Ml iiS II ,
A VI. MX
8TATE1CENT OT TUB
CAUSEH WHICH HAVE LED TO
CLAHU m SOUTH
AFHTCA.
(.. Mou
rn Tki t
1 lr W
U frum
II
-H
a
8YLVE8TER 1 4
. Mm
BY 0YRTJ8
the uatlve tribe. The llrUn.li contest
ed tin' alleged right, lu MM eni.niol
pntluii was proclaimed In ilio olnuy.
which till t Inu had U'fii peopled by
British ud Dutek alike.
What added to tin' grievance f the
liner was tliut tin- slaveowners aumug
tllCIll tWelvcd II IMIlllM'llMtt It'll ..I'lilTS
on Loudon which they wtfi compelled
to cash on the spot at ruinous rates
The great exodus, or trek, of 1S.HI
van the result. Some ti.XH liners by a
concerted movement almudoued Capo
Colony ami moved on to the uukuowu
Interior. The bitter memory of their
ufferlnirt from hunger ami thirst ati'l
from the attack of mi v age DatlTM re
main as a legacy of luii v.l mining
their descendants to this day
At the Orange river the trckkera dl-
ly dUpOMNl hh HI Mr. lll.ldstotie. do-
'. . . th.. i lira alien lawa of the TnUM
veil republic constitute n breach of
Cue LotKiotl conventions and that eou
ti illy f.i d documents are annulled
In .ai-. he argues, the suzerainty la
Mill hi force.
I - bl) tee t Ion flaw in Mr. Cham
berlain's argument, bid it Ih bucked up
ty British gnus. Thin sort of MM
M wo. i In fore, hut uot against
Ilia Raam.
Wilml.gli Q I8M England definitely
mi pji rlfli tllj reoouncad ail right to
latetfcie In tbe Internal government
if the Transvaal, she now makes
very distinct dentaiMl, She SAM th"'
i tdki rnl limn pan I law which Will
make any white man eligible to full
right of citizenship after a live year-
OER BAYS-
Tii iv m It hf-
eauaa ot the Bold
a a .lluu.unda.
una-
niched FVJJtt
anv. JJSjT
ii Jo tFI
t the j,r
THH BRITON SAYS
W bellied yau
B I lie Ki "ire,
W le.U.d tSJO
sta.d mo d
J. uric U. WauAM
the attU.
Wo aetk only 0
WtKl 00 -Jeets
In a' la
1 1ft neat a -nlti.
:Vu demand eqaal f runubtic. Wi pa-r nlne
I lit., would mean political eX ft a ' . Do1
tluetloa for a . dee? vote Tfao aaWtW
ou(kt ta rule.
T k .1 J . UQ1 . J...... W .
V1.U.' ll.l.Ml. ... AQ7 . UUH ww
onUiad nerer to Into- roar rOIe aaa wwm
.are la oar Intaraal corera- alpal. Yon TOh varF
maul. Raw 70a Itrnore taoaO halad.
aoaTaatlaaa.
Wa want ao EbvIb umona Ma nation kaa tko right ta
or ultl.ru. Yoo are Immoral laolata Haalf la a land full at
and Tieioae- Ton woaia not atoa unu oiianu. - -autka
good aaro-aara. anlr Ul oiviii.ad. Too aura
rel!rtou. Mof a.
oar law pleoat
1 aJe free to CO av
lawa pleoaa r on not, Wa aaa bare to atar.
arrar.
If Uod will It, wa will Oobt o will wo.
to tbe death.
rVasoocafcer Btalaba Hill.
