The Oregon daily journal. (Portland, Or.) 1902-1972, January 21, 1912, Image 56

The Oregon daily journal., January 21, 1912, Page 56, Image 56

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Newspaper Page TextTHE. OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL!, PORTLAND, SUNDAY MORNING, JANUARY '21 1912. i-r . i : ? ! .?'" .5V - , 'AT Who Is , the Tel P ftS ephone Girl WhoscCourteous i( . - : -. .' ' ' '1 ' ' ' ' ' ' Reply Greets the Subscriber Infinite Variety of : ello, k This: Central?' A A .when compared with the work of 'th operator from her poaltlon can connect V - A " .. . 1 1 tne . cnaracienauca inai 'inun sua, nvoipir, .in i nor am Duincp - , : Telephone Opmtorf Jfnsti . .. all 1 mAa A inLOrnin-Vlon UUriHlUI, l-umuiim WJWI M4 ..Mali's wwiiwiuwuni "Tiwlv. .mw Instantly executive ability rarely found In women. la asked the operator taps , the connec- Ca?maiJamlatakaia'Bum.' I or alt. i0' "j1, i.!?""? r.uc,d' ; k i A OV VlUiV V V IICUIQ.O K1' 10 m - wi wiiwihwi vi nwv who m mui ; Merer ring- the wrong party n a trunk line, i-" ' ;. Be courteous tinder the moat kever rush of sails. Know whether the party called :U at noma or 11 mi nunon. T ! T2T. -. . iiii iw relieve' her of part of tha work. Bho or ions distance cane alone., Each of .iMlmTorhooA 2 "uat studythe operatora. watch their theae has In front of her an Instrument 2 i!f? ar?BwlBf work, correct their mistakes and crush for meaaurln exactly the tima on- ! vv-L'itkM mtmii X out dlesenalon and favorltlani Beside aumed by a message. Thla Instrument T ---n?-..h-kVit" X th "w" receive and Investigate la the caloulograph. From the record "&5!J!m"eih- i-M w X complaints in regard to service, made by this machine the charges for 5 ' i. A!! -tn h 2 Pce the responsibility and determine long distance calls are computed. I , ISt 1 f hiLif X th cuw- - " PWta who call up to aak the time -aaa root or nimseir. . . Thcr i, one girl to every nine oper- whenever they have nothing- else to do Wrlttm for tha Sunday Journal by A. H. Harris. ; Tlf ab." e,U. "svloV" duty la to e.u.llse the ,; calls. Tralidng Sch 'rpcronally-tKiS, .cV.'n- J"!.?2J ,rP. rvium'BviHvuuw "( - ...i.to.t hi. nnantnr itnui this lor WDUia-ni operaram, ADDiicini) an there . is -not It grets . to be' a ,!.- Wnrk . Th tnnnitnv'la tha nt received at almost any time because tha this fuming 'f .Tf position, above the operator. From this telephone business Is growing-, always either to in growing. Certain physical quallflca- rery aama waaesmen.ioft, ers; she must never, fall to take, the operating. These are compiled la books Pi''' Un;iown- s6on aa the partlea are for the use cf students. There Is a -fi.i,hh rtngireg:ular tlm. devotedSfl i concret. pra,. for no tltuto. Portland malntu. a , training school times habit. ins Tnone. Dositlon aha is promoted It. Tha Buaymaa ml " . formation operator or to assistant ,ehlef tlons ara absolutely necesaary. A girl h t' "ie l?lePhon """.-J operator aither night or dayand must have good hearing and good sight -dear it; tha very last J from that to chief operator Jn one of Mid must ba able to move about with when he faUs to get hla pty tha v tha branch exchanges, and finally to e and rapidity. Toung women be- mlnute he utterathe numr ha swews. chef 0 tor 4t the maln 6xcnanKfc tween the agea of J8 and 25 are pra- Th tired. e70u f". w"' .7''1 Only one girl out of 26 makes a 'erred because results prove that they wn"l:u10 i!n,u!i,!ti annaaii to o operator, only one In 85 makes a have a sense of responsibility and are Ahm ZlU. 555 li-a? Paaie! f00 -Prtor. and tha girls ca- aUy Uught. ; f . nE,11l ! klfif th-dfiiwek Pbl monitor and chief oper- The training gohool Is in charge-of the butohef,- the biker, the w-rtor.wor.nnT.Uw-'rhoienor a principal, four regular Instructors. iT6 ve.JTtAiri Sh. worls under Ironclad Instructions that one long distance Instructor, and a kiemembraire answer prompUy; she, teacher of tha voice. The main work woman on tha block la trying" to gel . Iir.i.. i . h mUtAt i. v. iu - vua vary nuiv mwwwi - In thi nleturad In luxurious '.aase. fwmmllir """r by nUsaka; she must never put a aub- tlca with pracUca switchboard., Tela anim or eatlnr candy, and oulcKly reaa- . ,. . .nv. .v. .it n,on4tf tti.aiiT7-nM 11 nwt ba oourteoua under aU clr- arts, resolves Itself Into a uesUon of ' hen -say occasional a'. Pl ' cumstAnoes. . , , . memory and common sense. h languidly M pS-W t-- ' The company deema the training of JH.!.. Pmt,&m--M-CaL KxchMngfii tha voice f auch value ihat tt amploya long enough to-call-"Number, pleaser w vwbb muwius, Instructor solely for the mimosa of mallea aforethought. ho will answer wll find that a olty telephone exchange voice correctly. Xlne busy" or Party don't answer. i 0M ot the bustest places In all the m tach exchange there la a rest room this ia-really th way tha big, hustling world. In the main exchange and a library fitted up In genuine girls' Impatient; publlo looka upon tae we- tner, are about 150 operators seated style, with pennants and pictures and tohone operator. . '"- '-t. 't:j v. t om great desk that extends around cushions galore. Here the operators f. The hurried.: pajron of 1l'Pn" three sides of the room. Each girl Is spend In rest or pleasant paatlma the can never ba made to eUT nl equipped with . hearing and speaking 15-minute rest periods allowed twice pne-half of one -per oent ot me r"" apparatus fastened to head and chest, during the day. Some of the exchanges in calls are the fault V"a Dd ,n ro"t of - her, raised -vertically have lawns fitted up With croquet sets, Vet statistics worked out, front the desk. Is a board full of mys- In each exchange there Is a restaurant, jelephone exchanges show this to hi tarloug hple8 The horlsontal . top of where good, plain, substantial meals are ease. In other ,ratB1SIS" the desk Is fitted with various kinds served at cost price. Indeed, the prices faada about "brainless operators ia oui of BWitChes and lights, all quite be- are ao extremely low that It would a nempeet In a teapot . wllderlng and strange looking. As soon make some of us who are oomplalnlng n.l t- Tlrhon GirL" as a subscriber takes the receiver from so loudly now of the high cost of living JVho Ig tte " VI, T the hook the operator is signaled by a "sit up and take notice." ' Who Is the -telephone gin, .anyway, , ht Th e- ii.hts show In such ranld In the main exchanm. fchlnfl tha that, anybody houdJ!n8'r. succession lhat It takea memory and boards, is almost as Interesting as the au skui on me part or . tne operator to l t III ; When a number l i1 S I t i - .. i Mi "SfJ 1 Borne operators called 'A" operators i l, l 7 . rf . , ? i. v f ifV' 5 : y ' ' ' . r y room trlzsJ ' I , r f , l i; . I J u , x I t . is:.. . L. -u,i --'iS iW . J. 1 in - '.: v.w V V s U--rr' , K ' s - 1 j. CwCwatiai 11 "''in W.i.ir..riiv,.l , ' i & j nnnmanf "1 in- mi mr Yfitmnnm LJ AAluflA"-' A .t . essential thlna. and the requirement X Which makes first-class chief operators can only receive the request for the X so scarce. Her duty Is to see that , number, and transmit It to Another op- X things run smoothly. If she sees an erator called. MB" operatora, who con- X operator too rushed to keep up with nect the subscriber with ; the number v II C I HUtD ,UB U1UB. wiiw - ihuhvuj ... , v b V, i n l.'io k V vain ators called the supervising operator, .will understand why the exchange keeps or monitor. This girl walks behind the one operator whose chief duty it is to operators, keeping watch of the boards, keep the publio informed as to the exact She receives no calls unless the oper- time of day. or night. ator - needs some special ' Information. V - T-'1 the, exchange instantaneous service! 'And the Individual user mo " ' . 'in a hurry to be given a chance to apeak with John Smith. Everybody knows (that John Smith has but one or two men In the whole city whose busl ries relations are such that they desire 1 to speak with him over the telephone? Then why the needless, aggravating boards and the operators In front. answer -In proper order. The ordinary There are hundreds of cables holding thousands of tiny wires of many colore. Color plays an important part In wire laying. From the five colors blue, or ange, green, brown, a late countless combinations are mads. A wire Is tha same color throughout Its entire length. This helps to locate and repair trouble with facility. The wires connecting with subscribers In this room alone measure 663,000,000 feet, 106,712 miles or more than four times the circum ference of the erath. The word "hello" has been east out In disgrace from respectable telephone elrcjes. Subscribers may still cling to It as an opening signal, but the oper