... preparation, tha Lewis ana Clark 1 was vntuaiiy. seised upon .by the Or- y - . - - v-i ' " - - ' --V -kV- f1- '',; ' - ' ' -?- vi WX" ''-.';1.-v -.v.-: -": , , :.' vi -'- .-f-j-t..---i
"" iwUiiin imfflpniin ih'iim.ii im lli.iii.ln.i iinni.tir n. y.-ir mm in I t . ." "i ' ' ' ' ' ' '' ' .' ' ' .'"- ' lv' V:'-. .. - CJ i ;i,' SrM ; ' " : 1
tha Lcwla and Clark
. At 1 o'clock nxt Thursday aftar-
noon PreHtei)t"HooBevelt wllt 'preaa a
-olJatMlraptr trey at hla lea In tlia
3vh!t Jl9uae.-JBfbich Ul Mt in motion
th. machinery of the eiposltlon, mora
' 'than 8.000 mllra away. But a tha per
vonal and official repreaentatlva of the
praaldent at the openlaa- axerclaea. Vioa.
Pral1ent Falrbanka wlH b preaecttat
Portland and wljl maka tha principal ad.
3r cf 1h liny lnnnri trTA frlr
nn equal to thone which, WQUldL b
tiftowel upon Mr. Rooaavelt were tha
. lattef aba to ba preaent.
united Btatea senator ciarenc.jxos ow on: ciaiaop, a. monument to
, -Clark of. Wyoming will repreaent the
- senate. .. and Congreaaman Jamea' A.
Tawney of Minnesota will apeak on be-
. half . of tha - house . of . repiwaentatlvea.
Several other United Statea senators and
t congressmen will, .attend , the opening
"' ceremonies. Mayor Oeorge H. Wllllame,
tha oldest msyor in tha United States.
enow In hla eiahty-thlrd year, will de
liver an addreaa, "givlng'Iha freedom, of
tha city to the gueata. .'
, : President H. W. Goods of tha Exposi
tion company will formally declare the
MpOBlt1on openv Governor Oeorge K.
Chamlierlaln will welcome the visitors
- to Oregon. . oovornor cnamDeriain nas
t.roclalmed June 1 a. holiday throughout
- - Oregon. Tha governors of Waahlngton
3f.and Idaho have dona like tas-Xor-their
rtatea. -.-Thua the three states carved
t out of tha "Oregon country." which wee
added to the United Btatea aa a result
of the excMdltlon of Lewla and Clark.
', have recognised In ar signal manner the'
Importance of tha exposition.
. Portland expects from 80.000 to ?5.
000 people to attend tha exposition on
opening day.-- Kxourslona are to la run
for the event. from scores of cities and
towns In the Paclflo morthweat. In
Portland buelnesa will be to soma exr
. tenrnuspended for the .day. :
' The enterprise represents an outlay
of approximately T
ing the exhibits, which re worth proba-
toijnhf" times" as much. The United
" Btatea government has expended' nearly
' "OO.OOfl, helng, represented, by all
buildings "and aeveral "outdoor 7eaturea.
lr haa been Pine yeara since Dan Mc
i Allen' conceived the idea of a world's
felr to be held In Portland, In tha mld-
. die, west people date otfEureewees from
J98, the year of the Columbian expoat
. tlon. In the Tactfto northweat people
.will date everything for half a century
.. 'from the year H05. '
1 Aa haa teen the' case with many, of
-.-tha greatest- plans of men, 4he 4dea -tf
r:'thLiewls and Clark exppaltlon dldtiot
I,
"4 ':.
-1 :w:n:n
rr
..tj i : ' - r r : , w
TFrbni!heV'ashIngton Btar.
o
NE reads almost every week in
tha newspapers of the rinding
of a "petrified", human body.