W da.
jEEBSESSSSSSSSSSSS
n . I . I. f e
or trcK. BOUieuuiea mej luusm. '
The quarrel between the British and . .rHWiCH.i
tbe Boers has Its complications, but , whgn flnttuy movod beyond th
even at this distance It is possible to 1 Vaal rlver tuey thought they were
during ulsh the cualu points of tho eon. 1 f f av Bnalllsh. Tho country
trnwv
It Is not tbe whole truth to say that
this la merely another case of Brltlah
land grabbing. Neither is It entirely
fair to charge the blame wholly to
Boer stubbornness. There are two
bVIus to this as to every other ques-
Mm
i
Krai
in
HatT-ai Mm
u
mam
FJ
ra
Btmm bat moat raoaot photogT-pb.
tton. Before you glvo your sympathy
to either contestant there oro a few
tacts which ought to bo considered.
Here they are:
iTie Boers were tho original settlers
Ot the country now known as the
Oransvsal republic If we leavo out ot
safe from the English. Tho country
was a savage Infested wilderness, uui
somebody discovered gold and dia
monds In the Boer territory. Then
the English moved In and began to
work the mine. The Boer are not
miners. Tho golden rocks of the Hand
would remain uncrushed forever If
thoy had their way. They wish only
to till their farms, raise their stock
and read their Bibles.
But the gutter of gold and tho glint
of diamonds attracted more and more
sons of Britain. Men of other coun-
1 tries came too. There were some uer
' mans and a few American. The Boers
call them all ulUanders, or outlanders.
1 1, la an axnrpRslve name.
i- tho nltlnnders became more
numerous than the Boers. There are
1 now in tho Transvaal about 245,000
whites. Of this number mora than
imnv am KnirllHh. Beside thee.
' there are 80,000 Germans, 10,000 Amer
icans and n few hundreds of almost
j every other race on the globe. Bo tho
Boers are actually In a minority In
, their own land. The remainder of
I their 1,000.000 population 1 composed
j of blacks, chiefly Kaffirs.
But this little handful of, say, 00,-
nnn it,,. .1 liaa retained absolute sway
vw . ..... .
In the territory which was wrested
from the savages. Eor all practical
purposes only native Boers have full
rights of franchise. They make tho
laws, levy tho taxes arid grip with
jealous hand the rein of government.
Toward the uitlandcrs tho Boer at
titudo ha been aggressive, nutocratlc
ontl possibly oppressive. It depend
of view. The British min
ers have had to pay handsomely for
the privilege of taking out the treas
ures which ths Boers themselves neg-
locted. They have been heavily taxea.
They have been bled by government
monopolies.
True, they have prospered and grown
enormously rich in spite of It all. But
ao have the Boers, and It Is the Eng
Uah who have done tho work. Tear
r s ir wi. as
V0 8
laaWI a-alltw .l3e
3i M3K. '1.:
4 -V...
ii mi'grxm 0-:: a. - J.
11 mm-
it -aaMWBJlrW'M.. YI TV .T ilk
i eoatrlbuH d by Dlttaaderft The state
wblcli ihey (bund nearly baakrapt has
BOW an aOCUmulatad .uiplua of some
115,000,000.
Th .1 art nol mtrt birds of passage
III 1! . ugh tlie laud, aeeiimulatltig
'wealth and nturnliig to spetuL It In
their 0WH Country. Tbt ulthiwfler. bo
far as tho lawa allow him, has itimlo
1 his home lu the Transvaal. Ills chll
lilreti have boon l"ru there. The mag
! ultleent ellntate and the w ealth of the
I aalL narieetad bv the liner, give every
tnaranttt of tbt pannananl ittlVtottdH
ut generations.
It Is exaetly that ponMBOtlt settle
uient whleh the Itoer statesman dread.
Nor does ho dread It without reason.
The denial of the suffrage Is not the
uuly gritvalKt Of the ultlauder. lie
COmplaUia of unjust aud oppressive
taxation, of the inlsuse of the proeeeds
In eorruptloti of the civil servhv. Th
Boer Iiiim little reason to complain of
either abuse. The taxes by which the
treasurv is tilled are not levied upou
him. lie eoiisutnes his 0WS untaxed
prod net. EU hs tOW wants which
Coret bin tO contribute to the duties
lot tod on Imparts, No long as it is uot
his money Hint Is waMed he cares lit
tle what bee. unes of It.
