The Sunday Oregonian., August 08, 1920, SECTION TWO, Page 20, Image 42

20
THE SUNDAY OREGONIAX, PORTLAND. AtTGtTST 8.. 1920
MODERN BEE HIVE PREVENTS HONEY WASTE
WHICH RESULTS WHEN TREES ARE ROBBED
Early Pioneers of Oregon Smoked Out Swarms in Wooded Sections, Killed Many and Obtained Messy
Combs Method of Building Is Great Aid to Inventor in . Fashioning Today's . Shelter.
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TOP SHOWING A QtTEEW EXCI I DFR, FOR KEEPING THE QUEEN IS BROOD NEST. LOWER THE SMOK
ER' AM) THU HIVE TOOL ARE ALWAYS IN EVIDENCE.
T.Y SHEBA CHTLDS HARG REAVES.
BEES In the wild state build their
combs In hollow trees, In caves
in the hillsides or In sheltered
crevices in the rocks. The size of
the colony depends in a large meas
ure upon tho available space at their
command.
Swarms absconding from an apiary
build Just as their remote ancestors
did, unless they can be induced to
enter a new hive. Hunting bee trees
was a favorite pastime of the early
pioneers of Orepon and in wooded
sections of the country hollow trees
filled with honey are still found oc
casionally. In order to secure the honey it was
euttomary to kill the bees by smok
lntr. This honey was consequently
rather messy, being taken from the
tree in chunks more or less filled with
dead bees, pieces of bark and dirt. In
fact, the old-fashioned bee hives pro
duced honey in bulk and the wasteful
method of killing the bees when rob
bing them was commonly practiced.
Hire Wonderful Device.
"The modern bee hive is a wonder
ful Invention. The casual purchaser
of a pound of honey in a dainty white
box has probably wondered just how
the bees could be induced to place the
comb so evenly In the frame. The
close -observer has noticed that the
wasp builds horizontal combs, but the
bee builds vertical combs and the in
ventor has taken advantage of this
faci in fashioning the bee hive.
; The bee hive as we have it today Is
ir.ude in three separate parts base,
brood chamber or body, and top. This
arrangement makes it possible to
reach the interior of the hive at any
time. The brood chamber is ingen
iously fitted with eight or ten re
movable frames, depending upon the
size of the hive.
These frames have projecting ends
at the top which rest on cleats fast
ened to the brood chamber. By wir
ing sheets of foundation specially
prepared wax to the frames the bees
are induced to build perfectly straight
vertical combs, which may be removed
from the hive when necessary.
Cells Formed for Rearing;.
The hjes draw out the stamped wax
and thus form cells for brood rear
ing in the center of the brood cham
ber, while the outer frames - allow
plenty of space for storying honey
for the use. of the colony. The bee
keeper does not. as a rule, disturb
the stores in the brood chamber,
though it is sometimes, used when
preparing extracted honey.
The beginner should never under
any circumstances disturb the stores
In the brood chamber,., tor the grave
problem with him is to keep his bees
from starving. Tho so-called bee dis
eases of the amateur are often not
diseases at all, but simple starvation
due to lack of foresight on the part
ot tne operator.
- The base of the hive projects in the
front to allow a landing stage at the
ntrance to the hive. The top of the
hive slopes two ways so that it sheds
water. As soon as a swarm enters
a new hive they begin the work of
fastening the-parts together so as to
exclude air and moisture. They man
ufacture lor this purpose a gum, or
varnish, called propolis. It is not
definitely known how they secure this
substance, but it is supposed to be
collected from resinous buds of such
trees as the pine and balm of gilead.
Super VBe4 for Storins
- The frame in which the pound
boxes are placed is called a super. It
. Is a box without top or bottom, which
fits in between the brood chamber
and the top of the hive. When by
Indications, which should be known
to the bee keeper, it is time to put
the super in place, the top la pried off
with a chisel or a specially prepared
hive tool and the super is fitted over
the-'body of the hive and the top re
placed. The work of storing honey
for the fortunate owner then begins
in earnest.
The super Is also cleverly contrived.
The pound frames fit Into place in
such a way that they leave beeways,
as the roads which the bees travel in
bringing in the honey are called.
Amateurs have been known to fit the
frames into shape in such a way as to
exclude the bees entirely from the
super. Careful attention to the mi
nute details is necessary in all .bee
operations: the careless slip-shod in
dividual will never succeed with bees.