Hufh a thing neyerfldana
never will exist. Nevertheless, so dense
1s the nonular Ignorance of auch mat-
... r,. . 1
L?'- 3T-i - - r-'f UX---
- - No Human Body-Ever Petrified Jj
" " trs and so ready the human mind to be
deludedr-that, reporta-of -4hla klnd re
commonly accepted as facta. It would
be well If they conld be -deprived of
credibility for all future lime by the
publication 'pf a few truths ion this sub-
- Ject. ' ' ' - . ' 1
'In the first place a "petrification" is
riot, strictly apeaking. a transformation
of the original animal1 or plant Into
atone. It is merely a replacement of the
".organic tissue by mineral substance. , Ai
each particle of- the plant or animal de
, oays and dlsappeara its plaos is taken,
'; usually in water or mud. by, a particle
of mineral matter depoalted ' from the
water which has held It In suspension.
Thus the perishable original la changed
Into Imperishable Stone, preaerving its
. form and even Its structural appearance
. when cut into. . -
By iueh means have, the skeletons
' Of animals millions of years old been
' '. preserved In the rocks of the everlasting
1 ' 1 hills, so thst they may, be reconstructed
. today as they were ages, before man
' appeared -on the, earth. ' But it Is only
the bones that are In thla way kept,
. never - the- rieshrb'causer'watrr.. cannot
rZZ" Prcol'ats through It..-In the same way
w hole foresta of trees In the Yellowstone
'teglon and elsewhere are changed Into,
jfj ngate and'olher forms of stone, the hol
low logs of the forest Sprimeval being
often found filled with beautiful crystals
l . . of quarts and amethyst.
' .. The cliffs that border the eastern
' Jjraneh of the Yellowstone river afford
' view of a scries of such forests burled
j ' ton top of., one another. The lowermosl
:. level was . originally a wooden -plain,
liX hundreds -of - thousands ' of years ago.
Volcanoes burst forth In the neighbor
hood, and It was overwhelmed by their
, debris. J On top thalatter fresh, trees
- took fdot and grew,' to be In their turn
burled by subaaquent eruptions. This
r sort f thtng continued through century
' after century, until 4.0CO feet of accumu
"' latlons were hesped above the forest
. at ths bottom.
Beneath the hills thus formed water
flowed, as it doe constantly through the
"""r1 earth's crust. The burled trees gradually
. ' decayed. and their decomposing sub
"" stance was replaced by mineral matter,
transforming them Into stone. ' After
i , '.-'"
1 of pommemoratlm tb aaniennlel a- ik l- - - i -. - , . , -1 hi i i , , 1 1 i . 1 u i' mmmmmm i i" i i insr- - i
expedition
Lawla and Wllluua-i'lark which opened
ap the great Oregon country to aettlera.
and enabled the United State to make
her wily acq trtattnn of territory fiyTlfht
of dlacovery. . Tha event wae certainly
worthy an expoaltlon in Jta honor, and
the. hlatoricat aoclety waa not elOTfto
real lie th.
A)eeembei 18. 100. tlKTW
reaalutlona Introducrd by the lata L. n.
cost declaring It to. be the purpose of
tha aoelety to erect in 1905.onthA.JiUa
Captains Lewis and Clark. Tha reaolu
tlon further recommended the holding of
a Northwestern Industrial exposition In
Portland during that year, and - urged
the governor to ask tha . legislature to
take action on the subject at Its next
aeaslnni and to forward a copy of the
resolutions to ' the- governors of - the
staty nf. Waslilngtoiy-idaho. -Montana
and-Wyoming with an invitation to
those statea to participate. The resolu
tions also asked .the Oregon, delegation
In congress to advocate national partic
ipation in the exposition. - --The
action of 4 he historical society
waa shortly . followed' by the appoint
ment of a., provisional committee of 21
Portland business- men td promote the
expoartlon, and February liriJorrJrMT
Long, chairman of this committee, ad
dressed the atate house of representa
tives In favor of concurrent resolutions
endorsing the enterprise -andpledging
financial aid from the state. Theae
resolutions were adopted by both houses.
They provided also that tha . governor
ahonld appoint five - commissioners - to
repreaent Oregon, Invited' the . other
states of tha Paclflo northwest to ex
hibit, and requested congress to make
an appropriation and invite foreign coun-
trie, to make official partlclpat!on.f
JThe- commission appointed
Henry E. Ankeny, Judge C. B. Bellinger,
Senator C. W. Fulton and E. E. Young.
