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About The Oregon daily journal. (Portland, Or.) 1902-1972 | View Entire Issue (May 28, 1905)
... preparation, tha Lewis ana Clark 1 was vntuaiiy. seised upon .by the Or- y - . - - v-i ' " - - ' --V -kV- f1- '',; ' - ' ' -?- vi WX" ''-.';1.-v -.v.-: -": , , :.' vi -'- .-f-j-t..---i "" iwUiiin imfflpniin ih'iim.ii im lli.iii.ln.i iinni.tir n. y.-ir mm in I t . ." "i ' ' ' ' ' ' '' ' .' ' ' .'"- ' lv' V:'-. .. - CJ i ;i,' SrM ; ' " : 1 tha Lcwla and Clark . At 1 o'clock nxt Thursday aftar- noon PreHtei)t"HooBevelt wllt 'preaa a -olJatMlraptr trey at hla lea In tlia 3vh!t Jl9uae.-JBfbich Ul Mt in motion th. machinery of the eiposltlon, mora ' 'than 8.000 mllra away. But a tha per vonal and official repreaentatlva of the praaldent at the openlaa- axerclaea. Vioa. Pral1ent Falrbanka wlH b preaecttat Portland and wljl maka tha principal ad. 3r cf 1h liny lnnnri trTA frlr nn equal to thone which, WQUldL b tiftowel upon Mr. Rooaavelt were tha . lattef aba to ba preaent. united Btatea senator ciarenc.jxos ow on: ciaiaop, a. monument to , -Clark of. Wyoming will repreaent the - senate. .. and Congreaaman Jamea' A. Tawney of Minnesota will apeak on be- . half . of tha - house . of . repiwaentatlvea. Several other United Statea senators and t congressmen will, .attend , the opening "' ceremonies. Mayor Oeorge H. Wllllame, tha oldest msyor in tha United States. enow In hla eiahty-thlrd year, will de liver an addreaa, "givlng'Iha freedom, of tha city to the gueata. .' , : President H. W. Goods of tha Exposi tion company will formally declare the MpOBlt1on openv Governor Oeorge K. Chamlierlaln will welcome the visitors - to Oregon. . oovornor cnamDeriain nas t.roclalmed June 1 a. holiday throughout - - Oregon. Tha governors of Waahlngton 3f.and Idaho have dona like tas-Xor-their rtatea. -.-Thua the three states carved t out of tha "Oregon country." which wee added to the United Btatea aa a result of the excMdltlon of Lewla and Clark. ', have recognised In ar signal manner the' Importance of tha exposition. . Portland expects from 80.000 to ?5. 000 people to attend tha exposition on opening day.-- Kxourslona are to la run for the event. from scores of cities and towns In the Paclflo morthweat. In Portland buelnesa will be to soma exr . tenrnuspended for the .day. : ' The enterprise represents an outlay of approximately T ing the exhibits, which re worth proba- toijnhf" times" as much. The United " Btatea government has expended' nearly ' "OO.OOfl, helng, represented, by all buildings "and aeveral "outdoor 7eaturea. lr haa been Pine yeara since Dan Mc i Allen' conceived the idea of a world's felr to be held In Portland, In tha mld- . die, west people date otfEureewees from J98, the year of the Columbian expoat . tlon. In the Tactfto northweat people .will date everything for half a century .. 'from the year H05. ' 1 Aa haa teen the' case with many, of -.-tha greatest- plans of men, 4he 4dea -tf r:'thLiewls and Clark exppaltlon dldtiot I, "4 ':. -1 :w:n:n rr ..tj i : ' - r r : , w TFrbni!heV'ashIngton Btar. o NE reads almost every week in tha newspapers of the rinding of a "petrified", human body. Hufh a thing neyerfldana never will exist. Nevertheless, so dense 1s the nonular Ignorance of auch mat- ... r,. . 1 L?'