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About The Eugene City guard. (Eugene City, Or.) 1870-1899 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 5, 1885)
PLANT GROWTH. The Relatloa Which the Preparation thl Moll tVrmn to lro'turllnn. Thote who are able to compare 'be manner whch the farmer of to-d.i prepare the noil for garde i ami field crops, wth tb it whchwai p c e' fifty jears ago, can in some d .'"' realize the progress which biw Iw' made in the proluctionof tamp' duct. Fifty 7e Za lhe ''" '" ' possessed but very few Impl.-ni it adapted to the work of pulver ting tit oil; not one farmer in twenty ha I n . thing but the plow ami the old A h:i row, and the harrow wit v r rarely n-ed except when small gra n was aown In the spr.ng. Wr. le fanneri at that time baJ thought there was any better w iy to apply mum than to plow under the coaret. and put the fine in the h 11; then-fore few thought it ni-oeoaary to make any ellort to stir up the so 1, except to plow it, until the crop wa large enough to re quire boemg. Hut to-day this is all changed, very few farmer would think of planting, ercn Indian corn, w.thout mixing some manure with the soil, and they would not be sat sfied to do it with one of the old tooth harrow that ia no constructed at to not only greatly Ighteo up the soil but thoionghly mix the manure With It. The advantage of thi it m great that after one luirly tried it willnot be abandoned. W hen the manure i well mixed with the noil it ia U-n.-IU-ial several ways, it not only lighten up the aoiL but by so doing it leia in the warm air. which with the iuo:itiire of tin k'1. a'-t on the manure and batens decomposition; aa the manure la well mixed with the oii this doooniOHition ia taking place all over the top of the so 1 a far down aa the warm air penetrate. 'Thus the whole surface of the noil ia in a slate of activity. The rapid decomposition of the fertilizing materials not only of themselves furnish plant food, but no doubt that by the procens of changing from crude niaU-ria!a to available plant food, there ia an action on the sur rounding o 1 which transform insolu ble to soluble materials that is adapted to the growth of plant. Thus the pul verizing of the soil and the mixing of manure w,th it accomplishes three ob jects, all of which are important for plant growth. In our eO'orla to properly prepare the soil we must not forget that the work not only needs to be well done, but it needs to bo done at the proper time, this is when it w 11 secure the best n-sulta, or when the plants are soon to come into a condition to need large quanti ties of well prepared plant food. If the soil be prepared so early in the spring that decompos tion in a great measure ceases before the plants begin to grow, the result will bo far from satisfactory; but if the work lie done but a very short time before the seed be planted, bv the t me the young plants begin to grow the soil w.ll be in an active state of ferment; while in this condition the voting roots can more readily penetrate it, and the soil being full of divided atoms of manure that are solublo in water, the roots readily lind all of the elements necessary to force a rapid growth of the plants. A soil that is prepared just before plant ng will koep in a better rondil on during the entire season than it possibly could b If the preparation ' was made several weeks before, became the heavy rains which usually come in the curly spring beat the ground down so hard as to retard, if it does not entirely stop deooinposi t ou before .he roots of the plants beg n to grow. If preparation tie delayed utit.l a t -r the crop is planted it w li be imposiblo to prepare o;ily what soil Is iM-tween the rows; this, it is true, will do much to force the growth of the plants, but it will not help the growth of thu plant when they first start, which Is the most important period of their growth. Hy preparing the soil before planting it can bo done better and easier than after the crop begins to grow; but the portion of the soil not .covered by the growing plants should rcotiivu constant attunt ou. Whenever tho farmer linds the soil is covoro I by a hard crust, caused by heavy rains, or from any other cause, ho should lose no tune In pulverising it w th souiu implement adapted for the purpose. I he old hanu Iioj is a very poor implement for this purpose; a small iron rake is a much better im plement. It is surprising that an im plement, so ill adapt d for pulverlmng the sod as the hoe should Imvo been so universally used for so many centuries; it probably would not have been if our ancestors had not mistaken the prin cipleobject for oultivatliigcrops. The r sole object was to k II the weeds nnd hill uplheorop by drawing up all of the loose soil around the plants, leav ing tho ground between (he rows hard and poor, neither tho air or water could penetrate it It did not occur to them that tho soil should bo kept light and loose enough for the air and water to have free access through it; so the old hoe was considered an ex cellent instrument, and in fact it was for tho purpose it was used. Hut at soon as it was found that in addition to the kill ng of weeds it was necessary to stir the soil, implement were in vented to take the place of the hoe. W'e have not yet got just what we need cultivate pnperly and easily around growing plants in the gnrdon. The wheel noes in the g.irden are not made just as they should l; most of them are too heavy, and they fail to leave the soil as tine as it should be; in fact the inventors, most of them, still keep to the idea that all the work to be done i to kilt the weeds; and we are sorry to I oblig.