MolimiolleH have been Imposed upon
everything lioiii mining machinery to
mineral Wton, and after enriching
1 1 r own coffers to tbt bursting iwiut
the shrewd minded liners have ex
pended 11 goodly fruition of tbt lt
niilnlm: revenue to ar.a and eoulp
their eountrymen with the most mod
ern munitions of war In anticipation of
coming minnt.
Aeeordini: to the malcontent, it has
heroine a habit with the Uorr to hold
on., hiiiul on the throat of the ultlauder
and the other M his family Bible.
Then the ulllanders have BO video
In eduentlotial matters Their children
are taught 1 nly the crude liner patois
III the public SCOOOIS, Ihey ale rjl
tiled the frttdmn Of IbO press ami. Ill
partalB ways, even fraWaon of ipoMfei
for It Is erlmliial to hold public meet
lugs. They have no power III the mu
nicipal government Of .loliannesburg,
and w hen tttoy tpponr for trial they lo
to CM fore Juries er Hut.ii burghers.
The prtOtdsnl has the right to expel
any rMBakOf of tbt eniiiinunlly from
the republic Ithoi't trial.
lu fact, .v. I'.Mliltig pni slide has lon
done to tUmluat tbt Anglo-Saxon
sotit the number of ublebodled Boert
uhii can bear arms.
The real army Is tilt nation In arma.
It Is Impossible to ivt tnet tlguret
niieernliig Its strength. A tiermaa
irmy olll. er who recently made a re
port OD the liner tlghtlug htrength sayt
he asked nu n and Isiys of all age In
ill stations of life lu all parts of the
Pranavaal whether they would go to
arae. If It eauie to war. without over
rtctlvlng a negatlrt or even a doubt
ful answer. Bven tho oldest men ns,
tin t thought they would lio gooa tor
TOTJNO BOBU AND iu:l 1 isil HOliDIBU.
viaed into two parties, otic or which
founded the Orange Free Btnte. The
other, continuing fnrtlMT enstward,
fouudtxl Natal. Both gtntes were con
quered by the Kngllsli. A majority of
the Boers, once more tleehig from Brit.
ih tiiriii.li. mi crossed tbt river Vaal
and Intrenched themselves In their
present position In the Transvaal
ffpm four rival sovereignties were
established whoao Internecine feuds
1
MAP SHOWING SITUATION OF TBANBVAAL.
miestion tho savage African tribes
grhom they subdued. Their ancestors
.went to South Africa from Holland.
Boer Is Dutch for farmer. That Is
That tbe wosd means, and that Is what
they are. .
wi- . d,.. .otttivrl in Cane Colo-
1UI uni -. " - - 1
ny. Trouble wtth the
Mm to move farther inland and .
fnrther north. They would build thelt
rjuls in one place and tay there uu
B the encroachments of tbe English ,
fciatla It neea-aary for them to fight
after year thoraxes have become high-
in spite of tbe Indignant protests
aent to England.
In .the meantime to
ttofal of the two countries, the little re
public and the great g
swung through several interesting
The first time the Boers and tbe Eng
lish clashed was when both were set
tied in what is new Cape Colony.
Tbere came up the question of slavery.
Tbt Boars claimed a right to easlar.
hi ll rOKISTIKB WALKKU.
Wno ootaroia4i Brltlab ton-at in Suutb Alrtea.1
were flually harmonized by B uulou In
to one republic, lu 1W8 tbt grotiwet,
or fuudamental law. was patted by a
.peclal volksraail elected for the pur
poe, and ll still remains as the noml
ul constitution of the country
Hut the Boon found themselves un
. w itli the Mil ace natives.
ami 10 av - -
v.. 1... na mamA Ihelll OU tTtrl side nllll
vruu 11 u . .. - . -
threatened the security not only of the
Boers themselves, but of their HiitM
neighbors. Yielding partly 10 I desire
for self protection, partly to a show ot
British force, the Boers consenie.l
annexation with the British empire I"
eulte of the protest of Oum Ptul Km
ger aud other sturdy minded fOOOg
patriot.
