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About The Eugene City guard. (Eugene City, Or.) 1870-1899 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 21, 1899)
Ml iiS II , A VI. MX 8TATE1CENT OT TUB CAUSEH WHICH HAVE LED TO CLAHU m SOUTH AFHTCA. (.. Mou rn Tki t 1 lr W U frum II -H a 8YLVE8TER 1 4 . Mm BY 0YRTJ8 the uatlve tribe. The llrUn.li contest ed tin' alleged right, lu MM eni.niol pntluii was proclaimed In ilio olnuy. which till t Inu had U'fii peopled by British ud Dutek alike. What added to tin' grievance f the liner was tliut tin- slaveowners aumug tllCIll tWelvcd II IMIlllM'llMtt It'll ..I'lilTS on Loudon which they wtfi compelled to cash on the spot at ruinous rates The great exodus, or trek, of 1S.HI van the result. Some ti.XH liners by a concerted movement almudoued Capo Colony ami moved on to the uukuowu Interior. The bitter memory of their ufferlnirt from hunger ami thirst ati'l from the attack of mi v age DatlTM re main as a legacy of luii v.l mining their descendants to this day At the Orange river the trckkera dl- ly dUpOMNl hh HI Mr. lll.ldstotie. do- '. . . th.. i lira alien lawa of the TnUM veil republic constitute n breach of Cue LotKiotl conventions and that eou ti illy f.i d documents are annulled In .ai-. he argues, the suzerainty la Mill hi force. I - bl) tee t Ion flaw in Mr. Cham berlain's argument, bid it Ih bucked up ty British gnus. Thin sort of MM M wo. i In fore, hut uot against Ilia Raam. Wilml.gli Q I8M England definitely mi pji rlfli tllj reoouncad ail right to latetfcie In tbe Internal government if the Transvaal, she now makes very distinct dentaiMl, She SAM th"' i tdki rnl limn pan I law which Will make any white man eligible to full right of citizenship after a live year- OER BAYS- Tii iv m It hf- eauaa ot the Bold a a .lluu.unda. una- niched FVJJtt anv. JJSjT ii Jo tFI t the j,r THH BRITON SAYS W bellied yau B I lie Ki "ire, W le.U.d tSJO sta.d mo d J. uric U. WauAM the attU. Wo aetk only 0 WtKl 00 -Jeets In a' la 1 1ft neat a -nlti. :Vu demand eqaal f runubtic. Wi pa-r nlne I lit., would mean political eX ft a ' . Do1 tluetloa for a . dee? vote Tfao aaWtW ou(kt ta rule. T k .1 J . UQ1 . J...... W . V1.U.' ll.l.Ml. ... AQ7 . UUH ww onUiad nerer to Into- roar rOIe aaa wwm .are la oar Intaraal corera- alpal. Yon TOh varF maul. Raw 70a Itrnore taoaO halad. aoaTaatlaaa. Wa want ao EbvIb umona Ma nation kaa tko right ta or ultl.ru. Yoo are Immoral laolata Haalf la a land full at and Tieioae- Ton woaia not atoa unu oiianu. - -autka good aaro-aara. anlr Ul oiviii.ad. Too aura rel!rtou. Mof a. oar law pleoat 1 aJe free to CO av lawa pleoaa r on not, Wa aaa bare to atar. arrar. If Uod will It, wa will Oobt o will wo. to tbe death. rVasoocafcer Btalaba Hill. W da. jEEBSESSSSSSSSSSSS n . I . I. f e or trcK. BOUieuuiea mej luusm. ' The quarrel between the British and . .rHWiCH.i tbe Boers has Its complications, but , whgn flnttuy movod beyond th even at this distance It is possible to 1 Vaal rlver tuey thought they were during ulsh the cualu points of tho eon. 1 f f av Bnalllsh. Tho country trnwv It Is not tbe whole truth to say that this la merely another case of Brltlah land grabbing. Neither is It entirely fair to charge the blame wholly to Boer stubbornness. There are two bVIus to this as to every other ques- Mm i Krai in HatT-ai Mm u mam FJ ra Btmm bat moat raoaot photogT-pb. tton. Before you glvo your sympathy to either contestant there oro a few tacts which ought to bo considered. Here they are: iTie Boers were tho original settlers Ot the country now known as the Oransvsal republic If we leavo out ot safe from the English. Tho country was a savage Infested wilderness, uui somebody discovered gold and dia monds In the Boer territory. Then the English moved In and began to work the mine. The Boer are not miners. Tho golden rocks of the Hand would remain uncrushed forever If thoy had their way. They wish only to till their farms, raise their stock and read their Bibles. But the gutter of gold and tho glint of diamonds attracted more and more sons of Britain. Men of other coun- 1 tries came too. There were some uer ' mans and a few American. The Boers call them all ulUanders, or outlanders. 