The .states of Waahlngton,. Idaho, Mon
tanai. .amly.tah and the province of
British' Columbia" also appolhled com"
misaloners and the commissioners held
several Joint meetings, at one of which
they adopted thejiame.ror the- rairr"The
Lewis
can and FaclfterKxposftlon." The words
"And Oriental Fair" were aftcrwaTda
added in order to take advantage of a
law enabling the city of Portland to
levy s tax In favor of an oriental fair.
-Theaa- preparations,-while-important.
had bwu'eaHyrtmry--rrniinary: ana
New York State Building.
"ward TheTeIlowstdne river cul down
through the strata formed of volcanic
debrla in the manner described. For
thousands snd thousands of years the
great, stream plowed out Its bed, until
todayThs latter is a cut 4,900 feet deep
ll. h Captain. Merrlwelher f '....: L .t-',. .: ; V- - '. yVVrtU .JL.i. JS- . " ' ' " 'lr. ';':"r7-:r "'f'l'""- '. V ' , 'v T'.-l
a canyon walled in by towering cliffs.
And as one looks upward at those cliffs
the burled forests are plainly to be seen
In the successive layers 'composing them.
They ran be counted easily, tha reckon
ing carrying the observer back to the
very- night of time, when real dragons
and chimeras dire walked on the earth,
swam jn the seas and flew In the air.
Nearly all the treea which lino these
wonderful cliffs are turned Into agate.
One can climb up and knock them off,
as they break readily Into sections.
Many of them, which were hollow before
they were buried, are filled with beauti
ful crystals Of quarts and amethyst,
Water, percolating into such hollow
t run Ira, brought partlclea of silica, whirs
formed themselves Into crystsls, finally
filling up the cavities. It Is In hollow
parts of burled fees that nearly all ex
isting crystals of amethyst and quarts
were originally formed. They are treas
ure which were hidden away by the
hand of nature in old logs snd stumps.
Amethyst, of courses Is merely quarts
crystal with a little coloring' matter
from metallic oxides, 7. r-
Jauchof -the -a gat Ixed afldJasperlxed
wood found In various parts of the west
waa thus -transformed under ' water
There Is a fossil forest of such material
at, Los CerDIos. iNew Mexico and', an
other at Chalcedony Park, Arlsonav Ter
ritory! This is argely used for orna
mental purposes.: The' trees fell and
were submerged, being slllclfled in the
manner already described. While this
was going on,, spores of fungi floated
Into 'the cracks, in 'the trunks and
branches, germinating and extending
their threads of mycelium through the
decaying wood. r'These threads are s(ni
visible In ,ths fpettifled" the - word
''fossilised' Is considered preferable-
substance, ramifying through the cells
"of the wood. The water also brought
salts of Irotv; In solution. -which.-were
secreted by the fungus, and afterward
deposited by It, tttus enriching tha color
ing of the fesslllsed sti-ueture.-, .
I roll.- being plentiful tomahy . rocks
and readily soluble, often replaces or
ganic substances and form fossils. la
the department at prehistoric: anthropol
ogy at the Bmlthaonlaa institution la
preserved a human skull of Iron, which
... ' ' ' " ; ' L -rl .' ' , ' '.
r" ' '' '. . '. -T-'r-: ; Te Mia-Terrace.-:.,.- ' : ' z'::z-7.'M,.v""r"'-'-
tha f lrat real progress toward- establish
ing the enterprise -on a buslaese basis
was made when, on October 12, 1901, a
corporation waa formed to carry on- IheJ
project. Ths capital stock of the eot-
11st of Portland's most enterprising and
prominent bualneaa and professional
men.: ' H.' W.. Cdrbett, Samuel Connell
and J. M. Long were appointed to open
a-trtoTrfeeBran:t8y--gasl to ni
aid in making a canvas a committee
of 85 leaOingClUaana. Ths canvaa
Waa" begun November 84. Two daya
later ti committeahad secured sub
scription
to Ihe amount-dfJ40.0D07t,uouia be exploited atthe expoaition at
Thus did the people-of Portland rally
to the cause. Their generous support.
amounting td almoat 14 for every man,
woman and child within the cltyjlmiu
at th-41mer put lha exposition on Jta
financial- fcefc Tha-expoeWlOn-eotnpaRJ
was 3ug ouTdf a hYlTetde noFTohg s'go.
