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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (Aug. 16, 1914)
T THE SUNDAY OREGOXIAN, PORTLAND, AUGUST 16, 1914. 5 .I i ... in . i. - -I- .I--. - 1 -i. i i 1 " 1 1 WAR-TIME PICTURE OF GERMAN WAR LORD ALLIANCES VITAL II . Young Men An Event ! L SYSTEM hand-tailored suits the finest young men's suits in the land, in weights and models suitahle for Summer and early Fall wear fabrics and patterns designed and woven especially for young men this week I offer you free choice for One-Half Price IN conflict now Young Men's Store, Second Floor Alignment of Powers, Treaties and Diplomacy Big Fac tors in War. BISMARCK'S ROLE GREAT Germany's Xoted Chancellor Hoped for "Dreikalserbund," Alliance of Russia, Austria-Hungary to Defy All. The grouping of the powers of Eu rope and the diplomatic history un derlying: the formation of the two great alliances are matters of vital importance in understanding present events abroad, especially In view of the fact that the position of Italy threatens a breakdown or the oia re In t Inns of the Trinle Alliance and 4 realignment of powers as a result of the filruerKle. There are two definite and eompara- tlvelv old-established alliances: The Triple Alliance Germany, Aus tria-Hungary and Italy. The Dual Alliance Russia and France. Reinforcing' the latter is the "en tente." more recent and less concrete, with Great Britain, which acts In gen eral diplomatic sympathy with France and Russia in European questions, but Is not bound by any written engage ment to come to the help of either in case of war. The Triple Alliance had its origin In tho diplomacy of Bismarck. Germany's great Chancellor, under whose policies German unity was achieved. Bismarck hoped for a "Dreikalserbund, an al liance of the Emperors of Germany, Russia and Austria, which could face the rest of Europe. After Borne appar ent encouragement, however, Russia failed to come into the alliance, the rumor being that her attitude was due to the influence of Gortschakoff. then Prime Minister, who wanted Russia's future Independent of Germany. Triple Alliance Reviewed. Bismarck at once turned to Austria. The Triple Alliance was originally a dual alliance, the contracting parties being- Germany and Austria. The treaty between these powers was signed in 1879, and five years later Italy became a third partner. The text of the agreement as be tween Germany and Austria remained a secret until 1888, when the German gov ernment, with the consent of Austria, published it as a warning to Russia. Briefly stated, the treaty provided that if one of the two empires Ger many and Austria was attacked by Russia the contracting parties were bound to assist one another with the whole military power of their empires. Should one of the allies be attacked by another power the other ally was not to intervene, but to preserve an attitude of friendly neutrality. If, however, the aggressor should be as sisted by Russia in any shape or form, the two allies at once would make common cause. The terms of the treaties between Austria and Italy, and between Italy and Germany, have never been made public, but the general drift of them is well known. If France should attack Germany or Italy the two latter pow ers are pledged to act against her; If Russia attacks either Germany or Aus tria, both are to make war upon Rus sia; and If Russia and France together attack any one of the three allies they have to face the combined armies of all the three. ' Bismarck and 11 insula Friendly. Having thus placed effective bar riers In the way of Russian aggres sion, Bismarck, however, made consid erable efforts to placate Russia. With this object an agreement was con tracted In 1884 between the Emperors of Germany. Russia and Austria, and about the same time Bismarck thought it well to conclude a reinsurance treaty with Russia, stipulating for neutrality in case either power was attacked by a third. But the rivalry between Austria and Russia In the Balkans prevented any permanent accord between these two powers, and Germany was forced to de cide whether the Austrian or the Rus sian alliance was the more valuable. She decided to favor Austria. Even in the same year that the terms were published Bismarck again endeavored to "reinsure" Russia, and with this policy he coquetted until his fall. The French expedition to Tunis in 1881 and the subsequent occupation of that country by France brought