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About Lincoln County leader. (Toledo, Lincoln County, Or.) 1893-1987 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 7, 1913)
ELOW the Cretan kings, who held state In the great palaces ot CnoBsus and Phaestos four thousand years ago, there ranked, as we know, vassal princes and noble families, each of whom lived on and by a smaller town ship or district, contributing, doubt less, In kind or in service to the royal treasuries, writes D. O. Hograth In The Illustrated News. Such min or townships, dominated by miniature "palaces," were laid bare In eastern Crete, at Qournla and Palaikastro, by Mrs. Boyd Hawes and the British school at Athens; and perhaps the so called "Royal Villa" at Hagla Trlada, excavated by the Italian mission, must be regarded, not as a king's seat, but as a very splendid example of a territorial noble's residence, overlook ing a rich fief at the head of the Bay of Messara. Quite recently, by the enterprise and care of the Cretan Department of anlqultles, directed by Dr. J. Haz stdakls, the chief ephor, another of these selgneurlal settlements has been excavated at the village of Tyllssos, near Candia. The place lies some seven miles west of Cnossus in a fer tile hill country which extends to the base of Mount Ida; and no doubt It was the center of a territorial flef held under the Mlnoan kings by some noble house. Large Bronze Vessels. Some years ago it came to the knowledge of the Ephorate that pea sants ot Tyllssos were in the habit ot resorting for building stone to a certain locality hard by the village, and that the stone procured there was ready squared. In the process of Quarrying they had thrown out quan tities of potsherds, and one peasant, more fortunate than the rest, had come on some large bronze vessels, much battered and crushed, but com plete. These were Impounded for the government, but for a long time sup posed to be of Hellenic date. Since, however, systematic excavation has k, - . A' iwK. . AW e. GROUP OF bUILDlNGS EXCAVATED been prosecuted, the whole site has been found to be Mlnoan, and those cauldrons must be accounted rare and . precious survivals of the metallurgy of the Later Palace Period at Cnossus. What has been laid bare at Tyllssos Is rather a group of large residential houses than any "palace," properly so called. They resemble In type certain bouses found In 1900 in the town ot Cnossus at some distance from the palace building, but are larger and more richly decorated. The different residences, having had some architec tural connection with one another, sm to have formed a sort of block, much as bouses of the same age at PhylakopL In Meloa, were found to be linked one to the next, and probably they represent a family settlement Around them, but separated, are re mains of a few poorer dwellings, form ing a dependent village or hamlet. In habited by villeins or retainers, as was the case at Hagla Triads. What buildings are now visible are of the Third Middle and First Late Mlnoan Periods that Is, the sixteenth century B. C, or thereabouts; but there were both selgneurtal residences and also poor dwellings In a previous age, the Second Middle Mlnoan,'. and possibly a village existed before any noble bouse was built This point, It is hoped, will be cleared up when the excavations In the area suroundlng the main site have ben carried deeper (tad wider next season. The two chief houses of the later period repeat several features of the Cnosslan and Phaestlan palaces, not ably pillared halls and store-rooms with great Jars ranged round their walls. The larger living-rooms seem to have had finely frescoed walls. Many fragments of their decorations have been recovered and are now pieced together' to show groups of Mlnoan ladles, warriors in procession, and fan-bearing slaves. Of the furniture, besides the bronze vessels already alluded to, painted vases In great variety have been found, among which are very good ex amples of that use of natural vege table forms for styllstlo ornament which la characteristic of the early Late Mlnoan period; and some . ves sels in stone also have been unearthed of which one, a slender vase in black obsidian, of exquisite form and admir able symmetry, once more fills us with astonished envy of the capacities of Cretan craftsmanship. That such a material as this volcanic glass could be turned with truth by work men who had no tools but of stone or soft bronze would never be be lieved, had we not this vase and some early vessels in Egypt to- prove the fact. The process must have been al most as slow as a process of nature! One remarkable statuette in bronze has rewarded the Ephor's labors. It shows a male figure, clad in belted lion-cloth with frontal flap, and stand ing in an attitude of salutation. He Is probably an adorant of the Cretan goddess. Many similar figures in similar attitudes have been found else where in the island, notably in the Psychro cave; but none so carefully and scientifically modelled as this. They all seem to have been deposited in shrines and holy places by men desirous to put a vicarious representa tion of themselves in constant relation with the deity. If the excavators had found noth ing but this statuette. It would have repaid their enterprises. But, in fact, " - .i Ifct-Srin i mi V'i1 it T-T--II iliTi. n.ii n.,iilii S they have found much else, as we have seen, and before they leave Tylls sos, should find yet more. CAPTIVE IN MUSIC'S SPELL Quail In No Uncertain Mood When He Heard the Call of the Notes. "A baby quail was captured and brought to the house. The large cage provided for him stood upon a square of oilcloth, and this was little Bob White's ranch. Here were his food, his basin of water, and the sandplle where he took his dally dust-bath. The door of his house was always open, but he seldom wandered beyond the limits of his own domain. "One