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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (June 20, 1915)
TTTE SUXDAT OREGONIAN. PORTLAND, JTJXE 20, 19T3. RECEPTION TO LIBERTY BELL, COUNTRY'S MOST PRECIOUS RELIC, BEING PLANNED BY PORTLAND Historic Emblem That Tolled on Many Occasions of Vast Moment to American People Will Be Greeted Here by Special Committee on July 15 Special . Car Designed to Insure Protection and Party of Officials Will Act as Guard. - ' - V" V ; v 't -111 J s - :l . 5 h L 1-1 - - HM UVp"' : hi - i ' ' - " if a - t a i'i I t a, ( . . 2 v r.v . V3s?? r k '4 T ;ii v5 Ill .."v 1 ' ft Jlf- - ' 4- 1 J , f A WARM welcome wJll be griven to the Liberty Bell upon lta arrival in Portland on the morning of July 15. This famous relic of Ameri can Independence ill remain in the city for six hours, leaving at noon on its way South, where it will be ex hibited at the Panama-Pacific Expo sition. . The bell will come' across the coun try loaded on a special car that has been fashioned so as to reduce to a minimum the strains and jars incident to & long: railway Journey. A gondola car was built especially for the pur pose, fitted with extra springs and the bell has been braced so that it is be lieved it will suffer no burt3 from its trip. The bell will be accompanied on its journey by exposition and Philadelphia officials, who. will guard it on its way. The special train will consist of six other cars besides that upon which the bell will be mounted. Committee to Greet Relic. Upon its arrival in Portland the bell and the party that forms its escort will be greeted by a special reception com mittee consisting of city officials and others and an opportunity will be given to the people of Portland and the sur rounding country to view the famous bell. More intimately connected with the greatest events in the history of this country, those of the Revolutionary period, than any other relic which re mains to the Nation, the Liberty Bell today occupies a unique and impreg-1 liable position in the minds of the peo ple of the United States. Accepted as the silent symbol of lib erty by millions of Americans, cher ished as the most sacred relic in the country, and guarded with the greatest care so that it may remain for the com ing generations, this old bell, first hung in Independence Hall 163 years ago, is growing each year more dear to the citizens of America Silent since July, 1835, when : it cracked while being tolled for the funeral obsequies of John Marshall, Chief Justice of the United States, the Liberty Bell nevertheless reflects more vividly than anything else the days of the struggle of the 13 Colonies against Great Britain, and of the stirring day in July, 1776. when it sent great waves of sound booming across the length and breadth of Philadelphia, and incident ally the entire country, as it announced the adoption of the Declaration of In dependence, i On many occasions, before and after -that date, its tones sounded over the city, each time marking some impor tant event in the life or history of new states, Washington, Jefferson, Frank lin. Lafayette and other famous figures " J o uiDLury were laia lO rest while the great bell tolled a final prayer. Bell Most famous In World. No other bell in the entire world Is eo closely associated with events of such momentous import to the human race. From the trials of the Revolution the Colonies came forth as a united and a free country, with a Constitution which amplified and emphasized the In scription upon the bell which had sounded as the Proclamation of Inde pendence was adopted "Proclaim Lib erty Throughout All the Land Unto All the Inhabitants Thereof, Lev. xxv., v. Thousands' of persons, visitors not! only from all States of the Union, but from all countries in the world, annu ally go to Independence Hall that they may see the famous emblem of liberty, occupying the most prominent point In the building, which has been charac terized "The Cradle of Liberty." Rev erence, respect, awe, and patriotism are kindled in hundreds of persons as they stand in front of the bell and think of the events in which it played a prominent part. The Liberty Bell was ordered that the need of the Assembly of the Province of Pennsylvania for a great bell to sound on public occasions might be filled. In 1J51 the 60th anniversary of the granting of the second charter of the City of Philadelphia by AVilllam Penn was celebrated and on that occa sion the Assembly decided that a new and largrer bell was needed. A com mittee was appointed to secure such a bell, which was to be Inscribed prop erly and dedicated to Pennsylvania's half-century of prosperity under Penn's second charter. Inscription M Prophry. . o Isaac Morris. Thomas Leach and Fdward Warner was assigned the task of procuring a bell suitable for the purpose of the Assembly. Norris. a student of the Bible, selected the in scription which in after years - was symbolic of the greatest occasion in the country's history, when the Bell Indeed proclaimed "Liberty throughout all the Land." In Norris' day it was placed on the Bell as a testimonial of the Province, dedicated to what at that time had proved to be the most successful foun dation of Universal Liberty in the world. The Liberty Bell was first cast, in accordance with the order of the Su