- 3T-i - - r-'f UX--- - - No Human Body-Ever Petrified Jj " " trs and so ready the human mind to be deludedr-that, reporta-of -4hla klnd re commonly accepted as facta. It would be well If they conld be -deprived of credibility for all future lime by the publication 'pf a few truths ion this sub- - Ject. ' ' ' - . ' 1 'In the first place a "petrification" is riot, strictly apeaking. a transformation of the original animal1 or plant Into atone. It is merely a replacement of the ".organic tissue by mineral substance. , Ai each particle of- the plant or animal de , oays and dlsappeara its plaos is taken, '; usually in water or mud. by, a particle of mineral matter depoalted ' from the water which has held It In suspension. Thus the perishable original la changed Into Imperishable Stone, preaerving its . form and even Its structural appearance . when cut into. . - By iueh means have, the skeletons ' Of animals millions of years old been ' '. preserved In the rocks of the everlasting 1 ' 1 hills, so thst they may, be reconstructed . today as they were ages, before man ' appeared -on the, earth. ' But it Is only the bones that are In thla way kept, . never - the- rieshrb'causer'watrr.. cannot rZZ" Prcol'ats through It..-In the same way w hole foresta of trees In the Yellowstone 'teglon and elsewhere are changed Into, jfj ngate and'olher forms of stone, the hol low logs of the forest Sprimeval being often found filled with beautiful crystals l . . of quarts and amethyst. ' .. The cliffs that border the eastern ' Jjraneh of the Yellowstone river afford ' view of a scries of such forests burled j ' ton top of., one another. The lowermosl :. level was . originally a wooden -plain, liX hundreds -of - thousands ' of years ago. Volcanoes burst forth In the neighbor hood, and It was overwhelmed by their , debris. J On top thalatter fresh, trees - took fdot and grew,' to be In their turn burled by subaaquent eruptions. This r sort f thtng continued through century ' after century, until 4.0CO feet of accumu "' latlons were hesped above the forest . at ths bottom. Beneath the hills thus formed water flowed, as it doe constantly through the """r1 earth's crust. The burled trees gradually . ' decayed. and their decomposing sub "" stance was replaced by mineral matter, transforming them Into stone. ' After i , '.-'" 1 of pommemoratlm tb aaniennlel a- ik l- - - i -. - , . , -1 hi i i , , 1 1 i . 1 u i' mmmmmm i i" i i insr- - i expedition Lawla and Wllluua-i'lark which opened ap the great Oregon country to aettlera. and enabled the United State to make her wily acq trtattnn of territory fiyTlfht of dlacovery. . Tha event wae certainly worthy an expoaltlon in Jta honor, and the. hlatoricat aoclety waa not elOTfto real lie th. A)eeembei 18. 100. tlKTW reaalutlona Introducrd by the lata L. n. cost declaring It to. be the purpose of tha aoelety to erect in 1905.onthA.JiUa Captains Lewis and Clark. Tha reaolu tlon further recommended the holding of a Northwestern Industrial exposition In Portland during that year, and - urged the governor to ask tha . legislature to take action on the subject at Its next aeaslnni and to forward a copy of the resolutions to ' the- governors of - the staty nf. Waslilngtoiy-idaho. -Montana and-Wyoming with an invitation to those statea to participate. The resolu tions also asked .the Oregon, delegation In congress to advocate national partic ipation in the exposition. - --The action of 4 he historical society waa shortly . followed' by the appoint ment of a., provisional committee of 21 Portland business- men td promote the expoartlon, and February liriJorrJrMT Long, chairman of this committee, ad dressed the atate house of representa tives In favor of concurrent resolutions endorsing the enterprise -andpledging financial aid from the state. Theae resolutions were adopted by both houses. They provided also that tha . governor ahonld appoint five - commissioners - to repreaent Oregon, Invited' the . other states of tha Paclflo northwest to ex hibit, and requested congress to make an appropriation and invite foreign coun- trie, to make official partlclpat!on.f JThe- commission appointed Henry E. Ankeny, Judge C. B. Bellinger, Senator C. W. Fulton and E. E. Young. The .states of Waahlngton,. Idaho, Mon tanai. .amly.tah