ators have dropped It from their vo cabularies forever. : The telephone system in its relation to city life has been likened to the nervous system of the body, and It Is a very good comparison. From any point of activity, either business or trouble, almost as quickly as the little nerves of the body carry the outside warnings to the brain, the little tele phone wire bears Its message to tha central exchange. We might change the comparison a little and call tha big exchange the . pulse of the city's actlv ities, for here we can measure exactly y the rise and fall of the, city's busi ness. Between the . hours of 10 and 11:30 a. m. and between the hours of 2 and B p. m. the city Is rushing Its . messages over the Una as fast as tho wires will carry them. Then there ia a lull. Later there la another rise, but for another reason. This time It Is about 1 o'clock In the evening, and it Indicates that the busy work-a-day world has washed Its face, dined and put aside Its bread and batter thoughts and is ready to begin the evening's 'diversion. The telephone's work is never done, Uke the steady old clock, it works 2e hours In the day. There Is no time when the management .can put up tha shutters and leave a note on the door "Back In an hour." Like the proverbial brook, it goea on forever. . Any hour of the i night a fully equipped office Is ready to take the hurried message for the doctor, carry, a message to friends or tell, the time as the hours slowly pass. t In tables made up on reports of thou sands of errors charged up to scores Of exchanges it is shown that the aver 'ga operator at the switchboard maks ViIt Mitikea a day. And this In the RAISING CHICKENS BY MACHINERY, COMMENCED BY EGYPTIANS, IS REVIVED IN MODERN TIMES T telephone operator she is nrsi given a jnrm, gg8. indeed, some of the in- tail and their patience. Town i blueprint of " the board to memom. cubator operators are said to be so as well as those living In the vAfter she as a general Idea or tne BkiUfUi tat at the end of a week they are making money raising ehlckei i construction and operation of the tioara can u niereiy by. feeung an egg extensive plant Is not needed, if . a M.4.k nna nf thn ... .. .. ... ... (HERE Is nothing essentially mod- using them. Professional men, living In ern In the plan of hatching chick- suburban communities, are finding that ens without the aid of mother amateur poultry keeping Is greatly hen. The Egyptians wero using simplified by the use of an incubator.- lnnuhatnra In tha tima nt r?lao- Rvan npfinla 11 vtn o in tha lara-av rlttaa Aiwce of the fact that she calls thou- patra They have the same kind now are learning that aa Incubator and a aanda of numbers, and url"s" therunn great clay ovens, each of which holds brooder make It possible for them to- ' hours is fairly deluged with work, u Beverai thousand eggs. One incubator hatch and to raise chickens In a Tory aU goes to show that the operator gcrveB a whole community; all the far- limited area, , ; knows what she Is doing when the pa- mers toT ,nUes around bring their eggs Hundreds of women are successfully atroa is thoughtless enough to fly ort to ba natcned- The man in charge la operating incubators. Indeed, women the handle." an expert. He knows Just how to regu- seem especially adapted to this kind of "When a girl applies for a place as late the heat an(1 how t0 test out the work, because of their capacity for de- telephone operator sne is urev i' infertile eggs. Indeed, some of the In- tail and their patience. Town women. country. ' chickens. An ha ta "nlllteed UD" With One Of tilO .,,. rnf.ln, . ll... ,.V,l,lr nr tint rnhotn. la iiaa A n finllii.ro' oallaf A older, operators, where she listens to the Egyptlon methods are too cumber- even a room In the dwelling bouse, may A conversation between the operator aim ome for Ore(?on poultrymen, however, be used for the machine. It is , the ' subscriber, Jeaming the voice Besides, tho climatic conditions of thla neoessary, though, to - Install ; a .aounds and telephone terms and exprea- country mak6 artificial Incubation a machine which conforms to the re- 4lona. Then she is taken to a DianK mui;h moro compieK matter. The lncu- qulrenienU of the Insurance under, 'bosltlon and an operator calls numners Dator a, Jt u known n this country, writers. An Insurance man ought to be scattered all