about, for a time, the complete alienation of Italy from France, and this led, in 1882, to the accession of Italy to the Austro German League. The Triple Alliance was renewed successively in 1887, 1892, 1902, and again in 1912, for a further period of 12 years, and without any alteration. Germany and A nutria Work as One. , Germany and Austria have almost in variably acted as one power. Germany found In Austria a "splendid second" during the Morocco crisis of 1905-6, while Austria found German support against Russia Invaluable at the time of the Bosnian coup in 1908. During the last few years, owing to the forward policy of her ally, Germany has had a degree of responsibility rather dispro portionate to any advantage she has gained from the alliance apart from its general usefulness in maintaining her position in Europe. Italy has generally supported her allies efficiently, al though she has views in many ways inconsistent with Austria's, and during the Algeciras conference she showed herself more sympathetic to France than to either of the Germanic powers. It should be carefully noted that the alliance is ostensibly defensive; and that the obligations of the signatories refer to "attack" on the part of an other power. The 'Triple Entente" Explained. The Dual Alliance between France and Russia is supposed to have been sketched in 1895, but it was not made public till August, 1897. The agreement has more than once been modified, but its terms specify that France shall be entitled to the support of Russia in a Franco-German war. provided that France Is not the aggressor. This proviso is so worded as to leave some doubt under what circumstances support might be ex tended or withheld. The Triple Entente is an extension of the Entente Cordlale, brought about between Great Britain and France in 1904. At this time France agreed to leave England with a free hand in Egypt, while England made a similar engagement to France regarding Morocco. The position of Great Britain in the event of a European conflagra tion was clearly stated by Mr. Asquith in the House of Commons on March 24, 1914. In reply to questions as to how far Great Britain was bound by treaty obligations. Mr. Asquith said: "If war arises between European powers there are no unpublished agreements which will restrict or hamper the freedom of the Government or of Parliament to decide whether or not Great Britain should participate In a war." I VjT ' Q , i j J J '- . - y . MiUt i k I- f I f - 1 fifty JidvJ -M i - , - A m KAISER WILLIAM CLEAR CABLE ASKED Strictures on Wireless Not Ap plicable to Wires. BAR ON RADIO NATURAL England, Russia and Franco Inti mate That Stringent Censorship Over Cables Is Not Needed, Owing to Usual Delay. WASHINGTON. Aug. 16. England, Russia and France have intimated to the United States, It was understood to day, that they do not regard the recent annHration of censorship to the wire less stations as necessarily requiring similar restriction on caDie messages. The Russian Ambassador, George Bakmetcff, came from Newport. R. L, especially for a conference with Secre tary Bryan today and returned immedi ately afterward to the Summer Em bassy. It was believed he discussed the proposed censorship of cables. Colville Barclay, the British charge arfairH vhn wan at the State De partment later, said that the censoring or wireless messages wan a. prohibition required under general principles of international law, for by sending messages direct from American shores to belligerent ships, neutral territory would be used as a basis for hostile operations. Cable Delay Is Factor. Mr. Barclay held that the Tuckerton, N. J., station should not be allowed to nnerate at all. as it was established since the war began. "Cables are different from wireless," he said. "It takes several hours to communicate the movements 01 a snip, for instance, by cable to the home gov- Than thA mpiiaiiM must be relayed by wireless back across the ocean, all of wni.cn taxes more uma The actual order Is given on the ter ritory of a belligerent to Its vessels. Also any belligerent can cut the cables of any other country with which It Is at war, but you cannot prevent a wire less station on neutral soil from op erating, and the only protection a bel ligerent has against this Is the strict observation of neutrality by the neu tral country. Decision Expected Monday. If a censorship were established at cable offices, it might seriously inter fere with the