thing invariably tempted this little recluse to venture forth; this was the sound of musld. Like a small boy racing after the band, the mo ment the tones of the piano reached his quick ear, he started on a run. and the quick pat-patting of his tiny feet announced his approach. He would circle about the piano and, with a fluff-fluff of his short wings, mount to the keyboard. The little square cor ner at Its end was his opera chair, where he cuddled down contentedly as long as the music continued, at times expressing his appreciation by a con tented, soft, purring sound." Subur ban Life. ft J 3 SkA3 BENEFIT BY USING CONCRETE Farmer Adds Both Comfort and Safe ty, Besides Saving Money Cem ent Is Not Lsrge Item. (By WALTER B. LEUTZ.) Safety, economy and utility are the prime considerations in silo building and on all of these points farmers are finding themselves gainers from the use of concrete". Concrete structures are much safer and In the long run are more economical. The original cost is about the same as for silos of other materials if the farmer is able to do the work with his regular force. When the durability and lessened risk are considered it is seen that the con crete construction is economical in almost all circumstances. The con crete silo is sanitary and preserves the fodder in a satisfactory way. This fact has been demonstrated by gov ernment tests. Fanners-who have not studied the subject ot concrete construction will do well to take It up. In most cases the material will be cheaper and handler than lumber. It is of high value for walks, dairy floors, milk houses, watering troughs and steps, as well as for general architectural work. Where the farmer Is able to supply the sand and gravel without much expense and has time to perform the labor of construction, or at least to Concrete Trough for Stock. supervise it, the outlay for any given piece of work will probably be less than it would be If lumber were used. The proportion of cement required is not a large Item of expense. The farmer also gains In the matter of insurance as he goes forward with his experiments in concrete construc tion. This Is an important considera tion, and he adds both comfort and safety, besides saving money. FARMING IN HAPHAZARD WAY Course at State Agricultural College - Will Imbed Desire to Work In More Modern Methods. (By R. Q. WKATHERSTONB.) There is no need for any farmer to keep on farming In the same old haphazard way. A course at his state agricultural college will fill him with a strong desire to farm in the more modern way the way which brings success. Plan to spend a few weeks or months, If possible, at the college this winter. All of these schools have short courses for those farmers, young and old, who cannot be away from home for any length of time, but in these courses, the time Is so fully taken 21 Farmers Learning to Pick Apples. up morning, afternoon and evening, that the wide-awake farmer can ac complish a great amount in a very short time. A course in general agriculture Is given for farmers, who do not care to specialize In any particular branch of farming, but wish to secure a better knowledge of all phases of agriculture. It includes work In soil fertility, farm management, farm crops, poultry raising, dairying In all of its branches, animal husbandry, horticulture, in sect study, and plant diseases. . A study of these subjects will in crease the earning capacity of every farmer. Feeding Place. Don't throw duck feed in the filth. Feed in troughs, and only what can be eaten clean. Take out whatever Is left over. Keep ducks In good appe tite. The duck has no crop like the chicken. Therefore soft foods are necessary. Negligence With Seeds. Poor seed only shows negligence on the part ot the farmer. He can be certain of his seed if he gives It his proper attention. Useful Tool. A tool used to fight fires on the California forests combines a rake, spade and hoe. It Is compact, so that It can be carried on horseback, and weighs less than pounds. Water for Ducks. Ducks kept on land must be sup plied with fresh water three times a day. Success In Dairying. Sucoess In dairying now depends en tirely on the brains and business abil ity of the man behind the cow. Scenes' governor's AMERICANS are solely respon sible." said Edgar K. Frank, the globe trotter, the other day, "for the high cost of living encountered by tour ists. Especially did we find this the case In Japan. When Germans and English composed the travelers every thing was cheap, and even, yet, where tourists are from any other country, no attempt is made by landlords, shop keepers, and the rest to gouge in the matter of prices. But wherever goods are sold, Americans are asked more than anybody else, and they usually pay it The hotel man, as soon as he discovers you are an American, will ask you $10 a day for a room that Is not worth more than 15. and if vou ar gue the matter to a finish you will get tne room for S5. Everything else the same way. Baked Beans Surprise Britons. "At Penane we became acaualnted with the durian, a fruit It Is remark able, because the more vou eat nf It the more you want At a delicatessen here we bought American baked beans and gave the English officers on the vessel an American treat They had never eaten any before. Tou may not know that Penan Is known the world over for Its tin de posits. Most ot our tin comes from there. Both at Penang and at Kuala L.umpur, tne capital of the district, are smelters for tin. "Our next ston was' Slneanore. known as the Gateway of the East It is one of the most lmnortant and Inter esting of the eastern cities. It is the aistributlng and collecting point not only for the Malay peninsula, but for inao-Chlna and Dutch Indies. It was at a hotel here ttiHt learned what 'bathroom attached' means In an advertisement. We read the advertisement went to the hotel. ana looked in vain for the bathroom. Upon