The state rights democrat., October 18, 1878, SUPPLEMENT, Image 5

TO IF
I 111 f: L.
'I 1
SUPPLEMENT.
A Talk to the Wind.
BY M.VVO 1SCOKSP.
If I woretliou,0 wind,
I'd keep a steadier tuirnl,
An.1 not go nulling here aud there like one
that's craity.
At thy ripe time of life
One lioulJ be douo with trifr;
Twould bt bdeein ihj year to be a trine
lur.
We know that thou art old,
for Father Time haa told
Of thy mad escapades full many a liurlfol
story,
Bafore blind Homer tnng
Or mystic Troy ni you up;
And nry one avers that Fatbur Time ia
hoary.
Hat thon, umuid coquette.
Art Ju.t m giddy yet,
A tho' again! tho Argo trlou hadot never
itrivt-n
And poor I'lyoaes too
Ildt thou almost undone
By having hU (rail rnacl on Ogygia
driren.
TU time tojeave Uiy pranks
And win a noto of tlianka
By gently cooling off the panting, sw.-iterin g
city
Instead ol wrecking home,
And overtnrning dome.
Sowing detraction wide, witliont a breath of
pity.
I'd fan tho fevered ebotk.
Invigorate the weak.
Irw fragrance from tho roar, nr mormnr to
Uie panwy;
I'd cool the poets brain.
Lend rhythm to bis strain.
By whispering just Uie words to fill hUhautt.
ing itaiur.
The Inter Onan.
Invention's Big Triumph.
THE FOBCX OF XIAOABA TO J1R Tl'BSiED
to rss iskew tobk crrr.
To utilize the vast power generated
by numberless rivers and tide-wavs,
by transmitting it from regions where
not used to points where it is invalu
able, has long puzzled scientist. In
places away from ths seaboard and tho
peat water conrses, especial It, power
lias heretofore been obtained only by
the erection of expensive machinery,
the constant generation of steam, and
the consequent consumption of vast
quantities of coal brought from a dis
tance. While visiting the mining regions of
the Sierra Navada and Kocky Moon
tains in his late western tonr, i'rof. Ed
f80?8 trnck ith the difficulty there
had by miners in drilling and boaring,
though in many cases in the vicinitv of
rapid flowing mountain streams. Ex
cept in "placer" mining, where the ore
is washed out of the bed or banks of a
river, or where expensive steam drills
are used, the work of mining is labor
ions. While watching miners drilling
by hand, a means of facilitating this
work evolved itself from Edison's fertile
brain. Turning to his intimate friend.
Prof. Barker, of the University of Penn
sjlvaniA.be exclaimed .abstractly,' 'Why
cannot the power of yonder river(point
ing to the Carson river on the plain a
thousand feet below) be transmitted to
these men by electricity?" This
thought seemed not to go from Edison's
head, and all the way across the plains
on their journey home he and his friend
Barky," as he calls him, discussed va
rious problems for the transmission of
power.
Before starting for the West, Prof.
Barker had visited Ansonia, Conn.,
where his old friend, Mr. William Wal
lace, is engaged in the manufacture of
electrical machines. Mr. Wallace has
profound scientific research, and be
sides the mechanical part of his busi
ness, he devotes liimnalf Anfi.na;.i:.
- vuwuuauwsbw
ally to the part of physics that comprcx
bends electricity, magnetism and the
, .v Aigufc. xi o siioweu j. re
leasor Barker an instrument to which
he had devoted the best years of his
life, but which was yet in a crude con
dition He is still experimenting with
it, but he believed he would no perfect
it as to transmit power form one
point to another by means of electric
ity. When the Edison party had arrived
in New York, Prof . Barker bethought
hmself of the instrument previously
shown him by his friend, and which at
the time he had only cursorily examin
ed. He invited Prof. Edison to visit
Ansonia with him, an invitation that
was at once accepted. Last Sunday
was the day fixed upon. The party
consisted of Profs. Edison, Barker,
Prof. Chandler of the Board of Health,
and Mr. Edison's assistant, Mr. Baeh
eller. It was an agreeable surprise to the
party to find that Mr. Wallace had per
fected his machine. Being exceedingly
modest and caring not for notoriety,
he had shown the instrument to few,
and these only persons whose lack of
scientific knowledge prevented them
from comprehending its usefulness.
