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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (June 27, 1920)
THE SUNDAY OTIEGOXTAN, PORTLAND, JUNE 27. 1020 f -I i 1 "1 - 'a GEflNUNf IGflOf! ES TERMS OF TREATY French Are Complaining Bit terly at Evasion. PROMISES NOT FULFILLED Air Foroea Declared Maintained, Ammunition Manufactured and Factories Run Stealthily. (Copyrirht by the New Tork World. Pub lished by ArrtnremenLI PARIS. Juna 28. (Special Cable. The amazing extent to which Ger many has violated the military clauses of the peace treaty la revealed fully for the first time in definite data and figures furnished partly by the French ministry of foreign affairs nd partly by Marshal Foch'a intel ligence department. The Informa tion in question provides an explana tion of France's fears of the recru descence of German militarism and of her insistence upon the rigid enforce ment of the Versailles term by the allied governments. It Is declared that even a casual perusal of the long list of Germany's evasions demonstrates . the delibera tion with which she has disregarded every clause calculated to impair her future military strength. inose lew conditions with which she has com piled and they may be enumerated on the fineers of one hand ar con cerned with minor matters having no direct bearing upon her new. army's potentialities. For instance, she has finally ob served, after much tergiversation and under pressure of the French oc cupation of Frankfort, the special convention limiting her troops in the neutral area east of the Rhine to 17,600. But the forces she continues to maintain in the Reich proper are more than twice as large as the treaty permits. The Reichswehr Sich erheltsDollzel. in staff and other units engaged in winding up the affairs of the old imperial army, aggregate 400,- 000 soldiers. In addition to which there are 40.000 in the marine bri fades and the volunteer corps and untold thousands more In .the Zeit freiwilliae (temporary volunteer) regiments and Elnwohnerwehr (clvio guards). Military Array Formidable. And this formidable array of le glons, equipped with an abundance o arms, ammunition and other war ma terial. remains in existence a fort night after the final date which, under the treaty, should have seen the German army reduced to a max! mum of 200,000 men. It will be recalled that while this reduction was supposed originally to have been completed three months at ter the treaty went into effect, or by April 10, the supreme council granted the Berlin government one month delay. Even more startling is Germany contemptuous disregard of the clauses rovernlntr the armament she is au thorized to preserve. Where the table annexed to the military terms fixes at 204 the number of light field guns and at 84 the number of field howitzers, she may have In her pos session after the obligatory decrease In her army's strength, there are to day, according to the allied commis sion of control, no less than 22,000 cannon, many of them large of cali bre, in German hands. Of machine guns she still possesses S6.000. where the treaty leaves her only 1926. Her Illegitimate stocks of other weapons are fully if not more disproportionate-to the amount stip ulated in the military clauses. As for ammunition, she has so vast a supply that no accurate totaling of it lias been possible. ' Her air force remains mobilized and of thousands of airplanes she should have turned over to the allies not one has left its German airdrome. Confidential reports made to tha French government by General Nollet, chief of the control commission, and other French members of that im portant body, are unanimous In tes tifying to the German authorities' lack of good faith in their relations with the allied military representa tives. Germany will execute the treaty, French officers say, only If she is forced to do so. Her delegates, the French believe, will come to the Spa conference with their mouths full of promises as empty unless the entente powers compel the fulfillment of them by se vere means as those to which she committed herself at the signing of the treaty of Versailles a year ago. Survey Shows Violation. The following survey, based on the French government's data, shows in detail Germany's violations of the military clauses and the air clauses complementary to them: Article iu and 163. Between them these arti cles provide for the reduction of the German army to 200,000 men, divided into a certain fixed numDer oi mil itary units. This reduction, which Is preliminary to the final decrease in Germany's armed strength to 100,000, was sup posed to have been carried out three months after the date of the treaty being put Into effect, but the supreme council authorised tha Germans to postpone the operation until May 10, On that date. Instead of 200.000 