Bo for awhile tbe Boors and Itrltl h
fought the blacks side by side, but th"
Boer fretted under the British yoke,
and under tbe plea that Britain had nol
performed her prouiUe tbt rott 1
rebelUon in 1HH0 and. after the bloody
victory of Majuba 1HU, succeeded In
again establishing then- iBdtOtfitlenes
"ubjeet to th suzerainty of her muj
eety." The treaty which contain.. I
these words was signed at Pretoria in
August, 188L
In 1883 the Boers sent a deputation
to Loadon to secure the abolition of
the ueralnty. OUdstone was In pow
er then, and under his leaderahlp a BtW
agreement was slgued by which Bog
land gave up her right of tottralntl
except In regard to treaties with for
elan power aud the Orange Fret
Bute This was signed In Indon In
18&4 and the do.-ttments are now
known sa the London conventions. The
interpretation of this sgrcement was
the obJeet of tbt dlrtilon which has
led un to the present stat of fTtlr.
Mr. Ouatuberlaln, not being o klad-
resiihi.ee wltliOUl roisiveariug alio
i..... .. 1., ills native country
At prOBtnt tilt otil UtUtsnt entitled
.. v..u. for iiivshhtit of the Hoer re-
pnlilit ure those who wore resident
i,( the i iaiisvnnl pri I. us to 1.S7U or
abe carried sraus roi ti o gofotuajoai
In any of I tbe rattuua wnis of lata
twniaSasn 1 ' eniiu. IIilBfgse noaj
to wlilte mail Y Otars of these iuall-
it. ...ii.. 11 me l.aowti ill Hist enisa
burgbera, and. so far as Bumbtat go.
tbtl Wt In a rkneulout uilioruy.
.Slamlfl lire n 01 ll I I BTt )ear
r,....u i.iu 1 la araniad the H iers would
Raul Iknmaalraa si, , lily leg I -iliitisl out
Of tXllttOCe. Sh'ii a roneaaafOB would
bBOd over Ibe WMm of the gOVtm-
meiit to the ultlandera. Do you won
der the) i. hi. i t V
still, tbere rt 1 lain tne grievance m
(lie ultlan.lt 1 1- Beta of tlieta deserve
ti, he rJastwil s itltt H ' broti ff
biai klegs fl ill . ll f- M in 'Hers of tbt
aaiHtfi mii lii found ill the street of
Jobanni l Yet tut majority are
uot of ti.N il iserintlon,
r,e t ho lea Of Iran 'giants were
nattiitilh - COmpoOl I In part of
gambler and advtntorsrai MM iMsOt
were soon . I ' 'v1 earne t. prtv
tlcul workers, hy men of brawn and
brains. They winked the mineral
wealth of the 'country: Ihey spent their
savings In opening out mines, iu put
ting up the llnest machluery. In costly
experl its of every kind; they col
lected the . en st . nglueeit and man
agers, Bisayers and chemists from all
the mining eeBterS of iho world; they
redeemeil III land from riraOlatJOO'
they bOlll the lOWOtl H oy COVtltfMCtOd
the railroads; tlwy tOtabtJatsai Hie coin
M ' Tj aaTdSl
I FT
rrmai ikishs.
yeast that has been leavening tho
Dutch lump or that uisiraugni rvyuv
tlc.