and the province of British' Columbia" also appolhled com" misaloners and the commissioners held several Joint meetings, at one of which they adopted thejiame.ror the- rairr"The Lewis can and FaclfterKxposftlon." The words "And Oriental Fair" were aftcrwaTda added in order to take advantage of a law enabling the city of Portland to levy s tax In favor of an oriental fair. -Theaa- preparations,-while-important. had bwu'eaHyrtmry--rrniinary: ana New York State Building. "ward TheTeIlowstdne river cul down through the strata formed of volcanic debrla in the manner described. For thousands snd thousands of years the great, stream plowed out Its bed, until todayThs latter is a cut 4,900 feet deep ll. h Captain. Merrlwelher f '....: L .t-',. .: ; V- - '. yVVrtU .JL.i. JS- . " ' ' " 'lr. ';':"r7-:r "'f'l'""- '. V ' , 'v T'.-l a canyon walled in by towering cliffs. And as one looks upward at those cliffs the burled forests are plainly to be seen In the successive layers 'composing them. They ran be counted easily, tha reckon ing carrying the observer back to the very- night of time, when real dragons and chimeras dire walked on the earth, swam jn the seas and flew In the air. Nearly all the treea which lino these wonderful cliffs are turned Into agate. One can climb up and knock them off, as they break readily Into sections. Many of them, which were hollow before they were buried, are filled with beauti ful crystals Of quarts and amethyst, Water, percolating into such hollow t run Ira, brought partlclea of silica, whirs formed themselves Into crystsls, finally filling up the cavities. It Is In hollow parts of burled fees that nearly all ex isting crystals of amethyst and quarts were originally formed. They are treas ure which were hidden away by the hand of nature in old logs snd stumps. Amethyst, of courses Is merely quarts crystal with a little coloring' matter from metallic oxides, 7. r- Jauchof -the -a gat Ixed afldJasperlxed wood found In various parts of the west waa thus -transformed under ' water There Is a fossil forest of such material at, Los CerDIos. iNew Mexico and', an other at Chalcedony Park, Arlsonav Ter ritory! This is argely used for orna mental purposes.: The' trees fell and were submerged, being slllclfled in the manner already described. While this was going on,, spores of fungi floated Into 'the cracks, in 'the trunks and branches, germinating and extending their threads of mycelium through the decaying wood. r'These threads are s(ni visible In ,ths fpettifled" the - word ''fossilised' Is considered preferable- substance, ramifying through the cells "of the wood. The water also brought salts of Irotv; In solution. -which.-were secreted by the fungus, and afterward deposited by It, tttus enriching tha color ing of the fesslllsed sti-ueture.-, . I roll.- being plentiful tomahy . rocks and readily soluble, often replaces or ganic substances and form fossils. la the department at prehistoric: anthropol ogy at the Bmlthaonlaa institution la preserved a human skull of Iron, which ... ' ' ' " ; ' L -rl .' ' , ' '. r" ' '' '. . '. -T-'r-: ; Te Mia-Terrace.-:.,.- ' : ' z'::z-7.'M,.v""r"'-'- tha f lrat real progress toward- establish ing the enterprise -on a buslaese basis was made when, on October 12, 1901, a corporation waa formed to carry on- IheJ project. Ths capital stock of the eot- 11st of Portland's most enterprising and prominent bualneaa and professional men.: ' H.' W.. Cdrbett, Samuel Connell and J. M. Long were appointed to open a-trtoTrfeeBran:t8y--gasl to ni aid in making a canvas a committee of 85 leaOingClUaana. Ths canvaa Waa" begun November 84. Two daya later ti committeahad secured sub scription to Ihe amount-dfJ40.0D07t,uouia be exploited atthe expoaition at Thus did the people-of Portland rally to the