-d to acknowiidge that in ni:nv gurden they fail to do even that, for a hanl ubeol ho-, if not run through the gan.en l-e'ore the get or two inches hk'h. it is a worse Implement than the common hoe N hen the w heel hoe is to be used .tniut I e start ed as aoon a the wrett are up, and run often enough to prevent tlie:u ever gati ng more than two incite high. 5b wheel ho when nm th ough the guidon often enough can be made to go over a quarter of an aere of land in les than one hour and a half, for I. eld crops the horse hoe and cultivator should I o use I. lie who would crow the larart -rop witn the expenditure of the least llor an 1 material -h nil M-e t it tint hit so I U th irongbly prepare! jut b f.it the seed is planted, and also after the planta are up mat tne sou is sums often enough to keep a crust from form ing on tne sur'ace; if this ia done there will be no trouble about the weeds. UtuvhutUt Ploughman. FARM HOMES. How They Mar Mad Pleataat ea Prnflubl. It is unfortunate that there Is truth n the statem -nt lb it there Is a strong ondenc-y on the part of the children of itir great prolueer to leave the fa-ru nd Ire to the pit e. in oue-t of more rented employment, easier labor and more attractive homes. Those who know the most of city and country 1 fe rill be very slow to beliove that these farmer boys, a a whole, are bench ted br the change, taking into the account many, many dangers which surround he young in the cities with the in creased cost of living, made necessary bv its extravagances. Again, If these vonng moo have a mercantile life In mind, lot them n-member that about ninety-eight per cent of the merchants fal. atleast, once dur ng their career; some many times particulaily those who intend to make money without anv regard to moral principle! Mer cantile life Is but little less than a con stant round of care, p -rnlexity. anxiety, with almost a constant expectation of sad reverses, in connection with tinnn- c:al crises, resulting, it may be from our present banking system, which is -the best that the world ever knew" for the bankers! Farmers are the deeded pro diirrs of the world, though not tho only ones, since the man who carries his products to the market add ng to their value, the mechanic who manu facture what the f irmer needs, that he may do his work more profitably, the inventor and the man of sc ence who publishes principles which will aid the farmer any one who lightens toil and increase production, niiift be ra'iked w th produerrs. The farmer s the most independent man in sue etv. hss the fewest perplexit es and re verse, with the ereutest per cent of success the least cause for worry and fretting. It is true that he ma.- worry, predict droughts and many, many dis asters, do much to annoy h'mself. if he chooses, but no one has less occasion for such unrest, since no business is any surer of yielding a fair return for the expend ture of labor and general out lays. An occasional dry season may occur, but not often, an I never so se vere as to prevent nils ng something -often very much more than may have been expected, if we may judre bv the murmuring of some of this class. E irly and late frost mav appear, but the intell gent and thoughtful farmer can do much to guard against these ca lamines. It Is possible, also, to do still more to render his boys more content and hap py on the farm, by render ng it and it surroundings and aeeompanvment more attractive. If these boy and girls, in visiting citv and village cousins, see comfortable homes, at tractive houes. book in the library, papers and magazines on the tab!e. p'c turcs on tho walls, a general air of tas'e and convenience, nnd know that there is wealth enough at homo to se cure the same, it is not matter of sur prise if thev should wish similar adorn ment, similar conveniences, to live more I ke civilied men and women. Now. from what I know of Western farmer. I am convinced that there is enough wasted on the average farm to purchase enough of the coveted arti cles of adornment to make these boys and girls happy. The g rl must have something -pretty" in the house, or they will not be sutislied. wh le no one can bla-i o them. Let tho money spent on some farms for tobacco and intox icants be invest 'd in papers and maga , nes for the table, in book for the libi-arv. In pictures for tho wife and fr rls. and the house would promotlv nssmie a new and im proved appearance! While the former do absolutely nothing to improve per sonal appearance, moral, heal h or the good of the family and society, the lat ter will do very much in all of these re spects, securing sulllc ent conlentnvnt toindu-ethrt children to stay ou lh farm. Now, let m as a farmer's son, suggest the idea of forming an aso o atTon of lilteen farmers more or less-in any community ha;iig s'ate.l ni.