The honey sections, - or boxes,- in
which the finished product is pro
duced, are bought flat by the hun
dred or the thousand, and after soak
ing in water are bent into, shape and
fastened together. In order to insure
straight combs each box Is fitted
with a piece of stamped beeswax.
Some beekeepers use about an Inch
of this foundation at the top of the
section, but if full sheets are supplied
the bees are saved the labor of mak
ing wax: they simply draw out the
sheets of foundation into comb and
are free to devote their entire time
to honey-gathering. It Is estimated
that bees will make from 10 to 14
pounds of honey while they are mak
ing a pound of wax, so the advantage
in full sheets of foundation both" in
brood chambers and boxes is perfect
ly apparent.
The work of preparing the new
hives and the supers for use is not at
all heavy, though it must be done
with a nice precision. As a rule
women do this work better than men,
being deft of hand and more given to
attention to detail. This part of the
business should be attended to before
the spring rush begins. Swarms are
often lost through not having a hive
in readiness; then, too, tere Is not a
day to be lost when the honey flow '
commences, for at best It is all too
short in this locality.
Hives may be secured flat and set
up at home, though if women are to
do the work it will be just as well to
buy them set up ready for use. The
hives should be painted before plac
ing them in the apiary. The color
would of course be determined by the
taste' of the owner, though no one
could go far wrong in painting them
all white. ...
Escape Frnrnli Stinslng-.
A bee escape is a great convenience
in taking off the full supers; it is
possible by its use to rob the bees
without being stung. This device is
a board which is slipped between the
hive body and the super about 24
hours before taking off the honey.
The board has a trap in the midHle
which allows the bees to go down
into the brood chamber, but prevents
their coming back into the super.
v hen the bees are all out of the
super, removing it from the hive is a
very simple matter.
Another device which is necessary
to secure honey free from brood cells
is the queen excluder. This excluder
fits between the brood chamber and
the super; it has meshes which allow
tne bees to enter the super but will
not admit the queen.
It is Impossible to quote prices on
these fixtures, as they are subject to
change upward without notice. Houses
selling bee supplies will furnish lists.
(The next article In the series will
deal with the management of the
apiary.)
Intercourse from the child tea parties
I that they give and something of the
practical business end of housekeep-
Iing- when playing store. '
Boys learn agriculture from - toy
shovels, boes, rakes and the like or
I building from toy blocks and later
with hammer, saw and nails. They
I learn in a like way other things from
I proper playthings which are equally
benencial tn character building.
American toys and playthings con
stitute a. far greater power In proper
child development than the playthings
of any other nation, as I have been
able to prove by my observation of
children and their playthings in
many countries.
Chinese Toy Without Character.
Here. In China the toys and play
things have little character and are
therefore of little value In child de
velopment, but they serve to keep
the children quiet, amused and out
of mischief, which In Itself Is a big
point.
It is difficult to pick out the most
interesting of my experiences in
studying Chinese children and their
playthings and play habits, but one
which I particularly remember was
encountering In a small, crooked,
dirty back alley of Shanghai a street
vender of toys who blew with the aid
of a thin seed pipe and a bowl of soft
taffy almost any kind of candy animal
of known or unknown variety, boys,
boats, babies, much as a glass blower
makes articles of glass at a county
fair.
The Chinese children bought these
taffy toys for a small fraction -of a
cent In our money or a few "cash" In
Chinese money. They played with
them until they grew tired of them
nd then the toys disappeared Into
their little stomachs.
Crude Toy Please.
While my children and your chil
dren at home play with substantially
made toys that are often both artistic
and expensive, the Chinese children
are content with toys that are very
crude in shape and workmanship and
usually flimsy and exceedingly cheap
the equivalent of 14 cents In our
money being an extravagant price for
Chinese toy.
A popular Chinese doll, for Instance,
sells for about 3 cents in our money.
while the cost of a gingham cat or
dog is hard to compute In our money.
being only & small fraction of a cent.
Babies' rattles are made of clay
the supposed form of many varieties
of known and Imaginary animals.
They much resemble the Egyptian
rattles of 2000 B. C. Some rattles of
clay are in the form of fat little Chi
nese priests or round Chinese babies.
