THE SUNDAY OTIEGOXTAN, PORTLAND, JUNE 27. 1020
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GEflNUNf IGflOf!
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TERMS OF TREATY
French Are Complaining Bit
terly at Evasion.
PROMISES NOT FULFILLED
Air Foroea Declared Maintained,
Ammunition Manufactured and
Factories Run Stealthily.
(Copyrirht by the New Tork World. Pub
lished by ArrtnremenLI
PARIS. Juna 28. (Special Cable.
The amazing extent to which Ger
many has violated the military clauses
of the peace treaty la revealed fully
for the first time in definite data
and figures furnished partly by the
French ministry of foreign affairs
nd partly by Marshal Foch'a intel
ligence department. The Informa
tion in question provides an explana
tion of France's fears of the recru
descence of German militarism and of
her insistence upon the rigid enforce
ment of the Versailles term by the
allied governments.
It Is declared that even a casual
perusal of the long list of Germany's
evasions demonstrates . the delibera
tion with which she has disregarded
every clause calculated to impair her
future military strength. inose lew
conditions with which she has com
piled and they may be enumerated
on the fineers of one hand ar con
cerned with minor matters having no
direct bearing upon her new. army's
potentialities.
For instance, she has finally ob
served, after much tergiversation
and under pressure of the French oc
cupation of Frankfort, the special
convention limiting her troops in the
neutral area east of the Rhine to
17,600. But the forces she continues
to maintain in the Reich proper are
more than twice as large as the
treaty permits. The Reichswehr Sich
erheltsDollzel. in staff and other units
engaged in winding up the affairs of
the old imperial army, aggregate 400,-
000 soldiers. In addition to which
there are 40.000 in the marine bri
fades and the volunteer corps and
untold thousands more In .the Zeit
freiwilliae (temporary volunteer)
regiments and Elnwohnerwehr (clvio
guards).
Military Array Formidable.
And this formidable array of le
glons, equipped with an abundance o
arms, ammunition and other war ma
terial. remains in existence a fort
night after the final date which,
under the treaty, should have seen
the German army reduced to a max!
mum of 200,000 men.
It will be recalled that while this
reduction was supposed originally to
have been completed three months at
ter the treaty went into effect, or by
April 10, the supreme council granted
the Berlin government one month
delay.
Even more startling is Germany
contemptuous disregard of the clauses
rovernlntr the armament she is au
thorized to preserve. Where the table
annexed to the military terms fixes
at 204 the number of light field
guns and at 84 the number of field
howitzers, she may have In her pos
session after the obligatory decrease
In her army's strength, there are to
day, according to the allied commis
sion of control, no less than 22,000
cannon, many of them large of cali
bre, in German hands.
Of machine guns she still possesses
S6.000. where the treaty leaves her
only 1926. Her Illegitimate stocks of
other weapons are fully if not more
disproportionate-to the amount stip
ulated in the military clauses.
As for ammunition, she has so vast
a supply that no accurate totaling of
it lias been possible. '
Her air force remains mobilized
and of thousands of airplanes she
should have turned over to the allies
not one has left its German airdrome.
Confidential reports made to tha
French government by General Nollet,
chief of the control commission, and
other French members of that im
portant body, are unanimous In tes
tifying to the German authorities'
lack of good faith in their relations
with the allied military representa
tives. Germany will execute the
treaty, French officers say, only If
she is forced to do so.
Her delegates, the French believe,
will come to the Spa conference with
their mouths full of promises as
empty unless the entente powers
compel the fulfillment of them by se
vere means as those to which she
committed herself at the signing of
the treaty of Versailles a year ago.
Survey Shows Violation.
The following survey, based on the
French government's data, shows in
detail Germany's violations of the
military clauses and the air clauses
complementary to them: Article iu
and 163. Between them these arti
cles provide for the reduction of the
German army to 200,000 men, divided
into a certain fixed numDer oi mil
itary units.