Inquiry we were shown an Im mense yard, or courtwav. reached hv crossing a bridge from the hotel proper, where bathrooms were lined up In a row, and numbered to corre spond with the numbers of the rooms. lhe Chinese practlcaly own the town. They are the wealthy part of the place and live like millionaires. Awn autos and have every other comfort Singapore Is but one and one-half de grees (80 miles) north of the eauator. Java Is only 40 hours' ride from Singa pore, but faulty boat connections pre vented us from going there. "Did you ever hear of the traveler's treeT We saw a lot of them around Singapore. They grow probably ten feet high, the branching palm-like limbs spreading out like a fan. By tearing off a branch the thirsty way farer gets from a glass to a quart of water. "Our next landing" place was Hong kong. The real name of the port is Victoria, and it Is a free treaty one no customs regulations to be gone through with. "All through China you will find Hindu policemen. There are Chinese police, too, but everywhere the pecu liarly dressed Hindu seems to be on the force. At the time ot the mutiny it was discovered that the Hindu was a man who could take care of himself in a scrimmage, and city management has seemed to recognize his worth as an officer of the peace. The Chinese are good people also In business, hon est, polite, quick calculators superior to any other orientals we met on our travels. Manila Now Healthful. "Much has been written about Ma nila, the Pearl of the Orient, and with out participating In the political prob lem of what the United States govern ment should now do with our posses sions there, I cannot refrain from say ing that our people have wrought a wonderful improvement ontheialnnHa They have cleaned them up. They are now comparatively neannrui. AH who come from eastern countries are vac cinated before they are permitted tn land, so that smallpox Is rare and ty phoid is practically unknown. There is sewerage, good schools, a better moral tone In fact no comparison can be made with the old regime. "Like all other Americans, we went to Clark's, where Americans gather, Palace. and here we saw the first soda water sign that had met our eyes In months of travel. We have made good roada there, and there Is now plenty of Ice, a plant for the making of artificial loe having been put up by our govern ment. We mooned on the Luneta, Ma nila's wonderful parkway, and visited the new Y. M. C. A. building. A Mr. Tener, cousin of Governor , Tener of Pennsylvania, Is in charge. The build ing cost over $100,000. "No one who has not been there can have any conception of the Interesting old city, with Its moss-covered walls. Its age-defying temples and beautiful shrines and innumerable objects of rare historic value that abound on all hands. Manila bay, made famous In America by the brave Dewey, was al ready the most important seaport of the Orient lying midway between the newly opening territories of North China and the thickly populated pos sessions of England In India. The Ba taan mountains loom on the left as you pass up the bay, forming a glgantio barrier between the bay and the sea, and to the left Is Cavlte, the naval town. Here was given Dewey's famous order, Tou may fire when you are ready, Gridley,' which for all time shattered the hopes of Spain for Ori ental power, and with the sinking ot her warships a rule of more than 300 years passed away. "Continuing up the bay, Manila Is brought Into closer view. The first view from the boat la charming. It looks a tree-embowered city, the sub dued colors contrasting with the vivid green of a luxuriant tropical foliage. Today it is a city of contrasts. It la a city of the east yet the younger and more vigorous west has made great changes in the quietness and drowsi ness of the old place. The Paslg river divides the city Into the north and south sides. On the south bank are the old walled city districts and on the north are the Escolta, the main busi ness artery. The junction of the Es colta and the Bridge of Spain Is the actual center of the business section, and at this point cars may be taken for nearly every part of the city and suburbs. "Manila Is a city of churches, the oldest having been built by the Order of St Augustln In 1571. On the Plaza McKinley Is the Ayuntamlento, which contains the offices of our government To the Luneta In the early evening all Manila goes. With two bands playing, people of all ages and countries and garbs stroll under the brilliant electric lights. The most important item com mercially Is the manufacture of cigars. About 20,000 people actually live on the river. On the road to La Loma is the great BUlbld penitentiary, sup posed to shelter a large number ot convicts than any other prison In the world. Fort William McKinley, seven miles from Manila on the Paslg river, Is the largest post of the United Stater army." BOUGHT HOME WITH BERRIES Maine Woman Has Been Picking and Peddling for the Last Twenty Three Years. Paying for a home by picking wild berries is the feat performed by Mrs. Seth Davis of Skowhegan, who for the last 28 years has been engaged in thta Industry. Her major berry is the rasp, berry, and she averages about fifteen bushels of these in a year. She picks about eight bushels of the field straw berries in the year and many bushels of wild blackberries. Besides picking these she peddles them out In Showhegan. She now owns a fine farm and she remarked that she had paid for It by picking berries. She not only picks berries, but she assists her husband in many ways about the farm. In the winter time she will take a load of wood with a pair of horses, go to Showhegan and find a market for it, unloading It her self. Mrs. Davis is one of the most fre quent patrons ot the public library, but she believes that life is worth more to her by outdoor air and work than It could be otherwise. Lewlston (Me.) Journal.