Mr. Wallace calls it a telemachon, and
he smiled with pride as he pointed to a
number of these machines, each one
an improvement upon its predeces
sor, and each having required years
to design and nearly $1,000 to con
struct. "
Mr. Edison was enraptured. He fair
ly gloated over it. Then power was
applied to the telemachon, and eight
electric lights were kept ablaze at one
time, each being equal to 4,000 candles,
the sub-division of eiectrio lights be
ing unknown to science. This filled
np Mr. Edison's cup of joy. He ran
from the instrument to the lights, and
from the lights back to the instrument.
He sprawled over a table with the sim
plioityof a child, and made all kinds
of calculations. . He calculated the
power of the instrument and the lights,
and probable loss of power by trans
mission: tho nmrvnnt nt n.nnX tliA inntm.
ment would save in a day, a week, a
month, a year, and the result of such sav-
tog oaiuanuiocturing.
The cool. impassive Prof. Chandler
also went about, note book in hand,
informing himself upon the minutest
dutails.
That a man liko Mr. Wallace, after
studying privately upon this subject
for years, should calmly, delibortlv.
and without osteutatiou, bring out bo-
fore them an instrument calculated to
revolutionise the entire manufactur
ing business, tilled tho Party with
amazement.
By means of it power mar bo obtain
ed from places where river power or
tidal power is abundant, or may bo
.onerated whore fuel is cheap, as at the
coal mines, and by means of au ordina
ry cablo i transmitted hundred of
miles. The cablo may be tapjiod
from any point and power used there
from. Komo notion of tho stupendous re
sults that may follow should the telo
machon prove completely successful,
is given in the opinion of I'rof. C. W.
Siemens of the Koval Society of Cireat
Uritain, who has recently visited this
country, lu a recent address in Ulus
gow he said that in England a means of
transmitting power by electricity must
soon be the important problem of the
day. What are tho English people to
do when their coal is exhausted 1 Of
America anil her great water courses ho
said:
"The amount of water falling over
Niagara is equal to 100,OOO,UUO tons an
hour falling 100 feet. Tho amount of
coal required annually to raise such a
weight up to the point from which it
fell, which is a measure of the amount
of power yielded by that water in fall
ing, would require the consumption of
200.000,000 of tons of coal a year, which
is the amount now consumed by the
entire world. Now if 50 per cent of
the power used to drive the first dina-mo-eloctrio
machine may bo recovered
from the second; and honco if tho
whole iowi r of the Niagara could be
utilized it could bo distributed over
the United States, so as to give from
that waterfall alone a power equal to
tho present entire mechanical force
of the world, estimating that one
half the coal used is solely for mechan
ical purposes."
As an example how the fall of such a
body as the falls of Niagara could le
practically utilize by means of tho tel
emachon, a gentleman who has studiod
the subject for years gve the follow
ing illustration lost Sunday: A scries
of Humes could bo constructed from
the edge of the descent of the Ameri
can fall to the level of tho water bo
low of a size sufficient to carry all tho
water of - the Niagara river through
water wheels. With shafting this pow
er wonld bo used to turn the machine
generating the electric current. This
current wjuld then be carried to New
York city by conductors, which are
copper tola. These rods may bo lap
ped then at any point wherever ower
is needed, and wires carried into fac
tories just as gas is now carried in
pipes through the street. In the fac
tory a telemachon would be placed of a
power sufficiently great to run the
shafting. Thus the entire power re
quired by the state of New York might
be taken off along the line of the main
conductors. The amount of electricity
taken off at any otto point would be
readily regulated in tho aamo way
in which the current taken from a
battery for telegraphic purposes is
now regulated that is, by intro
ducing suitablo resistance to tho local
line.
So powerful are tho magnets attach
ed to this instrument, that tho party.
while observing it, were compelled
to leave their watches in auother room,
else they wonld have boon magnet
ized.
Mr. Edison belioves that he can so
assist Mr. Wallace in perfecting the
telemachon that power . may be trans
mitted from one. point to another a
though it were a telegraphio message.
Already by means of this instrument
Mr. Wallace is enabled to transmit the
power of the Naugatuck river a quarter
of a mile. I he power of this stream
is great enough to drive the ponderous
machinery of the Wallace factory where
300 men are employed. A series of ex
periments with the instrument has
shown that in the transmission of the
enormous power only 20 per cent is
lost.
In this instrument the electricity is
produced by the Wallace dynam-elec-trio
machine, no battery being nsed.
