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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (April 21, 1912)
7 if TPWc poctr mntr f lie mows them dominated by a feeling tfWI'Jm'll lrTf of womanly love. . '.M W Wm nW . An s.PPk. tt. T(h mu..- villi 1 1 III It'll III 1 y TJ Among all the other Greek poeta , WWW V, 6rtS I III 1 1 till III I I . v who dedicated their genius to singing V "-rJv35Wy ' if v t?E3 about love, none was so successful as W 5i J& &Z&,yjt ' (I VsSs Sappho. This woman wrote such won- WW l TJiL S'&i --a vJJ2ii' I derful love poems that she was called l I (11 5 Jyy L S the "tenth muse." Music and poetry H' kSr32 J y jCsfrs III I JY v nd ne art 01 lovo wer tauB"nt by her j C A -0XV I C5yr 5V to tn young members of her sister- II H y j- I s A" 3 T r. hood- It Is said that the old law-giver, B 3 v ax N. Zf if "i, l-f' ' VX ,!1kV Solon, on hearing one of her poems re- - jl I'.- I 17a ' l-Ov MaJ cited, prayed that he would not die ' fc M I Vk I O fi!r?OV until he had learned It by heart. She Jfr& l i fflLH.M rf. wrote more than 100 beautiful love JJ I f i iV. I 1 '! I, . ,.'WSSl III II. f e.A 1 sonnets, tnougn oniy on remains cuiu- VMir LOVE is God's spoken word to all his children; It Is th golden chain be tween this world and eternity: It Is the bond of fellowship, the forca of force, greater than light, rain, son shin and gravity. It la mora precious than the treasures of the earth and the sea, also mora beautiful. It la aa brilliant as the myriads of stars In the firmament, for It Illumines the hearts of millions of men and women Just as the stars Illumine the firmament. It la because I prize purs lov mora than all of God's other gifts that I want you girls to prize It and try to understand the full and proper mean ing of love. It cannot ba understood In a day, a week, or a year, because It Is worth while; you may ba deceived at times as to what lova Is and mistake Infatuation, flattery, and other things equally less worth while. But If you are willing to bave ratlene and listen to the ad rice of others who have had more experience than yourself lov will some day be yours. It Is because lova Is the greatest gift In th world that the greatest poets and artists of ail tlmea have dedicated their genius to Its aonga and epics. Of ail th heaven-bestowed privileges of the poet, the highest, the dearest, th most aovlsbl Is the power of Im mortalising the object of his lov. of dividing with her his amaranthine wreath of glory and repaying th In spiration caught from her eyea with a crown of everlasting fame. Beaaty laaseertallsed la Terea. It la not enough that In his Imagina tion ha bas deified her; that ha has con secrated his faculties to her honor; that ba has burned hta heart in Incense upoa u altar of her perfection; th divinity ' thus decked out ta licaest and loveliest hues he places on high and cails upoa all ages and nauons ta bow down be fore her. and all gea and nations obey, worshipping th beauty thus enshrined In Imperishable verse, when others, per- HOW REVOLUTIONS ARE MADE TO ORDER arms wer cautiously shipped Into Mex ico by Gustavo Madero and turned ever to the revolutionary sympathisers. Orsdually, also, the right sort of pub lic opinion was being developed In th United States. The masses In this country lent - their moral influence to Madero and this prevented any antagonistic action on th part of Con gress or of the State Department. Th neutrality laws provide that no friendly nation shall allow an armed expedition to be fitted out upon its soli nor any vessel intending to commit hostilities to leave Its ports. International law, which is a more Indefinite code, also hoi. Is that no nation shall permit it ports to be used aa a base for th ship ment of arms Into a friendly country for hostile use. The tribunal of Geneva upheld this principle when th United States complained of th assistance that Ureal Britain bad given the Confeder acy. Popular opinion might easily bave enforced this law and thus mad th success of Madero'a revolution Impos sible. As a matter of fact this principle of international law which might bave been enforced against Madere Is now being called Into present-day Mexican insurrectos. v Congress has passed resolution calling upon the President to apply this principle of law to pre vent arms being shipped from the Uni ted States Into Mexico. Thus th in baps as fair and not less worthy, have gone down unsung to dust and endless darkness. It In return for being made Illustri ous she made her lover happy. If for glory she gave a heart, was It not a rich equivalent? And If not if tha lover waa still unsuccessful, still tha poet had his reward. Whence came the generous feelings, the high Imagina tions, the glorious fancies, the heaven ward Inspirations which raised him above the great masses of men? Through her the world opened upon him with a divine beauty and all na ture becam In his sight but a trans cript of the charms of his mistress. Ma saw her eyes In the stars of heavens, her lips In tha half-blown rose. The perfume of th opening flowers waa but her breath that "wafted sweetness round the world"; the Illy was a "sweet thief" that had stolen purity from her breast; the violet wss dipped In the asur of her veins; the aurorean dew, "dropt from the opening eyelids of the morn." wer not so pure as her tears;, th last ro tint of the