men, Germany had, according to the Inter allied control commission figures, total of 400,000, not Including troops she Is authorised to mantain In the neutral area. This total comprises 270.000 sol diers of the reichswehr, 70,000 en gaged in the liquidation of the old Imperial army ana eu.uuu in me sich erheltspolizei (special police force) It is exclusive, however, of two ma rine brigades and certain volunteer corps whose strength is estimated at 40,000, nor does It Include either the zeitfrciwilligen or temporary volun teers and the elnwohnerwehr or civic guards, whose estimated numbers run into many thousands. Under artiole 163 the 200.000 men which Germany was permitted to have under arms on May 10 should have been divided Into not more than 14 in fantry and six cavalry divisions, each composed of a specified number of lesser units. This form of organiza tion, however, has been wholly disre garded by the German army as now constituted. Tha proportion specified tor the various branches of the serv ice, the number of staff and the total of special units do not correspond in any way to tha treaty specifications, KlRbty-seven squadrons of cavalry do not figure in its composition. On the other hand, it Includes batteries of heavy artillery or of antl- lrcraf t guns and numerous aero- autical and technical formations, all f which are forbidden by the treaty. It has 82 Infantry battalions, 30 bat teries of artillery and 24 staffs more than are allowed by articles 160 and 63. Formations not specified by the treaty, such as cyclist companies, com panies ror railroad exploitation, in fantry liaison staffs, are being introduced. Officer Proportion Too Great. The proportion of officers is con- lderably greater than it should be. Germany's dlsingenioua behavior is Proved ty such Incidents as her de mand to have brigade staffs composed or la officers and 65 men, where the French have only one officer antf five men. As regards their irregular mili ary forces the Germans renort the dissolution of one of their marine brigades. The Berlin government has ordered that Zeitfreiwilllgen be disbanded- save for those required to maintain order in the Ruhr valley and Leipzig but the allien commission finds no evidence that this order has been obeyed. The order for muster ing out the Elnwohnerwehr was promulgated from Berlin on April 8 to the governments of the various German states. Its wording, however. made it rather a hint to camouflage still further the Elnwohnerwehr through modifying their armament and relieving them of military exer clses, than an act of suppression. The Sloherheltspollzei continues to ex ist in the form in which it was or ganized, though the Germans claim it now numbers only 60,000 men. In the opinion of the allied military ex perts it and the Reichswehr together constitute the nucleus which In a comparatively short time might' be expanded Into an army several mill ions strong. Probably with this Idea In mind. Germany coolly demanded permission to retain 15 additional batteries of anti-aircraft guns, which she insisted were essential for the repression of spartacist uprisings, 12 batteries of heavy artillery, 21 batteries of minen werfers, and eight aviation camps. ClTil Police Overly-Abundant. ' Article 161, which provides for the reduction of the army's civilian per sonnel to one-tenth of that laid down n the German budget of 1913 has not been carried out. Article 162. which forbids any increase In the numbers of municipal police, customs officers, forest guards and coast guards is be lieved to have been violated, though to what extent is unknown as yet. Article 164, which limits the German armament to the amounts fixed in that table annexed to the military clauses, has been grossly violated. The Reichswehr and the Stcher- heitspolizei between them have double or triple the quantity of portable arms llowed under the table. They have fully 200 light field guns and howitz ers too many and probably more than 100 heavier guns, the possession of which Is flatly forbidden. Article 165 specifies the total stocks of ammunition Germany is authorized to retain. Her violation of this article is so flagrant that the allied control commission has been unable accurately to enumerate the huge stores of shells, cartridges, powder and explosives the Germans have hidden away. Article 166, stipulating the storing of munitions by Germany at certain places approved by the allies has been largely disregarded. Article 167 empowers the allies to fix the amount of artillery and other arms required for the armament of German fortresses. The control com mission fixed at 3500 the number of guns to be retained under this article, but the Germans Insisted that 497S guns was the indispensable minimum. On two occasions the allies formally ordered the Berlin government to carry