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About The Madras pioneer. (Madras, Crook County, Or.) 1904-current | View Entire Issue (Sept. 20, 1906)
1 'V mi : 1W- The Madras PiofiSer jtVn- l'ublislicd overv TlilirSilav by ItiIe pioneer ruijLisnlNo co.- Vn" SUB 80 R i PtIc N flATES: Ono year $1.60 Six months.. ..i ...i &5 Tlireo months..-.... -60 ADVKKTISlXcT- IIATK8 ON API'MCA.TION' irHRSDAY September do, 1906 The Eastern Oregon Land Company will sow Turkey Rtd wheat upon some of its IniidH,- obirbt f tii Ioom soil muloh. in Sherman county, this season, and they are having 400 sack shipped in for that purpose, and to permit other farmers t ive it a trial. The Turkej Red wheat is said to be the 'grentbat drouth resistant known, and it has proved the salvation of the semi-arid legions of Western Kansas. It is a strict ly Winter wheat, and would not freeze in the most severe winter weather we have; in fact, it stands the Winters of Iowa and kansas,where it is riot unusual for the ground to freeeze to u depth of three feet. The com bination of a good drouth re sistant and a hardy winter wheat would make it an ideal wheat for this section. LIGHT AHEAD. . Farmers of this locality an turning their attention to more careful methods of farming, from which apparently insig nificant fact may be gleaned inuch hope for the future ot this country. During the pasi two years we have had Buch dismal failures of our crops, that those thinking farmers who have observed the condi tions under which these fail ures resulted have decided to ab'andon the old shiftless, hap py-go-lucky methods that have characterized the farming throughout this section. And it is in this manner that cut of despair shall come hope, and out of complete failure will come fcuccess. Most of our failures in this section may be tract d to the jslip-shod methods of cultiva tion that have been followed. lo this and in all semi-arid re gions the conserving cf the soil moisture is ot paramount im portance, and a saving of the moisture is 011I3' accomplished by proper methods of cultiva tion. Failure to cultivate jneans a waste of moisture barely sufficient to begin with, leaving the -crops with insuffi cient moisture to mature them. when the long spells of drouth and the , hot winds of early summer come. , Another cause of failure is in the selection of seed grain. In this section many farmers havi year after year planted the same pld mixed seed of various kinds, shriveled and perhnpo harvested from a field that yielded not to xceedhalfa dozen bushels to the acre. And from this seed they expect to secure a good crop! , This year there is much cause or congratulations in that many Jof our farmers are coming out ol this "rut" into which the ten dency to lake things easy had drawn them. They are secur ing excellent seed grain which combines the characteristics which recommend it for this country; they are pursuing more impnved methods of cul tivation in the hope that they may conserve enough of our rainfall in the soil to tide them .over the long dry spells of early .summer; and for their industry thoy have a right to expect abundant reward. A complete supply of lgal,bjmiks for .sale lnolu()iug wurrauly and quitclaim .deeds, real, chattel and crop mortgages, ,eto. Justice qourt blanks and Justice jcourt work specialty. Notary I'ubllc. J. Brooksi Dry Earmihg The Hope of the West 1 r A Method of Producing Bountiful drops, Without litigation, In $cmi-arid Regions. Tl Thu following artlclo, by John L. Cowan, was published In tho July number 0,1 utury", nnd U ropdbllshoi tioro with tlio cotlsortt or tlto publishers, The Cuiitiiry inmiy. It contnt.is much ntorcstlng and useful Information about thu Campbell "Century1 Company. methods of dry f