over the board, ana irom reprnte y.ars of investigation and consulted before a machine la set up In .'all exchanges, so that when she experimenting. The perfect Incubator a how eo that no mistake shall be a number she knows where to iocat nas ot yet been eTOivea; Dut many of made. Most Incubators sre heated by Jt Next she goes on a board wun the mach,e on th. market are doing means of oil lamps; but there Is a kind another girl, where there are compar- wonjerfuIly efficient work. These ma- which can be connected up with an elec atively few calls, and lerns the actual chfnM have pr0ved to be a great boon trio service In any house that la wired 'work of the operator. Then she tanes to thougan(j8 of pouitry keepers, ama- for electrlo lights, th ooard alone. tours as well as professionals. - Hatching chickens to be sold when a The length of time it tanes a girl indeedi th, tremendous expansion of day old is a new Industry that is grow to learn Js from two to lour weeks tne pouUry in3u.trjr jn this country Ing rapidly, and one whlchT offers ho aependlng on ability. The average age ,n the la8t few year, would hot have little profit to women who have become 'of the girls layabout -0. It taiies tn bfen po8lDl6 without the Incubator, skilled In the operation of an lncuba- ' average girl at least a year to become Chlcken, are now hatch by the thou- tor. There are many amateur poultry a proficient operator. , The "eps in Bandg wher formerly they wers keepers who keep Only a few hens, and promotion ai . rather slow. The nm atched by tn, hundreds There are would rather buy chickens than batch etep p the ladder Is that of relief BlnK,e mammoth machines with a ca- them. , f ..operator. Every girl Is ailowe" 8f,v" paclty of 16.000 egga One can well There Is good profit In selling day era! short rests during the day the uriaerg(anj tnat the management of a old chicks at 10 and 15 cents each and she goes on regular timp, usually in the e.peclRlly when It IS remembered that pie call them, may safely be shipped ayenlng, and soon she is made a reg- fluc,uatjona ln temperature must bs for many miles. They do not require V'Sfru- y o.iila na';;t-..n t0 th minimum, and that every food until they are 48 hours old. as 5. aSitti. t-Tithnl eg must b turned every day, And they are nourished by the yolk of the lif.lw !nrL-i aii Zul J!,, think what It means to have thousands egg remaining in their bodies when they or their shells. Skill can be Only by experience and suc not won In a day. .Fortunately, ;ilh?e anracfivaS I rlS! think what It means to have thousands egg remal trA'lbu&iSa ot wet- he,p,e" "Ml ch'cks slmultan- break out att? ii"rtink .t pecking their-way-out of their acquired n yotf stopped to think what it meant, tiny Driaons! cess ia no And If you did stop to think about It lny uoa1 the price oa:-?ir-', w"n..1 Amateur. Scope Smaller. gtve you John Smith's number offhand however, Is only one phase of the it- ";Va a ufl-'iJ?iti.i iT...im.;t (. becsuoe John . Smith's number was one dustry. The amateur Is more interested f initial investm ent vi ino vw v iiivia uuuiuci mi in in a iiiicnuia mil win accuiumouaie m, TTM.rtta J ' V ,1a her head, right where she can find from 60 to several hundred eggs. . And. , tneap Macnineg unwortny. them on the lnatant, , u matter of course, there are hun ; It is a mistake to buy anything but a r.,,,1,. o.r rtM.raA " ' dreds of these smaller machines to one first class machine. The matter of a I'uucg oi v,mci vperator. cf niammoth pneportions. All kinds' of few dollars , difference In price means W ondorfut as this work of the In- beonla are maklna- motiev with tha lit- llttla. when a mar.htna full of valnahla formation operator Is, It, la almost play tie machines. Farmers everywhere are eggs la at stake. There are two types- price required to purchase experi ence need not 'be large; for incubators are not expensive, and It la much bet- to one operated with hot water, and the other with hot air. Comparatively lit tle attention is required by either kind; but that little must be raref ulrjr gtven. The lamp must be kept clean and filled, and the wick properly trimmed. The eggs must be turned regularly, or the contents will adhere to the membrane of the shell; but in the best machines the traya are so arranged that this operation can be performed rapidly. The eggs must be examined