Four large electro-magnets are placed
with their poles facing each other. On
an axis parallel with and situated be
tween them is a disc of iron carrying
upon its opposite faces a row of electro-magnets,
thirty in number, on each
face, whose poles, facing outward, re
volve as close as possible to the poles
of the larger magnets, called the field
of force. On the same axis, but out
side of these discs, strips of copper are
placed equal in number to the magnets
on the discs, each strip of copper being
connected to one end of the wire on the
magnet. The other end of the wire
goes to the next strip. Each, strip,
therefore, is connected to the last end
of the coils and to the first end of that
immediately following it. When the
disc, with its magnets, is revolved by
any power, the weak magnetism re
maining in the iron itself generates a
current of electricity, in the wire tir
rounding these magnets. In virtue of
the principle discovered by Farraday,
that whenever a conducting wire is
moved ia tho vicinity of a magnet -a
current of electricity is caused to cir
culate in that wire, the feeble current
thus generated flows around the mag
nets of the field of force, increasing
their magnetism. This increased mag
netism reacts upoa the revolving mag
nets, increases the eiectrio -current,
and so alternately, until the magnetism
attains a maximum, and that maximum
is generally in the wires of the revolv
ing magnets. This current bears for
each a , perfectly definite ratio to the
power consumed. And thoy are capa
ble of converting eighty per cent of the
power applied into electricity , . The
eiectrio current generated is carriod
oy two copper wires to a second ma
chine, tho telomanhou. This effects
the reverse operation that is to say,
tho reconversion of electricity into mo
chanioal power. Tho telemachon con
sists of a field of forco and a revolving
armature. This field of forco consists
of twelve large electro-magnets in two
sets of six each, the poles of each sot
facing each other an. I connected to
gether by heavy bands or bridges. In
space inclosed by these magnets, and
parallel with thotn, ia the armature ax
is supporting an armature consisting of
a ring of iron wiro serving as a core,
around which ia wound an insnlatod
copper wire in two series bf Do roils.
Tho end of these w ires come out al
ternately to the right and left of the ar
matnre, and are connected with two
break pieces npou their axis. Six
springs, or brushes of copMr wire,
proa non thoeo break pteccn, each
pair of brushes facing vault other and
opposite a pair of mogncU in the Held
of force. Tho electric current enter
ing tho machine presses round tho field
and rnagctizoa tho magnets. At the
same time it jaca through tho arma
ture, magnetizing that, so that tho polos
of tho armatnro nearest to tho poles of
tho field magnets are of tho opMaiU
name. In consequence of this the field of
force magnets attract the poles of the
armature and cause the armaturo to re
volve. But the motion in its new posi
tion brings other jKrtion of tho break
pieces in contact with tho spring and
causes a redistribution of the magnet
ism. Again, attraction tukea place as
before, and again tho direction of the
current is changed by tho break pieces.
Tho magnetic etfect Wing continuous,
the rotation is continuous, increasing
constantly in seod until tho fric
tion and the magnutie power balance
each other.
In Sunday's exeriment the hodome
ter showed that tho tuacbino ma le 3,000
revolutions a minute.
The electricity from tho wonderful
telemachon may be applied to illumin
ation. It solves tho problem of the
subdivision -of electric lights. Both
the Wallace foundry and the Parrel
foundry, near by, are lighted by thexe
lights, the army of men being formed
in two divisions, one working during
the day and tho other np to midnight.
Thickly stnddied as these foundries are
with heavy machinery, and obstructed
as tho light must necessarily be by tho
ponderous cranes, drills, supporting
columns, and projections, a clear light
is thrown upon tho machinery, ierfe-t-ly
illuminating it. Adjustmunts to the
thirty-second of an inch may be made
without the least strain nion tho eyes.
A beautiful effect of this light is its
polarization that mottled appearance
which it assumes when falling
through glass. This is tho only artifi
cial light, it ia said, that is cupablo of
producing it.
The following i an estimate made
by an expert of what it would cost to
light tho streets of New York with
these lights: The average street bnrn
ergivosa light equal to ten candles.
Assuming that one of tho eight
o ectric lights produced by the jnwer
of one machine is equal to 4 ,000 candles,
and assuming that there are 5,000
lamps, each burning 20 cubic foot of
gas an hour, at a cost of SI a thousand
feet, it would require 12' i of these
machines to furnish all the lih'ht requir
ed. The cost of the gas at this rough
estimato would bo $100 an hour. To
produce the same light by electricity
would require, say, thirteen machines
placed nion towers. Tho cost of a
single light equal to that of 1,000 can
dles would bo throo cents an hour.
