. :hr: ' choice. . Stic: ardiDtrT. fioc '..Jf buying price, eariuad, iai40e; country polo ta'-kWM-. itM par rtitiL . ONIONS $1.0041,1.10; auociatlon aelllna price. Kic per eautal t o. b. aapp(n potaU, EtiETUlJ:3-Tarnipa, OOgToc; beata. 75c-csn-ou, 16c per Baca; paranlpa, 76e aack; cab! lZt, 7ac)ii.i; wmatoea, par box, Il.M Jug $-'; r.en onloua. doaea buncbea; ip. m bell, a-c lb.; bead lettuce, $2.60 per crVtT- r-i'-". . "-w, rgg plant w lb: peas t 1; cauiuiower; tliSOfir.v i ' 4-rale; rhubarb (-Jtwltr artkboliea, uglio Mt. Vneot and Hidea.- WO01V-1912 clip Wlllametta alley. eoara. Coikwold, ItfltWc Ib.j meditim, Bhropablre, at? ,l,t. e. tancy krt, 22c per ab.j eaatera Oreaon! . .ul'flM OH .CASCArf bKKIBia IB.I. ear aot 6HC1 i" Cal loth. & Jb., 1ViJ ...IB -.!. Ulae lb. . . IHPtS Dry bides, 21 4r 22c; green, lie; aait -a uu. Imv, innu, (,m.N wit, lie; klpa. Inn ic; talTCa, try, call aklna, aaltai 4- (rcca. ISSlSeS graaa bidaa, ltl(4 inu lit a liro; ucra imua, aaiico, bacwfl.lO .i 1 lb. . j -n-S-lTcnnr.r prtca 1012. ' ITflJO". a l" IIP.-IJ. (ff i VVIIII.LU, , J, Maata. 'iia Bad rrorUiona, iUkAlS Ceantry klUad; Bogiy Lack of Care It Is Costing Producers Much Money and Still Itemed? Is Easy. lij Hyinan II. Cohen. Carejessntas costs Pacific northwest producers thousands of dollars annually that theycould as easily add to their bank account as not Haphazard meth. ods or packing and marketing contrib ute mostly to this method Of loss. The same conauion exists in other sections of the country, but there 1s no reason why it should be shown anywhere. Take the seemingly small tank nf unnarinir dressed meats for market. While there I r man v rAimfMr ukl kM il.. ?,u5.5L.un??r8tni.how to-- stock. there are others who are either ignor ant of the best methods or else don't cure a wnoop. '. a After an animal Is killed it takes some time for the animsl heat to ,lin. appear. If the stock, is hung up for awhile the beat will soon disappear, but wnwi fiutn is snipped as soon as 11 IS Slaughtered it means in roost instances that the meat will arrive in the market in a very noor and tfrobablv tinaaiatiia condition. Take a country-killed ho. for illustration. . ThA atnek mlc-tit hn iue oeai possioie wnen Kiuea, yet If it is not , properly taken care of before sending it to market it will arrive In poor shape. When the loss Is not a total one It means that from le to 2c a pouna is aocxea oy the buyer becaus tne quauty is not rirst-ciass. On the average nog atone tnis, means at least $2. A few. momenta of time would have saved this amount The same applies to veal calves slaughtered in th noun. try. Just as much car munt ba takan with these animals after killing as for nuga, i or xne same results are shown , - a , a . ... - How many farmers nr innnr atfnr. keepers realize that they are losing tuiiaiuc rauie luonev evervr lima inev snip crowded coops of chickens to marKei? The loss from shrinkage alone is far greater in crowded goods than wnen plenty or room is given the fowls in transit. It is estimated that a coop of chickens will shrink 10 per cent more than those sent In proper shape, The loss from this source Is hard to esti mate, but It is conslderabia neverthn. less. .. - - a e a Crowding chickens for shipment means a greater loss bv far than th mere shrinkage of weight due to the worrying of the fowls on account of the proper lack of air and space. In most Instances whern th orWlYia a Pas inn badly .crowdeda Jiumbecofthat-inwls are killed by being tramped upon, I have noticed in many of these Instances of crowding that two or three chickens will be dead when the coops arrive on the market.. This means an outright loss of several dollars from that source alone. It is far cheaper to put less Chickens In the coons and nav ih mu additional express charge than to over crowd them with the consequent killing of the fowls. Mr, ShlDDer. you do not knnw mrv. thing that is to be known about send ing Stock to market, therefore, aHvliu from your commission man in C be received with favor insteal of giving you the idea that somensfe is trying to ao you;" Tne commission man knows the market's demand bet ter than anyone In the country iwinaihiv could because he Is right here on the ground and 'has his hand continually upon the pulse of the buying' public If anyone would etOD .to considnr the matter a single moment he would real ize that the commission man and here I SPeak Of theVrid established firma could not afford to mislead the shlp-4 per ior a single moment dv tenine mm something he knew- was positively wrong. The competition for country shipments Is so great that the commis sion man knows that he must 'deal square with -the shipper. Payingheed to what they say will srenerallv freault Jn the obtaining of better prices,,' There is one thing that country shln- pers continually do that cannot be un derstood by the trade generally. When me maraci is linn mm ingir, ana mere Is a liberal demand for a iifoduct. they will withhold their aunnllpH. Thev seemingly . do not care to ship ! when tne public wants to