This reduction, which Is preliminary
to the final decrease in Germany's
armed strength to 100,000, was sup
posed to have been carried out three
months after the date of the treaty
being put Into effect, but the supreme
council authorised tha Germans to
postpone the operation until May 10,
On that date. Instead of 200.000 men,
Germany had, according to the Inter
allied control commission figures,
total of 400,000, not Including troops
she Is authorised to mantain In the
neutral area.
This total comprises 270.000 sol
diers of the reichswehr, 70,000 en
gaged in the liquidation of the old
Imperial army ana eu.uuu in me sich
erheltspolizei (special police force)
It is exclusive, however, of two ma
rine brigades and certain volunteer
corps whose strength is estimated at
40,000, nor does It Include either the
zeitfrciwilligen or temporary volun
teers and the elnwohnerwehr or civic
guards, whose estimated numbers run
into many thousands.
Under artiole 163 the 200.000 men
which Germany was permitted to have
under arms on May 10 should have
been divided Into not more than 14 in
fantry and six cavalry divisions, each
composed of a specified number of
lesser units. This form of organiza
tion, however, has been wholly disre
garded by the German army as now
constituted. Tha proportion specified
tor the various branches of the serv
ice, the number of staff and the total
of special units do not correspond in
any way to tha treaty specifications,
KlRbty-seven squadrons of cavalry do
not figure in its composition.
On the other hand, it Includes
batteries of heavy artillery or of antl-
lrcraf t guns and numerous aero-
autical and technical formations, all
f which are forbidden by the treaty.
It has 82 Infantry battalions, 30 bat
teries of artillery and 24 staffs more
than are allowed by articles 160 and
63. Formations not specified by the
treaty, such as cyclist companies, com
panies ror railroad exploitation, in
fantry liaison staffs, are being introduced.
Officer Proportion Too Great.
The proportion of officers is con-
lderably greater than it should be.
Germany's dlsingenioua behavior is
Proved ty such Incidents as her de
mand to have brigade staffs composed
or la officers and 65 men, where the
French have only one officer antf five
men. As regards their irregular mili
ary forces the Germans renort the
dissolution of one of their marine
brigades. The Berlin government has
ordered that Zeitfreiwilllgen be disbanded-
save for those required to
maintain order in the Ruhr valley
and Leipzig but the allien commission
finds no evidence that this order has
been obeyed. The order for muster
ing out the Elnwohnerwehr was
promulgated from Berlin on April 8
to the governments of the various
German states. Its wording, however.
made it rather a hint to camouflage
still further the Elnwohnerwehr
through modifying their armament
and relieving them of military exer
clses, than an act of suppression. The
Sloherheltspollzei continues to ex
ist in the form in which it was or
ganized, though the Germans claim it
now numbers only 60,000 men. In
the opinion of the allied military ex
perts it and the Reichswehr together
constitute the nucleus which In a
comparatively short time might' be
expanded Into an army several mill
ions strong.
Probably with this Idea In mind.
Germany coolly demanded permission
to retain 15 additional batteries of
anti-aircraft guns, which she insisted
were essential for the repression of
spartacist uprisings, 12 batteries of
heavy artillery, 21 batteries of minen
werfers, and eight aviation camps.
ClTil Police Overly-Abundant.
' Article 161, which provides for the
reduction of the army's civilian per
sonnel to one-tenth of that laid down
n the German budget of 1913 has not
been carried out. Article 162. which
forbids any increase In the numbers
of municipal police, customs officers,
forest guards and coast guards is be
lieved to have been violated, though
to what extent is unknown as yet.
Article 164, which limits the German
armament to the amounts fixed in
that table annexed to the military
clauses, has been grossly violated.
The Reichswehr and the Stcher-
heitspolizei between them have double
or triple the quantity of portable arms
llowed under the table. They have
fully 200 light field guns and howitz
ers too many and probably more than
100 heavier guns, the possession of
which Is flatly forbidden.
Article 165 specifies the total stocks
of ammunition Germany is authorized
to retain. Her violation of this
article is so flagrant that the allied
control commission has been unable
accurately to enumerate the huge
stores of shells, cartridges, powder
and explosives the Germans have
hidden away.
Article 166, stipulating the storing
of munitions by Germany at certain
places approved by the allies has
been largely disregarded.