The nearest approach to a native
mechanical toy which I found was
good-sized paper lantern having at
the top a paper wheel hung on
light bamboo cross bar, to the ends
of which were attached a paper man
and a paper, woman. These figures
revolved through the heat of the
burning candle an dthe air current it
created. .
Some DollsCry and Danee. '
Some Chinese rag dolls have sewed
on noses and ears of paper pasted
roughly on, with eyes and other fea
tures crudely painted. Other dolls
have papier mache heads' and leather
bodies, with arms and legs of sun
dried clay, and a few have real hair
"in spots," in imitation of the manner
in which a Chinese baby's head is
shaved. Still others much prized
have bellows-like bodies inside .of
which Is a whistle made of a piece of
swamp reed.
Ths doll emits a dqleful. squeaky
whistle when pressed. It represents
the nearest approach to a Chinese
"mamma" doll. The costuming of
Chinese dolls consists generally of a
sort of chest protector and a pair of
trousers, which is the costume gen
erally worn in summer by Chinese
children, who call their dolls "little
people." -
One Chinese doll novelty, which T
have also seen in Mtxico and which
American top manufacturers mfgn:
copy with profit, is the dancing doll.
It is only about one and a half inches
high, with fine wire legs protruding
a sixteenth of an inch below a paper
skirt and with no pretense of beauty.
A number of these dolls are placed
on a brass tray and then the edge of
the tray is struck lightly with a stick
to make it vibrate and the wire
legged dolls dance around very amua
ingly in all directions.
The only Chinese toy that 1 as
good If not better than the American
or European kind is the bamboo top,
which is "whipped" or spun with a
string.
Custom Old as the Ages.
When I get back home this fall and
begin the birthday toy habit in my
home my children will miss one ben
fit at least of the Chinese" children
which results from a local' Chinese
custom as old as the ages. One month
after a Chinese child Is born a "party"
is given for it by its parents. To this
party is iirvited all of the many rela
tives of the infant down to its fourth
and fifth cousins. At this affair the
baby gets its "milk" name, which is
changed at about the age of 14 to
something probably entirely different.
All the invited guests are expected to
attend and give presents of toys.
clothing or money. It starts the baby
off in life with a pretty good supply
of simple toys, but he or she gets the
"birthday" toys just the same on their
New Year day.
In coming to China by way of India
I passed through Italy and learned
that Italian children receive not only
birthday toys, but toys of all kinds
on the many "feast" days. I do not
know whether the idea originated in
Italy or China, but I like it.
ALCOHOL USED IN HAWAII AS SUBSTITUTE
FOR GASOLINE IN OPERATING AUTOMOBILES
Fluid Developed From Molasses Obtained From Cane By-Prodncts, Which. Mixed With Ether and Other
Substances, Proves Effective Substitute and Is Sold at 8 Cents a Gallon Used Generally on Island.
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CHINESE TOYS STILL MADE
SAME AS 100 YEARS
AGO
Children in Flowery Kingdom All Celebrate Birthdays on Chinese New
Years, No Matter When They Are Born.
BT ELIZA CURTIS.
GA.N
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well liked by our American children.
ANTON". China, Aug. 17. (Spe- whereas the very- few American toys
viicir way into t-nina are the
very toys that Chinese rh!Mr l.
besti- particularly tlTe American toys
iu.i. are mecnanicai or selr-propelling
strong wagons and dolls that open
and close their eye and say "Mamma"
squeezed. Wooden t.,.t,i.i
made in the United States sometimes
get Into the hands of the older Chi
nese children through missionaries
and American traders and are very
I became very much lntri.j i.
Chinese children and particularly in
.cir ana piaytnings. Most of
their little games are' based upon lo
cal conditions and are hard for a for
eigner to understand, but their play-
.itiiiba M4u ic uuugnt ana studied.
My own children have alwava v.nt
me busy since their babyhood in try
ing to discover Just what kind of toys
and playthings they wanted most and
wmcn were Dest ror them.
Piaythlnc-s Child Necessaries.
' My mother, who was a kindergarten
teacher at - one time, has often said
that her experience proved conclu
sively to her that playthings are as
necessary to child life as food and
that the toys and general playthings
a child had in early life had a very
great deal to do with the building of
me cnim s cnaracier.
. Girls learn housewifery arid mother
hood from their toy houses, dishes
and dolls with the dresses and toy
irons ana wasners tnat go with them
cial.) Do you give your chil
dren toys on their birthdays?