buy, although com plaining bitterly when they do ship and actually receive lower, prices. It is money out of pocket to withhold sup plies from the market when prices are at their best end everyone wants to ouy. unat is tne time to sen. wnen the market is glutted and prices are low it generally happens that the oouh try shipper will send all his available supplies to the trade. Of course he only works injury to himself by so doing, but I have known country in terests who had been told by their com: mission men to ship stock that week that will actually, hold off for several weeks until the market is broken and flooded with offerings. Then they will send their supplies and wonder why thiW city dealer rauea to pay mm tne prices ne naa written tnem aoouu '.' a a It seetna hard for Vnanr country shlD- ners to 'realise that the biff trade can not use their poor quality offerings. They will ship apples to market that are so poor-that it's not likely that the pigs at home would care to eat tnem. xet these are shipped to the city and a high nrloa demanded. He scarcely realises. even when told, that the city trade demands the best quality and is willing to pay for it. Many nuntirens or ooxes of apples that are sent forward by nearby growers each year are dumped because there is no call for them, A decent cider or vinegar manufacturer would not even care to nanaie tnem; Yet he pays the .'express charges on such shipments and gets either no re turns or practically none. He won ders why. Them is one class ot shipper that causes much worry to himself and re ceiver alike, it is me man wno win take a veal, hog or a coop of chickens to his express agent and roughly es timate their wolght. "How much does it weigh T" the express agent in his home town will say. "Oh, about 60 pounds." would be the reply or tne shipper. When the stock is received in the market it is weighed, and when it is sold It is weighed again. In many Instances the weights. -claimed by the shipper do not agree with those actu ally obtained by the receivers. Of course there is always a chance for mistake on either side, but Mr. Shipper" Will not admit that. He is robbed and that Is all there is to the matter. fancy, KHe; ordinary, 8c; rough andNhfaty, sc; fancy teal, 14(gl4c; ordinary, 13ifcc; poor, 13c; lanibf, HXiilOVjC; niuttooa, 7c tjSc; goata. 8U4c; beef, 7ft10c. UAMS. atAciA. E'l'U itui ibQIOc: break. Iat bacon. ltt(32Sc bulled bam, 27c; pl ui.-x. lie; cottage. Me. MEATS rarktuf bouae fltaera. No. 1 itock, 1318e; cowa, No. 1 stock, 12Q12Ue; twee, 10 id 4( lie; wetter. llVii2c; Umba. 13c; pork iolna 16V4C . OKS'la.lU4 flboalwater af, pet (alios ( )) per 1W lb. aack t ; Vlyaspla. par gallon, 43.23; par 100 lb. aavc $a; caooad. aaatera. toe can; $8.50 ooaen; caatcrs lnab.ll. 1.;6J I par 100; raaot elana, $22.28 bos. llK Nomina 1 Hock cod. loc lb. ; dowad noondera, 7c; baUbat, 15c; atrtped baas, 20c; catfish, 12c; salmon, 12M20c; sales, 7e io., Buuiuva, 12 4c; perch. 8 lb.; tviucod, Vc lb.: lobatrra. !0e h. I barrlnaa t I; olauk haaa, 90c; sturgeon, 12c; ailer Btnalt, 8 lac; Columbia smelt, $1.25 box; black cod, 8c . uatti Aiwtwa. . UHc; cvautouud, . Uarcss, 10b, RICK-Japaa atUt. Jiu. 1, 8403e Ko. X 4Vke: Naw orlaaua bad, fia4il7c; Craola. 6a BueAtt Cube,, 85.80; powdared, $5.70; (rult or berry,. $5.56; beat, $5.23; dry granuUtad, $o.45; D yellow, $4.TS. (AboTS qnoUUona art 80 days net caaa.) . - SALT Coarae, balf groaada, 100a, $10 pa ton; 60s $10.76: table dalrr. Boa, 818; lyoa, $17X0; balea, 82.28; aitra fine barrala, ta, S and 10a, 8J.26tl9.00; lamp rock, HUM par tse, BtANS Hiuall while, ofec; Inrge wblu. Oct piak. 6e; baroo, 4 He; Umaa, 8f; red, 6c UONBX Sew, 12.75 pee east. " - ( ,:, v -. raista, Coal OU. Eta. ' ':, -BlTaV . LkAl-rIoa.JuU,fti p-' "n IW8 lb Iota, be par Ut.( lata Wu, ba pf lb, OIL UKAL Carload lota, .$87.60, icat that atrwad lute, $44 par too. .;. u, Apple Marketing . Big ProElena GOOD FRUIT FIRST By C. A. Malboeuf. (Sertsry STortnwesteni Prolt Ex change.) I take the position that the method of selling, while, a most vital one, is, after an, oniy incidental to tne situation.-ana that the question of marketing itself is not such a problem as It seems, and that It does not offer anything like the same problem as conditons In tae orchard or the packing house do. Mar keting is a science, and its methods ai'e xouiKiea upon tne ives or aerinite prin ciples that have been long established. and constantly improved, in order to meet the constantly changing and great er cone tit ive conditions of the times. The selection of the methods tnat have demonstrated themselves as the most logical and successrui -under, me great est variety of conditions. Is the prob lem that the judgment, of the producer Is called unon to meet. . In anv event. it is a fact that ho one will undertake todlsnute. that first prlnclnles In suc cessful marketing) begin with the coiv rect manufacture of the product and its preparation for the market If these conditions are not systematized and ner fected, no effort at successful market