perintendents of the State House, in London in 1752. Lester and Cist, of Whitechapel, were the makers. The Bell reached Philadelphia In August, 1752. and was eretced . on trusses in the State House yard, so that it might be tested. That first testing inaugurated the series of accidents which have followed it to' the present day. Early In Sep tember, while still on the trusses, a stroke of the clapper caused it to crack. To John Pass and Charles Stow, Jr., of Philadelphia, was given the contract of recasting the Bell, and the relic which stands today In Independence Hall is their handiwork. Recommended as "ingenious workmen" they were au thorized to take any steps necessary to produce a bell which would fill the needs of the Assembly "To make the metal less brittle, they added an ounce and a half of copper to one pound of the old bell metal. After, the recasting, however, other defects developed, the Bell had lost its tone, and the recasting had to be done over. The third and present Liberty Bell was the result. Like the original, it was lettered In a line encircling its crown with this sentence: "Proclaim LIBERTY" throughout nil the LAND unto all the Inhabitants thereof Lev. XXV, V, X. Immediately under this sentence, also in a line encircling its crown: By Order of the Assembly of the Province of Pennsylvania for the State house in Philadelphia. Pass and Stow. Philada. M D C C L I I I Bell Placed la Steeple In 1753. The Bell was then tested and raised Into the steeple of Independenc Hall during the week of June 1, 1753, where it remained until 1781. when the steeple was taken down. After that It was suspended in the Statehouse tower, un til 1846. and then removed to another part of the hall. At the time Pass and Stow were en gaged In recasting the Bell, the As sembly of the Province, believing that the task of the Philadelphia bell makers was hopeless, ordered, another bell, an exact replica of the original Liberty BelL This was received, but after a comparison the locally .made bell was hoisted to place. What hap pened to the English made bell, which was retained and paid for by the Province, is unknown. The Liberty Bell is 12 feet in cir cumference around the lip and seven feet six inchs around the crown; it is three feet following the line of the bell from the lip to the crown, and two feet three inches over the crown. It is three inches thick at the thickest part near the lip, and one and a quarter inches in the thinnest part toward the crown. The length of the clapper is three feet two inches, and ' the whole contrivance weighs 2080 pounds. The model was one cast by order of Henry III in the early part of the 13th century in memory of Edward the Con fessor, vhich was hung in the clock tower of Westminster and was named St, Edward, but generally known as the- "great Tom of Westminster.". Asuembly Called Together. On August 23, 1753, the bell called the Assembly together in the State house for the first time, and thereby inaugurated its more than 80 years of service. Public occasions, the announce ments of proclamations of war and treaties of peace, welcomes to notables, proclamations , of accessions of the English royal family and a host of other' events . were marked by the tolling of the great bell. Its chief use in the early part of its history, how ever, was to call the members, of the Assembly together and to announce the opening of the courts. When, on May 17, 1755, the Assembly declared "they would not make laws by direction," the Liberty Bell rang out, announcing to the residents of the city that the Assembly had taken important action. It sounded again when the pro vince sent "Mr. Franklin" "Home to England" to solicit redress for their grievances on. February 3, 1757. Franklin, on October 26, 1764, was bidden "Bon voyage" by the bell when he was sent to "Great Britain" to transact the affairs of the province. On September 9, 1765, when the As sembly considered a resolution for a congress of the colonies, one of the most important stages in the prelim inary events leading up to the Revolu tion, the bell sounded again. It called together the meeting when the ship Royal Charlotte, bearing stamps for Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Dela ware, reached Philadelphia, on October 3. 1765. For this occasion the bell was "muf fled and tolled." At the meeting the demand was made and enforced that the-stamps should not be landed but transferred to his Majesty's royal man-of-war, the Sardine, to be returned to England. With its tones muffled 'a second time, the bell was tolled all day long on October SI, 1865, when the staup act was put in operation. borne of the people of the city stayed In their houses mourning the death of liberty, while others in the street met together and burned stamp papers at the coffee-house. The people of the city were assem bled by the ringing of the State House bell on April 25, 1768, to protest against the act of Parliament that closed the planing and splitting mills and stopped the manufacture .of iron and steel in Pennsylvania, the affixing of the King's - arrow on pine trees and the cutting off of the trade of the colonies in all parts of the world. It called together the famous meet ing in the State House yard on July 30, 1768, at which is was stated that the "Parliament of Great Britain