Each machine giving 4,000 candle lights
would cost, therefore, twelve cents an
hour, and thirteen would cost gl 5J an
honr.
The things that lie had scon in the
foundry had a curious effect upon Mr.
Edison. He seemed wruped in
thought. Owing to bis deafness the
many jokes made by his friends, Profs.
Barker and Chandler, were lost upon
him. Occasionally they were reteatod
to him by Mr. Bachelor. Whon Edison
bears a good joke he seems to stop the
great thinking machine constantly
working within him. He laughs heart
ily, and then forgets his snrroundiogs,
and relapses again into deep niodita
tion. Mr. Wallace was explaining an
instrument he has invented that will
throw a small stream of water
with such force as to tear the flesh from
tho hand. "Barky," said Edison sud
denly, "if a person should cut a
man s throat with such a stream
of water, I don't boliove a jury could
be found that would convict him of
mnrder.
While going from the works, Mr.
Edison saw a large iron caldron
He stopped, looked at it meditative
ly, and tbeu said: "That reminds
me of what the Jersey mosquitoes can
do!"
"Oh, yesl" said Prof. Barker! "tell
us those mosquito stories of yours, Ed
ison.": J
"I know two of thorn," returned Edi
son. "AJersoyman was so troubled
with mosqnitoes ono night that he went
down into the yard and crawled into a
hage iron caldron. Well, pretty soon
he heard a noie as if boaring was
going on. He found they were boar
ing through tho caldron with their
bills. When thoy had accomplished this
the man got a big stone and clinched
their billB.r
"Well," said one of tho party, " What
then ?"
"Why," answered Edison, "tho
mosquitoes fle.v away with the cal
dron." "The next story," he went on, "is
about a drunken man in rater son, who
lay down by the roadside ono Sunday
and went to wloop. While in this posi
tion a Jersey mosquito alighted upon
him, and a Jersey policeman coming
along arrested the mosquito lor open
ing a bar on Suiday."'
Ennui is the ghost of murdered time.
The Ecclesiastical Laws of Germany.
On tho 10th of December, 1H71, a law
was passed bv the Empire which threat
ened with imprisonment for a poriod
not exceeding two years any of the
clergy who, in tho public exercise of
tiictr oiucc r in tho church, spoke of
political questions in such a way as to
endanger the public peace. A oeond
law, dated the 6th of July, 1H72, dis
solved all the institutions of the Jesuits,
with tho orders and fraternities asso
ciated with thorn, within tho Gorman
Empire, forbade all actfon on the part
of tho members, and expelled all for
eign JcsuiU. A third law, passed on
the 4th of May, 1874, threatens all cler
gymen who continue to exercise their
functions -after lioing deprived of their
office by a judicial auutouco with confis
cation in certain districts or places, and
eventually with tho loss of Gorman na
tionality and banishment from Ger
many. In the years Irom 1872 to 1K70
1'ruoiiia panned a number of laws the
object of which was to protoct tho rights
of tho SUto against tho churches
esjxwiallly tho Homiih Church. Tho
scope of them may bo thus summed
up. Tho oversight of all public and
private schools is accorded to the State ;
tho institution of clergymen, whether
jwrmanetit or tenitmrury, can only bo
made after notice has first been given
to tho government, which has the right,
oa legal grounds, to protest; clergymen
must tonss tho rights of German cit
izotiship, have attended a German gym
naitiutu, studiod theology for throo
yrars at a German university, ad
passed an examination in hintory and
Gorman literature before a State com
mbution. All ecclesiastical seminaries
aro to bo undtr tho oversight of tho
State. Otherwise thoy mast bo closed.
Now schools for boys or for students
are not to bo built, uor youths received
into those already existing. A clergy
man who is punished for any crime or
misdemeanor for which tho enalty is
imprisonment with hard lalor in a
hutiHo of correction, or with the loss of
municipal rights or public ofllces, is
not to bo reinntitntod. The samo is to
be tho caso with the clergyman from
whose conduct it may bo premised that
ho will opKMa tho laws and regulations
of the State and endanger tho public
tttstce. Actual discipline is only to be
exercised by tho German ecclesiastical
authorities. I Uo accused must be
hoard, an ordinary trial must 1m held, a
written judgment given, with the
grounds on which it rests. Corporal
punishments are forbidden and fines
are not allowed to exceed 90 marks.