ing, however sincere and practical they may bo, will be successful, . because they cannot be. . : ; Tour first exeat rjroblem la in rata nor the fruit correctly and consistently. The northwest apple, by reason of the distance it la grown from the general markets, the competition It has to meet, and Its handicaps In the way of freight rates and trier conditions, must be upheld at Its highest standard of quality rrom year to year, and be of fered to the markets not merely as na ture grows it, but as the maximum amount of skill can possibly uroducs it Ton must realise that the north west apple will always have its great est rrhfttat-aineher!r-tt-ta' at" Its highest staHe of Physical perfection, and this does not onlv inCludn mmlltv. In all of its different features, but slxe as weu., Tne moment you reacn tne stage that growing conditions in your dis tricts are so well harmonised through uniform practices that a first class do- rendable product can be expected from he rank and file of the orchards, year after year, you will have solved the first problem .that is necessary to over come in order to make successful results possible. Growing the sddIm la nothlne? mora then developing the raw material of the factory. The factory that depends upoq a raw -material as the basis for its op erations; fully realizes that any defect in the manufacturing stage means a wasteof effort and money, and that lta success Nlepends primarily upon the elimination of thai waste as tne verv foundation for its profits. The correct development of the raw 'material with out waste or mistake Is the first and ?iost dependent factor in any industry, t is clear also that in both Its crude and finished state, the product must be or unuorm, ana, as iar as possible, of unchanging character. What Is true with respect .to great Industrial com modities, applies with equal force to a fruit product, and yet very few manu facturing industries in- the world today are operating under such a large in vested capital as the growers of the northwest are. - Perfection in Growing. Tour next problem, therefore, is to reach the proper standard of perfection In growing, and keep that standard, as well as the standards of grading and packing," up to the point reached aud improve them if Possible. The growers of the northwest must recognize in appie growing, the manu facture of a specialty product. It must be put up as a specialty product for very reason that in order to compete witn tne apple of other districts, not! uiuy uie oarrei apples or tne east, but the box apples of other districts, It must be so distinctly superior, not alone in quality, but in dependability of the con tents that It will be readily called for by the trade that is willing to pay a premium price for it, provided it is worth premium. Now that trade Is not going to pay a premium for an apple that la not much better, and perhaps "oiici, man uuier appies mat ne can buy for less money than the price you expect for your box apples. If he Is not sure that every apple in the box is not as good as represented, you can easily see how destructive that care lessness or indifference on your part is going to be Everyone knows that the great secret in successful dealing is not to make tae first sale, but to con tinue to repeat the sale, and thus es tablish a wide trade that Is regular and dependent. We must not be merely con tented with what we can sell today, but what we make ourselves certain it J16! abla t0.SSu ,n tne future in in creasing quantities and with less force first Bale Was relulred to make the Apple a Specialty. "-' The properly grown northwest ap ple of the better variety Is. by Its very nature, a specialty product But It la the competition you have to meet that makes the specializing of it a neces sity. The first cost of production is greater than it is in the case of the great bulk of apples grown In the United States. The distance to the general markets from the different producing districts out here is greater than from any other district In the case of-the northwest apple, for instance, the av erage car haul to the markets is 2500 miles, and the eastern barrel apple has an average haul of about 260 miles. These long railway shipments call for a quality that will stand up under all sort of weather conditions and be able to stand cold storage when needed at the other end. Then the freight rate Is a handicap that on its face looks pro hibitive. -The average freight rate from the northwest to the markets Is 60 cents a box, equal to $1.60 a barrel, which contains about the same quantity of contents as three boxes do. , . The average cost of producing the eastern apple Is, according to. the best authorities, from $1 to $1,26 a barrel, and that includes a net profit of from five to ten per cent to the grower. The average selling price of the better qual ity of eastern apples , is $1.80 at the shipping point, so that it costs you more to ship your apple40 the markets than the barrel apples sell for at con siderable pcoflt It costs you from 60 to 75 cents a box to grow and pack your apples, which makes the first cost of them in the markets,' based on growing expenses and freight charges alone, more than twice as much as the eastern barrel sells for. Then your profits must be reckoned, and if you expect to get as low as $1 a box at shipping point, you can figure It out that your apples must sell by the box in the markets at about, three times, what the barrel apples bring for the same quantity. The more you get for the apples out here the greater the difference is. For in stance, Arkansas Blacks bring from $1.60 to $2 a box at northwest shipping points. . That means the same as $7.60 a barrel laid down in the markets, and where, refrigerator service is used the lam dewn cost Is even greater. -J--'.