Article 167 empowers the allies to
fix the amount of artillery and other
arms required for the armament of
German fortresses. The control com
mission fixed at 3500 the number of
guns to be retained under this article,
but the Germans Insisted that 497S
guns was the indispensable minimum.
On two occasions the allies formally
ordered the Berlin government to
carry out their Instructions In this
matter without further delay. Thus
far, however, the order has been dis
obeyed. Article 168 forbids the Germans to
manufacture weapons of any kind in
factories other than those approved
by the allies. Hera again the Ger
man government has deliberately
sought to evade the treaty terms.
The allied commissioners encounter
great difficulty in their efforts at fac
tory inspection.
General Lollet reported that while
he was convinced there were between
20,000 and 25,000 factories formerly
engaged on war work, only 2131 were
accounted for by the British govern
ment. Of this number, 293 have been
finally passed upon and 631 have
either already been or are being in
spected.
The - commission authorized Ger
many to retain two state arsenals for
the manufacture or storage of each
of the following categories of war
material: Powder, explosives, ammu
nition, but the Germans replied that
they must have at least 79 such es
tablishments a proposition wholly
unacceptable to the allies.
The secret manufacture of guns
and other material is carried on under
the allied inspectors' very noses.
Thus in the Krupp works at Essen
a French officer accidentally discov
ered 60 field pieces. 180 ammunition
wagons and hundreds of shell cases,
the existence of which had been kept
carefully hidden from the control
commission.
Article 169 directs the surrender by
Germany two months after the treaty
came into force of all arms and other
war material in excess of the quan
tities she Is authorized to retain un
der Articles 164 and 165. By her own
admission Germany still holds 21.800
guns or gun barrels, 26,000 machine
guns, 762,800 portable arms, seven
tanks and 240 flamethrowers. All
these are of German make.
Possession, of Ami Admitted.
In addition she admits there are in
her possession the following weapons
of foreign orlgirK 887 guns or gun
barrels, 66 minnewerfers, 6900 ma
chine guns, and 647,000 portable arms.
which figures the control commission
considers far inferior to the real num
ber. Germany expresses her readi
ness to turn this material over to
the allies for destruction, but she
is very slow in doing so. Nor has
she provided any lists of war ma
terial other than that used ror com
batant purposes. For instance, no In
ventory whatever of the wagons, har
ness and other supply train equip
ment has been forthcoming.
Material actually delivered to the
allies is for most part old and dilap
idated, the newer stuff being Kept
for the reichswehr. The Berlin au
thorities specially requested to be
permitted to retain their flamethrow
ers, claiming- that these were much
more serviceable in the quelling of
riotous mobs than the more murder
ous machine guns.
Article 170. forbidding the import
tion or exportation of war material
bv Germany, has been frequently vio
lated, as was shown by the notes of
protest Issued on several- occasions
by the council of ambassadors. Ger
many was recently charged with
sending large shipments of arms to
Finland-
Article 171. by which the manufac
ture, importation or storage of pot
sonous gases and analogous liquids.
armored cars, tanks and similar de
vices was prohibited, has been ob
served officially. There is reason to
believe, however, that asphyxiating
aases are still being made secretly.
Article 172, -which obliges Germany
to disclose to the allied governments
"the nature and mode of manutac
ture of all explosives, toxic sub
stances and other like chemical prep
arations used in war," is one of the
few provisions with which the Ger
mans have complied in full.
Articles 173, 174 and 175,' coverin
the terms of German military service,
have been violated in that no legisla
tions has been adopted by the national
assembly to enforce them.
Article 176, calling for the suppres
sion of cadet and -other military
schools .has been observed.
Article 177, forbidding educational
and other clubs or societies to pursue
military exercises, has been evaded to
the extent that the reichswehr off i
cers are assigned to instruct certain
scholastic organizations In gymnastic
training.
' Article 178 suppresses mobilization
measures and "supplementary ca
dres" for existing military forma
tions. While the mobilization centers
have been abolished by the German
government, reserves containing sup
plementary cadres of officers in the
shape of sicherheitspolizei, zeitfrei
willlgen and enlwohmnerwehr, are
still at the government's disposal.