cause. Their generous support. amounting td almoat 14 for every man, woman and child within the cltyjlmiu at th-41mer put lha exposition on Jta financial- fcefc Tha-expoeWlOn-eotnpaRJ was 3ug ouTdf a hYlTetde noFTohg s'go. Not only haa Iron replaced the sub stance of the bone, but the brain cavity is filled with the metal, so that the skull weighs many pounds. The hill In Iron ore, of ..course, Shells, Inclosed In the strata of hills; are -.sometimes transformed Into opal by a. process of fosslllzatlon, opal be ing merely a form of quarts. Petrifica tions, properly termed fossil remains, of plants are readily distinguishable In beds of coal, so that It Is eaatly deter mined from what sorts of giant ferns and other trees the coal was originally formed.- Among the most ancient of fossils are numerous' insects, which, despite the delicacy of their structure, havo- been preserved through millions1 of years, for the Instruction of a modern-generation, the very fluff . on -the wings of the primeval moth being plainly distinguishable., ."-""i . Moat of the bodies reported In the newspapers as- found "petrified" sre examples' of .a phenomenon long famil iar. They have been . transformed not into- stone, "but Into a substance called "adipocere." or grave wax." : This is a true. soap. Into which, tha corpse of a human being Lw,IH ordinarily - be-meta-morphbsed if Jjurled-Jn-a- graveyard or 'other place wlir. water, -naar access to it. , ' This adipocere Js one; of the most en during of substances.: If is mot sub ject to decay, and thej body which, has assumed thts-eonstruetkMnmsy preserve Its form fdr-many years, an even for centuries nay, for ages, since evidence on the point has been obtained from ths nrthoccras. a mnllusk ' that oecame w tinct millions of years ago. of large slae, and built after the pattern of the chambered nautllu-J, bufwitn a strslght shell. v ' -- . -In shells of tha orthoceras ha been found adlnncere the flesh of the animal transformed into the soapy" substance- descHUwd. , which would thus appear t havo been preserved intact from the Silurian epoch until now. ', ' "I havs loved snd lowtr-!ned the man In black suspenders. i -Hw and,'' aald the sympathetic friend. "You loved the - beautiful igtrl a-vUosi her-r. J ", - "No, I mart-ted hr, and over since- I have lost all loose Changs I 1U In my rest," . 1 -r .. ... r3 - was overcapitallxed. Tha capital stock of , the corporation was Increased from $300,000 to $500,000, at a special meet ing of the stockholders held on February 14, 1903. Of the capital r stock about soribad. With. i the exposition an assured fact because of tha excellent financial back? fng, the stockholders proceeded to for mally organise ths company on a work- tors weraelectadr-and -onrOatbber I of ' the same, year the number was increased to 26. At a meeting held August IS It wss decided - that - Tfrnn'a rfamirraa Osaka. Japan, in 1902- Colonel Henry E, Dosch was appointed apeolal commis sioner and anappropriatton of $4,000 was made from the funds of the corpora- i meanTenKmrnwOKar a comlnaHxTtion Svaa his I'wm done Jfter lonaTcon! tiia waa aone arter long con - It was' In site for th chosen. Thl aldoratlon, the contrmnlwted sites belrg City park, I4awthorn- park, Uutverelty nark and .Willamette helghii ter waa finally chosen, embracing 402 aoreS o land and lake In nortbwestarrt Portland, directly opposite the' highest point reached by Lewis; and Clark on April 8. 1806.- " Tha-winter- of 1908 waa an- eventful srfoT-thrTTrpoBltton.- In thHtrwlnter the" state appropriated $460,000 for tha farrnnd' $ftO,000 -to enable Oregon tio Pfir tlctpate Jn the Louisiana Purchase expo- Bltion. " ' . -rrr: - i . ..; -- Tha.buXJjy-.wMch the money waa ap propriated -"wa signed by Governor Chamberlain January 30 and February , according t the proy 1 slnn-of . IliULvl, W. E. Thomas, Fortlwnd;' J. HAlbert, Williams, Ashland: O. Y. Harry, Port Raf fertv.