Not only haa Iron replaced the sub
stance of the bone, but the brain cavity
is filled with the metal, so that the
skull weighs many pounds. The hill In
Iron ore, of ..course,
Shells, Inclosed In the strata of hills;
are -.sometimes transformed Into opal
by a. process of fosslllzatlon, opal be
ing merely a form of quarts. Petrifica
tions, properly termed fossil remains,
of plants are readily distinguishable In
beds of coal, so that It Is eaatly deter
mined from what sorts of giant ferns
and other trees the coal was originally
formed.- Among the most ancient of
fossils are numerous' insects, which,
despite the delicacy of their structure,
havo- been preserved through millions1
of years, for the Instruction of a modern-generation,
the very fluff . on -the
wings of the primeval moth being
plainly distinguishable., ."-""i .
Moat of the bodies reported In the
newspapers as- found "petrified" sre
examples' of .a phenomenon long famil
iar. They have been . transformed not
into- stone, "but Into a substance called
"adipocere." or grave wax." : This is
a true. soap. Into which, tha corpse of a
human being Lw,IH ordinarily - be-meta-morphbsed
if Jjurled-Jn-a- graveyard or
'other place wlir. water, -naar access
to it. ,
' This adipocere Js one; of the most en
during of substances.: If is mot sub
ject to decay, and thej body which, has
assumed thts-eonstruetkMnmsy preserve
Its form fdr-many years, an even for
centuries nay, for ages, since evidence
on the point has been obtained from ths
nrthoccras. a mnllusk ' that oecame w
tinct millions of years ago. of large
slae, and built after the pattern of the
chambered nautllu-J, bufwitn a strslght
shell. v ' -- .
-In shells of tha orthoceras ha been
found adlnncere the flesh of the animal
transformed into the soapy" substance-
descHUwd. , which would thus appear
t havo been preserved intact from the
Silurian epoch until now. ', '
"I havs loved snd lowtr-!ned the
man In black suspenders. i
-Hw and,'' aald the sympathetic
friend. "You loved the - beautiful igtrl
a-vUosi her-r. J ",
- "No, I mart-ted hr, and over since- I
have lost all loose Changs I 1U In my
rest," .
1 -r .. ... r3 -
was overcapitallxed. Tha capital stock
of , the corporation was Increased from
$300,000 to $500,000, at a special meet
ing of the stockholders held on February
14, 1903. Of the capital r stock about
soribad.
With. i the exposition an assured fact
because of tha excellent financial back?
fng, the stockholders proceeded to for
mally organise ths company on a work-
tors weraelectadr-and -onrOatbber I of
' the same, year the number was increased
to 26. At a meeting held August IS It
wss decided - that - Tfrnn'a rfamirraa
Osaka. Japan, in 1902- Colonel Henry
E, Dosch was appointed apeolal commis
sioner and anappropriatton of $4,000
was made from the funds of the corpora-
i meanTenKmrnwOKar
a comlnaHxTtion Svaa
his I'wm done Jfter lonaTcon!
tiia waa aone arter long con -
It was' In
site for th
chosen. Thl
aldoratlon, the contrmnlwted sites belrg
City park, I4awthorn- park, Uutverelty
nark and .Willamette helghii
ter waa finally chosen, embracing 402
aoreS o land and lake In nortbwestarrt
Portland, directly opposite the' highest
point reached by Lewis; and Clark on
April 8. 1806.- "
Tha-winter- of 1908 waa an- eventful
srfoT-thrTTrpoBltton.- In thHtrwlnter
the" state appropriated $460,000 for tha
farrnnd' $ftO,000 -to enable Oregon tio Pfir
tlctpate Jn the Louisiana Purchase expo-
Bltion. " ' . -rrr: - i . ..;
-- Tha.buXJjy-.wMch the money waa ap
propriated -"wa signed by Governor
Chamberlain January 30 and February
, according t the proy 1 slnn-of . IliULvl,
W. E. Thomas, Fortlwnd;' J. HAlbert,
Williams, Ashland: O. Y. Harry, Port
Raf fertv.-Portland : J. C. Flanders. Port
land; Richard Scott.MllJsa4l4erH5T--trr
-4-otrngrEugene. S. A. Lowell declined
and C B. Wade was appointed In his
place. ,
The commission met Informally March
13, organised provisionally with Mr.