--. Quality Vast Const, ' i 1 These differences are tremendous and would appear on the surface to be pro hibltiver but they are not. - They simply go to show that the relative difference between the selling prices of the eastern apples and the prices that the northwest- nUa-tnuMt-brla g in the Htarkfcta, in order to pay all expenses and give ilie grower a profit, must be made up 1 quality, - it is clear: that you could BHINf FINDING DEMAND C. A. Malboeuf. Problem Explained How the Big and Growing Crop Is to Be Moved. ' . The treat nrohlem In th nnrthtraaf Is"h6t"how" "our fruits nughl be rhaVketedf dui now tney ougni to Da Marketing Is an established science, founded on fundamental principles. The problem of the grower is to recognize that fact The results of, experiments based on new ideas are usually published in red Ink, Tne northwest apple is a snecialtv ar. tide and its marketing must be spe cialised. In proper condition and .prop erly distributed through modern mar keting methods, it will sweep aside all competition and cari-y the Industry to unquestioned success. The northwestern apple must be a well sized apple. '100 many small sizes are as destructive to values as smut is to wheat The first and greatest problem of the grower Is to learn how to crow fruit correctly and prepare it for the market in a uniform and dependable manner. No effort at marketing can be success rui witnout a unirorm ani staDie prod uct. - Local organisation is essentially the first step toward correct understanding or the principws or uniformity in the grown product, ana tne preparation of the finished product. Uniformity In the preparation of arreen fruit products should be universal the country over. If possible. It Is not practicable in tne case or the united States apple filTa. whole, but It is prac tical and necessary in the case of the northwest apple. Mere understanding of the necessity for uniform grading rules throughout the northwest, without an enforcing or. ganlzation, is ineffectual cooperation. Effective cooperation is based upon ef fective organization. Business cooperation between districts and states Is necessary In the northwest, to make maximum results possible. Bus iness cooperation has its logical struc ture in a centralized body. General organization by the force of its requirements. Insures economic prac tices in the producing stage and Innu merable other ways that cannot be ar rived at in any other manner. Had the northwest as a whole or as a majority followed the principles that have been illustrated above, it would have saved this last season millions of dollars to the growers. Cooperation between the producers themselves, cooperation between the dif ferent factors of the trade, and coop eration between the producers on the one hand and the trade factors on the other, Is ideal business cooperation. Co operation In the northwest that does not recognize the trade as a partner in the situation will not get very far, and will never solve the true principles of mar keting. Maximum results that will Include the cooperation of the trade and consum ing facters, can be expected only through general cooperation operating through a centralized body that em braces a scientific selling organization. The government advises local coopers atlon, district cooperation, and general cooperation through centralized body, as the grf instrumentality to business practices and success. . The f, o. b. system, supported by strong organization, and conducted upon a modern, industrial scale, offers an un limited range of opportunity to the manufacturer or the producer. It is the standard system of merchandising the progressive world over. Its market areas have no limits or prescribed trade. It has no trade, or market preferences, because it alms to deal with all trade in all markets. Its Principle Is to create and develop trade or Its product wherever trade exists. - The basic feature of f.