out their Instructions In this matter without further delay. Thus far, however, the order has been dis obeyed. Article 168 forbids the Germans to manufacture weapons of any kind in factories other than those approved by the allies. Hera again the Ger man government has deliberately sought to evade the treaty terms. The allied commissioners encounter great difficulty in their efforts at fac tory inspection. General Lollet reported that while he was convinced there were between 20,000 and 25,000 factories formerly engaged on war work, only 2131 were accounted for by the British govern ment. Of this number, 293 have been finally passed upon and 631 have either already been or are being in spected. The - commission authorized Ger many to retain two state arsenals for the manufacture or storage of each of the following categories of war material: Powder, explosives, ammu nition, but the Germans replied that they must have at least 79 such es tablishments a proposition wholly unacceptable to the allies. The secret manufacture of guns and other material is carried on under the allied inspectors' very noses. Thus in the Krupp works at Essen a French officer accidentally discov ered 60 field pieces. 180 ammunition wagons and hundreds of shell cases, the existence of which had been kept carefully hidden from the control commission. Article 169 directs the surrender by Germany two months after the treaty came into force of all arms and other war material in excess of the quan tities she Is authorized to retain un der Articles 164 and 165. By her own admission Germany still holds 21.800 guns or gun barrels, 26,000 machine guns, 762,800 portable arms, seven tanks and 240 flamethrowers. All these are of German make. Possession, of Ami Admitted. In addition she admits there are in her possession the following weapons of foreign orlgirK 887 guns or gun barrels, 66 minnewerfers, 6900 ma chine guns, and 647,000 portable arms. which figures the control commission considers far inferior to the real num ber. Germany expresses her readi ness to turn this material over to the allies for destruction, but she is very slow in doing so. Nor has she provided any lists of war ma terial other than that used ror com batant purposes. For instance, no In ventory whatever of the wagons, har ness and other supply train equip ment has been forthcoming. Material actually delivered to the allies is for most part old and dilap idated, the newer stuff being Kept for the reichswehr. The Berlin au thorities specially requested to be permitted to retain their flamethrow ers, claiming- that these were much more serviceable in the quelling of riotous mobs than the more murder ous machine guns. Article 170. forbidding the import tion or exportation of war material bv Germany, has been frequently vio lated, as was shown by the notes of protest Issued on several- occasions by the council of ambassadors. Ger many was recently charged with sending large shipments of arms to Finland- Article 171. by which the manufac ture, importation or storage of pot sonous gases and analogous liquids. armored cars, tanks and similar de vices was prohibited, has been ob served officially. There is reason to believe, however, that asphyxiating aases are still being made secretly. Article 172, -which obliges Germany to disclose to the allied governments "the nature and mode of manutac ture of all explosives, toxic sub stances and other like chemical prep arations used in war," is one of the few provisions with which the Ger mans have complied in full. Articles 173, 174 and 175,' coverin the terms of German military service, have been violated in that no legisla tions has been adopted by the national assembly to enforce them. Article 176, calling for the suppres sion of cadet and -other military schools .has been observed. Article 177, forbidding educational and other clubs or societies to pursue military exercises, has been evaded to the extent that the reichswehr off i cers are assigned to instruct certain scholastic organizations In gymnastic training. ' Article 178 suppresses mobilization measures and "supplementary ca dres" for existing military forma tions. While the mobilization centers have been abolished by the German government, reserves containing sup plementary cadres of officers in the shape of sicherheitspolizei, zeitfrei willlgen and enlwohmnerwehr, are still at the government's disposal. Article 179 has been - fulfilled by Germany for the simple reason that no other country at the present time wants to receive German military missions, which this article is de signed to forbid. Article 180, which provides for the disarming and dismantling of forti fied places west of a line drawn 50 kilometers east -of the Rhine, has been executed under the guns of the allied armies of occupation. Air Personnel