aiming, most cnicrtalnlugly told. (Copyright 190C, by Tub Century PA lit II. "Water moves hi thooll by capillary iitlractlou up n& readily as down. To prevent It from Hslnjr to tho 6Urfuee ..fuflr linft ImnH titnrmt himnnt.ll I till composite tlio top two inches of soli Tills answers tlio purposp of a lid on tuo natural reBervoIr, preventing tbe molaiurr from rising 10 the surface mid thus evaporating In the hot, dry imo.ph're. At Hie same lime, this hoU mulch fornix au opon, pnroU9 bed upon which tho ruin and snows fall, permitting thn raolijfuro to perflate readily through Into the compacted ground beneath. Pprclal agrioultuial implements have been designed and brought Into use for packing the sub- soli and for stlrrluu and pulverizing he Burlace, tut a detailed 'description f theso woulu bo osldu from tho pur pose of this article. After the laud has been deeply plowed, the under-soll packed by tie sub soil "packet, and tbe surface har rowed and pulverized, a full year nhould elapse before tho first crop Is planted, iu order to obtuin the best results. This seuson Is needed for tho collection ami storing .pf water In the Winter and early Spring, heavy tuinws cover the ground. "When ttiese melt in the Spring, instead of draining oil' the Burlaco or evaporating, as they have done for ages, tbey,sink into the reservoir prepared for their reception. As soon as the surface is dry enough, the ground Is harrowed over again and again, to place the soil mulch in proper condition. This is repeated after each rain until seeding time ar rives. The seed is then drilled iu Just leep enough to place it below tho soil mulch iu tbe moist, compacted soil beneath, causing germination In thu quickest possible time. After planting, tlio dry farmer does not trust to luck and Providence to do tbe rest, aud blame it all on the weather if the flnal result is failure; hut he continues to harrow over the u round after each rainfall until the mrowlngcrop Is loo far advanced to permit of this without causing its dtstruclion. By that time it covers the ground fairly well, protecting it to some extent from the sun aud hot winds, aud making the constant loosening of the soil mulch less Im perative. No sooner is the crop harvested than preparation begins for the next seed ing. The plow follows close behind the harvester, cutting a furrow seven inches Jeep, lirmuu uie.piow hhiowb the sub-soil packer, similar i.i baj.e a n HIlL 1inrrnn hll t. h tl V I n fr I II Mill! r H ' t . 1 f it.. 1 l" " "" 1 - -- - 1 wheels that cut deeply Into the plowed ground and press tho poll firmly 10 gether. Tho. packer is diawn very slowly, but all ground plowed Is packed aud harrowed before work is stopped for diuuer or the night's rest No matter how long a time must elapbo before the planting of the next t'rop, the ground Is harrowed overafter every rain, but never when It is dry. Through Winter and Hummer this erslstent and untiring stirring of the -oil mulch Is continued, whether any thing be planted or not. The dry far mer, therefore, knows no seafeon of rest or idleness. He knows that eter nal diligence is the price he must pay fur good crops. He not only believes, but practices the gospel of work", .tud.rlchly deserves the ample rewards hat arc surely his. It has been thoroughly demonstrated that rational dry fanning methods as abovo outlined, will produce from ihree to Qvo tiims the results of ordi nary farming methods on the same lands. In the sub-humid belt between t!ie ninety-seventh and the one-hun dredth meridians, the additional labor and expense amount to about twenty live per cent. West of tho one-hundredth meildiun, twice tho usual amount of labor Is necessary. This Is parllj oil Swt by a saving of more than ( .vo-thirds of tho