sending of code messages to the various European governments from their Embassies and Consulates, as code messages probably would be prohibited. It is believed that the Russian Ambassador discussed this phase of the subject of today, but he declined to reveal the object of his mission. Final decision on the wireless-cable controversy is not expected before Monday. It had been the Intention of the Washington Government to censor cables as well as wireless. Local com mercial companies have questioned the legality of such an act and Attorney General McReynolds has been asked for an opinion. NARCOTIC BILL IS PASSED Exception of "Soothlne; Syrnpe" De nounced by Senator Lane. WASHINGTON. Aug. 15. Stringent regulation of use of opium and its de AND STAFF DIRECTING MOVEMENTS OP TROOPS. rivatives in this country is provided in a House bill, passed today by the Sen ate and designed to supplement state legislation. It . provides Federal registration of producers, dealers or dispensers of opium or cocoa leaves or derivatlvee and makes It unlawful for any unreg istered person to have opium In his possession. The bill does not apply to prepara tions containing two grams of opium to the . ounce. Senator Lane declared the exception meant the death annually of 10,000 babies by the use or sootn lnsr svruns." . It does not apply to prescriptions of opium by physicians. YOUNG CORPORAL IS HERO War Tale of Heroism Told of Bel- gian's Bravery at Siege of Uege. CARDIFF, Wales, Aug. 16. A letter received here from a private In the Belgian army who took part in the fighting at Liege, describes how a young corporal named Lupin shot the officers and gunners of a German bat--tery and then was killed by a German shell. The letter says the Germans, having failed In a frontal attack, were bring ing up artillery when Lupin, exclaim ing, "Leave them to me," dashed out. Taking cover behind a wall to the Germans' left, he met the German bat tery. He shot down In quick succes sion the chief officer, . then the under officers and finally the gunners. Confusion ensued among the Ger mans, who directed their last gun at the wall, bringing it down and crush ing Lupin to death. CLACKAMAS COUNTY NATIVE SON LAID TO REST. . James Swafford. OREGON CITY, Or.. Aug. 16. (Special.) The funeral of James Swafford, ex-County Treasurer, who died at Seaside Monday, was held In the First Methodist Church Thursday afternoon. Rev. T. B. Ford had charge of the services. Mr. Swafford was born in Clackamas County 60 years ago last November. ; For years he lived on his large farm at Maple Lane, but several years ago moved lno town. He served sev eral terms as County Treasurer, and since that time, up to about six months ago, had been en gaged in the real estate busi ness. He is survived by three children, George, Nellie and Har old A.; his wife and one brother, Elliott Swafford, of 6alem. ! BANKS WILL HELP Effort to Remove Discount Limitations Is On. SPEEDY ACTION IS URGED Measure Would Permit Dealing in Six Months' Acceptances and May Be Put Through Under Suspension of Rules. WASHINGTON. , Aug. 15. An effort to remove limitations Imposed by the Federal reserve act on redlscountlng by banks of acceptance based 'on im port and export business was delayed In the House today by Representative Wingo, of Arkansas. Chairman Glass, of the House banking and currency committee, said the bill was necessary "to facilitate the financing of the ex port crop of cotton and grain." It Is probable It will be put through early next week. Representative Wlngo objected to the consideration of the measure, de claring It should be considered by the banking and currency committee. Limit Would Be Removed. Under the Federal reserve act mem ber banks may rediscount with the Federal reserve banks acceptances based on the exportation and impor tation of goods having less than three months to run, provided the amount of such rediscounts shall at no time exceed one-half of the capital and sur plus of the discounting bank. Member banks may discount for their customers similar acceptances running up to six months sight, to the amount of one half their capital and surplus. The Glass bill would allow reserve banks to rediscount six months' ac ceptances. With the disturbance caused by the European war," said Mr. Glass, "it is desired by the Federal Reserve Board to facilitate in every way possible the exportation of cotton and grain. The organization committee of the new reserve system