1 1, la an axnrpRslve name. i- tho nltlnnders became more numerous than the Boers. There are 1 now in tho Transvaal about 245,000 whites. Of this number mora than imnv am KnirllHh. Beside thee. ' there are 80,000 Germans, 10,000 Amer icans and n few hundreds of almost j every other race on the globe. Bo tho Boers are actually In a minority In , their own land. The remainder of I their 1,000.000 population 1 composed j of blacks, chiefly Kaffirs. But this little handful of, say, 00,- nnn it,,. .1 liaa retained absolute sway vw . ..... . In the territory which was wrested from the savages. Eor all practical purposes only native Boers have full rights of franchise. They make tho laws, levy tho taxes arid grip with jealous hand the rein of government. Toward the uitlandcrs tho Boer at titudo ha been aggressive, nutocratlc ontl possibly oppressive. It depend of view. The British min ers have had to pay handsomely for the privilege of taking out the treas ures which ths Boers themselves neg- locted. They have been heavily taxea. They have been bled by government monopolies. True, they have prospered and grown enormously rich in spite of It all. But ao have the Boers, and It Is the Eng Uah who have done tho work. Tear r s ir wi. as V0 8 laaWI a-alltw .l3e 3i M3K. '1.: 4 -V... ii mi'grxm 0-:: a. - J. 11 mm- it -aaMWBJlrW'M.. YI TV .T ilk i eoatrlbuH d by Dlttaaderft The state wblcli ihey (bund nearly baakrapt has BOW an aOCUmulatad .uiplua of some 115,000,000. Th .1 art nol mtrt birds of passage III 1! . ugh tlie laud, aeeiimulatltig 'wealth and nturnliig to spetuL It In their 0WH Country. Tbt ulthiwfler. bo far as tho lawa allow him, has itimlo 1 his home lu the Transvaal. Ills chll lilreti have boon l"ru there. The mag ! ultleent ellntate and the w ealth of the I aalL narieetad bv the liner, give every tnaranttt of tbt pannananl ittlVtottdH ut generations. It Is exaetly that ponMBOtlt settle uient whleh the Itoer statesman dread. Nor does ho dread It without reason. The denial of the suffrage Is not the uuly gritvalKt Of the ultlauder. lie COmplaUia of unjust aud oppressive taxation, of the inlsuse of the proeeeds In eorruptloti of the civil servhv. Th Boer Iiiim little reason to complain of either abuse. The taxes by which the treasurv is tilled are not levied upou him. lie eoiisutnes his 0WS untaxed prod net. EU hs tOW wants which Coret bin tO contribute to the duties lot tod on Imparts, No long as it is uot his money Hint Is waMed he cares lit tle what bee. unes of It. MolimiolleH have been Imposed upon everything lioiii mining machinery to mineral Wton, and after enriching 1 1 r own coffers to tbt bursting iwiut the shrewd minded liners have ex pended 11 goodly fruition of tbt lt niilnlm: revenue to ar.a and eoulp their eountrymen with the most mod ern munitions of war In anticipation of coming minnt. Aeeordini: to the malcontent, it has heroine a habit with the Uorr to hold on., hiiiul on the throat of the ultlauder and the other M his family Bible. Then the ulllanders have BO video In eduentlotial matters Their children are taught 1 nly the crude liner patois III the public SCOOOIS, Ihey ale rjl tiled the frttdmn Of IbO press ami. Ill partalB ways, even fraWaon of ipoMfei for It Is erlmliial to hold public meet lugs. They have no power III the mu nicipal government Of .loliannesburg, and w hen tttoy tpponr for trial they lo to CM fore Juries er Hut.ii burghers. The prtOtdsnl has the right to expel any rMBakOf of tbt eniiiinunlly from the republic Ithoi't trial. lu fact, .v. I'.Mliltig pni slide has lon done to tUmluat tbt Anglo-Saxon sotit the number of ublebodled Boert uhii can bear arms. The real army Is tilt nation In arma. It Is Impossible to ivt tnet tlguret niieernliig Its strength. A tiermaa irmy olll. er who recently made a re port OD the liner tlghtlug htrength sayt he asked nu n and Isiys of all age In ill stations of life lu all parts of the Pranavaal whether they would go to arae. If It eauie to war. without over rtctlvlng a negatlrt or even a doubt ful answer. Bven tho oldest men ns, tin t thought they would lio gooa tor TOTJNO BOBU AND iu:l 1 isil HOliDIBU. viaed into two parties, otic or which founded the Orange Free Btnte. The other, continuing fnrtlMT