-eiing. with neco-s ry ollicers. having this object in ve.v. At first, ra se a moderate amount -t funds, invest in good and instrnc ive hooks, such as w.ll give the farmer needed information, w th valuable i a pers. In addi.ion to those a'ready tak -u. allowing these to betaken tothe honi , for a br of period, the r advantage to be afforded to all. in order. In this way, wdh ndlitonal improvement, such a will be suggested to the mind of the farmers and wives, avast amount of good and enjoyment may easily be obtained. Dr. J. H. Ilaniford. in Wat em Plowman. A Flowery Name. An Austin colored man. Jim Webster by name, of rather limited education, and whose memory is remarkably de fective, was recently Jblesed with son. His wife, who is more intelligent, determined that the son and heir should have a high sound ng name, and select ed a Tery beautiful one. When the child was presented to the clergyman for baptism the latter said: Name this infant" Jim seraU-hed his head for a while and finally said: id finally said: Squash." Dat no pmper name ior a t. nnsiian child." 'Sun-Flower, den." Once more the clergy nun shook h s heid Incredulously. Jim Webster leaned over and whispered to his wife to give the right name. Hyacinth." she repl ed. -Well, 1 knowed it was aome kinder garden truck." 7'cjoj Siling. An F.nglish writer pointa out the probab.litv that a smoky atmoiphere is not a wholly unmitigated eril, since it carbon and sulphur must absorb many germs of disease, and tend to prevent the spread of epidemics. THE CUCKOO. A Il'rd That 11 llrra mn Object of a- Mntllloa for Asm How It Traspiuam I'poa tb NmU of Othr niriU. The swallow and thenlghtingnle have been the themes for a prodigious amount of inditlerent verse. Hut it may be doubted whether either of these b;rd baa been the moving cause for as much po !try as the cuckoo has prose. Vol ume have been written on its habits and its distribution. Discussions, which come and go with less regularity than the bird over which they are expended, are again and a;ain raised regarding it habit of laying its eggs in the nest of other b'rds. Yet. so comparatively Iktle Is known for cert tin regarding this migrant that there is, perhaps, no single fact In its history which ia accepted without cavil by the hundreds of orni thologists who busy themselves with ita private fife. As for the country folk, they teem more Interested in the super natural powers which the superstitions of ages nave wov.-n around it than in solving the many nio t problems in its career. In Switzerland, for instance, the cuckoo Is considered to le a trans formed baker's boy, and the shepherd girl, when she tirst hears the notes of the bird, counts the number of times it ia repeated, under the belief that an equal number of years will elapse be fore she is roamed. In Germany a similar augury is drawn as to the num ber of years tne listener has to live; and in this country it i a current belief that they who hoar the tirst notes of the cuckoo with an empty poc ket are des tined to remain co nless until he d sap pears. The Dane dread to hear the cuckoo on an empty stomach, for in such case the hapless wight so placed is doomed some day to come to actual starvation. Thera is an old adage in Servia to the effect that when the cuckoo sings in a wood without leaves he is the harbinger of distress; whereas, if ho wait till the period when tho trees aro clothed, all will go weil - with, we pre sume, the person who has not been too pr.-mature in detecting the song of ill omen. The French peasant imagines that in the autumn the cuckoo changes itself into a hawk, just as the Vancouver Island Indians believe that the grouse become gulls during the winter. In short there is a mythology of this bird, just as there is a zoology; and even the philologists havecontriDuten some very learned pages to its voluminous history. The name which the bird bears is, curiously enough, nearly the same in all countries. It is. for example, the kukuka of the Sanscr t. the kuckuk of Germany, thecucco of Italy, thekokkuz of (ireccj. the gok of Sweden, the koekkoek of Holland, and the coucou of France, while the oldest English spelling gives us cuccu for a bird which evidently derives those names from Its familiar note this fact giving the stu dents of onomatopn-ia a weapon of which they have not failed to avail themselves. However, interesting thouzh the cuckoo may be from a linguistic, folk lore or geographical asjwct the one point which gives it so prominent a place in ornithological