had re duced the people here to the level of slaves." Continuing to proclaim and herald almost every important step taken by the Colonies toward the goal of. free dom, the bell called together, on De cember 27,- 1773, the largest meeting that had ever been assembled in the State House yard. There the citizens decided that the ship Polly, then com ing up the Delaware to the city, with tea and a miscellaneous cargo, should not be permitted to land. There was named the committee that, followed by the citizens generally, sent the whole cargo with the tea, the cap tain and the consignee, from the Arch street wharf to its "Old Rotterdam place in Leadenhall street, London." They would not have the detestable tea funneled down their throats with Parliament's duty mixed with it." leading citizens and officials of the province stated at that meeting, adding that "No power on earth had the right to tax them without their consent." . Closing of Boston Heralded. Again ' the hard-worked bell was "muffled and tolled," on June 1, 1774, to announce the closing of the port of Boston. A meeting assembled in the square by the ringing of the bell adopt ed resolutions protesting against this act on the part of Parliament. "On June 18 it called a meeting to relieve the Boston sufferers, at which Phila delphians . contributed 2000 pounds sterling, the Friends of Phila delphia meeting subscribed 2540 pounds In gold, and other counties smaller amounts. Supplies were forwarded from this city. After having done duty at almost every Important event which led up to the Revolutionary War. the Liberty Bell called .8000 of the citizens of Philadelphia to the square on April 25, 1775, after the-Battle of Lexington. There the men pledged themselves to the cause of liberty. From then on the bell rang almost daily to assemble the Continental Con gress to its sessions, first In Carpen ters' Hall and later in Independence HalL Finally, on July 8, 1776, the bell pealed forth on the great occasion whereon it Justified the action of Norris and his associates in having inscribed upon it the injunction, "Proclaim lib berty throughout the land unto all the Inhabitants thereof." and lived up to the expectations of the old Assembly. Truly the Liberty Bell earned the title bestowed upon it on that occasion, although only about 300 attended the historic and momentous meeting at which the Declaration of Independence was given, to the world. There John Nixon read the proclamation, as first Introduced by Richard Henry Lee on June 7, 1776, in the resolution which has since become famous. I. listing? Fame Achieved. This was the greatest occasion upon which the Liberty Bell was sounded, even as the reading of the proclama tion of the Declaration of Independence was the most important event in the history of this country and of liberty. Here the old bell, now the most famous relic in the country, achieved everlast ing fame as. the agency by which the people were drawn together, and by which the news that the proclamation had been adopted was sent broadcast over the city. But the work of Liberty Bell was still far from ended. One year later, on July 4. 1777. It was rung to com memorate the first anniversary of the passage of the Declaration, while the armies lighting for the very life of the Independent Nation were .battling against the forces of the King. On September 18 of that year, how ever, the Liberty Bell was hurriedly removed from the steeple of the State House, and, with the chimes of Christ Church and St. Peter's, was carried by the Colonial soldiers to Allentown, to prevent their capture by the British. On Its first trip, escorted by 200 North Carolina and Virginia soldiers, the bell traveled from Philadelphia to German town, to Bethlehem, to Allentown. While at Allentown It was kept in Zion s Church. The Liberty Bell was away from this city from September 18, 1777, to June 27, 1778. During the period of absence the headquarters of the British army was at the State House, and the artil- I lery park was in the State House yard. Surrender of Corn vrallia Announced. Once more back in its place in Inde pendence Hall, the Liberty Bell an nounced the surrender of Lord Corn wallis at Yorktown on October 24. 1781. On November 27 of the same year it welcomed the : Commander-in-Chief of the armies of the Free States, General George Washington, to the city. On April 16, 1783 it proclaimed the treaty of peace between the United States and Great Britain. On many occasions during the next 15 . years' the bell's tolling proclaimed some important event in the history of the new country. Then, at the death of .Washington, it was again muffled as before the Revolution; and rung dur ing the funeral solemnities on Decem ber 26, 1799. Lafayette's visit to this city on Sep tember 29, 1824, was the signal for the bell to send forth greetings to the man who so ably aided those fighting for their freedom. On July 4,, 1826, it ush ered In the 50th anniversay of the passage of the . Declaration of Inde pendence, "the year of jubilee" written in the passage which gave its motto to the bell. .The death of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson was commorated by the ringing of the bel on July 24. 1826. On July 21, 1834, it commemorated the death of Lafayette. Relic Tolls for Last Time. . The Liberty Bell tolled for the last time on July 8. 