enstward, fouudtxl Natal. Both gtntes were con quered by the Kngllsli. A majority of the Boers, once more tleehig from Brit. ih tiiriii.li. mi crossed tbt river Vaal and Intrenched themselves In their present position In the Transvaal ffpm four rival sovereignties were established whoao Internecine feuds 1 MAP SHOWING SITUATION OF TBANBVAAL. miestion tho savage African tribes grhom they subdued. Their ancestors .went to South Africa from Holland. Boer Is Dutch for farmer. That Is That tbe wosd means, and that Is what they are. . wi- . d,.. .otttivrl in Cane Colo- 1UI uni -. " - - 1 ny. Trouble wtth the Mm to move farther inland and . fnrther north. They would build thelt rjuls in one place and tay there uu B the encroachments of tbe English , fciatla It neea-aary for them to fight after year thoraxes have become high- in spite of tbe Indignant protests aent to England. In .the meantime to ttofal of the two countries, the little re public and the great g swung through several interesting The first time the Boers and tbe Eng lish clashed was when both were set tied in what is new Cape Colony. Tbere came up the question of slavery. Tbt Boars claimed a right to easlar. hi ll rOKISTIKB WALKKU. Wno ootaroia4i Brltlab ton-at in Suutb Alrtea.1 were flually harmonized by B uulou In to one republic, lu 1W8 tbt grotiwet, or fuudamental law. was patted by a .peclal volksraail elected for the pur poe, and ll still remains as the noml ul constitution of the country Hut the Boon found themselves un . w itli the Mil ace natives. ami 10 av - - v.. 1... na mamA Ihelll OU tTtrl side nllll vruu 11 u . .. - . - threatened the security not only of the Boers themselves, but of their HiitM neighbors. Yielding partly 10 I desire for self protection, partly to a show ot British force, the Boers consenie.l annexation with the British empire I" eulte of the protest of Oum Ptul Km ger aud other sturdy minded fOOOg patriot. Bo for awhile tbe Boors and Itrltl h fought the blacks side by side, but th" Boer fretted under the British yoke, and under tbe plea that Britain had nol performed her prouiUe tbt rott 1 rebelUon in 1HH0 and. after the bloody victory of Majuba 1HU, succeeded In again establishing then- iBdtOtfitlenes "ubjeet to th suzerainty of her muj eety." The treaty which contain.. I these words was signed at Pretoria in August, 188L In 1883 the Boers sent a deputation to Loadon to secure the abolition of the ueralnty. OUdstone was In pow er then, and under his leaderahlp a BtW agreement was slgued by which Bog land gave up her right of tottralntl except In regard to treaties with for elan power aud the Orange Fret Bute This was signed In Indon In 18&4 and the do.-ttments are now known sa the London conventions. The interpretation of this sgrcement was the obJeet of tbt dlrtilon which has led un to the present stat of fTtlr. Mr. Ouatuberlaln, not being o klad- resiihi.ee wltliOUl roisiveariug alio i..... .. 1., ills native country At prOBtnt tilt otil UtUtsnt entitled .. v..u. for iiivshhtit of the Hoer re- pnlilit ure those who wore resident i,( the i iaiisvnnl pri I. us to 1.S7U or abe carried sraus roi ti o gofotuajoai In any of I tbe rattuua wnis of lata twniaSasn 1 ' eniiu. IIilBfgse noaj to wlilte mail Y Otars of these iuall- it. ...ii.. 11 me l.aowti ill Hist enisa burgbera, and. so far as Bumbtat go. tbtl Wt In a rkneulout uilioruy. .Slamlfl lire n 01 ll I I BTt )ear r,....u i.iu 1 la araniad the H iers would Raul Iknmaalraa si, , lily leg I -iliitisl out Of tXllttOCe. Sh'ii a roneaaafOB would bBOd over Ibe WMm of the gOVtm- meiit to the ultlandera. Do you won der the) i. hi. i t V still, tbere rt 1 lain tne grievance m (lie ultlan.lt 1 1- Beta of tlieta deserve ti, he rJastwil s itltt H ' broti ff biai klegs fl ill . ll f- M in 'Hers of tbt aaiHtfi mii lii found ill the street of Jobanni l Yet tut majority are uot of ti.N il iserintlon, r,e t ho lea Of Iran 'giants were nattiitilh - COmpoOl I In part of gambler and advtntorsrai MM iMsOt were soon . I ' 'v1 earne t. prtv tlcul workers, hy men of brawn and brains. They winked the mineral wealth of the 'country: Ihey spent their savings In opening out mines, iu put ting up the llnest machluery. In costly experl its of every