literature is ona which redounds least to it credit. II during the next few days the keen ob server chooses to keep a watch on the haunts of the bird he may see it skim ming along the hedge row, often pur sued by flock of tne smaller species, who either mistake It for a hawk or are conscious that its flight betoken no good to their still unnatched offspring. The cuckoo I on the outlook for a nest The chances are t iut it has it egg in its bill, ready to be deposited in the likelie.t one: for it is now very generally accepted m an article of tho zoological creed that t ie bird tirst lavs on the ground, and then carries the egg to the place where it is to bo hatch ed by the foster-parent It is, indeed, apart from the fact that the process mentioned has been observed more than once, all but impossible that it could s t on the nest in which its egg U found. It is also a mistake to siipKse that the sparrow is the species usually selected for this imposition. The garden warbler, the biackcap, the whit'tliroats, tho redstarts, the robins, warbler, willow wren, wh nchat, wagtails, pipits, skylarks, vellow-hammer, red-hacked shrike, nightingale, chiff-chaff. bunting, greenfinches, linnet, wheatear, black bird, bulllinch. turtle dove, wood pigeon, ,'ay, ' spotted t'ycatcher, and various other si eies are each of them nt times chosen to be the victim. So sound an ornithologist as the late Mr. Gould was at one time inclined to dis trust the old tale of the young cuckoo turninirout of the nest tho rightful ten ants, apparently unconscious that on of tho earliest contributions to science ol tho famous Jenner was an account ol such a scone. Whether a susp cion ever crosse the foster-parents brain that there is something wrong, it i hard to say. At ail events, they are assiduous in feed ng their ungrateful bantlinrrs, sometimes even sitting on their backs in order to reach the month of the overgrown fledgeling. Shake pearo will have it tnat the youn; cuckoo devours not only it foster broth ers and sister, but ultimately consumes it foster-parents also. Happily this aw ful charge is not ontirmed by more ac curate observation. Yet the reality ia bad enough, without the addition ol any calumny. Of late years cucculio literature has been increased by aonu hot debates over the theory which teaches that the cuckoo select a nest for the deposition of its eggs in accord ance with the color of those laid by th foster-parent This idea seems a little fanciful. It may be that now and then the cuckoo choose a nest which already contain err similar to hiT own. Hut the egg in question is so ofton found among others different totally from it in color that, apart from the difficulty of supposing that the enckoo flie around, egg in mouth, seeking for t match in color, or has any power oi in ih hue of its vei. it ia wise to maiutiin a neutral position toward the insrenious theory with which the name of Hcrr Baldamus is connected. And there are so many moot pointa ti be solved, without disputing over thiJ crux. Whv, for example, should thl great spMted cuckoo build a nest lo itself and hatch it young, a has been averted, denied, and a-serted again, and the domestio paisano" of Caiitor nia a near lelation construct tbo wonderful "rum" for which it is cele brated, while their cousin in these lati tude leads so desolate a life? Again, it is more thau probable that fie "un natural parent visits its egg at Inter vals to see that it is properly tended. Why, then, does it not show decent af fection at the outset and what circum stance tirst led to the adoption of so extraordinary a trait of character? London Standard. A SURPRISED PARTY. How Jimmy Drawn and Young Compan loa Kradrd a Social Infllello. I said a while ago that I bad invented a plan for driving ghost out of the wall My plan was to pour something into tho hole in the wall of my room where the ghosts are that would make them glad to come out and go somewhere else. Now there is a kind of medicine called nastyfettidy that smells worse than anything you can think of. I went to o' r druggist and asked him if he couldn't melt some for me so that it would stay melted. I dfdn't toll the druggist what I wanted it for, but he said he guessed he could do it, and gave me a bottle full of something that smelt just like nastyfett'dy. I took it home and poured it into the hole, and left the window open, so that the ghosts could get out, and shut the dour and went down-stairs. I think the ghosts left They couldn't have staid in the wall, for I couldn't stay in the room, and I'm not a deli cate as a ghost Father hopes that we shall be able to go into the room some time next spring, but he doesn't feel very sure about it for we can hardly live in the rest of the house. Of course I told him all about it, and when he ex plained to me that 1 had done wrong. I admitted it and was very sorry. He told me that for a punishment I could not go skating for a month nnd I hope, my son, it will teach you not to play tricks in my