Imprisonment in aom ttemeriiorttm
not to lo for longer than throo months.
and tboso institutions to bo under gov
ernment surveillance; Uio appeal to be
made to the State when tho sentence is
illegal. If a clergyman has so seriously
violated tho laws of the Stato relating
to tho clerical oflico ami its functions
that his remaining in office seems in
compatible with public order, then on
the proposition of tho State authorities
he shall bo dismissed from his office.
No jeniilties are jwriuittod except for
ecclesiastical o (Tenses or those concern
ing religion. They cannot te inflicted
because political or civil rights are not
exorcise.!, or to enforce their exercise
in a particular way. Tho public an
nouncement, performance, or procla
mation of them to the congregation in
an injurious way is punishable. A
royal conrt of occlosiasttcal a flairs de
cides concerning appeals, dismisses
from olfico, and so forth. Bishopric
which are unlawfully occupied, as'well
a other places, are to bo administered
as to their temporalities by a State com
mission. Hevennos provided by the
SUto for the clergv (or arising from
funds administered by tho State) are
withheld if the receivers do not de
clare, either by word or doed, that they
submit to the laws. Benefices that
have been vacant longer than a year
may be Lima oy tno patron of the com
munity. The property of benefices is
administered, under Stato laws, by a
steward chosen by tho oommunity.
The Stato exerolsos an oversight of the
administration of tho diocesan property.
AU orders and fraternities, except those
devoted to tho care of the aick, are to
lie dissolved at tho latest bv the Sd of
June, 1S7'., and those which remain ore
to he under tho supervision of the
Stato. This summary will bo sufiiciout
to show the great importance of these
laws. (jonteinjiorary Aerieir.
As .Un"foiiti7sa.tb Snebzb. This is
queer weather to snooze in. A woman
just coming from market boardod a
crowded street-car and had to stand up,
She was chewing raspberries, when the
sneeze struck her like a streak of sun
stroke, atubuhe vociferated cachool ca
choo! The worst part of the whole
business was that she cachooed a table
spoonful of mashed raspberries on the
top of tho scalp of a little bald-headed
man who had taken olf his bat to cool
himself. lie hastily wiped off tho des
sert with a newspaper which he had in
his hand and got olF the car, looking as
sad as a JNuuian aon undergoing a tail
twisting in a oircus cage.
A funny offair occurrod in Ilerkimer
County, recently. A young man who
is a somnambulist is courting a lady
rosiding about a milo from his house.
His lady-love and her mother were
preparing to retire ono evening last
week when some one knockoa at the
door. On opening it the young man
was found standing oa tho steps with a
lamp in his hand, and very scantily at
tired even for the warm season. He
was conducted to a warm bod, and on
being awakened found himself well
dared for. In the morning tho young
lady procured clothing of a neihgbor
suituDie ior a uayngut promenade, and
he went home. -
Thfl inerflaqn ftf sliorfc.Riirliffld nnaa ia
- -r ww. .
nomnlftinoil of in Aluan. . Tn tt nnHncrn
at Mulhouse fifty out of 234 students
VArn liifnlv found Rhnvt.-aifrtifcwJ
three higher classes showing 08 per
cont. This is attributed to studying at
night with insufficient light.
Study at Home.
From nowspapors we get a certain
sort of oulture, but the reading of news
papers docs not make a scholar never
did, never can. From the jwrusal of
magazines we got another kind of cul
ture, and one ol great value, but msgn
eines can never be made to lilt the place
of books. The subject under consider
ation changes too often, is not stifll
oientlr elaborated, is not kept beforo
the mind long enough to make its due
impression. Take for example Ma
cauley's brilliant essay on Milton. A
person having read that may form a
vorv good conception of Milton's life
and character. But let one road Mas
son's Life of Milton in two volumes,
and for a whilo he lives Milton's life,
he gives himself time to come under
the moulding influence of that great
man's mind, to think his thought, to
comprehend his motivos, to be lifted
up to the level on which Milton habit
ually lived; so that tho great oct bo
comes, so to sjHtak, a part of him, and
the sympathetic reader is quickened by
and transfused with the spirit of that
luminary of his aga. Whilo we cannot
dispense with periodical literature,
with volumes of essays and miscellan
ies, we must remember that they are
aide-dishes, "tuade-disno,"and not the
staples tho bread and meat of intel
lectual life and growth. For these we
must go to books.
Kight here comes in the question
"What books shall wo begin with?"
The auswer to this question may vary
in each individual caso, and must be
decide! according to the circumstances
and abilities of each one who asks it.