Young as temporary president ' and
Henry E. Reed as temporary aecretary,
and on the- follow Ins day-met with, the
board of dlrectora and approved the alte.
With the close of March also closed the
work of H. W. Cprbett, who had been
president of the . corporation since Its
organization, had made the first sub
scription of $18,000 to the stock, and
had carried the enterprise aafely through
ths preliminary atag'S. He' tendered
his resignation on March 80, hut It waa
not accepted. On tha following day lie
died. ' i i
Preliminary" work In preparing -the
Senses of Birds
and Beasts
IT Is the destiny of all wild birds and
- beasts to be forever preying upon
eaj;hoth?r, And to Je preyed upon.
, Accordingly nature has not neg
lected to provide them(('wlth keenly de
veloped special ; senses to aid them in
avoiding their enemies and perpetuating
the existence of their species, ss well
ss.to assist them in preying In their
own turn. -
All down the line, from the hugest
animals to the.: most. Insignificant In
sect the law of tha survival of the
fittest spurs on theae creatures uncon
sciously to Improvs their best natural
means of. attack and defense. The
horse, the' deer -and other- long,-cleanlimbed
species, which do not prey on
otlier animals, but are preyed upon In
a wild state, have .constantly groWn
swifter of foot through the ages, as
flight la their only means CT defense.
Certain blrda ' and anlmala are aet
apart from most" others through a spe
cial adaptation of their senses or Some
one particular sense-i-to ths needs of
the chase and of their own preserva
tion. ' Moat birds havs very perfect eye
sight. I.t is the sense upon which they
almoat wholly rely. """Their" senses of
taste .and smell seem dormant. Trie
owl. being a night bird,- haa eyes which
gather every possible be m of light.
Each Is set In a dlsc-Uke nest of shining
white feathers, which serves as a re
flector, sending and focusing beams
almost imperceptible, to' human eyes
direct upon the pupil, and enabling the
bird to wee quite well In ths darkest
night, I i " .
Tho eyes .of birds, set ss they are
one on each aids of ths head, enable
them to have everything above, behind,
in front and beneath always within, their
field of observation. The hungry hawk,
poised triotlonlesj in mld-alr, sees every
bird and creaturevbeneath, and Is only
watting an opportunity to strike. The
birds see him. too. , Ths Joyous aong is
hushed ,ln ths thicket, while those In
the open cower low to 4h ground, to
escape detection or flit uneasily about
In search of mora secure cover, and woe
betide the careless ' or luckless wight
thst exposes, himself through, nervous
ness or lack of caution1 within range; of
the meteor-like descent of ths feathered
hunter.
With? the reptiles: ant.: four-footed
creatures It is otherwise. Tha snsks
creeping cautiously about, his kcn Uttlt j
ground began in February, 1908. March
30 tha board created tha office of super
vising architect with a board of consult-4
Ing architects and employed John C.
Olmstead of Chicago to plan the ly-
I ing out of Hie expuiltlou grounds. The
atate commission was formally organ
ised May 2, ... and .. elected Jefferson
Myerspresldent and Henry' E. Reed
temporary secretary. ' On the following
' - J " V .'...J.'' J . v. oi. V J
elecTThgWf E. Thomaa first "vioe-presl.
dent and J. C- Havely. secretary. Mr.
Havely subsequently resigned' snd Ed
mund C. GHtner was appointed in his
place.
On June t the secorid annual meeting'
of the stockholders waa held, "and the
following board of directors was eleoted:
II. W. Bcott, I.N. Flelachner. A. ' L.
Mills, Samuel Connell, Adolph Wolfe, J.