house again. But I de served it. and I do hope it will teach me sorae'hing. One day the whole family except me went to New York to spend the night, and Tom McGinnis was allowed to come and stay with me, so that we could take care of the iiouse. As I couldn't go skating, Tom and I thought we would make a skating pond in our front yard. So we poured a great lot of water over our front walk, which is made of askfelt: and as it was very cold it froe in a very little while. We skated all day. and toward night we poured more water over it to make it nice and smooth. We have been having surprise parties in our town this winter, and I heard father say that we had them worse in our town than ia any other part of the country. A surprise party is a whole int nt folks who rush into vour house at night and don't give anybody time to change their clothes or take their hair out of curl-papers. 1 he surprise party generally bring cake and pio with them, and everybody eats some and drops the rest on the carpet, and when the party isgone you sit aown ana oursioui crying, and say you were never so wor ried in all your life, and wish those wretched, impudent people were a Minimum! niih's awav. Tom and I had a beautiful time after we cot through skating and it was dark We had tupper. and then we brought down a mattres from up-stair and turned somersaults on it in the parlor. We were going to black up and play we were minstrels, but we couldn't lind any cork. All at once we heard the most awful noise iu the front yard. Ev-y. few seconds somebody would shriek like a g rl that sees a rat and then men would us" swear-words, and everybody would talk all at once. Tom and 'I rushed up sta rs, where it was dark, and looked out through the window. A big sur prise party was falling all over one another on our front walk. Most of them were lying on the ice and moan ing, but every minute or two a man or a woman would get up and try to walk, and then slip and come down on some body else. It was a most dreadful sight, and Tom and I could hardly keep from rolling on the floor and laughing loud enouru for the surprise party to hear. After a while some of tbera man aged to get off the walk on tothe grass, aud then they pulled the rest off" the ice and helped oue another over the fence. and went home; that is. all except three or four who were helped into a waon because they couldn't walk. The next morning we put ashes on the walk, and when father came lm ne and we told him about it, he said we had done very wrong, and then gave us each ten cents, and went into the house laughing. I never knew him to act that way before. "Jimmy brown," in liar per't Young People. m ANSON STAGER. A Htory of Ante-Brllum Time Concern" tag tho Lai General Stcr. It was way back in the fifties, when telegraphing was in its infancy and reading by sound an accomplishment in which few excelled. General Stager was never a good sound operator, and read from the instrument with consul erable difficulty. One day he was told that the assistant at ToleJo was absent from the office without leave. On the day following the missing operator reported lor duty General Stager, then at Cleveland, asked him to come to the key, "You were absent yesterday without permis sion. This is the second time this has occurred. If you can not give a belter excuse than you did before 1 shall have to dismiss you," he telegraphed the voun? man. The ow-rator knew that the General was not clever at reading the sound, and so for a coujilo ol min ute he rattled the key as hard as he could, without saying anything that was at all intelligible. Then suddenly slowing up he added, so plainly that anv novice could read it "ana mat is the way it all haptened. General S'.ager wa too proud to ask the operator to send slower, notwith standing everything that came over the wire was untntemgioie to mm except the concluding words. "Oh, weu. said he. unwilling to confess his igno ranca, 'H that'a the case you are per fectly excusable, and we'll ssj no more about it - hcuAingion Ltutr. BEEF FOR FOOD. Tb roodlns Tb.t I .N ry la Ordor To Uka th IMI Tt U not the heaviest nor the fattest animal that should bring the highest for the butcher's block, but that an imal giving the largest per cent of lean meat to live weight &uen an animal m alwav contain fat enough with the meat fiber to make it palatable, juicy and nourishing. The fat part ol beel catt'e or mutton sheep are little used a human food. Hence tne crucial wi mu-t ever be tho greatest proportion of lean meat (muscle) to the carcass. I, I. w.ll known that St.! Quickly fed to fatness on sweet, flush pasturage give the mast succulent ana nneiv-i v oredfood. Why? The relative propor tion of fat and lean Is normal. Fat cows sell for less money per pound than steer. Mhyagainr i ne propor tion of fat to lean u greater, as the n-moinol MiiiP. and. a a seeon larv reason, although better flavored than that of the bull, the meat of the cow is not so delicate as that of the steer. foaMnn hnw.'Tpr veara asro decided that a carcass must" be considered in- f,.rir if it did not show immense devel opment of fat even to great patchy masses on the outside. It was estab lished in the "good old days" of tallow candles, when fat was one of the most important parts of the animal So long as fashion demands this feeders must cater to it Indian corn will easily make fat Some food, richer in phos nlii,t ami nitro'en. however, is re quired with corn, to keen the proportion ol rat anu lean equal, ii me inn rela tion as bi-tween fat and lean were tin- 1a.jliw1 ho tt,A linvar thia rltllH hft Wft. 1,1.1 .11 VWU U T ...W fuju. -- - i duced probably cheaper to the consumer thau tne monsters oi iai so hiucq bu- mired at our fat-stock shows. 