Some cannot procure such books as
they would like, and must take what
they can got; others have ability to
procure what books they choose, but
must first develop capacity to compre
hend and assimilate what they
would road. In a general way the fol
lowing outline of procedure may be
found helpful. Those who wish to
read history shoall begin with that of
their own country; from this take up
English history; that will lead to the
study of the history of the different
nations of modern Euroie and lack to
Itoman history. This thread it is easy
to follow so far, and when ono has done
that he can be his own guide i a further
historical readings, in science the
student may begin with himself and
master the element of physiology as
given in our text books; then he may
take np the rocks under his feet and
study geology, or he may study the
'stars in their courses and become ac
plain tod with the outlines of astrono
my. The sciences go hand in nana; be
cannot go far in geology without being
compelled to know something of chem
istry, ol botany, of zoology, ol me
whole "circle of sciences." But though
the field is boundless, he has only one
thing to loarn at a time, iut as with all
eternity before him ho has only one
moment to live at a time, luo measure
of his snccost in accumulating knowl
edge will le bis patience, his persist
ence, bis industry, lus thoroughness in
learning well ouo thing at a time, u
English literature is what tho home
student desires to acquaint himself
with, bo may legin with somo manual
something like Harper s Hall-lloui;
Scries containing specimens or Eng
lish literature in the several stages of
... . i
its development, so that he may have a
taste of it from the beginning down to
the present time. Afterward be may
read up more fully tho different authors
of whose style be has baa a taste, in
the selection ol those his readings in
history will help him.
An hour given every day to the pur
suit of any ono study will amount in a
year to fifteen days of solid work, or to
a term of twelve weeks of study for six
hours every day, counting out Satur
days and Sundays, and allowing five
days over for interruptions. What our
students at borne need to do is to count
tho moments of every day, crowding
all work into work hours, so that hours
of study need not be encroached upon.
By a regular and systematic employ
ment of these long evenings, so soon to
be ours, the diligent and persistent
Btudent at home may enrich his mind,
enlarge his intellectual boundaries, and
feel himself day by day growing in
wisdom, in knowledge, in capacity for
enjoyment, ia the ability to command
that outlook upon the world and life
which a liberal education gives. JVeie
York Irutune,
Colony of Baboons.
The most enterprising colonist of the
period is the baboon of India. A band
of 200 or 300 baboons has suddenly ap
peared near the village of Augurpara
I bey are great brutes, four feet high
and as savage as wild beasts. They
attack children, and even full-grown
women,' without fear, and have set np
a reign of terror over the people, going
in and out of the houses as they please,
"vitfling ' free upon- the plaintaina
guavas, mangoes, and other fruit grown
in their gardens. The people are
afraid to shoot them, as the whole
colony would attack them instantly
The police will not interfere, and the
village is not meroly ridden to death
by these apes, but in such a state of in
security from budmashes that the peo
ple have sent a deputation to represent
their condition to the government. The
vil lucre is eicht miles from Calcutta.
The strength and daring of the animals
are declared to terrify the people, the
brutes selecting girls and women as the
special objects of their attacks.
What Ha Fkared. A Tennessee
postmaster, who fears that he has in'
curred the fatal displeasure of the
Postmaster-General by refusing to oou
tribute to the Republican campaign
fund, was interviewed the other day by
a newspaper reportor. "And you fear
the sword of Damocles, do you?"' said
the reporter. "Thunder, no! it's not
tho sword of Damocles it's old Key's
axe that I'm afraid of." Courier-Jour
nal, ,
Genius and Labor, '
Men of tho most spontaneous intel
lect are rarely spontaneous in their dis
tinguishing achievements. Hard, ab
sorbing work must generally be done
ome time, either in preparation or
execution. Sheridan had the name of
a radiant and ever-ready wit; he had
but to open his month, it was thought,
and epigrams flowed thence in a spark
ling stream. He was very vain of, and
carefully cultivated, such reputation.
But ho did not deserve it. His aston
ishing reclines was a sham; ho used
to lock himself in his chamber, and,
under pretense of recovering from a
debauch, slowly and deliberately de
vise the flno speeches which he assumed
to throw off by sudden impulse. Some
of his vaunted impromptus cost him
hours of reflection. The present text
of "The School for Scandal" is totally
different from tho first copy; not lines
merely, but passages, scenes, and entire
acts were recast and re-written again
and again. Almost everything that
emanated from him was th result of
much doliltoration. He was a rare
genius; but before he was so ranked,
as well as after, he was a hard worker.