-o. -b. selling is that it always has at its command, at shipping point, the tonnage to offer to the entire trade of. the world under such varying conditions as may be regulated by trade practices. - It pro vides, -for selling to the cash buyer on the ground at shipping point, or to the trade In the markets at prices f. o. b. shipping point, either before or after (Continued on following page.) not afford to meet the comDetition of the., eastern apples by meeting their selling prices because the freight rate alone would sweep your profits out ef existence, . rne way to meet that'eom- f etltlon, and lots of other competition hat you have, is by the adoption of methods that will give your product Its proper recognition in the markets, and you win find that there will always be a large enouajh trade to consume all you have. 1 - Another problem you have is to sys tematize your growing and harvesting methods to such an extent that you may reach the maximum of quality in your packed product at the minimum of expense.- Experts who have looked over the situation in the northwest say it is costing he grower toor m uch -money to raise apples, and that a box of apples should be produced from 6 to 16 cents less than the present cost If , this is true the cost of production Is one of your . greatest questions ; to -wort out However small the saving Is, the total swells into enormous figures. For In stance, If the northwest apple crop last year had been produced at a saving bf 10 cents a box It would have aggre gated $1,000,000. This is merely an example- If economic - practices were to be instituted generally over the four northwest states, and based, as they should be, on scientific business lines, the saving per box would likely be Biuel -hi h la-4havl -ow tn-av.iwav-aitvd you would have a product ot much higher rharaoter. You.QtMt figure that any . difference la cost of production 1 ' . ,- ' I1MST APPLE IS SPECIALTY AHD IS SOLD AS SUCH means one of two things: Either the saving will go to each grower, or. If the product is offered at a correspondingly less price on the markets, it means that the purchasing power of the consumer is max muenrgreater.' ... These arj the principal problems you must work out as being the first es sentlals to correct marketing. The adaption of Uniform methods in fruit growing,; and its preparation for the markets, can only be accomplished through a definite system that is based on organization. It is certain that the great problems in the northwest can never be worked out by individual ef. fort on the part of the growers work ing against each other as Independent factors. . instead of work in e- , toarethnr. because , working apart is working against, and that means competition be tween yourselves that you must avoid. Cooperation Is areoessary. , The second sten . toward ' successful marketing, therefore., - is eooneration. and that Is what you must depend upon. It Is perhaps as great and as difficult a problem as it Is to get your orchards and your packing house methods down to a oasis or perrect understanding, for the reason that in order to reach an ideal state of cooperation you must do so, as a first and lasting step, on the principle of broad! confidence, not only Within yourselves and your fellow grow ers, but in established business princi ples and methods that cannot be lightly ignored or set aside in favor ot new tneories and experiments based on Indi vidual ideas of inexperienced people. The government advocates- uniform grading rules throughout the United States. As far as they would apply to the apple, that might not be practicable In, view of the difference in Character between the apples of the Pacific coast, and those of the east, for example. The goyernment .howe.verys.erj-ess .noon the necessity for as widespread uni formity as Is possible, which means that if It can be done, it should be done. In the northwest there is no reason why uniform -grading rules should not pre vail; but, on the other hand, there is every reason why they should. ; They are of immediate necessity. There is no occasion for the wide difference that exists between the rules of cer tain localities, and in many instances. between different shippers in the same district. - Practical grading rules are based to a certain extent upon natural charac teristics of the fruit, as it can be grown under proper conditions.- and with due regard for certain principles tnat are calculated to bring the great est amount of money returns - for the product This has to do not only with quality and other physical factors, but to size as wen. Bise is one or tne most Important considerations. The use ox" grading rules constructed on those prin ciples, and maintained as a permanent basis year after year, will, if enforced. ao more to automatically errect needed reforms- In the orchard than any other contrlbutive factor. Correct grading rules represent the meeting of many minds. They cannot be made as the result of enthusiastic discussion, or of theoretical notions. They must bear in mind trade necessi ties, as well as - practical horticultural factors. Born Of mass meeting or con vention papers, they often and usually fall of their own weight, because the practical element may be missing. The adoption of uniform grading rules for the entire northwest is not any more difficult to accomplish than the adoption of local grading rules by the local