Maintained. Tha following data treat of those air clauses which concern the mill I tary as distinct from the naval terms of the treaty. Article 198 begins: "The armed forces of Germany must. not include any military or naval air forces." As previously stated, numerous aerial squadrons are still attached to both the reichswehr and sicherheitspolizei. Article l9, providing for the de mobilization of the air force person- el within two months after the treaty takes effect, remains unexe cuted. The Germans requested the privilege of conserving the police aeronautical rorces, totalling 164 offi cers and 1865 men. This was re used by the council of ambassadors on March 11. Nevertheless an aerial personnel aggregating some 8000 men is still mobilized. Article 200 accords allied aircraft the right of free passage and land ings over and on German territory. The government has initiated no leg islation designed to enforce this ar ticle. Article 201, which prohibits the manufacture of aircraft or their parts, has been carried out only in factories visited by the control com mission. Aircraft importation, also barred under this article, has not been made the subject of special laws UIIIIIIlMf llllllllllllllllilllllllllltllllllllllllffllllllllllllllllf IIIII1IIII1III1I1III1IIIIIIII1IIIIIIIIIIIIIII1IIII V I1UUU Better Optical Service aumui era I 71 fi fol Itll Willi" -"J1tiliWtftTft,Wfttf il J Our Ophthalmometer is one of the moat scientific eye-testing instruments in the world. With it we can detect error of vision instantly. J Eyes carefully examined and properly fitted with glasses, without the use of drugs, by skilled specialists. GLASSES FOR YOUNG and OLD J It makes no difference whether they be for "Grandma," "Grandpa" or "Little Miss-Make-Believe," we can FIT them. Cf We examine the eyes and guarantee proper fitting glasses. I Maybe the children need "eye-help" now, or possibly your own glasses need changing. Come in tomorrow; we will gladly make an examination and tell you the truth. J Remember, we have the facilities and ex perience to insure right results. CJ Complete lens-grinding factory on the by tha national assembly, however. Article 202 decrees that all military and naval aeronautical material, save 100 seaplanes employed In mine searching, shall be delivered to the allies. On May 3 the Germans began violations of this clause by destroy ing considerable numbers of planes In Prussia and Bavaria. The control commission also discovered 14 planes hidden away as well as 297 motors. Ko Planes Surrendered. In the allied inspections of Ger man airdromes ana factories a total of 8933 airplanes, 11,533 motors and 11 dirigibles were located. No planes or other air material whatever, how ever, has been actually turned over to the allied governments. Figures on the amount of destruc tion wrought by Germans are unob tainable at this. time. Two other articles intimately asso ciated with the application of mill tary clauses have been violated wholly or partly by Germany. First, article 206 refers to facilities the Ber lin government is supposed to grant the control commission and which In many cases have been withheld, temporarily at least; second, article 211 calls for the modification of Ger man laws necessary for the execu tion of this part of the treaty. No such modification has taken place. Article 235. Germany has so far not made any advances of money on the 20,000,000,000 gold marks, bonds for which amount were to have been Is sued under this article. Article 238. Restitutions of an in dustrial and agricultural order 'have taken place under reasonable condi tions, in execution of the protocols of the armistice. But concerning house hold effects, works of art, securities and money, no restitution has as yet been made. Germany is discussing the procedure to be followed in this regard. Neither cash Btolen by the Germans nor securities - have yet been turned over, and up to the present the Ger man delegation has only given the commission of reparations dilatory answers on this point. The handing over of merchant ships and fishing boats has not taken place within the two months provided for. This delay has been caused by the fact that Germany tried to obtain from tha commission of reparations concessions on the total delivery of tonnage. 