discovered that there have grown up several banks which make a specialty of financing the export trade which finds it necessary to handle acceptances beyond the lim itations of the reserve act as passed." Rules May Be Suspended. Chairman Glass said he understood the new Federal reserve system would be in operation In about 90 days, al though reserve banks in New York, Chicago and St. Louis probably would be organized immediately. An effort will be made to secure a meeting of the banking and currency committee for the consideration of the bill, although the chairman has been unable to obtain the attendance of enough members to do business for some weeks. If this fails the bill may be . passed under suspension of the rules. BANK NOTE USE OPPOSED Paper in Lien of Gold for Reserve Attacked by Representative. WASHINGTON, Aug. 15 Chairman Carter Glass, of the House banking and currency committee, issued a state ment today attacking the suggestion that the use of bank notes instead of gold for bank reserves be authorized. "It seems to me," said his statement. $18.00 $20.00 $22.50 $25.00 $27.50 $30.00 Suits for Suits for Suits for Suits for Suits for Suits for Young men with economy in their make-up, who value style and good appearance as essentials of success, will profit by this off er an offer open and genuine, that meets "you gladly half way. BEN SELLING LEADING CLOTHIER Morrison Street at Fourth "that this is 'fiatlsm' run mad. Fur thermore, it suggests that we should temporarily repudiate our gold obliga tions at home, to help certain banks meet their gold obligations abroad: and I for one don't think the suggestion should be entertained for a moment, nor do I believe It will be." NEW PASTOR FOR EUGENE Rv. Louis S. Cupp, of Kansas City, Called by Christian Church. EUGENE, Or., Aug. 15. (Special.) The Rev. Louis S. Cupp, for five years pastor of the Christoan Church in Kan sas City, Mo., and for five years chan cellor of the Christian University at Canton, Mo has accepted the call to be pastor of the Eugene Christian Church to succeed the J. S. McCallum, pastor of the church for 12 years, whose resignation will take effect August -31. The church is the largest Christian Church in the Pacific North west, with more than 1000 active mem bers. , - Rev. Cupp, with his wife and four children, are expected in Eugene be fore September 15. Rev. McCallum will deliver his last serman next Sunday. REPORT OF DEATH IS TRUE Brussels Dispatch Confirms Passing of General von Emniicli. . LONDON, Aug. 15, 3:30 P. M. A dis patch from Brussels to the Exchange Telegraph Company says the death of General von Emmlch, the German com mander at Liege, is confirmed. He Is to be succeeded by General von der Marwitz. General Otto von Emmlch was 66 years old. He joined the army as a volunteer in 1S66 and was promoted two years later to a lieutenancy. He took part in the Franco-Prussian war in 1870-71. Afterward he was promoted through all the grades until he became Major-General in 1901. When he was appointed to the command of the Tenth Army Corps he was made a General. FAIR BUILDINGS BURNED Damage at La Grande to Be Ke palred in Time for Season's Show. LA GRANDE, Or., Aug. 15. (Special.) One hundred feet of stables and a long stretch of the fence at the fair grounds east of the city were destroyed by fire this morning. Harness, blankets, sulkey covers and personal property of some of the trainers stationed at the grounds were included in the loss. Managers of the fair association an nounce that the damage will be re paired at once so that everything will be in readiness and in first-class con dition for the fair, which is to be held September 22, 23 and 24. Colorado has dozens of mountains with out names. Try them today. Order a box f nr- fKr--. In nil sizes, shapes and prices. $ 9.00 $10.00 $11.25 $12.50 $13.75 $15.00 TREATIES FUTILE, Colonel Declares . Prevailing Old World War Proves Pacts Are Worthless. UNITED STATES IS WARNED Ex-President In Speech Before Pro gressives Cautions Senate That Agreements Pending No Good. Monroe Doctrine Lauded. HARTFORD," Conn., Aug. 15. -Nearly half the political speach Colonel Roose velt delivered tonight before the Pro gressive state convention was devoted to a discussion of "the great cataclysm which has engulfed all Europe In war." If the Monroe Doctrine had not been steadfastly maintained, he said, "the United States in all probability would have been drawn into the present