seed, and is richly compensated for by an Increase Iu the harvest amounting to from 200 to 400 percent. Tho ordinary farmer on the plains sows forty quarts of wheat to the acre, and threshes auy where from nothing at u'.l up to twenty btisbehi. The avt-rago crop grown In Kansas for the last fourteen years has been thlr tteu bushels to the acre, and tlfteeu bushels to tho acre was tho highest average for tlio state in auy year iu (hat time. The fat more who follow the Campbell system sow only twelve quarts to the ucre, and never full to harvest from thlrly-IIve to flflyiejx shels. - T.ast year the third largest crop ever produced in Kansas ws cut, It averaged twelvo und three-quarter bushels, aggregating 75,570,867 bushels giowu upou 5,854,047 ucres of land. I'lie avcrawra cron urowu in tho stato 'by tiitru of try farming methods was Compftiiy. All rights reserved.) thlrty-sevon bushels to tho acre, u ihls averngo had been maintained throughout tho Htate, the Kansas crop Tor 1005 would havo amounted tol!10, 500,739 bushels. The aVertiiro atinuul precipitation between, the foothills of the Kooky Mountalnsand the Kansiis-Nebraska line Is l4 OS inches. Iu this arid reg ion', In which long expeilbnco Ima proved c.rdlnary aurlcultural mettiodH to bo unprofitable, thoru Is a margin of almost threo Inches over tho require ments for the successful following ( dry.fnrmlng rtiethodH; and Julesburg, Llmon, and many other Nourishing agricultural communities are living witnesses of the ctllcaoy of the Camp bell system, While an annual rain fall of twelve inches is Biifllulont to brlug to maturity any ordinary farm crop, thero are, many upecial crops that cau be grown with a good margin of profit with an annual rainfall of loss than tun Inches. Experiments aro uow in progress for the develop ment of variolic of wheat, alfalfa, and corn possessing greater drought- resibtant qualities than any now known, Knotiiih progress has been made along this Hue to provo tho en tire practicability of developing duch varieties, and there are those who do not healtato to say that the time Is noi far iu the futuro when it will be possi ble to grow crops of economic Impor tance wherever natural vegetatiou of any kind flourishes. While thn methods used in dry farming were evolved from the exper ience of private persona, without aid or encouragement from ofllclal sources yet within tho last few years tho De partment of Agriculture has made a contribution of Inestimable impor tance to the dry farming movement by making a systematic and successful search far crop plants particularly adapted to cultivation in arid anil neml-arid regions. Iu this work and in U)0 gerierui investigation of im proved methods of farming in Arid America, it has been, aud is now be ing, ably seconded by the various state agricultural schools throughout the West. While practical dry farmers have proved by their own experience on hundreds of diil'ereut farms that all the ordinary cereals, forage plants, fruits, berries ami vegetables will flourishland richly reward the agricul turist in the arid belt, if given sufll ciont care and attention, the Depart ment of Agriculture aud the various statu agricultural schools have shown that certain valuable crops can be raHe, wUI, muoll ,eiJ3 ,ab(Jr l(j!tn ()tuerH( ttIlll lhat BOme w, Uourish ... ..... oeiier wiiuoul irrigation in some parts of America than they will flour ish in any part of Humid Ameiica. 1 ir t . 