Tennyson's best poonis seem as if
they had run in all their sympathy and
sweetness from his overflowing Grain.
But no poet has ever toiled more over
his verses; be forms and re-forms them;
changes, erases, reproduces, files, and
polishes them, until those that stand
would never suspect their early and re
mote progenitors.
Very few poems or writings of any
kind that are re-read or remembered
but have been wrought with copious
brain sweat. As a rulo, the off-spring
of genius, whatever its nature, is bora
with exceexling travail, although it is
common to believe it generated after
the manner of Pallas.
Hawthorne's works are patterns of
excellence in design, detail and finish.
In literary Europe lie is known where
scarcely any other American is; his
rich genius has long boon recognized
on both sides of the sea. Bnt was a
single chapter of his dashed off as most
of us aro inclined to believe the writing
of gonins ordinarily is? Hawthorne
has made no literary confessions; be
shrank from the thought of exposing
his intellectual laboratory. But it is
altogether probable that his produc
tions grew grew with him, out of him,
and into him again; that they were
woven fibre by fibre; that they were the
indelible photographs upon his mind of
severe studios of nature and humanity.
His matchless, flawless sentences show
the most solicitous attrition, tho cease
less exorcise of enthusiasm for perfec
tion. They apiear so natural that they
roust bo begotten of the deepest art.
They are the mingled product of great
genius and great work, one always com
ing to the aid of the other, and preserv
ing a just and beautiful proportion.
Poe is originality itself. Homo of
his poems and most of his tales have no
Caraliels in any literature. To rose ni
ls them is to imitate them; they are
strictly unique. They are unhealthy.
narrow, limited ; but wonderful never
theless. Everybody speaks of Poe as
a pure genius, as an exceptional intel
lect, as a thoroughly peculiar organi
sation, as he was indubitably; bnt no
author has labored harder, more calmly,
moro rigorously, at his self-appointed
toHki. His philosophy of composition
is no doubt true, an accurate reflex of
his method. His creative processes
were like the processes of mathematics.
Despite his fickleness, his love of con
trast, his infirmity of purpose, he was
a marvel of work whilo he did work,
having spasms of diligence that were
well-nigh superhuman. J. 11. isrotra
How a Cheek Was Cashed.
It wouldn't do for somo of the de
faulting bank cashiers to live out in
Kansas City, Mo. There is a policeman
out there known as Long John. He
belongs to one of the oldest and most
ros p. jc table families, but he was a way
ward youth, and got away with his
share of the estate early in life. Then
with commendable plack he got on the
forco, straightened np, and has been a
faithful and temperate man ever since.
As often as he drew his pay he went to
a certain bank and deposited whatever
be could save. He continued this fru
gal way of living until he had saved
about $700. Not long ago, when one
of the solid institutions of the Chicago
of the West went down, and the
"bouses" of the institntion were "re-
groUing in tears to their penniless de
positors, Long J6hn walked up to the
President and said: "Look here; when
I was a wild boy you used to talk to me
about saving money. Yon told me to
follow your example. When I run
through my part of the estato you got
me on the police force. You told me
to put what money I eould in the bank
I did it. I worked as hard as a nigger, and
saved all I could. , No w I am as poor as
when I commenced. And you have
nothing, you Bay, to pay me. I want
hit monev."
The great bankrupt banker placed
his hands on Long John's shoulders
and spoke to him sadly: "My boy
this is a great tribulation. I have lost
everything and I cannot"
Long John took the hand of the
banker from his shoulder and said
"I don t want any crocodilo tears
from you. Every cent I put in your
bond I worked for like a nigger, and
you know it. I would sooner be dead
than lose it. Now, if you don't pay
me that money I wiil blow your brains
outttere on the spot." And be placed
a revolver against the banker s head
Ia ten minutes Long John had his
$700 and the great penniless banker
was begging him not to give it away
lost tbe example might bo repeated
It Will do to try in Chicago. Chicago
Timet.
The Mayor of Pittsburgh goes into
bankruptcy in a stylo becoming a
Mayor. H is liabilities,, it is said, will
"rub closely" on 100,000. The city
loaea 5550,000 of this amount.
Think Act.
'.'Old men for counsel, young men
for action," is a time honored axiom.
It it founded on the consideration that
the aged who have seen much of the
world may be presumed to have profit
ed by their long observation, and to
have grown cautious and wise, while
to the hot blood of youth action is
natural.
Bnt in very many of the affairs of
life the young are called to act with
out convenient opportunity, in refer
ence to matters of much moment. It
is desirable that in such cases they
should act wisely. How can they do
it? We answer in a single word:
Think.