The Chinese do. And so shall I
hereafter, because away out here,
thousands of miles from my home in
the United States, I have learned how
much happiness it gives children and
how joyfully they look forward to
their birthday toys.
There will be a considerable differ
ence in more ways than. one. I will
naturally give American-made toys to
my American children and while I
will give on three different dates
during each year, the Chinese chil
dren get their birthday toys all on the
same day the Chinese Kew Year
because no matter on what day of the
year a Chinese child is born, its birth
day is celebrated on the Chinese New
Year day. The child's age is figured
from New Year day to New Year day
and, furthermore, the Chinese child
is called one year old on the day of
its birth and one year older on the
first New Year day after its birth, so
that if a Chinese baby is born in
August of this year it will be consid
ered to be 1 year old at that time and
on the next Chinese New Year it will
be 2 years old. even though it has
actually lived only a few months.
Chinese Toys Antiquated.
Then again the American toys
which I will give my children will be
very different from the toys which
the Chinese children receive. The Chi-
nest toys are still like the toys of
140 years ago and would not be very I They -also learn something .of social
NDIAN PAGEANT PLANNED
Lee Moorhonse of Pendleton to Su
pervise Historical Representation.
PENDLETON, Or.. Aug. 7. (Spe
cial.) Major Lee Moorhouse, veteran
Indian fighter of the northwest, will
leave Pendleton Monday for Seaside,
where he will supervise the Indian
features of the pageant to be pre
sented there -August 13 and 14.
Major Moorhouse will take 2d of
the most elaborate Indian costumes
to lend color to the pageant, which
is to be a historical representation of
the ending of the Lewis and Clarke
trail. Last year Major Moorhouse
superintended the Indian feature in
Portland under the direction of Mrs.
Adah Losh Rose.
PIONEER DAY THURSDAY
Centra lia to Send Big Delegation to
Rochester for Picnic.
CENTRAL! A. "Wash., Aug. 7. (Spe
cial.) The Centralia chamber or com
merce will send a big delegation to
the annual pioneer - day celebration
to be held at Rochester Thursday,
August 12. The local chamber was
largely instrumental in the organiza
tion of the Southwest Washington
Pioneer association, under whose
auspices the picnic will be held.
Governor Hart. Representative John
son. State Land Commissioner Sav
idge and State Senator Judd have ac
cepted invitations to speak at the
picnic
Scoots to Take Week's Hike.
CENTRALIA. Wash., Aug. 7.
(Special.) About 15 Centralis Boy
Scouts will leave Monday morning on
a week's hike through Lewis, Cow
litz and Wahkiakum counties. Final
plans for the trip were mad,e at
meeting held last night.
LI WE RING has become almost a
xury since the price of gaso-
' line has risen with such enor
mous leaps and bounds. ' That is,
flivvering in the United States. But
down in Hawaii, which has become
more or less famous via the medium
of .the hula-hula and ukuleles, auto
mobile jovriders are pooh-poohing
gasoline and its almost prohibitive
price. For In that section of the world
they now flit about in their automo
biles on a substitute that costs but
8 cents a gallon. This substitute is
none other than that which has
caused such a hullaballoo from Maine
to Florida and from New York to
California, namely, alcchol. For If
alcohol cannot be fed to the human
there is no law as yet which forbids
feeding it to .notor vehicles with the
result that Kiny Alcohol, scorned by
our uplifters, has at, last come Into Its
own. ...
In short, " the gasoline shortage
question is solved. Urged on by the
reports that the supply of gasoline
for fuel purposes In the United States
Is failing and that there will be no
gasoline or automobile consumption
within a few years, Hawaiian sugar
care growers have developed, from
molasees obtained from cane by
products, an alcohol fluid, which.
mixed with ether and other sub
stances, is proving a most effective
substitute.
It has already become successful
and the Hawaiian islands have now
become Independent or American
gasoline producers and will, within a
short spac of time, be in a position
to supply the continental market with
the new and inexpensive substitute.
Cost Is S Cents a Gallon.
For the past several months large
agricultural companies on the island
of Maui have operated their fleets of
trucks on this substitute at a cost of
only 8 cents a gallon. The new fuel,
the process of manufacture of which
hR3 been invented by J. P. Foster.
superintendent of the Maui Agricul
tural cenpany. is not only cheap, but
it has ether advantages". The trucks
using it have been found to operate
with 20 per C3nt more power and no
cylinder trouble has been experi
enced. Besides, the new fuel is re
ported to make for cleaner cylinders.