The government's method of prdtect
lug the Netherlands railroad forms an
other giieviinee. I he ehurges for car
rying PtOttngtrS ami freight are rlglit
iv ....im.hiliieil of as exorbitant. The
average charge for freight In tho Uult-
Bd states Is half a cent per mile, in
Euglaud It Is three fourth or a cent
o rubral jocnr.BT.
innmrnindar lo chltl 01 Ilia Ik lorwal
raerce; they fought In tbe wars t gat Bit
tho savage native tribes, who. despite
.11 .1... ...Mirnee nml fortitude of th
Boers, must anally have triumphed
over them If they bad Dttfl un iugi
I. A ,,!. I
i.,.t tlmw nalil at aOVt tuiid a lid bra
paying practically ail the taxea. It Is
Ktlrnated that US per etnt of all the
magnlflcent reyeoue thai flow yenrty
into the coffers of the Boer government
t
UAJt'llA llll.U
IMI.rra BY Horn Ihraahrd Hit Brttlih in 1M1.I
something as long as they had Angora
to pop a guu with aud eye to see a
redcoat.
The kaiser' Informant think th
citizen army comprises ut leaat 20.000
men between the ages of ami :I3
years. Though the majority of tilt
landers are exempted from military
date th mnneae men will readily
help their neighbors, bo thinks. Of
the 00,000 black able to shoulder
arms, 30,000 may bo relied upon to
fight with a will.
Tho nation In arms really mean an
army of mounted Infantry, for every
citizen soldier report for duty on
horseback, nnd there are no better rid
er or sharpshooters In tho world. Th
German observer snys It seem to b
Imposslblo to tiro out a Boer or his
mount. "As to gettlug away from hit
hnltata. tho KihtIIhIi have tried It once.
Their losses III the war of 1880 and
1HHI were 1.160 dead and wounded
against 113 Boer, who received
scratches."
This subject of tho remarkable flfbt
lug qnaUtitl of tho Boer I a foclaat.
lug ono which hna been often dealt
with. In fact,
1 there has been '
Bo much exag
geration that It
t hard to say
what I the-
truth aud what.
I m ero ro
mancing. But
even th Eng-,
llsh admit thati
a Boer with a
rifle I a dan
gerous custom
er, even at K
dlatauce of'
1,000 yards.
anil Tommy At
kins must bo
much nearer
than that to do'j
effectlvo work.
Ttio best de
fense against
nn luvadlug ar
my, however,
I found lu thei
character of the'
Trn nuL'till I linr-
aa smut it. mi nil aides lir mountain
ranges, the Boer could not be afr If '
ho had a Chinese wall all arouad bis
rysO) LalktiVJi
iViNrTl..,is:il.
t--i
wAuiai-mi.
V fl HWaWgl a-aacBBBBBBBal 0fBlmlUKSmmQw9j5Stmm
PW nLaWldaaaBff I J ltiHTaafraaaaaaaa aaaaCi laa altjBW W aaaCJsaaaaaaaLrT '
BTBBBT MOBNU IN JOUANNEaBBBO.
These llgures throw a Inrld light upon
tho potential earning of a railroad
Which, like the Netherlands, cburgvs
from 0 to 24 cents i-r mile.
Although there are many minor ones.
the aro the main grievance of tho
Ultlander. and it Is because or these
that England demands the right to In
terfore in the Internal afTiUrs of the
government, the Ijondoii convention
notwithstanding.
Whether the Boers ore aide to de
fend their country or not Is n disputed
question. On the face It would seeiu
absurd that a nntlon which BbOWl 11
fighting force of only 2!.k) could suc
cessfully resist the great niinh-s which
Knglaud OOOid seti'l agiiltist It. Bjtt
thoo figure do not truthfully repr
republic. Each entrance to the Trans
....1 1 r,.,tn the north. I through
.uu, aaMevfa -
a mountain pass, and the Uoer hold
these passes.
.... i... nthaa hand, the- Beers are
prscticaliy urrounded by British te
rltory. Beyond the mountain wan i
redcoat. Germany Is far away. Toe.
only friends upou whom the Itoer csn
oouut aro their urotner in ui u...a
tmai uiai.. loat neros the Vaal. Hut
to tho southeast, to the we si and to tbe
north extends British Arnesv in
Boer only path to the seu la blocked
by Portuguese East Africa, and th
Porttrgnaso are under British Influence.
These, then, are tbt can.--, tbl tn
altostlon. Now Wt can 1 ateb ta
making of history.
i