-Portland : J. C. Flanders. Port land; Richard Scott.MllJsa4l4erH5T--trr -4-otrngrEugene. S. A. Lowell declined and C B. Wade was appointed In his place. , The commission met Informally March 13, organised provisionally with Mr. Young as temporary president ' and Henry E. Reed as temporary aecretary, and on the- follow Ins day-met with, the board of dlrectora and approved the alte. With the close of March also closed the work of H. W. Cprbett, who had been president of the . corporation since Its organization, had made the first sub scription of $18,000 to the stock, and had carried the enterprise aafely through ths preliminary atag'S. He' tendered his resignation on March 80, hut It waa not accepted. On tha following day lie died. ' i i Preliminary" work In preparing -the Senses of Birds and Beasts IT Is the destiny of all wild birds and - beasts to be forever preying upon eaj;hoth?r, And to Je preyed upon. , Accordingly nature has not neg lected to provide them(('wlth keenly de veloped special ; senses to aid them in avoiding their enemies and perpetuating the existence of their species, ss well ss.to assist them in preying In their own turn. - All down the line, from the hugest animals to the.: most. Insignificant In sect the law of tha survival of the fittest spurs on theae creatures uncon sciously to Improvs their best natural means of. attack and defense. The horse, the' deer -and other- long,-cleanlimbed species, which do not prey on otlier animals, but are preyed upon In a wild state, have .constantly groWn swifter of foot through the ages, as flight la their only means CT defense. Certain blrda ' and anlmala are aet apart from most" others through a spe cial adaptation of their senses or Some one particular sense-i-to ths needs of the chase and of their own preserva tion. ' Moat birds havs very perfect eye sight. I.t is the sense upon which they almoat wholly rely. """Their" senses of taste .and smell seem dormant. Trie owl. being a night bird,- haa eyes which gather every possible be m of light. Each Is set In a dlsc-Uke nest of shining white feathers, which serves as a re flector, sending and focusing beams almost imperceptible, to' human eyes direct upon the pupil, and enabling the bird to wee quite well In ths darkest night, I i " . Tho eyes .of birds, set ss they are one on each aids of ths head, enable them to have everything above, behind, in front and beneath always within, their field of observation. The hungry hawk, poised triotlonlesj in mld-alr, sees every bird and creaturevbeneath, and Is only watting an opportunity to strike. The birds see him. too. , Ths Joyous aong is hushed ,ln ths thicket, while those In the open cower low to 4h ground, to escape detection or flit uneasily about In search of mora secure cover, and woe betide the careless ' or luckless wight thst exposes, himself through, nervous ness or lack of caution1 within range; of the meteor-like descent of ths feathered hunter. With? the reptiles: ant.: four-footed creatures It is otherwise. Tha snsks creeping cautiously about, his kcn Uttlt j ground began in February, 1908. March 30 tha board created tha office of super vising architect with a board of consult-4 Ing architects and employed John C. Olmstead of Chicago to plan the ly- I ing out of Hie expuiltlou grounds. The atate commission was formally organ ised May 2, ... and .. elected Jefferson Myerspresldent and Henry' E. Reed temporary secretary. ' On the following ' - J " V .'