association. It taltes coopera tion in some form,' in either esse, to reach mutual understanding as to the necessity and desirability, for sys tematic methods and practices, but it takes more than understanding between independent factors to insure the adop tion of practical measures, and their enforcement It takes strong organi zation, not only in name, but of oper ating nature, tovdo It In Illustrating this point, I will say that the Northwestern Fruit Exchange officially announced a basis of grading rules in 1912, as meeting the require ments of the entire northwest, and as the result of correspondence with Its different members, in which the sub ject was gone into in all of its prac tical sides, 28 different associations In Oregon, Washington, Idaho and $f on tana adopted - them. . This is the greatest step that has ever been taken toward a uniform basis, in the northwest, and one of the greatest benefits to the grow ers. The trade specially" recognizes the value of uniformity because it Insures a product of speciflo character, and the trade, whether Is is the dealer or the householder, needs that to the same. extent, identically, as 11 aoes a depend able quality . Big Territory Included. . , The arguments that show the neces sity for . cooperation in the local 'dis trict, through association of the grow ers, extend by natural logic into the necessity for cooperation between the different organized bodies or districts, and into greater areas, where natural conditions and common purpose admit of it There Is probably no section of the United States where we find the same expanse of territory where con ditions offer the same facility foren eral cooperation, and at the same time the same necessity for It as they do in the northwest . Cooperation as a fa cility out here is practicable because, of the same general character of the apple that is produced in the four states, -and the natural opportunities that it offers for concentrated effort and its recognition as a common prod uct It Is practicable also because of the eame general conditions under which the various districts operate for instance, tne common cnaracter of the freight rates." the universal use of the box pack and a more or less sim ilar grading basis .that can be readily extended Into uniform rules. Coopera tion as a necessity is essential because of the same general disadvantages un der which the apple Is grown with ref erence to the distance from the general markets, the heavy freight handicaps that must be overcome and the common competition it has to meet All of these troubles and obstacles require a com mon front which organization alone will solidify and render effective. The selling of fruit is, in essential results, just like the selling of any com modity, no matter what its character Is. The elements Of business methods that are employed, however, represent the factors that contribute in more or less degree, not only to the profitable nature of the trading between the pro ducer and the consumer, but to the mu tual' satisfaction of both, -because the greater , the mutual satisfaction, the greater - the confidence that is estab lished, and the wider avenues of possi bilities are developed for the perpetu ation and expansion of those relations, that we call trade. The secret of great-, est success js, therefore, the system Of bringing the producer and the consum er together through the application of the most logical business principles that serve to accomplish those desir able and necessary ends, and maximum results. This necessarily calls for prac tical cooperation between the producer and the consumer. AU Must Ost Torether. Cooperation between different factor in the trade, furthermore, is Just as fssentraf-ns-lt-1s--t)etWBeTi"tTiegrors' themselves, but cooperation that ceases .tCoutlnuoa 00 1'oUowlng Page.) ; Wheat Disappearing - 1 r .....-. Supplies In Hands of : Farmers -' tofag-Tst';?r -;'v January 1 ' February I BUSHELS Oregon ...... 6,673,000 3,075,000 Washington ..10,000,000 8,000,000 Idaho 1.250.000 - 1,100.000 if 11. , 11 T'.--..i, " , Total ......16,923,000 10,175,000 . s, By Hrinan II. Cohen. - -. On February 1 total holdings of wheat by .Pacific northwest growers aggre gated 10,175,000 bushels. Of ' this amount practically 6OA.00O bushels -were held in the Willamette valley and a like amount in sections that are not affected by tidewater conditions. Thereiore so far as the tidewater markets are concerned, not more than 8.175,000 bushels are now available for the market in the hands of growers. The selling of wheat during e the month Just closed was perhaps, the heaviest of the season to date with the possible exception of December. A total of 6,748,000' bushels was sold at Pacific northwest points during . the month according to special reports re ceived by The Journal JtrPPi various correspondents. . " With about six months to run or only about half of the year gone, the indications point to a shortage of sup piles during the latter end of the season.