1 . v orit on mene lines is in progress and Is far from being complete; but among the crops proved to be particu larly adapted to cultivation on the high, dry plaius ore dwarf Milo maize, Turkeslau alfalfa, Kulllr corn, prow, emmer, bwedltdi oats, beardless bar ley, native white stem graso, and several other native grasses. More Important than auy of these, however, Is durum, or macaroni wheat. The lirst crop Jf this of commercial impor tance grown In tho United, dtates whs harvested iu 1901, and amounted to lOO.OHO bushels.. Last year the crop exceeded lS.OOO.Ol'O bushels. It will not thrive In humid regions, requiring r..- 1... . . . . . iui im uiuoi perieci ueveiopmeut u dry climate aud a seml arld laud. The Tho variety best udapted to cultivation on the Ameilcan hiatus is Kulmnltii uurum, native to tho great plains of Kussld north of the sea of Azov, where ihe climatic conditions existing In Eastern Colorado and Western Ktusas and Nebraska aro almost exactly re produced. Experiments conducted by the Colorado State Agricultural Col- lego Jast year at Littleton, In HI IW county, resulted iu an average yield of forty-seven bushels to the acre, with out Irrigation. At Fort Collins, near by, a small irrigated field yielded forly-fivo buBhels (o the acre, but of a quality very Inferior to that grown upon 11011 Irrigated land. Exhaustive tests have shown that lor all baking purposes this wheat Is superior to uuy of thu oidlnury varieties of Winter and Spring wheat grown iu this country; and laboratory test have pioved that it contains a higher percentage of both sugar and gluten th-n do tho common varlolies, making It more palatable and more easily digested. Durum is widely known in Europe for (he man ufacture of macaroni and like pro ducts, Nearly 2,600,000 pounds of the manufactured products aud a consider able quantity of wheat and (lour are imported iulo thin country every your, for the reason that the commou varie ties grown iu America make very In. fc.'iJor maeannd, vermicelli and spa ghetti, it u probublu that Imports of theso ploduola, and of wheat anil flour for their manufacture, will show a rapid decline, and will boon ceae al together. For a tttnu the milling ln tcrcits opposed tho general planting ot dUrum wheat, asserting that Its hardness would make lu-cessnry cotdly changes In their machinery anil methods. However, In tho faco of a rapidly Increasing minnal crop of durum wheal, theso objections have virtually ceased to bo hard. Its oral cultivation will bo nitondeU with so many advantages that the milling Interests will have to adapt themselves tollj and Its prolific qualities ami suitability to lands that Bro how waste, make It udvlaablo to ralao It, evou If It should liavo to bo marketed Ht lower prices than those prevailing for less hardy varieties Tho avurage crop of durum throughout thu West last year was forty bushels to tho acre As Its cultivation becomea ntnru gen eral, It Is probable that the Center of the Atnorlcnn wheat belt will ho moved at least two hundred miles farther west. (To ho continued ) Disc harrows, disc plows, Superior gram drills, 1'. & O. potato diggers for sale at J. W. & M- A. Kobinson & Co.'s. For Rent. Three hundred and sixty acres, located 7 miles cast of Mndrasj 133 actci Under cultivation, 250 acres tillable. Will lease for a term ol years, or by the year, on shares. Hood comfortable hou$e, six rooms, and stables, granary, etc. Good well. For particulars inquire at this ollke. j I tf K AT THAT As Good as Money Can Buy The Racine & Sattley Wonder Gang Plow has proven its merit as a durable, light-drawing, clean working plow. They stand the test, and the farmer who buys one may know that he is putting his money into an HONEST plow. Sold by McTAGGART & BYE, Madras, Oregon. GREEN HOTEL F. J. BROOKS, Proprietor 0 The most popular house in the town. This is the place to go if you want the best meals, the best beds and most courteous attention, Travelers' headquaVtcrs ""'".'