C:t Alnsworth.' O. Bates,
A Bush,
I KDevere-.-Ferdinand " Dreg geir-Wrrlr.
Kenton. " Leo Friede, Charlea E. Ladd,
I . . . . . T ,.r
Robert Livingstone, Tr'. K. A. J. Mc
Kenxle. Rufus ,MaHory. -W. D. Wheel-
1 W 1 1 sht. '.y. w; Cotton, John ' O'ShyiV.
jamea a. Mioy, u. w. itionia, n. van
Puacn. Taul W'esalngr. Mr. Whecl-
V
tj1
.V.
Amencan
EE
From ths Chicago Tribune.
THE American who has run the
gamut from sloe-gin highballs to
- poets' dreams. - imbibed every
thing from a Tom Collins to bour
bon with a dash of bitters, is merely
an amateur ' drunkard compared with
the array of drinks that are served to
the nations of the world.- -:
There are listed 843 American .drinks,
whereas there are 11.754 mixed and
straight drinks that havs never been
served In the United Statea. Emll Ne-
ralre, compiler of these records, has spent
8 years in the work.
Every one of -the drinks he describes
is Injurious to a greater or lesser de
gree and each one aids in the defenera
tion of the people who use them except,
possibly, a fermentation of goat'a milk
found in northern Siberia and a wild
honey fermentation discovered in central
Australia. He records IT races of men
among -whom alcoholic) beverages are un
known snd proves, to his own satisfac
tion at leaat, that theae peoples are ths
happiest and healtheat on earth.
Necaire awards to the Russians .the
doubtful nonor of belng,,tho greateat
drunkards and the most cosmopolitan
drunkarda, and to the Bwadea the distinc
tion of' having invented the most drinks
and the best tasting drinks. He declares
the drinks of the Germane (that la the
native drlnka) ,are the most healthful,
and he declares brandy the worst drink,
outclaaslng whlskeV. beer " tsr wine in
extent of evil and In results.
..Tha Georgian IS-jiever sober from
birth to death- and -mans gee to keep In
this crmdltlon on wines. Men and women
are always befuddled, caused- mainly
by a mixture of ether with light' wines."
Iceland follows as a nation of drunk
ards. Fermented vlrtegsr. sweetened
with' syrun.-with-1,il4sh-of brandy?-4s
one of ths favorite- drinks. Ths Icelsnd
ers hav-e a drink concocted, from ths
eyes ever on the lookout forvanother
victim, never ' seems to ses tha gray
laughing Jackdaw aeated In ths dead
limb of tho gum tree above him. or te
realise that Nemesis Is on his track till
compelled t "too late" to strike In self
defense. ' ' - ' r-
Snalls have eyes at. the end Of
tubee. which they can project like guns
from a turret, enabling them to see In
all directions at once, whereas . most
fishes being without necks have to
turn their entire body to aee mora than
a small part of their surrounding
j4 -: : 1 ' tt- n rir. ft;
a
wrlgtirsnoTMr. Cotton afterwards re
signed and were succeeded by B. M.
Meara and Oeorge T. Myers. On June
10 the new hoard appointed a committee
to nominate a slate rr off . r ri Mn
slate waa elected on July 84, as follows;
President H. W. Scott; first vice-president,
I. N. Flelscrmer; second Tics-president,
A. I 31111a; -third -vice-president,
Samuel Connell: director-general, H. W.
urer. Flrit Ninopal bank" auditor,
Adolph Wolfs. ' '
Mr. Ooode formally took charge of af
fairs September 15, and appointed tha
following chiefs of divlaiopa: Director
of works, --OsTir- - Huberr -.lirectof' of
arehitecture. Ion Lewis; -director of ex
ploitation, Henry E. Reed. John A.
Wakefield . waa subsequently - appointed
director of coneeaslons and admissions,
lana tiiouex-xienry ju. uoacn, uiracior ui
,l,A"BtJ?.'. -l. m
eralclepmccecded Mrr Bcott arprepj
Oent. the latter.haylng found It necea,-
Mrv n viva im iha em In UMirto
aary to give up tha office In Trderto
devote all hla time tortglvate;l)nBt-
ness.