1835. John Marshall. Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, died on July 6. His remains were on the day of the anni versary of the first proclamation of the declaration to the people borne to Vir ginia for burial, and during the funeral solemnities the Liberty Bell, while toll ing slowly, suddenly cracked through its side. Despite the pretty legend which was built around the story of the blue-eyed boy waiting outside the door of Inde pendence Hall, .ready to signal to the man in the bell-tower as soon as the Declaration of Independence was adoDt ed, history shows that this famous old bell did not crack when sending forth the news of the declaration for liberty, but served for many important occa sions until 1835. Whether the Liberty Bell is suffer ing from a disease of the metal, due to inequality In mixing, and this ailment was responsible for the parting of the bell In the side, as some metallurgists contend, or whether the strain of serv ice on so many occasions caused the break, there exists a difference of opin ion. In 1846 a scheme was concocted to drill out the crack, and this was done. The large, rugged fissure was made with the hope of restoring its sound, but this effort failed. The bell was thereupori abandoned and put aside in an attic room, its work done, its part in important scenes ended. It was not even shown as a relic for manv vears For the eighth time since it was first hung in Independence Hall, the Liberty neii win De laicen rrom Its home on July 5. when it will start on the cross- continental trip to San Francisco, there to form the principal exhibit in the ranama-Faclflc Exposition. Noted met. allurgical engineers have declared that the bell Is liable to return in pieces, but councils and the mayor, had an swered that patriotic duty to the citi zens of the West demanded that' the relic go, and it is going. Precautions unique in the history of the bell trip will be taken and the bell will be more carefully "cared for than on any of its former trips to expositions in the Fast and South. (Copyright, 1915.) GIRLS, EMPLOYES OF THE O.-W. R. & N. COMPANY, WITH CHAPERONS AND WIVES OF THE OFFICERS OF THE COMPANY, VISIT !r.r:;;. , ' : i 't, J- s-'s;'. . -y - f f ' : J ?i r-v:,' ; j h -1 s -1 ?- ' - - - -; ' r V - 'n 1 yZ4 ' t $ v. i I DELPHINIUMS FEW HERE; CONDITIONS ARE IDEAL Plea Is Made for Wider Planting of Perennial Larkspur and the Creating With Them of Garden Pictures That Would Win Admiration and Envy. f; -ft 1 fr rmhrM II v "jv 4 35- ?& ?V- I I III At V .& "ft Ik W f ,iivU" e. ita I ' s ft. 4 il jr. r .......... Pershin Photo. . ROSE FESTIVAL GlESTS WHO WKHE WIDELY E.TERTA1ED DURING STAV IN PORTLAND. "The out-of-town 'girls in the employ of the O.-W. R. & N. were entertained ' by the company In Portland f or the Rose Festival, and with their chaperons were guests of the company at the various leading hotels in Portland. A number of notable social events were given in their honor, one of the largest and most elabora te being the luncheon and tea for which Mrs. James D. Karrell was hostess on -Friday. . The following day the party with a few of the railroad officials and their wives were guests of the San Francisco . &. Portland Steamship. Company at ' luncheon " on board the Bear, later being entertained furth er with motor' trips about the cltyto view the Irvington children's parade. 1 BY CHARLES F. BARBER. FOR pure grandeur in flowers hav ing blue the predominant color, nothing can compare with the stately Delphiniums, the hybrid kinds. The old-fashioned ntmei for these was perennial Larkspur. Even its foliage is orhate, clean and just the right amount to form a perfect setting for the dignified spikes mounting heavenward to display the abundant blossoms that vie with the sky for blue and copy the purple border of the rainbow in forming the exquisite com binations that are a marked feature of the newer kinds. The Delphiniums breathe forth the spirit of aspiration, rising as they do sometimes to eight feet in height, with a spirt that points directly skyward. . The name "Delphinium" means dol phin flower, as some species have blos soms resembling in shape the dolphin, while "Larkspur'" refers to the project ing spur at the base of the flower, sug gestive of the lark's spur, or heel. , Oregon Climate Ideal. One of the features of the larkspur Is its true perennial habit. While its first performances are fine, it goes on gaining strength with the seasons, in creasing the number of spikes, in some cases throwing up as many as 40 strong ones, all opening at one time. Such results come, of course, only with vig orous sorts and congenial conditions. Oregon has an ideal climate for the Delphinium and it should become as permanent a feature of our gardens and ornamental plantings as the rose Singularly, witn all the wealth of op portunity supplied by nature and the etrides Portland is making in floral gardening, it is difficult to find any really good specimens of Delphiniums, while it is doubtful if a worthy collec tion of these unrivaled flowers can be located in the city. If flower lovers could only know possibilities are lying under their own hands by adding to their gardens the attractions these Delphiniums possess, and of creating such garden pictures as would win