The first plant erected In Hawaii
was started in July. 1817. at a time
when it seemed certain that a con
tinuar.ee of the war would bring
about a shortage or failure of the
gasoline supply and a consequent hin
drance in agricultural operations.
The raw material used for the p-as
oline substitute was cane sugar mo
lasses, and, -due to the war demand
for alcohol and Its derivations. It was
found muc'i more profitable to ship
this molasses in tankers to the main
land. At the end of hostilities the
price of molasses resumed a normal
level and the operation of the substi
tute plant was Msmtiet- The produc
tion was so satisfactory that that
plant was enlarged from Its original
capacity of 350 gallons dafly to more
than double that amount.
The process followed Is that of fer
menting the raw material and dis
tilling it Into- jthyl alcohol. The alco
hoi is taken ir. charge by officers of
the internal revenue, and by them de
natured, or rendered unfit for bever
age use, after which a port'.on of the
alcohol is re-listilled Into ethyl ether,
which is then mixed back Into the
alcohol, thus forming the motor alco
hoi. The latter gives results in mile
age which are fullv equal to, or better
than, those obtained from- gasoline,
and can be made of any material ca
pable of alcoholic fernuntatlon. which
means that there is an annually re
newable supply wherever there is soil,
water' and sunlight.
Fuel Shortage Overeome.
In Hawaii the chief sources of sup
ply are the molasses from the sugar
factories and the refuse from the
pineapple canneries which are to
gether sufficient to supply all the
needs "of the territory. In addition
to the distillery of the Maui Agricul
tural company, there is another now
being erected by the Hawaii mills,
and a third by the California Packers
corporation, which will produce about
1500 gallons daily from the pineapple
refuse from their great' cannery in
Honolulu. Many other distilleries are
being contemplated for Hawaii and
wo are' being n.ow considered for
erection near. Manila, P. I.
NecesFity is said to be the mother
of invention . and it is probably be
cause of that fact that Hawaii has
come to the fore with her gasoline
substitute. Modern Industrialism is
founded upon iron and the beat - to
smelt that iron which may come from
coal. F.s, or water power, the three
great sources of natural energy. In
all of these the Hawaiian Islands hive
been thort to the point of destitution.
Every pound of fuel, outside of some
firewood and . bugasse used mostly
for domestic purposes, has to be im
ported. Because of this fact the experi
ments which have culminated in the
new product were first begun. --And
although the territory has been lack
ing in fuel, it does, however, possess
fuel resources of Very considerable
extent now that motor alcohol has
ecome a reality. . Hawaii annually
turn3 out about 135,000 tons of molas
ses. From each of these tens there
can be produced approximately 67
gallons of $5 per cent alcohol, or a
total of about 9,000.000 gallons, which
may be used for - any purpose for
which gasoline or engine distillate
are suitable.
Many substances have been tried
for gasoline, but of them all alcohol
has proved the most promising. This
fact is no doubt brought about by the
similarity of the fundamental prin
ciples involved. Gasoline and alcohol
engines are built and operated on ex
actly the same principles and the ac
tion of the two. fuels is relatively the
same. Explosive mixtures of the va
pors of gasoline and of alcohol with
air are formed in the same manner,
and the subsequent burning of these
explosive mixtures in the engine cyl
inders takes place in a similar way
and with similar results.
In addition to the fundamental sim
ilarity, alcohol possesses advantages
that are not found in gasoline. The
raw material for the manufacture is
annually reproduced by nature In all
places where earth, water and sun
shine are found. Its storage and use
are less restricted by insurance com
panies than in .the case of gasoline.
In the -case of lire It can be readily
extinguished by water and it mixes in
all proportions with water and will
continue to operate an engine even
when diluted to 50 per cent water.
I.ess Heat Is Generated..
Another important factor is that it
generates less heat of combustion,
consequently causing less cooling
water, the cylinder temperatures are
lower with the result that cylinder
lubrication difficulties are eliminated
and carbon deposits are prevented,
making for cleaner cylinders. There
is less vibration, smoother operation
and absence of pre-ienition knocking
when the substitute is in use.