struggle. Africa Already Involved. "Africa, south of the Equator," he said, "is now being drawn into the fight, although without any lntereM in itl We would have been drawn In In the same way if it had not been for the observance of the great principle which the Monroe Doctrine contains, the principle that this continent shall not be treated as a place for territorial aggrandizement by Old World powers. "The peace of the Western hemi sphere largely depends on the preserva tion of this doctrine. It is for this reason I feel that the arbitration trea ties now pending In the Senate would, if adopted, be inimical to the Interests of the United States and of peace, in sofar as they would have any effect whatever. I doubt If they would have much effect because in the event of their attempted execution against the interests of this people I do not be lieve they would be executed. But surely it is not an honorable thing for this Nation to enter into treaties which either could not or ought not to be kept. Such action argues badly for our sincerity and good faith. Treaties Reqnlre Enforcement. "Under the treaties, if as a result of this war. Denmark or Holland should part with their islands in t!ie West Indies to some great old-world power, or if at some future time Mexico should similarly part with Magiialena Bay to some old-world power we would SAYS ROOSEVELT e and em AT WASH. 4 be solemnly "bound to Join the creation of a commission which would lnveMI gate all the matters at hand before we could take any action and this com mission would Include representative of oiitBhle powers. "Within a fortnight we have h freeh proof of the utter worthlessness of treaties, of names signed to pieces of paper, unless backed by force. If power or interest demands this violation. This fact has been demonstrated again slid again within the last dozen years by almost every one of the great nations who are now engaged In this wsr, or who stand with their armies partially mobilized and their fleets gathered be cause of the possibility of being drawn into It. Nation Bound to Walt. "These proposed arbitration trestle of ours would not be worth the paper on which they were written If It be came to the Interest of any great mil itary power to violate them, and if it thought It could violate them with Im punity. "We would have bound ourselves In such cases as I have llluKtrated to wait a year os so while a Joint commission pursued its weary course of Investiga tion and during that time old-world military power. If it desired to retain Its new possessions, could make a Gibraltar of one of our West Indian Islands, or of Magdalena Bay or any other point of territory which it ac quired, and could then defy us to turn it out save at the cost of war. which might be as dreadful as any now rag ing." GALL FOR NURSES MADE RED CROSS Al'PEAL OIT FOR EVRO TEAV BXPEDITIOV. Two States and 11 Cities Asked to Sup ply BnttlrMrld Attendant to Go on Chartered Ship. WASHINGTON. Aug. 15. The first call for ensiled Red Cross nurses for the European expodltlon has been sent to the lied .Cross nursing committees in New York. Brooklyn. Boston. Phila delphia, Baltimore, ChlCHgo, Cincinnati. Cleveland, Rochester. Albany, Buffalo and the states of Conectlcut and Now Jersey. Nursing divisions of the hospital units to be sent over In the chartered ship will come from those cities and states. The New York relief commltee today appealed for $10,000 of the amount ap propriated for Americans In Europe to cover Chinese checks of destitute Americans arriving In New York. The National Relief Board here, which has charge of the money appro priated by Congress, is considering the request. Th Brltlnh nl:ifull Organisation Is ir ronnlnn n exhibit In the aclincs section of the foi thromlnn AnRlo-Amrlran KxpoaJ tlnn, one fpature of hieli will be a collec tion of rain kmuro of th" ISU .r,0(1 ana mrllor. w Moh will he p1m-1 M hv M sck.m: at last Trrsn.trs iwtamy C Ll it ric.vic. The above Is a rough sketch, made from actual life and showing 00 of Portland's KotarUns in the cigar-smoking contest out In the open air. The object was to see who could retain his ash the longest. The famous VEGA DEL REY cigar was used. The fact that EVERY smoker retlne4 his ash down to a stump of an Inch and a half or less, with the winning stump being only 8-16 of an inch in length, with all the ash intact, is evidence of the splen did uniformity of tobacco in these prime favorite clga-s. i