Article 179 has been - fulfilled by
Germany for the simple reason that
no other country at the present time
wants to receive German military
missions, which this article is de
signed to forbid.
Article 180, which provides for the
disarming and dismantling of forti
fied places west of a line drawn 50
kilometers east -of the Rhine, has
been executed under the guns of the
allied armies of occupation.
Air Personnel Maintained.
Tha following data treat of those
air clauses which concern the mill
I tary as distinct from the naval terms
of the treaty.
Article 198 begins: "The armed
forces of Germany must. not include
any military or naval air forces." As
previously stated, numerous aerial
squadrons are still attached to both
the reichswehr and sicherheitspolizei.
Article l9, providing for the de
mobilization of the air force person-
el within two months after the
treaty takes effect, remains unexe
cuted. The Germans requested the
privilege of conserving the police
aeronautical rorces, totalling 164 offi
cers and 1865 men. This was re
used by the council of ambassadors
on March 11.
Nevertheless an aerial personnel
aggregating some 8000 men is still
mobilized.
Article 200 accords allied aircraft
the right of free passage and land
ings over and on German territory.
The government has initiated no leg
islation designed to enforce this ar
ticle.
Article 201, which prohibits the
manufacture of aircraft or their
parts, has been carried out only in
factories visited by the control com
mission. Aircraft importation, also
barred under this article, has not
been made the subject of special laws
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by tha national assembly, however.
Article 202 decrees that all military
and naval aeronautical material, save
100 seaplanes employed In mine
searching, shall be delivered to the
allies. On May 3 the Germans began
violations of this clause by destroy
ing considerable numbers of planes
In Prussia and Bavaria. The control
commission also discovered 14 planes
hidden away as well as 297 motors.
Ko Planes Surrendered.
In the allied inspections of Ger
man airdromes ana factories a total
of 8933 airplanes, 11,533 motors and
11 dirigibles were located. No planes
or other air material whatever, how
ever, has been actually turned over
to the allied governments.
Figures on the amount of destruc
tion wrought by Germans are unob
tainable at this. time.
Two other articles intimately asso
ciated with the application of mill
tary clauses have been violated
wholly or partly by Germany. First,
article 206 refers to facilities the Ber
lin government is supposed to grant
the control commission and which In
many cases have been withheld,
temporarily at least; second, article
211 calls for the modification of Ger
man laws necessary for the execu
tion of this part of the treaty. No
such modification has taken place.
Article 235. Germany has so far not
made any advances of money on the
20,000,000,000 gold marks, bonds for
which amount were to have been Is
sued under this article.
Article 238. Restitutions of an in
dustrial and agricultural order 'have
taken place under reasonable condi
tions, in execution of the protocols of
the armistice. But concerning house
hold effects, works of art, securities
and money, no restitution has as yet
been made. Germany is discussing
the procedure to be followed in this
regard.
Neither cash Btolen by the Germans
nor securities - have yet been turned
over, and up to the present the Ger
man delegation has only given the
commission of reparations dilatory
answers on this point.
The handing over of merchant ships
and fishing boats has not taken place
within the two months provided for.
This delay has been caused by the
fact that Germany tried to obtain
from tha commission of reparations
concessions on the total delivery of
tonnage. 1
Germany has executed In part tne
restitution In kind of river boats
which, since August 1, 1914, came into
her possession or into the possession
of one of her allies.
On the other hand. Germany has
not turned over to the commission
of reparations part of her river fleet
to the amount of river tonnage losses
of the allies during the war. Nor has
Germany so far given any inventory
of her river fleet.
Germany has. up to the present
put such conditions on the delivery of
particularly urgent material for the
restoration of the devastated regions
that her offers have been considered
unacceptable.
The deliveries of cattle stolen take
place with difficulty and under un
satisfactory conditions.