The use of ordinary denatured alco
hol in. gasoline burning engines is
attended with some difficulties for
the following reasons: In the'flrst
place being of much lower volatility
than gasoline, an explosive mixture
of air and alcohol vapor, Is difficult to
create at ordinary temperatures,
hence there is difficulty in starting
the engine when cold.
Secondly, an explosive mixture of
alcohol and air is formed in a very
different ratio than that of air and
gasoline, the former being from &V4
to 11 Vx parts of air to one of alcohol
by weight, and the latter from 19 to
23 parts of air to one of gasoline by
weight, when used at the same com
pression. ,
Thirdly, an explosive mixture of air
and ' alcohol vapor is formed within
narrower limits than the mixture of
air and gasoline, consequently the en
gine has a much lessened speed flexi
bility.
Analysis of these difficulties, how
ever, showed that they were due pri
marily to three causes, which were
low volatility, low vapor pressure and
low range of explosive mixture with
air. It was readily seen that if these
three deficiences in alcohol could be
overcome by the addition of some sub
stance soluble in alcohol which would
supply the needed characeristics to al
cohol with no added disadvantages
alcohol would immediately become a
much more valuable fuel because in
stantly adaptable to an ordinary gaso
line engine.
Fluid la Volatile.
street railway companies, express
companies and railroad companies
were under the control of the City ot
Portland there would be enough em
ployes in the municipally owned or
controlled plants to easily control the
politics of the city.
Undoubtedly such employes would
organize and Insist that the candi
dates for the city offices should in
crease their wages before they would
give them their support.
And a candidate who would refuse
to assist them would have their united
opposition. This, would undoubtedly
defeat such candidates for the city
offices.
Kvlla Would Develop.
Again, the charter Itself could be
changed by the united voice of such
employes and made favorable to
themselves. Tbey could prolong the
length of office of the city officers
to such an extent as to make It nearly
Impossible for other citizens to
change the control of such officers or
change the city government.
Out of this would grow a contest
between the persons who are not in
municipal positions and the outside
citizens. All kinds of evils would
grow up under such a system and the
independent voter or the voter who ia
not in a municipal position would be
come antagonistic to the government
of the city.
Efficiency would be lost sight ot
under such a system. The evils that
grow up in any business would, under
such a form, be nearly Impossible ot
correction.
If such control occnr In all the
large cities of the United States and
in the state governments as well and
In the United States government also,
undoubtedly a combination would be
formed between the persons who are
under city, state or United States
government and they would become a
body of citizens opposed to any
change ot any kind whatsoever in
governmental matters which did not
tend to their individual advancement.
Thus the independent worker or the
worker who was not in the state's
employ would tend to be unfriendly
and opposed to the government under
which he lived and, if he were unable
to change It or to make laws to pro
tect himself, he would be found In re
bellion against the form of govern
ment that such a system would cre
ate. The courts, being appointed by
officers of the government under the
control o such employes, would tend
to support the changes initiated by
such employes in the government.
Municipal ownership is a princlDle
diametrically opposed to our system
of government. In an Indirect form
it is the same as militarism, because
the country is controlled by the em-
loyes o? the government and it would
be a short step for this municipally
controlled government to employ suf
ficient citizens in its military depart
ment to carry out its purposes.
Emphasis Laid on Wrong Point.
It Is a very different thing for a
government to carry on municipally
certain small enterprises where there
is a large body of independent voters
and a very small number of municipal
employes from what it would be
where all large public utilities and
railroads and all their employes are
under the control of the government.
The reason is that the small body of
municipal employes has no real politi
cal influence, whereas if they were
large enough in number to be able to
become the balance of power 'n politi
cal matters a very different situation
would arise.
Efficiency in work Is nearly the
sole test for advancement in private
business at the present time, but
under such new system efficiency in
politics would be the means of ad
vancement rather than efficiency la
work.
Thus the emphasis Is laid on the
wrong point and tends inevitably to
decrease production and create slow
and unprofitable methods, continue
the use of old and obsolete machinery
and destroy initiative In the individual.
Christian Science Church Is Donee.
SEATTLE. Aug. 7. Bequests to the
fourth Church of Christ. Scientist.
The difficulties have been done ! Seattle, and 50.000 for the founding
a. way wun, now ever, 1111 iub aiu ui
ether, which is now being used in the
motor alcohol in Hawaii. It will mix
with alcohol in all proportions and
large percentage of water.