1 et so Inn it as the feeder and buver alike take pride in these fat-overloaded animals there will be no change, ine iaci, however, remains constant: the last imn V. t. .wl mil ,,(,,ilit nf f'lt mtflArt tt a 1, J IIUUIIIMI j'V'l.llVI.J V . I" " steer. rii5e in tesh. add only to the cost ot the succulent lean meat prou.iceu. One of the result of this fashion has been the forcing of brce ling cattle until they now, through heredity, cany ai--velop fat abnormally. The yearling a mountain of biubbery fat is g-ued ou with wonder, tirade Devon and well- bred native steers, however, cont'nue to till the eye of the butcher and the trim trnstrnninnisL It is so in England. The black cattle, the Devon, and Un graded Hereford bring the bi-st price nt Smithtield market The reaction has nlrp ulv apt In in th United States to the effect that a yearling or a two-year-old, however fat "does not constitute a beef animal, and in the case of that u-nnnVrfiil nninvil of bovine .develOD- . . ment the short iiorn. sorviceaoie ani mals, even what would be called by some breeders "plainly bred" what the seller hoping to get something over a hundred dollars for would call useful" these are coming to have more and more advocates Tear by vear. They are not wonders of precocious fatness, but they are nevertheless just, tne ammais. whatever the breed, that, bought at one Immtriwl tn nun hunrirpil and liftv dol lars for a bull, will pay one hundred per cent on the investment to ureea grades on the' common sto; k of the hrnpilintr farmer. If they lack some what of early maturity they give stout hearty feeding calves mat wi i maao thick-fleshed steer and cows of more than Avpmcra o-nnrlnns nt thfl nail. There would seem to be no better time for the intending purchaser than m.w to enable the bull to become fully "wonted"' to the herd before the bre d- ing season commences. Chicago Trib une. m m " Embossed Leather." Hundred of men, women, and even boys, in New York are engaged in the "business" of collecting oil boots aud shoes, which they take to tho wall paper factories, where they receive from live to fifteen cents per pair. Calf skin boots bring the best price, while cowhide ones are not taken at any fig ure. These loots and shoos are first soaked in sc-veral waters to get the dirt off', and then the nails and threads are removed and the leather is ground up into a fine pulp. Then it is pressed upon a ground of heavy paper, wh ch is to be used in the manufacture ol "embossed leather." Fashionable peo ple, think they are going away bacK to mediaeval times when they have the wall of their libraries and dining-rooms covered with this, and remain in bliss ful Ignorance that the shoes and boots which their neighbors threw in the ash barrel a month before now adorn their walls and hang ou the screens which protect their eyes from the fire. Carriage-top makers and book-binders alo buy old Boots and shoes, the former to make leather tops for carriages, and the latter leather bindings for the cheaper grade of books. The new style, of leather frames with leather mats in them are entirely made of the cat-otl covering of our feet .V. Sun. Mr. John Jacob Astor has pre sented to the Astor Library, in New York, three manuscript which are probably the oldest classical works to be found In any collection in this coun try. They include Hesiod's "Work and Days," ".Vsou's Fables" and Lu cian's "i'liarsalia," and were formerly a part of the private library ot Pius VI., who occupied the Vatican from 1775 to 1784 A". 