...J.'' J . v. oi. V J elecTThgWf E. Thomaa first "vioe-presl. dent and J. C- Havely. secretary. Mr. Havely subsequently resigned' snd Ed mund C. GHtner was appointed in his place. On June t the secorid annual meeting' of the stockholders waa held, "and the following board of directors was eleoted: II. W. Bcott, I.N. Flelachner. A. ' L. Mills, Samuel Connell, Adolph Wolfe, J. C:t Alnsworth.' O. Bates, A Bush, I KDevere-.-Ferdinand " Dreg geir-Wrrlr. Kenton. " Leo Friede, Charlea E. Ladd, I . . . . . T ,.r Robert Livingstone, Tr'. K. A. J. Mc Kenxle. Rufus ,MaHory. -W. D. Wheel- 1 W 1 1 sht. '.y. w; Cotton, John ' O'ShyiV. jamea a. Mioy, u. w. itionia, n. van Puacn. Taul W'esalngr. Mr. Whecl- V tj1 .V. Amencan EE From ths Chicago Tribune. THE American who has run the gamut from sloe-gin highballs to - poets' dreams. - imbibed every thing from a Tom Collins to bour bon with a dash of bitters, is merely an amateur ' drunkard compared with the array of drinks that are served to the nations of the world.- -: There are listed 843 American .drinks, whereas there are 11.754 mixed and straight drinks that havs never been served In the United Statea. Emll Ne- ralre, compiler of these records, has spent 8 years in the work. Every one of -the drinks he describes is Injurious to a greater or lesser de gree and each one aids in the defenera tion of the people who use them except, possibly, a fermentation of goat'a milk found in northern Siberia and a wild honey fermentation discovered in central Australia. He records IT races of men among -whom alcoholic) beverages are un known snd proves, to his own satisfac tion at leaat, that theae peoples are ths happiest and healtheat on earth. Necaire awards to the Russians .the doubtful nonor of belng,,tho greateat drunkards and the most cosmopolitan drunkarda, and to the Bwadea the distinc tion of' having invented the most drinks and the best tasting drinks. He declares the drinks of the Germane (that la the native drlnka) ,are the most healthful, and he declares brandy the worst drink, outclaaslng whlskeV. beer " tsr wine in extent of evil and In results. ..Tha Georgian IS-jiever sober from birth to death- and -mans gee to keep In this crmdltlon on wines. Men and women are always befuddled, caused- mainly by a mixture of ether with light' wines." Iceland follows as a nation of drunk ards. Fermented vlrtegsr. sweetened with' syrun.-with-1,il4sh-of brandy?-4s one of ths favorite- drinks. Ths Icelsnd ers hav-e a drink concocted, from ths eyes ever on the lookout forvanother victim, never ' seems to ses tha gray laughing Jackdaw aeated In ths dead limb of tho gum tree above him. or te realise that Nemesis Is on his track till compelled t "too late" to strike In self defense. ' ' - ' r- Snalls have eyes at. the end Of tubee. which they can project like guns from a turret, enabling them to see In all directions at once, whereas . most fishes being without necks have to turn their entire body to aee mora than a small part of their surrounding j4 -: : 1 ' tt- n rir. ft; a wrlgtirsnoTMr. Cotton afterwards re signed and were succeeded by B. M. Meara and Oeorge T. Myers. On June 10 the new hoard appointed a committee to nominate a slate rr off . r ri Mn slate waa elected on July 84, as follows; President H. W. Scott; first vice-president, I. N. Flelscrmer; second Tics-president, A. I 31111a; -third -vice-president, Samuel Connell: director-general, H. W. urer. Flrit Ninopal bank" auditor, Adolph Wolfs. ' ' Mr. Ooode formally took charge of af fairs September 15, and appointed tha following chiefs of divlaiopa: Director of works, --OsTir- - Huberr -.lirectof' of arehitecture. Ion Lewis; -director of ex ploitation, Henry E. Reed. John A. Wakefield . waa subsequently - appointed director of coneeaslons and admissions, lana tiiouex-xienry ju. uoacn, uiracior ui ,l,A"BtJ?.'