several times during the period of incubation, ln order, to test out those which are not fertile. This testing la done by placing the egg between the eye and a strong light; after a little experience it becomes pos aible to tell at a glance whether the egg contains a live chick or a dead germ, or whether .lt Is Infertile. Air except the first kind are, of course, removed. Some poultry men become so expert that they can detect the presence of a decayed egg before a machine is opened. Others have special .devices for testing -out the unhktchable eggs; but tho ama-' teur usually obtains the most satisfac tory results by using a tube like device, larger at one end than at the other, , which cuts off all the light coming be tween the eyes, and the egg, and leaves only that which shines through tha egg itself. By using this device. It is possi ble to test 100 eggs ln a short time. 3ood Ventilation Necessary. , The machine should be placed where the ventilation la good, and should not stand ln a draught ; Draughts affect the temperature of the inoubator, and cause the lamp to burn unevenly. The aim of the operator 1 to keep the tem perature within the egg chamber close to 103 degrees, throughout tho period of Incubation. The temperature is shown on a little thermometer Just, above the eggs, and visible through tha glass door of the egg chamber Somo machines are fitted with a tiny electrlo light bulb. 1 so that the Interior may be illumined at any time by touching a button. ' This makes It possible to read the ther mometer clearly, even at night ' . i - ' When chicks emerge from the shells they are weak and wet, and should not be removed from the machine until they. ; have become thoroughly dry. It Is sel dom advisable to open a machine for tha purpose of helping chicks that are hav ' ing difficulty in -pecking- their way ; to freedom. A chicken which is not strong enough to obtain 1U liberty unaided, is. as a rule, not worth bothering with.. It is necessary that the eggs to be used In an incubator should be care fully selected. Brown and white eggs should not be placed in the same ma chine, for the former have thicker shells, which are' not so qulokly affected by heat and moisture. A Nation Poisoned By tne Ills of Poverty (Continued from tho First Page of this Section.) . Is deficient in energy. The: other is now national legislation on the subject Abnormally large whera there la an actual lack of tissue in seven different countries. . . " eggs, and those which are rough and 111- where the child that is being stunted "Jn the United States malnutrition shaped, should be rejected, and an at- does not come up to th normal stand- proves, decidedly a problem, an issue tempt made to have uniformity in slxv ard of Its aga And Its race; for it must springing at once into leading Import as wall as color. ; always be remembered that th hered- ance. It appears In 10 per oent of our The sooner the eggs are set after be- fty which Is confirmed Into racial char-, achool children. Next to eyestrain and Ing laid, the better, That la where the aoterlsUcs constitutes a factor of prime bad .teeth, malnutrition Is th physical Inoubator scores a point over the .hen. importance In Judging the development ifect which constitutes our children's The machine can' b started at any of the young. V ...i..-:,imoat. certou-a '.-handicaps .That.-paraent timet but biddy will not sit until she , "In, England, where all school, chn. of one. tenth of the toUl school pop gets good and ready. One may purchase aren must be observed and reported on, .ulatlon ia. no mere arbitrary figure. It a lot of valuable eggs and have them a method Of classification Is employed ' as a result of atudles conducted deteriorate greatly before enough ''set- that will convey very clearly the five n 10 typical American cities, Includ ting" hens to cover them can be round- classes Into which all children may b -n'NeJL.York. -n . v . ail tin. And than.' ana ran rmmr feel XliriAjul an4 ft ta an -M.r,. tnn In Chicago the number IS hi r her. certain that a hen Is going to gtlck to 'the careful study which has been given T1h1?