1'. iun. Horses will get more rest out of their Sundays by being allowed the freedom of a" field, or lot, than by being kept tied up in the stable. They need exercise every day. and if they have no work to do they should be given the liierty of a place where they can romp as they bke. irume farmer. The fat of chickens is said, by a cake-maker of great experience, to be the finest butter for making the most deli cate cake. If the fat of boiled chickens is to be used, cook them without salt, and there will not be tho slightest flavor of fowL Philadelphia Press. People must have something to Tt ut i v ok uvu) uu o wi-uwe x.oao this has put forth a declaration that . i . ,. . , . , i . me earu is iiauie to cxpious a auy moment A Tonerakle HlalorlaB. Urn y 1 o to roi lAUCkorr. Mr. Bancroft, who recently orlsbrated bis 84th birthday in xcellant health, is a rutin ot Maauichusetta, Ha graduated at Harvard and pursued a course of three years further study In Germany. On his return to tba country he con to in plated nterin the raia. istry, but settled down to a literary bX His principal work has been hli history of the United Bute, the flnt volume tppear. ing in 1834, and the tenth and last forty years later.. At times be bas taken a lively interest in politics; wu collector of the port of Boston in 183B, secretary of the navy on. dar folk, minister to England In 184, u Prussia in 1567, to the Korth German eon. federation in 1869, and to the Germ r a he pire in 1871. He is still engaged in literary labor. - The Terrible Goodwin Sand. Mancbeiiter (Eng.) Times. The "Goodwin" is a quicksand, and it is this, as well as the tremendous sea that beats upon it in heavy weather, that makes it to terribly fatal to Teasels that get stranded on it. Atlow tide portion of the sand is dry and bard and firm, and can be walked on for a distance of about four or fire miles; butaa the water again ftiws ovnr any part of it that part becomes, as the sailors say, "all alive," soft and quick, and ready to sack is anything that lodges upon it. Supposes vewel to run on with the falling tide, where tbe sand shelves or is uteep, the water leaves the bow, and tbe sand there gets hard; the water still flows under tbe stern, and tbe sand there remains soft a longer time; down the stern sinks lower and lower; tbe vessel soon breaks her back or works herself deeper and deeper by the stern; as tbe water ' rises the fills and works, and still sinks deeper in tbe sand every roll she gives, until at high tide she is perhaps completely buried, or only bor topmasts are seen above water. Other vessels, if tbe sea is heavy, begin to beat heavily and soon break up. Lifted op on tbe swell of a bug wave, as it breaki and flies away in surf and foam, tbe vessel tburup down with all its weight upon the sands, the timbers give and strain, the seams open; sbe sxm ceases as she fills with water, to rise upon the wave; great gaps are torn from the bulwarks; tbe decks burst open with the air teektng to escape from tbe bold, and as the sea rushes over tbe vessel each roll she gives wrenches her more aud more; the masts fall over tbe side; her cargo floats and washes away, and speedily, even in a few hours, she is in a torn and shatterel condition, com. pletely wrecked and destroyed. The broken bull is full of water and lurches heavily to and fro with each wave, rolls and sligbtly lifts and works, until it has made a deep bed In the sands in which it is completely buried to that many vessels have run upon the sands in tbe early night, and scarcely a vestige of litem been seen in the morning ROBERT BONKia, The rroprietor of The Hew York Ledger, bas the reputation of paying the best prices for the contributions be accepts for bis paper. He paid Fanny Fera 11,000 for a ten-column story. And Longfellow received from him ft a line for writing "Tbe Hang ing of the Crane." He has paid fabulous prices for horses that he fancied, but then it bas brought him world-wide fame and ad vertising. Mr. Bonner U 6J years of ag and comes from the north of Ireland, a sac tion of country which has produced men remarkable for their shrewdnesj and busi ness tact. rnyuoiogy oi rainunf. IHarper's Magazine.) A timid person sees, perchance, om accident in which human lif" is pos sibly sacrificed, or the sensibilities art otherwise shocked. His feelings over come him, and he faints. How are to explain itf Let us see whit takst place. The impression upon the brain mw by the organ of sight creates (through the agency of special centers in the or gan of the mind) an influence upon thl heart and the blood-veasels of the brain. This results in a decrease in the amount of blood sent to the brain, and cause loss of consciousness. In the same way persons becoms dizzy when looking at a water-fall J from a height, through the effects of the organs of sight upon the brain. To tbe Oyster, New York Journal I We try him as they fry him, and eren at they pie him; we're partial to him luscious in a roast: we boil him and we broil bun, we vinegar-and-oil him, and oh, he is delicious stewed witn toast We eat bun with toma toes and the salad of potatoes, nor look him o'er with horror when be follows the cow slaw; ana neither doth be fret us if hs marches after lettuce and abreast of cayenns pepper when His Majesty is raw. So, war Mine with September, to tbe knife and glow ing ember, juicy darling of our dainties, dispossesaor of tbe clam! To tbe oyster, then, a hoister, with him. In royal rovstoj' we shall whoop it through the land of Uncls Bam, ' The American Society for PsycUlcal Research, organized in Boston, na established a branch in New York. I object is the excellent one of PPM' hending acienriflcally the mysteiwu hypnotic and clairvoyant sta.. . - fill