- September 11, 1903, the stats commis
sion appropriated- $300,000 of Jts funds
1 ii
Idaho Stat Building;.
Drunkards Mere
glands orthewhalothat il terrific in
Its effect, although only 10 dropa are
used in a glass of sweet wine or sweet
ened water.
-Ths most delicious drink, which the
New Orleans "mixologist""" awards-the
ptixe, even over hla' beloved absinthe.
waa sent to him In a bottle by a cor-.
respondent" who found It In central
Australia. The drink Is made of' wild
honey mixed with 'peppermint gum-
"Just add wateV and serve.""-
'The Dutch," declares the ' boose
hlstorlan,"are, perhaps, the most un
healthful drinkers In the world. They
drink huge quantities of rum and gin,
and this, on top of a diet of smoked
eels, hard-boiled, eggs and pickled cu
cumbers, with much smoking, la not
.conducive' to good digestion. "
"Berbers, In northern Africa." he writes,
"drink great quantities of delicious home
made wine, made from grapes. They
drink a mixture of aour wine with fer
mented goats' milk." ' ,
One of the greateat drinks Nenalre
found waa among thei Uganda natives
in Africa, called abatvf wine, which is
good only, for a' few t days. , Bananas,
whole, sro placed In a Hole In jthe ground
lined with green leaves' and tramped.
Then water Is added, the hole covered
and left a few days, when hay Is mixed
inttrttr-Then: It Is placed. In- a wooden
trough and water Is added and the mass
stirred- -The liquid drlpa into pans and,
for 84 hours is deliaious-then It' ferment
vMd becomes a rival of ths famous dyna-
mite .of London slums, made of ether,
mixed with wine or beer.
Mublsl, which Is the Uganda drink.
Is declared worse than the blno of the
Philippines, which the natives havs
learned -to:::mlxwithgtn. - 1
-'"ThA BuJUrariansk" says ha, "drink
light sour wines, mixed . with - waterv
"The queerest drunks In the world are"t
participated in by' the Korlaks .And the
Kamchatkans' of ' northeast Siberia
Whole tribes, 'numbering hundreds of
men and women, get drunk and atay
drunk weeks at a time on ths fly mush
room. Either to eat ths fungus or to
drink th 'water In which it may be
boiled means one glorious round ' of
pleaaure for a week or more.,
"The Buriata of Siberia drink vodka,
tormented goats' milk, something like
kumyss. which they mix with tnttixlcanta.
Tha children smoke at f years and drink
befora that.
"One drink, which has been Imported
- ' ...... " y
1 1 rr- ii ! M - ...
rTTor-th- irectlrhr f-1rer!amgs,and'"on
nop temper io-ine oiracsota of the cor
poration, on the recuuimnndatlon of the
dtssstss gnnsmili iiiKmm as?l,?ai ss
f its- funds- to- -pay running -eapenars
and- provide -ros- dredging draining tha
grounds', fencing and for similar uotes--
Tha exploltera of the exposition hT" "
from-the-nrat plaansd that It shoutd "bs r
national in lta scope, but people gen
erally' had nof conceived that it "would
ever attain the greatness how realised.
Ttls 1 geneiat'
liiipteasuin 1
ma 'that" Pi
fair would. be.
loual industrial exposl-
tlon, and -would not prove of Interest t
many people outatde the original Oregon
country. When tha United Statea gov- ;
ernraent appropriated $47,o9- for the
expoattlon, however, in - April, 4, th. .'
fair at once took; on' a national aspect.
People all ever - the -country began -to "
realise that in Portland, Jn 1906, more
than 8.009 tulle's from the oltv of -ttut :
greatest v world s rair. ther would be ,
held an exposition which would inter
eat. the-whl' nation. -
Wholesale - exploitation, directed In
good channels, haa served to spread a
knowledge of the coming exposition to
very'corner of the United States, and.,
the whole nation appears to be inter
eeted. . Ths exposition maaagement re
ceives hundreds of Inquiries every day
from people who wantto ylalL Port
great nnxthwrwt. and ths. low . railroad .
rates which have been offered: assure a
general-attendance from BttBB east of
the Rocky mountains.