-anali!! the condition of 10,090 her task, even when she has finally to the subject aetiiea aown on a comropiaoie nesuut tirade l Kxoeilent. ' Stature and growth A tiaalthy riant. of fine agga An incubator on th other hand. Is entirely at the command of the onerator. Heat Must Be Watched The heat should not be Nutrition Excellent muscular neve! . opment. . . Circulation and, complexion Ruddy . and bronzed. ...''': Grade Z children, there. In the different grades and all typical of the general popula tion, showed a total of 1178 Individuals who were underfed, the. bulk of them being of the commonest age of th school child, 6 to 10 years old," and in the grades ranging from the kinder- ten up to the third. The cold, hard , Good .- j . I . iaoie woicn summarises that analysis is stature ana growth wen grown. oruuani mio pmiui, living reality when NutritionWell . nourished, healthy, we recall the 1 pallid, deformed, thin Circulation and complexion Healthy, creatures who are included in the Slav Dink. Grade ""'',.'Vv.'.1' Fair or average. v .. btature and growth -Average. Nutrition jvieoium, nlflcant numerals the -vast maloritv of . that poor, hungry horde of helpless little things, starved or half starved during the very years when their bodies and Circulation ana Complexion Average, ineir Drains most desperately need the Grade ,4 -x".'.' v';.?,-';'',--;.-:- ai'-a v;-'--t. . " "ustenanc nature craves: A.. : ;. ir?9'llM;':LL'ClJ-A2M Number Pereentara ?tore ana ,gino uuy. , - - Orade " . Underfed. TrndarfaJ isuiruion nn,,,or ivi snu ;; oy Kindergarten .,4..., 70." " 16,5 allowed to rise above 103 degress, and 101 is bet tor for the first, week. ; Of course It may occasionally ; run , i considerably higher for a short time, without caus ing ill results. -'' " It is better to err en th eld of too low, rather than too high, a tempera ture; and It Is necessary to cool the eggs night and morning after the third day. , , Many amateurs do not sufficiently 1 a. B . . . . tMaa ....... . a cooi ineir eggs, i nis process neips to i Circulation proauce rooust cnicas, out a few mm- sallow. utes are ample- until tne end or the Grade first week, when more time may be ' Had. given.:' A good plan Is' to place momittr on tha tn. ' a.hd in thtm to the machine when tho mercury -cffculatlon anaTo 'nn New York city, when two typical has dropped to 86. ts, ' k Zi.fi "Studies of malnStriUoti l th. UnU00 f Pfd .rlng the in Hatching chicks with an inoubator ia ted States, do not impress the average ?ft,fatlonir t was remark- an operation that presents no dlfflcul- man as being a very Important aubpeot tht ,d,eP,t the radical racial dif tip that ran nnt ha vrnnm. k i. . . .i.- vr r,-.un. i.ii h. f erenoes, , the percentages of malnutri- teillgence -andr- Ca'aMany :.Lt allures; mind a a probltsm whloh-might arise 'D" ""ouio : same wne or tnese which are. blamed on the machine are at some time in the future, but would fchC0.,B attended almost exclusively really due to poor eggs or carelessness, not for a long period, prove a . real, . Italian - and Jewish par- The Incubator Itself has ; proven its vital factor to us. in the orosnerous the other school s , attendance worm. nas maae possioie tne tre- United States, v. : , - ,. 7 mendoua development of the duck In- - "But once th Investigation Is be- dustry, 100,000 ducklings being hatched-gun, Ks immediate urgent neoeaalty be in one plant In a single season. - There comes obvious and it - ramifications probably would be no ostrich farms in prove enormous. Ther are fully 1000 this country were It not for. the in-, pages of solid material for reference cubator. Turkey and goose eggs are In official documents from Kna-iand sometimes machine hatched. An lncu- alone. Reports 00m from (I cities in V and oomSlexlon-Anemto, U0l)3 i'ZlulV. 236 ' -'i'.' Iv.V ';: :.: !;,. Third giads i6 .. j'.., Kourth aTada 01 ertlr and ..t0r!!l?!? NufrTtfonlverr thin. . V p , New T(irlr VJ 10: ii . was . as pronouncedly . Irish-American. The children examined numbered 2160, of whom 183 were marked cases of mal nutrition cases ln which malnutrition stood out above ail other physical short comings. - The poor little wretches av eraged a weight of nine pounds less than the normals for their ages." snake eggs--a practice which, although ters In Franoe. 1 It towers as a-world Ther may ba something in the thory not common, shows th possibilities of problem. ' with the world so anxiously that th angels are back ot the stars artificial incubation. .v- endeavoring to solve It that there is -especially ln th theatrical business.