Think not afterward; not when it
is too late; not when the action is past;
bnt think beforehand. "Look before
you leap," as Dr. FaaxxLnr quaintly
expressed it, having derived the lessou
from an unsuccessful attempt to leap
over a ditch, which a look at it's
width beforehand would have prevent
ed. The habit of reflection must be
rigidly enforced on one's self at first;
but it is soon acquired, and the mis
takes in life which it will avoid, the
losses of money, of time, and of many
other things, the regrets, the sorrow,
the remorse no one can extravagantly
estimate them !
Uefloct. Iteflect for a few moments.
and that, of itself, will lead to farther
reflection. This is not inconsistent
ith the most vigorous, the most
resolute and determined action. On
the contrary, yon will act all the more
strongly from the confidence derived
from previous reflection. A whole
volume of wisdom was summed up
in the motto of the eccentric but
sagacious Col. David CROckctt:
"Be sure you are right, tbeu go
ahead." It avails little to be sure you
are right, if you sit still and do noth
ing under that conviction; but if, first
being snre you are right, yon then go
ahead, you will not only plan but
you will accomplish good works.
Hunk act. Think brst, then act.
N. V. ted-to-.
Courtesy to Inferiors.
We were all at breakfast in a pleas
ant city house situated on a busy
thoroughfare. You, happy readers,
who live in the country, know compa
ratively little of the persistent annoy
ances which city folks undergo from
the continual rappings and ringings
and shoutings and screamings ol peo
ple who go from door to door to any,
to sell, or to bog. On this particular
morning the interruptions were many.
First came the rag man; then a little
beggar boy for "cold victuals;" after
wards, an Irish woman with clothes
pins; and again a man witu prize
packets of stationery. Pater familiaa
lost his temper at the fourth invasion
of his privacy, and ordered the man off
tne premises, ins write remonstrated
with him in her usual sweet manner.
My dear, I do wish you would not be
so impolite in your manner to tramps
and peddlers. It is their only way of
earning a livelihood, and I think we
ought to be kind to them. I believe
in being courteous to everybody.
Afterward, in thinking the matter over,
I came to the conclusion that this
courtesy is a word of very wide mean
ing. It is an index ringer to character.
You observe a true lady, a true gentle
man, anywhere. They cannot commit
a rudeness. It would hurt them and
jar them to wound the feelings of the
lowest and farthest Deiow men. xo be
truly polite implies that one shall be
thoughtful of the feelings of everybody,
and of inferiors most of all. Let ua
remember that in the future.
The Political "Son of Toil."
"Feller citizens " said he, "I am a
hard-fisted Son of Toil. I'm a brick
layer by trade and not a bit ashamed of
it. No, sir; I wasn't borne with a silver
spoon into my mouth or cradled in the
lap of luxury. I'm a self-made man,
gentlemen." .
"You'd better have let out the job,"
remarked a voice in the rear of the
hall.
He scorned to notice the interrup
tion but proceeded.
"Yes, feller citizens, I'm proud of
havidg risen by honest industry, proud
of appearin to solictyour suffrages as
a true representative of labor; as one
which has contributed to build np this
oommunity by the sweat of his brow
and the work of his hands. Appla
use. As I was saying, I'm a brick
layer by trade. I've worked to raise
more than half the palatial mansions,
magnificent commercial structures and
heaven-pointing spires which beautify
and adorn our town. Great enthu
siasm. And here, right here, gentle
men, are the indentical tools with which
I have carved out lay way to prosperi
ty." Here the orator exhibited a
trowel and hammer amid deafening
plaudits.
"Pass 'em this way," said an excited
listner, evidently belonging to the
working class, "let me gaze onto them
relics." .
The tools were handed to him and he
scrutinized them with deep interest.
"You say you worked as a brick
layer ?" said he, turning sharply to the
orator.
"Yes."
"And with them tools?"
"Yea, sir, those are the very tools I
bought when I made my first start as a
journeyman. So them I owe all my
prosperity."
"Well, then, I must say you deserve
great credit. So does any man that
could lay bricks with such weapons.
Gentlemem, (turning to the audience) ,
just look at 'em. Ifs ' a ganlener'g
trowel and a carpenter's hammerl" Ta
bleau! From Phillips Thompson's
lecture, "Random Shots at Flying
Follies."
He who only wears the garb of piety
does more harm than -the audacious s
and open sinner. .