- While stocks by millers are con siderable they are smaller in compar ison with' other recent years that most grinders are willing to admit Country millers realize the situation even more clearlv than those located at tidewater. They are on the ground and know how smalt are the holdings In the warehouses of their section as compared with the total output. This Is the rea son w.y they have been so anxious to purchase supplies recently. iWEATHER IS S - TJhlctf g9.--Tettl. Only a moderate range in wheat was recorded todayend after a firm and higher opening, fol lowed by a break 9o to c, last prices were 4ess than C lower 1 than Friday for May and less than la loss for .July.- " -s ' ' Buyers "were helped eariy by tne rtrm and higher Liverpool cable based on somewhat unfavorable European polit ical news and firm offers of La Platte car goes. The trade was influenced also by the temperatures over tne west ranging from 16. above to 10 degrees below zero. No crop complaints were heard, but a change to warmer weather after the hard freeze may bring unfa vorable reports. , , southwestern messages declared wheat planting in good shape to pass through " the cold wave without injury. Minneapolis messages were conflicting, some or tnem indicating a slow Hour situation, others claiming much lighter country wheat offerings and good flour sales.,-..,, . .. . , .. ; .. There was a New Tork message say ing some of the northewts millers were asked to hold back flour ship ments because Of blockade at seaboard. Primary wheat receipts for the week, 6,667,000 bushels. . Cash demand was,, agalnvslow, with sales of only 20,000 bushels. Range of Chtcsgo prices furnished J)v Overbeck & Cooke Co., 216-217 Board Trade bldg. FACTOR AGAIN IN1E MARKET FOR WHEAT WHEAT. Month ' Opening, High. Low. Clone.' May HU 04 ' 634 98 B July 91 1 81 i SlftB Sept 80 0O4 89 SO A CORN. May ......... 52 V4 524 R2UB July MVi 53 83 63 A Sept. 64 6i 6ST& 64 A OATS. May 34 S4 34 84 B July 34 8414 84K S4A Bent. 3tt 34 & 84 84 A PORK, May 10O5 1910 1902 1002 1015 1015 W07 1908 B 1017 , W20 A July V... 1906 1005 LARD. May ..........1017 July 1017- May 1017 July ...1017 1017 1020 RIBS. 1020 1015 1010 1017 B 1015 1015 B Wheat Condition Perfect. , Walla Walla, Wash., Feb. 1,Never before has Walla Walla valley wheat had as favorable winter weather as this. No damage of any kind Is reported, ex cept in the light land districts, and there the injury to the grain is slight The recent heavy snow found the soil in excellent condition and with the thaw practically all moisture soaked In. Wind In the early fall -did some dam age .In the light land districtA On Eu reka flat a three per cent injury, rang fng to five per cent In the most exposed sections, is reported. Umatilla county, Adams and some Franklin county dis tricts also report slight, damage. The general condition of fall, sown wheat In the valley, however, Is con sidered to be better than has ever been known here. Farmers report they will begin spring plowing within the next two weeks, pro vided a heavy freeze does hot come and make it Impossible to break the ground. Little Wheat Remains. ' Walla-Walla, Wash., Feb. 1. Only ap proximately 13 per cent of the Walla Walla valley's" 6,600,000 bushel wheat crop of 1812 remains in the warehouses of the valley, according to the esti mates given out by local farmers and grain dealers. Of this amount It is estimated nearly four per cent is owned by dealers who bought early in the sea. son and are holding to sell at a profit During the past week the local mar ket has not been as active as tt was last week. The price has slumped sev eral cents on both club and bluestem, and as a consequence few sales were re ported. ''t:;:. '-".'-.:....'.': Indications are that there will be lit tle or no wheat remaining In the valley by .the time the next harvest Is ready for the sacks. S - Money and Exchange, j -, London. Feb. 1. Consols. 76d: silver. 28 He; bank rate, 6 per cent . New-Tork, Feb. 1 Sterling exchange Long, 4.84; short, 4.88; silver bullion San ; Francisco. Feb. 1. Sterlings ex change Sixty days,; 4.82 , v sight, Transfers Telegraphic, S pr cent premium; sight, 2 per cent premium; New -York" Cotton' Jlarket.' v ; Open. High, Low. Close. -' Mar. v.,,1828 1234 1226 1229030 May July ,.;.1214 ....1208 .,..1192 1214 , 1208 ,' 1208M10 1210 Y? 147 ynWfiile' 1184 1185 11858 Aug. Sepf ;...n 1144 446 1137 11373 im.'llS469 uct : Dec, :.,M144 1144 ' San Francisco Grain Calls. 8an Francisco, Feb. 1. Grain calls:1- "i B74 KLB IF." ' ' 1 i . . Open. Close. May 1 3 1 H J 1 3 1 December-..;., .i...l...'..13i7i' 131 HESS ' IN 110. PUD Livestock Trade : Is Generally ..VV..WI unit fc.uxi.ii iivyo 1 Off Sharply With Another - Increase in Marketing, Here. ' . PORTLAND LIVESTOCK RUN . . Hoes. CaUie, Calves Sheep. fco, 1... 6153 1160 3 3954 Jan. 25. ...... .4296 1862 " 81 3802 Jan. 18 ..3243 1403 66 45U J"- " 7184 1131 13 ZU6 Jan- 2696 1260 25 . 2337 Jear ago ...... 