., ,I..'I,M.,M,I ,ll,.t.l.,'l,!.,lll ,.,I,.H,,.M,II,,.I,, ,1, LIVERY & FEED STABLE J. W. LIVINGSTON, M anager in connection with hotel. First-class livery rigs on short notice. Transient stock well fed and cared for. Our rates are very reasonable. MADRAS, OREGON MADRAS TO SHANIKO Daily Except Sunday. Special atten tentlon given to carryino express matter. Fare, $4.50; round trip, $8.00 Agent at Madras Hotel Cornett Stage & Stable Company r yVirt-ir 1 , r..y Timber hnud, Act June 3, 1678. tfOTIOE rOK PUBLICATION, U. S. I.uud Office, The Dalles, Oregon, Notice U .tiMtiby Riven tlmMn' wtmulhuico with thu pfoYlMA of the nutot OohgroM of Jtuioa, ls. eulltk'd "An ant for tieatutf tlmhor litiulft Iu llie fltMcs ot California, oro. Ron, Novnita ami. WnnltliiBton Territory," am Gxtcmluit to nil tho pulillu html sUtei by net of AiiKURt I, WW, ' fB , 1 1101 ht llutto, Ootinty of Hllyorhow, Main jif.Mon. trttin, linn till" any tiled lit tliU oltlro III roi n Rtntuiniuit No. 20.il, for tho imrthatu of tho u nw iiuart-Jrniut n'i no ipiartcr, noottO, to ia ? rllo.wta, .And will offer proof trt. iliow that tho land fjoiiRlit are moro vnluntilo for tljo .timber or itonvtlioruon tliaii for nRtlcultural mirroirit. nnd to eitnhlUh 111 t-Ulm to nold Uiul )'u(ortS II. V. Kills, V. 8. commlRMoncr, nt hUorllca in Diiiul, Orcuoii. 011 Novaiutior 11, IWM. He imiaoi ait wltmWiCftt AnnSlla HIoaii, of llutto, Moatftrm, nail A. P, Oonnluie, V. K. Dnyton nnd William Hunt, nil ot hnldlnw, Orugou. Any nmi nil portoni Ulmln ndvorRoly tlio nhovo-ilpicrlbcd Inndi nro rciiictot to lllo their idnlniR In till of lint oil or hoforo ld llth dny of Noretnlipr. lOOrt. MICH A Kb T. N01.AN, w-nll ItonUtur. NOTICU VOll PUBLICATION. Department uf the Interior. L iiid Ollluu utTho Dtlles, Or., s 8i'it..t. 100(1, Notice Ih lieroby given that William C. Ilathlin, of AludniH, Oregon, has (lied notlco of his intention to make final commutation proof In stippoit of hie claim, viz: Homestead entry No 13123, Hindi December 10, HH13, for tho o half m quarter and 0 half no quarter of tuu 21, tp 0 h, r 13 v, w iu, And that said proof will ho math before l. 1' Ilea, U. 8. Cotumlrjuloin-r, at his olllcc In Madras, Oregon, on Oetoher4, 1000 He names the following wltnciuton to prove his contliiuotiH ruMldenuo upou, and cultivation of, tho laud, viz: P N. Vibbrrt, U T. Larson, (loorgi Miuiner and William lirovvnliill, all of Madras, Oregon Iioiiai:i. T. NObAX, fl o4 Iteglster. MOULDBOA tamm met; RD ! t-r-r-, WC-C.'S Sal.. ii Ui-L m SEE 1 door LOU0KS SROTHS THE DALLES Plio IDallQB, oli A PRIVATE HOS 'or tlm treatment t,f x -uruiual dlseuscd, exctpti "iitNglous. PATIEHT8 MAI EMPLOT 1 OWN PHTummi rrwIoliiL' School fr haiiulij miii. for liiroriiutlnueotmd ini mldrrai tiaA of Xtintt. HOSPITflli Hll Krom $10 to $21 per wttk.ii rotn, Including lioid'ili iioiini. Kor further liifurruitloDi Fine Handmade When In nei of Htit! ee toy lull unefr utM.ln liutttt mu4!nm IIIIU i""" 1 light ImuvM. lUMmi Best California Umm All U.irnft4 fltrirllr tuU (lITAitAS'TEED A Full line ol WhM ... ti .. .1 i-d linlieri), lH'Uf" Alwoya o a HjsJ. Uu....lrlnir. All MI 1 mill protiipdyi'M B. S. LAfiKIH, mm A. M. WILLIAMS! DEAWRSI!' nrv GnotJs. ClotS Furnishing Co U00TS ASOSHOH 1IAT8 ASP CAB ; THE DALLES COLUMBIA RAILWAY 8 Houtu Uouuit h'o, 1, I Dully I ai ii.m, 2.S9 p.m.: 29 p.n. B.lip.m.! xiH.ni. ii ii ii .:Kp.in 3.isp.m. 3.w p.m. j.osp.in. 4.29 p.m. lKktnr IS 0.r ".U!H ii ii ii i f.K ii m I tuip-'fl mm $ ! Arrive p. 0.p.w-i. '-Z.u for iTTTTmnt tCAl ' ..uimllt0lUi.,n.i i Jtift - irriiiiui' Liutl OflW"'" g,pi S'ntlcO HOUK, UlltlOO ,nm ml of. J' V1 ICO Ol ' iinulati0" of I'""" a WWW bu'" tlulni. . vizi Ir! in 111 itiBt iiber n, . J 6, tp 18 '.lit a. P A II" )tlie OolotxfOi'rjj.wlH duo r V rii. iitnrfl nrave ... liar cuiiMr inu. '"Ti . MUU .ion n of Lmouto FoldinE Stee WmmM