The deliveries of German coal to
France made in the first four months
of 1920, even when the quantities de
llvered in anticipation, according to
the protocol of August 29, 1919, are
added, are very much less than was
provided for by the commission of
reparations and required by the
treaty of peace. Thus for the month
of May tha commission of repara
tions had fixed the deliveries . at
1,800,000 tons, but tha deliveries made
up to date do not exceed 800,000 tons,
No deliveries of benzol, tar or
coke have been made to date. The
deliveries of sulphate of ammonia
are only beginning.
French Reoneet Unanswered.
No deliveries of pharmaceutical
products have been made.
The German government has not
given any answer to the request of
the French government that the
stolen French archives be returned.
Article 259 None of these has been
executed by Germany.
The clauses of chapter I (articles
264 to 267) have all been violated,
concerning both importations and ex
portations. Germany has established
an arbitrary and secret system of dis
crimination which permits her to re
ceive merchandise from one source
while excluding that of another. For
her exports she makes differential
prices, according to the country to
i which they are destined allied, nau- j
tral or former enemy; the uerman ad
ministration also Intervenes in busi
ness done by private persons so as to
change the price, the date of delivery.
the money to be paid, and even to
prevent transactions altogether.
Contrary to articles 68 and 268 tne
products from Alsace-Lorraine, which
should be admitted freely with certain
limitations, are still interdicted and
subject to license. Only recently Ger
many agreed to do away with the im
port duties imposed on these products.
The same applies to the products
from the Saare.
No disposition seems to have been
taken by Gerqnany for the application
of articles 374 and 275 for the preven
tion of unfair competition with allied
or associated manufacturers.
Contrary to article 276, the nationals
of the allied and associated powers
are obliged to submit to discrlmlna
tory prices under a secret order of
the German administration, amount
lng from double to five times the
prices paid by German people.
HONOR COLLEGES LISTED
Oregon School Among Those Re
celving "Distinguished" Title.
OREGON AGRICULTURAX. COLr-
UEGE. June 26. (Special.) A com
plete list of institutions awarded the
"Distinguished Institution" title for
efficiency in military work has been
received by the military department
of the college.
The list is as follows: Agricultural
and Technical College of Texas. Al
bama Polytechnic institute, Cornell
university, Johns Hopkins uni
versity, Norwich university, Ohio
State college. Oregon Agricultural
college, Pennsylvania Military college
Purdue university, St. Johns college
The Citadel. University of Californi
University of Florida, University of
Illinois, University of Indiana, Unt
versity of Minnesota, University of
Missouri, University of Wisconsin
Virginia Agricultural and Mechanica
college and Polytechnic institute, Vir
ginia Military institute.
Read The Oregonian classified ads,
OREGON MEN IN MAJORITY
COLLEGE STCDEXTS AT TRAIN
IMS CAMP IX CALIFORNIA.
Other Institutions Represented Are)
Universities of Oregon. Idaho
and Washington.
CAMP KEARNET, Cal., June 2
(Special.) Oregon Agricultural col
lege has the largest number of men in
the K. O. T. C. here. Prominent among
the Institutions represented in camp
are Washington State college, tha
Universities of Oregon, Washington.
Idaho and Montana.
Besides these institutions are stu
dents from the several high schools
and colleges In New Mexico, Isevada,
Wyoming and Colorado.
The fact that Oregon Agricultural
college has made the distinguished
class of military institutions entitles
men in camps from that school to
wear a gold sleeve star.
Additional units will arrive from
day" to day until the 1176 men are
completely billeted. Then follows six
weeks of intensive training.
The civil and social clubs of San
Diego have provided for entertain
ments for the men while they are in
the city on week ends. Provisions
have been made also at camp for tha
entertainment of the men.
The camp is under the direction
of Colonel Chrisman with Major
Joseph K. Partello as senior instructor.
Cmpire Held for. Grand Larceny.
SALEM. Or., June 26. (Special.)
B. F. Davies, Salem umpire, who was
arrested recently on a-charge of burg
lary in connection with breaking into
the house of his wife's sister and
dragging Mrs. Davies into the yard,
where she was beaten, today was held
to appear before the Marlon county
grand jury at its next session. In de
fault of ball Davies was committed to
the county jail.
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