991 - 1461 122 2839 2 years ago ..1450 ,1105, 84 399$' Whatever may have been other causes to change the condition of the livestock trade during he last week. K8lp.pro?hln, Lenten season was probably the important factor. . ii 8 cttl9 market which has " all along shown excessive 1 strength - at North Portland, -.was sfftw. weak and lowert In price for the week. -even fo?ward "ma - amUDt 0f tuf' came A4.KillfiVha.ve en euch liberal buyers Jh.&l Bt cotrf Points recently iv?.f 2&y:JLwm to have fonsotton the existence of --an open market at North f iff "i' V?n'Jtl'e onc Interested in the yards, failed to tome to its rescue by purchasing all its requirements here country x ..,'l hls. '? ntt osf hopeful sign for flthtl1810 ? -J he ?n market here. Perhaps the outside buying was forced S.t.theK,ack of "ufflclent offerings here. This, however, was a very easy matter to remedy because the regular commis sion men could Have secured the stock in the outside sections just as easily as the packets themselves. Their pur chases in the country naturally caused them to neglect the more limited of- renngs rrom the home section: a course I that is deplored generally by those who su num. v .pvo mo wiaLf uniana marxet the greatest in the country. , North Portland cattle range: !' Heavy feed seers ......... .$7.75(97.80 Choice steers , 7 ss Common stpprs , , , 750 Bpeyed heifers 7'go Fancy cows 7.00J7.25 1 ' Ordinary light cows 6.60 (u-6.75 Fancy light calves ........ 9.00 Heavy calves 6.006.fio Best- hulls ..........;.., 6.B0 Ordinary bulls ............. 4.50 5.90 Sharp Drop la Swine, , - Swine market values show a' break for the week. At the closing the market was flat at $7.50 for best offerings. The price here was passed by both Chicago and Kansas City during the latter part ! of , the week; the former quoting $7.70 for best while Kansas City was but a ' nickel lower. - - v . -, There was huge marketing" of hogs at North Portland during the week, This was the principal factor in forc ing the price tOv bedrock. The week's . . run was the greatest for three weeks and then was. only eclipsed for one -week. North Portland hog market range: Best light ..$ .-. 7.50 Medium light '7.45' Best heavv ' 7.45 Rough and-heavy ........ .. 6.50 7,00 Sheep Market is Holding. Little change was shown in sheep . market values at North Portland during the week. There was a slight increase in offerings over those of the previous six days. Killers are now retaining quite , fair supplies of ordinary quality but good stock is generally lacking and the probabilities are that this will continue in good demand. North Portland sheep values f , Best grain fed lambs $ 7.2R Ordinary lambs ..;.......,. T.OOV.IS . Best yearlings 6.25 Ordinary yearlings ........ 6.8S6.15 " Old wethers 5. 606.7(". Fancy ewes 5.00 5.26 Ordinary ewes 4.764.85 Monday Korning Bales, BTEEUS. Bayer- - - T. B. Howltt . BULLS. Schlester Broa. ............ . HOGS. Jamei Henry. At. lba. Prlra. 25 1160 $7.75 2 1355 $5.00 88 106 187 232 191 ' 181 . 196 i 205 234 130 141 8rt0 820 410 400 590 $7.85 7.85 T.7IJ ' T.T5 : T.73 7.75 T.Tfi 7.75 '; 7.70 7.65 T.8. James Henry 87 Union Meat 14 Union Meat i... ........101 Borton It Co. 101 Union Meat 07 Union Meat ................. 93 Union Meat 00 Union Meat ...'..... ., S3 P. U Bmitn 61 P. L. Smith 48." I'nlon Meat 8 James Henry 2 Union Meat 3 UbIob Meat 3 Jamea Henry- 1 7.25 6.5W , Monday Aftsrnooa Balea. . v, STEERS . Buyer. ' " ' , No. Portland Feeder Co... .... 2S Portland Feeder Co. ...... 24 Portland Feeder Co 24 Portland Feeder Co....... 24 Portland Feeder Co....... 23 T, K. Howett., ......... 2T Are. lb. 1138 1170 1208 1154 llf3 . '1144 1050 11X16 ! 900 -i una 800 Prlee. $7.7S 7.75 7.75 7.73 7.75 7.55 7.50 7.50 6.50 . 6.50 . 6.50 $6.50 6.50 6.60 6.50 . 0.00 $5.25 $7.50 --6.00- B. Petruld Farr Broa. Farr Broa. R. Petxold It. Petaold COWS Schleaaer Broa. ......... 1 ' 990 I'nioa Mcnt O). ......... 3 lone R. Petaold 3 ll.sa , Farr Bros 3 1178 B. retaold 8 . 1126 BW4J . v. B. Pettold 1 v 1300 HEIFERS' Fair Bror T..i.N...... ; t - 8BO Farr Broa. ............. 8 966 i Tueaday Xoralag Salai. -."- . --: HOGS Bnyer. No. Are. lba. Union Meat Co. ......... 78 195 Unlou Meat Do. , . . . . . . . . 2 380 rrlce. $7.75 , 6.73 (Continued on following page.) J.C.VILS0N&C0. MSMBZBS ' - -NEW TORK STOCK EXCHANGE , NEW TORK COTTON EXCHANGJffl ' CHICAGO BOARD OF TRADE ' ' THE STOCK AND BOND EXCHANGE! PORTLAND OFFICE - S 869 Oak St., Ground Tloor, Lswis Bldg. Phones 'Marshall 4130, A-4187. ; TSJaJtSPOBTATXOB. aBajawWtgaaajgwaaasfWainjiBMinaaBaiiiBa mMtmttfimmftt San Francisco and Lbs Angeles nit' . ' WITHOUT CHANGE. :, :.- 68. Baar Sails 4 p. mn rebruary 6. The San rranclaco m Portland S. S. Co. Tlcktt Office 133 Third St. - Phones Main B605 and A-8559. - COOSBAYLINE Steamer Breakwaier Salli from Alnawortb dork,, i'ortland; at 6' m., ;Nofeniber 26, and theiwafter efery Tik day.eTontng at 8 p. la. Freight recalved nntll 8 p. m , on aalllnff day: I'awnpter fare flrnt ela-lO.-atea ilaia $7, JaahMhor-lMrth -at- moala. Ticket otdc-o at Aluvorlh dtNk. Port. land A Cooa llay tileamalilp Line, Ii. lL. Keat- iUg, AgCUU ; Frnnr, t.i 1 .ryk irTTmrg1 t r n n 1 V tp1? . r