The St. Louis exposition " was both a '
help-and a detrlment-to Portland'a en
terprise. Without the Louisiana Pur-'"'
chase exposttlomr Is doubrfuT-rf-par
tlclpatlon y foreign governments could
have been secured On" anything like-so -magnificent
a acale as has since been - ,
realised.- without It, however, many of.
the states might have been induced to '
make large appropriations, which hy
could not afford to do after St. Louis. j
had drained their! coffers. As matters
stand, now, Portland has secured - the -eream
of St. Louis' foreign exhibits, and
ofmany of Hat atata displays. There
will be aeveral "state buildlnga,AVasIl-n:
tngtftn. California, iWi,rk. and Ma-r -
aaohuaetts being notable among
the
statea which will erect pavilions.
Manufacturers have cooperated with
the exposition management to an ex-tent-not
dreamed- of. While-at first It .
was expected that there WAuld be some
difficulty in securing enough liberal arts
exhibits to make m crsditabls showing.
It was -found that so many 'manufac- :
turera were ready and willing to move
from fit.' Louis to- Portland th&L an ex-.
tra hitHdtng hadto-.be jrTected.toaccom-
modale -them ;-. :. " ? -
" Almost everv nation on tha aloha that
aspires to-tmj dignityofTJb place-on. tha-map-
will ha rapraaentad. atthaaxpoaU .
tlon.-- England wlit via with Franc and -Germany,
and Japan and Russia will :
contest.
- s
'wTeVTrf
a- a
Amateurs
Into England as a medicine, Is ths fa--moua
drink from the root of th pepper'
tree, made by ths FUIana. This drink
Is hot and no( unlike th red-pepper and
celery drinks found among Spanish
Americans iTho Fijian also havs a win
from a vegetabls like the tomato, and
a bread-rrulf drlnk." " '"..:"
The cordlala open a new line. Th
most delicious Is the Yorkshire ylolet.
made from the crushed flower,- home- -brewed.
The Abyssinian make th best
mead In ths world front barley and wild
honey. '
The Apone tribe in French Congo,
uses huge quantities of palm wine.
The palm wine la madi by cutting th
leaf stems off th palm trees and catch
ing the dripprng, which fre-allowed to '
ferment. The native aqueeses Urns Jules
into the wine, making a kind of rlcky.
"vThe tribes of India," writes the bar
keep historian, " "all drink. There ar
173 different drinks given in the British
reports besides those imported.
J' "The- most deadly drink on earth that
Is used commonly as a beverage la
Isltlahlmlyana, used In Natal. It Is W
times as strong aa any known aloohol
and 10 drops mean a 'Jag.'
"The Todas the supposed .Jews of
upper - India drink neat brandy 6ut of
mugs'and tho Samoyedes, in Siberia,
swallow brandy by half pints. Th
Moors, whoa national drink la tea, make
a 1 brandy f ram fig -nncj-Trlnes front"'
grapes and dates: Opium 'U-added so
SOm Of tha drinks. ' The Killin, r.t M.
OulneW,' sine civilisation arrived, have
learned to make beverages from yams '
and sugar-cane and mix the sugar-cane
drink with a .inMI,l m-a f.,.-. k -
flower-like th. honeyauckle." --
in Mongols drink grape wines snd
brandy mad .from fruits and mix tbe
brandy whh fermented camels' milk.
ThMoros In 'th Philippines drink
blno' and palm wine. There' are S3 dif
ferent kinds of millet drinks known In
n.l mft v., na nf -A w. t ..4 .
with honey, palm or banana ferments.
lions, . . ; ... -
"The best- use of drink I bav found."
Ann .1,1.1.. t. . K..I..1.... ' I n th.
leuslne, made by.,tbe . Nlam-Nlam' In
equaioruu Airics. j nis is maiea '
an Intoxicating beer and used to drive
devils add goblins away from th town.
I received from a French explorer ofi
quart of. eleualn and tan guarantee It
to serve th purpose."
thrs . . , i
V
j . '
' :v." ' .
t i
7