dying day waa not so bright or so delicate as her cheek. Hers was tha freshness and tha bloom of Spring; she consumed him to languor as the Summer sun; she waa kind as tha bounteous Autumn or she fros him with ber wintry disdain. Lv tkV Great laapiratWa. As Shakespeare says In one of his loveliest sonnets: Far what of thee thy peet aota invent. He ret thae of and pass It thee ltt. He leads thee vu-tne and be stole thai werd rrem thv behavior: baauty doth he fie. Bat round It la thy eneok; he es afford Hm praise te the hut whet la thee doth lira: Thea thank him ast for that wbleh he aoth Mr. Bine what aa eves thee, thea tkysetf dost pay. A poet cannot really sing hymns of love and pralae unless there Is real lova and thanksgiving In his heart. In th aama way ne woman haa ever been 1 truly. lasUngly deified la poetry but In the spirit of truth and lov. One of th most beautiful word pic tures ever painted of a modest, sweet young girl Juet growing Into woman hood la given in Homera "Odyssey." t'lysses has Just been thrown ashore by CONTINUED FROM PACE ft surrectos are finding themaelves with out ammunition, the lack of which ren ders at not Improbable that their activi ties will be smotbsred and the Madero government saved. Th United States ts guarding Its frontier very strictly in Its attempt to keep ammunition from going Into Mexico. Th Insurrectos. who are mostly In th northern part of that country, reoelv their supplies almost entirely from the United States. To maintain such an Insurrection as they are now carrying on Is very dif ficult. ven under th most favorable circumstances, and will probably prv Impossible with th munitions of war thus mad so difficult to obtain. Those who watch these developments from tha standpoint of Washington appreciate the fact that this Congressional reso lution originated In the office of Ma dero'a American attorneys and that. If this Insurrection Is smothered, th re sponsibility for It lies with th revolu tion Jugglers In the Hlbbs building. Deeble-Creswlag Zelaya, Another of the most recent revolu tions In Latin-America was that la Nicaragua, which resulted In driving out th tyrant, Zelaya, and placing Juan Estrada In his place. Th Zelaya administration had long 1 een notorloua for Its grafting and for th manner In which public fund wer used to en rich the President. At the time the revolution was precipitated Zelaya bad TITE SUNDAY Ms wrecked ship, and at his sight all the maidens except Nauslcaa are afraid All bat Nanalcaa flad, bat she at atooO. Pallaa haa put a boldneaa Id har braaat. And la har fair limbs lander fear compraat. And atlll abs stood him, as raaolved to know What man he was or out et what should rrow His stranse repair ts thorn There are few picture In literature as beautiful aa the farewell between Hector and Andromache when the great warrior leaves his wlf and young son for tha battle field. - Patliotlaaa la tflgheat Foraa. Her husband. Hector, and her son, Astyanax. are all this young woman haa to love, and still she la glad to give ber husband for tha defense of ber country. Throughout tha whole scene wa sea the dependence of tha woman, her splendid love and ber wil llrgness to sacrifice It for a cauas greater and nobler than herself and her boy. Wa almost hear the words that pass through her mind: "Sava thy. self. too. because I love thee." Further on, in the twenty-second book of the "Iliad." wa see Androm ache, yet ignorant of the fat that haa befallen ber, for she Is trying to dis tract hsrself by weaving a veil "strewn curiously with varied flowers." while her maidens are busy preparing tha bath for Hector on bis return from battle. She bears a clamoroua uproar and loud cries from her maidens. Then she eees her husband being dragged by tha horses of Achilles toward the r-.-.-u .kir fiha falls back In a faint. and when she recovers she pours out ber sorrow la tna moat sincere uea pair. A much different pleture of love is glvsn of Helen In tha "Iliad." Her beauty and wiles led to a long and hard-fought war. Even when Troy falls ha does not make Helen appear as an utterly, corrupt and degraded woman. Rather, he shows her as a blameless ncilm of the power of Aphrodite, and her love for Paris Is a fata aent by the goddess. When sha realises what iha bas dona L. nwM..m with vrl.f knil M. proachea herself In tha harshest terms. Homer haa immortaiizea toe wne. me mother, the young girl, and In all these arranged a loan of 11.250,000 with London bankers. Had hs got this money th opposition would not hav been able successfully te fight him. He did not get It. however, because, through Hopkins 4 Hopkins, all man ner of stumbling-blocks wer placed In ' the way. Though th contract bad actually been signed, so many wer the objection raised that the money was never finally delivered until Zelaya had been deposed and then It went Into th hands of th new government where. It Is to ba hopsd. It waa applied mora to the benefit of th publlo than otherwise would hav been the case. The story of Zelaya's overthrow is a typical drama of Central American politics. Juan Estrada was In com mand of the military forces at Blue fields and up and down th entire east coast of Nicaragua. Salvador Castrlllo was the Insurrectionary diplomatic agent In conjunction with whom Hop kins Hopkins worked. This combi nation had a vsry difficult game to play. It not only