. -l. m eralclepmccecded Mrr Bcott arprepj Oent. the latter.haylng found It necea,- Mrv n viva im iha em In UMirto aary to give up tha office In Trderto devote all hla time tortglvate;l)nBt- ness. - September 11, 1903, the stats commis sion appropriated- $300,000 of Jts funds 1 ii Idaho Stat Building;. Drunkards Mere glands orthewhalothat il terrific in Its effect, although only 10 dropa are used in a glass of sweet wine or sweet ened water. -Ths most delicious drink, which the New Orleans "mixologist""" awards-the ptixe, even over hla' beloved absinthe. waa sent to him In a bottle by a cor-. respondent" who found It In central Australia. The drink Is made of' wild honey mixed with 'peppermint gum- "Just add wateV and serve.""- 'The Dutch," declares the ' boose hlstorlan,"are, perhaps, the most un healthful drinkers In the world. They drink huge quantities of rum and gin, and this, on top of a diet of smoked eels, hard-boiled, eggs and pickled cu cumbers, with much smoking, la not .conducive' to good digestion. " "Berbers, In northern Africa." he writes, "drink great quantities of delicious home made wine, made from grapes. They drink a mixture of aour wine with fer mented goats' milk." ' , One of the greateat drinks Nenalre found waa among thei Uganda natives in Africa, called abatvf wine, which is good only, for a' few t days. , Bananas, whole, sro placed In a Hole In jthe ground lined with green leaves' and tramped. Then water Is added, the hole covered and left a few days, when hay Is mixed inttrttr-Then: It Is placed. In- a wooden trough and water Is added and the mass stirred- -The liquid drlpa into pans and, for 84 hours is deliaious-then It' ferment vMd becomes a rival of ths famous dyna- mite .of London slums, made of ether, mixed with wine or beer. Mublsl, which Is the Uganda drink. Is declared worse than the blno of the Philippines, which the natives havs learned -to:::mlxwithgtn. - 1 -'"ThA BuJUrariansk" says ha, "drink light sour wines, mixed . with - waterv "The queerest drunks In the world are"t participated in by' the Korlaks .And the Kamchatkans' of ' northeast Siberia Whole tribes, 'numbering hundreds of men and women, get drunk and atay drunk weeks at a time on ths fly mush room. Either to eat ths fungus or to drink th 'water In which it may be boiled means one glorious round ' of pleaaure for a week or more., "The Buriata of Siberia drink vodka, tormented goats' milk, something like kumyss. which they mix with tnttixlcanta. Tha children smoke at f years and drink befora that. "One drink, which has been Imported - ' ...... " y 1 1 rr- ii ! M - ... rTTor-th- irectlrhr f-1rer!amgs,and'"on nop temper io-ine oiracsota of the cor poration, on the recuuimnndatlon of the dtssstss gnnsmili iiiKmm as?l,?ai ss f its- funds- to- -pay running -eapenars and- provide -ros- dredging draining tha grounds', fencing and for similar uotes-- Tha exploltera of the exposition hT" " from-the-nrat plaansd that It shoutd "bs r national in lta scope, but people gen erally' had nof conceived that it "would ever attain the greatness how realised. Ttls 1 geneiat' liiipteasuin 1 ma 'that" Pi fair would. be. loual industrial exposl- tlon, and -would not prove of Interest t many people outatde the original Oregon country. When tha United Statea gov- ; ernraent appropriated $47,o9- for the expoattlon, however, in - April, 4, th. .' fair at once took; on' a national aspect. People all ever - the -country began -to " realise that in Portland, Jn 1906, more than 8.009 tulle's from the oltv of -ttut : greatest v world s rair. ther would be , held an exposition which would inter eat. the-whl' nation. - Wholesale - exploitation, directed In good channels, haa served to spread a knowledge of the coming exposition to very'corner of the United States, and., the whole nation appears to be inter eeted. . Ths exposition maaagement re ceives hundreds of Inquiries every day from people who wantto ylalL Port great nnxthwrwt. and ths. low . railroad . rates which have been offered: assure a general-attendance from BttBB east of the Rocky mountains. The St. Louis exposition " was both a ' help-and a detrlment-to Portland'a en terprise. Without the Louisiana Pur-'"' chase exposttlomr Is doubrfuT-rf-par tlclpatlon y foreign governments could have been secured On" anything like-so -magnificent a acale as has since been - , realised.