kind; they col lected the . en st . nglueeit and man agers, Bisayers and chemists from all the mining eeBterS of iho world; they redeemeil III land from riraOlatJOO' they bOlll the lOWOtl H oy COVtltfMCtOd the railroads; tlwy tOtabtJatsai Hie coin M ' Tj aaTdSl I FT rrmai ikishs. yeast that has been leavening tho Dutch lump or that uisiraugni rvyuv tlc. The government's method of prdtect lug the Netherlands railroad forms an other giieviinee. I he ehurges for car rying PtOttngtrS ami freight are rlglit iv ....im.hiliieil of as exorbitant. The average charge for freight In tho Uult- Bd states Is half a cent per mile, in Euglaud It Is three fourth or a cent o rubral jocnr.BT. innmrnindar lo chltl 01 Ilia Ik lorwal raerce; they fought In tbe wars t gat Bit tho savage native tribes, who. despite .11 .1... ...Mirnee nml fortitude of th Boers, must anally have triumphed over them If they bad Dttfl un iugi I. A ,,!. I i.,.t tlmw nalil at aOVt tuiid a lid bra paying practically ail the taxea. It Is Ktlrnated that US per etnt of all the magnlflcent reyeoue thai flow yenrty into the coffers of the Boer government t UAJt'llA llll.U IMI.rra BY Horn Ihraahrd Hit Brttlih in 1M1.I something as long as they had Angora to pop a guu with aud eye to see a redcoat. The kaiser' Informant think th citizen army comprises ut leaat 20.000 men between the ages of ami :I3 years. Though the majority of tilt landers are exempted from military date th mnneae men will readily help their neighbors, bo thinks. Of the 00,000 black able to shoulder arms, 30,000 may bo relied upon to fight with a will. Tho nation In arms really mean an army of mounted Infantry, for every citizen soldier report for duty on horseback, nnd there are no better rid er or sharpshooters In tho world. Th German observer snys It seem to b Imposslblo to tiro out a Boer or his mount. "As to gettlug away from hit hnltata. tho KihtIIhIi have tried It once. Their losses III the war of 1880 and 1HHI were 1.160 dead and wounded against 113 Boer, who received scratches." This subject of tho remarkable flfbt lug qnaUtitl of tho Boer I a foclaat. lug ono which hna been often dealt with. In fact, 1 there has been ' Bo much exag geration that It t hard to say what I the- truth aud what. I m ero ro mancing. But even th Eng-, llsh admit thati a Boer with a rifle I a dan gerous custom er, even at K dlatauce of' 1,000 yards. anil Tommy At kins must bo much nearer than that to do'j effectlvo work. Ttio best de fense against nn luvadlug ar my, however, I found lu thei character of the' Trn nuL'till I linr- aa smut it. mi nil aides lir mountain ranges, the Boer could not be afr If ' ho had a Chinese wall all arouad bis rysO) LalktiVJi iViNrTl..,is:il. t--i wAuiai-mi. V fl HWaWgl a-aacBBBBBBBal 0fBlmlUKSmmQw9j5Stmm PW nLaWldaaaBff I J ltiHTaafraaaaaaaa aaaaCi laa altjBW W aaaCJsaaaaaaaLrT ' BTBBBT MOBNU IN JOUANNEaBBBO. These llgures throw a Inrld light upon tho potential earning of a railroad Which, like the Netherlands, cburgvs from 0 to 24 cents i-r mile. Although there are many minor ones. the aro the main grievance of tho Ultlander. and it Is because or these that England demands the right to In terfore in the Internal afTiUrs of the government, the Ijondoii convention notwithstanding. Whether the Boers ore aide to de fend their country or not Is n disputed question. On the face It would seeiu absurd that a nntlon which BbOWl 11 fighting force of only 2!.k) could suc cessfully resist the great niinh-s which Knglaud OOOid seti'l agiiltist It. Bjtt thoo figure do not truthfully repr republic. Each entrance to the Trans ....1 1 r,.,tn the north. I through .uu, aaMevfa - a mountain pass, and the Uoer hold these passes. .... i... nthaa hand, the- Beers are prscticaliy urrounded by British te rltory. Beyond the mountain wan i redcoat. Germany Is far away. Toe. only friends upou whom the Itoer csn oouut aro their urotner in ui u...a tmai uiai.. loat neros the Vaal. Hut to tho southeast, to the we si and to tbe north extends British Arnesv in Boer only path to the seu la blocked by Portuguese East Africa, and th Porttrgnaso are under British Influence. These, then, are tbt can.--, tbl tn altostlon. Now Wt can 1 ateb ta making of history. i