1 Germany has executed In part tne restitution In kind of river boats which, since August 1, 1914, came into her possession or into the possession of one of her allies. On the other hand. Germany has not turned over to the commission of reparations part of her river fleet to the amount of river tonnage losses of the allies during the war. Nor has Germany so far given any inventory of her river fleet. Germany has. up to the present put such conditions on the delivery of particularly urgent material for the restoration of the devastated regions that her offers have been considered unacceptable. The deliveries of cattle stolen take place with difficulty and under un satisfactory conditions. The deliveries of German coal to France made in the first four months of 1920, even when the quantities de llvered in anticipation, according to the protocol of August 29, 1919, are added, are very much less than was provided for by the commission of reparations and required by the treaty of peace. Thus for the month of May tha commission of repara tions had fixed the deliveries . at 1,800,000 tons, but tha deliveries made up to date do not exceed 800,000 tons, No deliveries of benzol, tar or coke have been made to date. The deliveries of sulphate of ammonia are only beginning. French Reoneet Unanswered. No deliveries of pharmaceutical products have been made. The German government has not given any answer to the request of the French government that the stolen French archives be returned. Article 259 None of these has been executed by Germany. The clauses of chapter I (articles 264 to 267) have all been violated, concerning both importations and ex portations. Germany has established an arbitrary and secret system of dis crimination which permits her to re ceive merchandise from one source while excluding that of another. For her exports she makes differential prices, according to the country to i which they are destined allied, nau- j tral or former enemy; the uerman ad ministration also Intervenes in busi ness done by private persons so as to change the price, the date of delivery. the money to be paid, and even to prevent transactions altogether. Contrary to articles 68 and 268 tne products from Alsace-Lorraine, which should be admitted freely with certain limitations, are still interdicted and subject to license. Only recently Ger many agreed to do away with the im port duties imposed on these products. The same applies to the products from the Saare. No disposition seems to have been taken by Gerqnany for the application of articles 374 and 275 for the preven tion of unfair competition with allied or associated manufacturers. Contrary to article 276, the nationals of the allied and associated powers are obliged to submit to discrlmlna tory prices under a secret order of the German administration, amount lng from double to five times the prices paid by German people. HONOR COLLEGES LISTED Oregon School Among Those Re celving "Distinguished" Title. OREGON AGRICULTURAX. COLr- UEGE. June 26. (Special.) A com plete list of institutions awarded the "Distinguished Institution" title for efficiency in military work has been received by the military department of the college. The list is as follows: Agricultural and Technical College of Texas. Al bama Polytechnic institute, Cornell university, Johns Hopkins uni versity, Norwich university, Ohio State college. Oregon Agricultural college, Pennsylvania Military college Purdue university, St. Johns college The Citadel. University of Californi University of Florida, University of Illinois, University of Indiana, Unt versity of Minnesota, University of Missouri, University of Wisconsin Virginia Agricultural and Mechanica college and Polytechnic institute, Vir ginia Military institute. Read The Oregonian classified ads, OREGON MEN IN MAJORITY COLLEGE STCDEXTS AT TRAIN IMS CAMP IX CALIFORNIA. Other Institutions Represented Are) Universities of Oregon. Idaho and Washington. CAMP KEARNET, Cal., June 2 (Special.) Oregon Agricultural col lege has the largest number of men in the K. O. T. C. here. Prominent among the Institutions represented in camp are Washington State college, tha Universities of Oregon, Washington. Idaho and Montana. Besides these institutions are stu dents from the several high schools and colleges In New Mexico, Isevada, Wyoming and Colorado. The fact that Oregon Agricultural college has made the distinguished class of military institutions entitles men in camps from that school to wear a gold sleeve star. Additional units will arrive from day" to day until the 1176 men are completely billeted. Then follows six weeks of intensive training. The civil and social clubs of San Diego have provided for entertain ments for the men while they are in the city on week ends. Provisions have been made also at camp for tha entertainment of the men. The camp is under the direction of Colonel Chrisman with Major Joseph K. Partello as senior instructor. Cmpire Held for. Grand Larceny. SALEM. Or., June 26. (Special.) B. F. Davies, Salem umpire, who was arrested recently on a-charge of burg lary in connection with breaking into the house of his wife's sister and dragging Mrs. Davies into the yard, where she was beaten, today was held to appear before the Marlon county grand jury at its next session. 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