- without It, however, many of. the states might have been induced to ' make large appropriations, which hy could not afford to do after St. Louis. j had drained their! coffers. As matters stand, now, Portland has secured - the -eream of St. Louis' foreign exhibits, and ofmany of Hat atata displays. There will be aeveral "state buildlnga,AVasIl-n: tngtftn. California, iWi,rk. and Ma-r - aaohuaetts being notable among the statea which will erect pavilions. Manufacturers have cooperated with the exposition management to an ex-tent-not dreamed- of. While-at first It . was expected that there WAuld be some difficulty in securing enough liberal arts exhibits to make m crsditabls showing. It was -found that so many 'manufac- : turera were ready and willing to move from fit.' Louis to- Portland th&L an ex-. tra hitHdtng hadto-.be jrTected.toaccom- modale -them ;-. :. " ? - " Almost everv nation on tha aloha that aspires to-tmj dignityofTJb place-on. tha-map- will ha rapraaentad. atthaaxpoaU . tlon.-- England wlit via with Franc and -Germany, and Japan and Russia will : contest. - s 'wTeVTrf a- a Amateurs Into England as a medicine, Is ths fa--moua drink from the root of th pepper' tree, made by ths FUIana. This drink Is hot and no( unlike th red-pepper and celery drinks found among Spanish Americans iTho Fijian also havs a win from a vegetabls like the tomato, and a bread-rrulf drlnk." " '"..:" The cordlala open a new line. Th most delicious Is the Yorkshire ylolet. made from the crushed flower,- home- -brewed. The Abyssinian make th best mead In ths world front barley and wild honey. ' The Apone tribe in French Congo, uses huge quantities of palm wine. The palm wine la madi by cutting th leaf stems off th palm trees and catch ing the dripprng, which fre-allowed to ' ferment. The native aqueeses Urns Jules into the wine, making a kind of rlcky. "vThe tribes of India," writes the bar keep historian, " "all drink. There ar 173 different drinks given in the British reports besides those imported. J' "The- most deadly drink on earth that Is used commonly as a beverage la Isltlahlmlyana, used In Natal. It Is W times as strong aa any known aloohol and 10 drops mean a 'Jag.' "The Todas the supposed .Jews of upper - India drink neat brandy 6ut of mugs'and tho Samoyedes, in Siberia, swallow brandy by half pints. Th Moors, whoa national drink la tea, make a 1 brandy f ram fig -nncj-Trlnes front"' grapes and dates: Opium 'U-added so SOm Of tha drinks. ' The Killin, r.t M. OulneW,' sine civilisation arrived, have learned to make beverages from yams ' and sugar-cane and mix the sugar-cane drink with a .inMI,l m-a f.,.-. k - flower-like th. honeyauckle." -- in Mongols drink grape wines snd brandy mad .from fruits and mix tbe brandy whh fermented camels' milk. ThMoros In 'th Philippines drink blno' and palm wine. There' are S3 dif ferent kinds of millet drinks known In n.l mft v., na nf -A w. t ..4 . with honey, palm or banana ferments. lions, . . ; ... - "The best- use of drink I bav found." Ann .1,1.1.. t. . K..I..1.... ' I n th. leuslne, made by.,tbe . Nlam-Nlam' In equaioruu Airics. j nis is maiea ' an Intoxicating beer and used to drive devils add goblins away from th town. I received from a French explorer ofi quart of. eleualn and tan guarantee It to serve th purpose." thrs . . , i V j . ' ' :v." ' . t i 7