It is very volatile, has a high vapor
pressure and an extremely wide range
of explosive mixture with air, has a
high thermal value, burns with no
solid products of combustion and is
easily and cheaply produced wherever
acohol is available. It is therefore
possible to produce a mixture of al-
co hoi and ether in such proportions as!
to form an ideal, fuel for gasoline en- j
gines, giving great power, speed and ;
flexibility combined with smoothness j
of operation and ease of starting. j
The result is that the mixture be-
comes a true gasoline substitute which 1
may be instantly substituted for gaso
line and which gives the same or bet
ter results without modification of the
engine or its accessories and with no
change in ordinary methods of manip
ulation. Tha w.aa a Innhnl marls e. nn i n e
to the new formula has been manu
factured in Hawaii and subjected to 1
successful tests in stationary, marine, j
automobile, truck and tractor gasoline
engines. In a 36-hour test made on a '
75-horse power Holt caterpillar trac- j
tor equipped with an ordinary En
sign carburetor it pulled two Holt disc
plows with ten 28-inch-diameter discs, j
The alcohol consumption wars four gal- j
Ions per hour as compared with four j
and & half gallons of distillate on '
similar work. With the motor alco-1
hoi the speed of the tractor was
higher and it developed more power
than with distillate. The cylinders
were opened and examined at the con
clusion of the test and the old carbon
deposit was found to be almost en
tirely removed, and it was found that
the carbon remaining was so softened
that it could be picked off with th
fingers.
Plantations which are at present
running their molasses to waste or
burning it -for the potash recovery
would find the manufacture of motor
alcohol a very profitable undertaking.
There is much unnecessary appre
hension as to the internal revenue
regulations regarding distilleries. A
certain minimum amount of regu.a
tion and supervision is necessary to
prevent illicit use-of the alcohol, but
this supervision is entirely at the ex
pense of the government and the dis
tiller will find that the internal reve
nue bureau, through its Honolulu rep
resentative. Colonel Hataway, is not
only willing but anxious to co-operate
in every way and to extend every pos
sible courtesy.
and maintenance of a Puget Sound
auxiliary of the Christian Science
Benevolent association are included
in the will of Frederick & Sylvester
filed for probate here Friday. Mr.
Sylvester died in Seattle recently.
MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP TENDS
TO DISSATISFY ALL EMPLOYES
If Portland Owned Public Utility Companies There Would be Enough
Employes in These Plants to Control Politics of City, Says Writer.
A DEMOCRATIC government Is un
fitted in its very nature to con
duct a business through munici
pal" ownership. -Such a-government
must be easily changed .at the will of
the majority vote. The officers must be
elected at short periods. . The length
of their term of office must also de
pend upon the will of the voters. A
large business to be effective neces
sarily entails centralization of au
thority in the head of the business.
An autocratic form of government
lends itself more readily to municipal
ownership than does that of a . de
mocracy. " --
This necessary,, concentration,. , la
order to carry out municipal business
effectively, is a very dangerous power
to place in the hands of political agi
tators.- Especially is this true where
the employes of the municipally--
owned - plant are - trained to obey
orders of such politicians.
But one of the greatest evils con
nected with municipal- ownership
where a large number of employes
are under state control Is that the
means of advancement for the em
ploye does not lie in superior effi
ciency in his work as much as it lies
in superior efficiency in political mat
ters. If all the telephone and telegraph
companies and electric . light and
T-fcsnnrtiir-
i --ay XT ?,
a" ..,k ,
Correct Glasses
All Opticians and Op
tometrists C L AI M to
make them
Make the Eyes Prove
the Glasses Are Correct
or They Do not Leave
My Establishment.
If your glasses are
correct you can see
clearly and comfortably
with them. If not, the
glasses should be dis
carded and CORRECT
GLASSES worn. Other
wise your eyes may be
permanently injured.
CATARACT and other
serious ailments can
often be traced to poorly
fitted glasses.
Long experience and
a knowledge of the use of
scientific optical mstru
ments enable me to fur
nish you with Perfect-
Fitting Glasses.
You should not fail to see
"Through Life's Windows"
at the Hippodrome all this
week.
Dr. Wheat
Eyesight Specialist
2d Floor Morgan Bldg.
Entrance
346 y2 Washington St.
-robab
Q