the admiration, and even envy, of all who have an eye for the beautiful, they would provide the right situation and conditions of soil and be gin at once the collection of specimens suited to their ideals. Some Features Told. Some of the features of the modern Delphinium are: Densely flowered spikes, large individual flowers, many blossoms opening at one time; shapely sepals (the corolla is made up of sepalB, not true petals), in some varieties gracefully rounded, and constitutions sturdy enough to stand without stak ing. Note the vigor displayed In the illustration No. 1, how erect and with abundant side spikes. Tou could not think of its toppling over. Its petal sepals are deep purple, backed by dark blue ones, with a large eye, mostly white, giving strong .contrast, and is called "Rev. E. Lascelle. In No. 2 is seen the long solid spike of single flowers that open uniformly at one time; a cadet blue with prim black eye, called "John Alden." No. 3 Is one of the light cerulean blues, with white eye; No. 4 is the well-known "King of Delphiniums," while No. 5 shows the individual flowers typical of the new large semi-double hybrids, which come in shades of rose, lavender and purple combined with blue. Continuous -Bloomers Smaller. - The continuous bloomers, such as give flowers all through the season, are of a dwarf er -character growing to an average of about three feet in height and are not expected to pro duce the big spikes and largest blos soms, but the colors are pure and fine and they branch freely for cutting. Named Delphiniums have SixeA characteristics and can be selected for the shades of color desired and for the height and other features Tit ting them for special locations. They may be chosen for delicacy of color or compelling contrasts. The ordinary catalogue will tell you about the hardiness of the Delphinium and lead you to think that it will thrive in almost any soil without prep aration or due attention to planting and that you can get results from such environment as chance dictates. This is misleading and accounts in part for the spindling, scrawny and uninviting specimens too often met with. The other partner in the failure is inferior stock. Good Stock Required. Delphiniums are a hardy race, and not too exacting, but they do want fair treatment. They must have their rations of good, plain, hearty food and plenty of it. Don't expect those big spikes of massed flowers, each two inches across, by pushing the plant down into a trowel-size hole of worn out soil. Neither will good treatment bring good displays from inferior plants. Some of these are modest in price, but get them only under posi tive guarantee that they are true to name and not mere seedlings. Not all growers can be relied upon In this, and even those whose stock is carefully propagated frequently are careless in describing varieties. When seedlings are purchased they should be frankly sold as such. The hybrid varieties are most variable from seed and rarely reproduce the parent. Either the color or the form, or both, will be wrong. English Gardener rays Price. . The English gardener knows his del phiniums as we know our sweet peas or our roses, and he buys discriminat ingly of the perfected kinds. If he happens to be a connoisseur 41 shillings will be gladly paid for some exceptional nnnr snrt. But these hieh prices need not h indulered." f or some of the grand v. , .hi. niTtovh flnwpr are within the reach of every purse. nmwr In America have not learned tn r-hnrtra tha hiETh Dr CCS IOT the new creations in flowers that are obtalne In Europe. Among my own importa tions are some that bring in England several times what any dealer here would dare to charge, in case they could be obtained here at all. For their culture, allow a hole IX inches wide and deep, filled ' one-third full of well rotted manure and good soil mixed half and half. Then fill up with mellow soil that is rich as garden soil should be. A dressing of lime is also benertcial and if some strong clay is in the soil it will be well, only don't allow the ground to harden around the plants. Place the crowns two to three inches below the surface, the roots well spread, and flrn some soil against them before completing the filling of the hole. Blooms Appear Twice. You should count upon three or four weeks of rare enjoyment, beginning the early part of June, and in Autumn a like period, if you have cut them down to the ground immediately after the early flowering and allowed a month's rest before watering freely for the Fall crop. These later spikes will be fine but not so tall as in the Spring. The humming-bird recognizes In the Delphiniums a peculiar charm, for he is a continuous visitor in the season. I have seen him working on them in the rain. The appeal of this flower is to exacting taste in the human family. It i3 not the coarse and flaunting thing that pleases the vulgar fancy. "Well-Known Trapper Dies. ROSE BURG. Or.. June 19. (Special.) William H. Boren, guide, trapper and one of the best-known huntsmen in Southern Oregon, died at a hospital here today after a brief Illness. He had lived in the vicinity of West Fork, Douglas County, for more than 30 years. Mr. Boren was born at Cot tage Grove and is survived by his mother, who lives at Albany. He was a member of the 'Roseburg-lodge of Eagles..