had to outwit Gen eral Zelaya in getting sufficient sup plies Into Nicaragua to make an Insur rection successful, but It had also to fight th Influeno of President Diaz, of Mexico, who was in, sympathy with Zelaya and sought to maintain hjm In th Presidency. Even after Estrada had executed hla military coup by which he had practically overthrown Zelaya, Dlas and the Clentlflco crowd in Mex OREGOXTAX, TOTITLANT), he mows them dominated by a feeling of womanly lova. Sappho the Teeth Muse." Among all the other Greek poeta who dedicated their genius to singing about love, none was so successful as Sappho. This woman wrote such won derful love poems that sha was called the "tenth muse." Music and poetry and the art of love were taught by her to the young members of her sister hood. It Is said that the old law-giver, Solon, on hearing one of her poems ra clted, prayed that he would not die until he had learned It by heart. She wrote more than 100 beautiful love sonnets, though only one remains com plete. In this she describes the tor tures she is suffering from some unre quited love and bets Venus to soothe her aching heart: Vanua. bright goddess of the skies. To whom unnumher'd temples rise. Jova'a daughter fair, wboaa wily arts fjelude fond lovers of their hearts; Ol LJaten ffracloua to my prayer. And free my mind from anxious care. Once more, O, Venus, hear my prayer, And ease my mind of anxious cars; Acaln vouchsafe to ba my fuest, And calm this tempest In my breast, To thee, brlsht Qnften, my vows aspire. - O, (rant me all my heart's desire. These are only two stanzas of a beau tiful and touching poem supposed to have been spoken by a young Mytlle nean named Phaon. to whom the great poetess had lost her heart. Poetess Kills Self for leve. Legend says ha did not respond to this feeling of love and that she was so heartbroken by his Indifference that she threw herself from the Leucadian promontory Into the sea. She had two pupils who also dedicated their genius to the goddess of love Venus. The ona was Erlnna, who wrote a long, beauti ful poem called "The Spindle That Has Been Lost." But none of her pupils, either men or women, of whom she had many, ever reached her height. She sang in the childhood of the world, when people felt more than they thought, when love was a sensation, a Joy, a passion, not a sentiment. If sha did not spiritualize her theme, she purified it of the coarseness which made the love songs of men before her unfit for a delicate ear. Sha took love from the exclusive domain of tha senses and gave it a soul. Long before love poems were written they were sung by people of all coun tries, and nowhere were they sung with more enthusiasm than among the early troubadours of France. Th amatory poetry of Provence had the same source with the national poetry of Spain, both being derived from Arabia. Most of the original folk poems have been lost and only their spirit survives, but enough has been left to show how ro mantic they were. Sometimes these singers wer bards and minstrels, who wandered from town to town. Again they were Princes and even Kings. Among th most famous of these singers were William, Count of Poltou; Richard I. two kings of Arragon, and the dauphin of Auvergne. Though they sang of many fair women, they were most devoted to Blanche of Cas tile, th mother of Louis IX. Thlbault, one of their number, wrote one of the finest and most romantic aonga about her. Princesses and ladles of rank entered ico were strong enough to place Madrlx, a friend of Zelaya, in the Presidency. To counteract this Clentlflco Influence in Central America there stood only Den Manual Estrada Cabrera, President of Guatemala. Cabrera and Dlas had long been enemies. Cabrera has long been tha friend of th United States. There was always a suspicion that through Cabrera munitions of war poured Into Blueflelds at this critical time. For many years Cabrera had been an Intimate personal friend of the Hopklnses. Th fact that' his adminis tration is th only one in Central Amer ica that has remained steadfast .and peaceful through the last dosen years Is ascribed to the guidance of his Amer ican frlenda and advisers. To these at torneys waa due the blocking ot the Zelaya loan, the failure of which, to gether with the moral support of the United States and the aid of Cabrera, meant tha downfall of the Zelaya dic tatorship. A Soldier of Fortune. The facts In connection with th up rising a year ago in Honduras are not dissimilar. In this case there Is an added interest In having ths most emi nent American financier, J. P. Morgan, and the most interesting American sol dier of fortune. General Lee Christmas, as prominent figures in a revolutionary embrogllo. Morgan & Co. had agreed to advance President Miguel Davlla $10,000 with which to pay off the ac cumulated Indebtedness of Honduras and the United States has practically agreed to guarantee the loan by ar ranging for the administration of the custom-houses of that benighted coun try. Morgan was to make a handsome I APRIL" 31. 1913 this list of poets and often vanquished the troubadours of the other sex. They were rewarded by their husbands or their lovers with rich dresses, horses, armor and gold. Among the most famous of the women songsters was the Countess of Champagne, who pre sided at on of the courts of love. Then there was Beatrice, Countess of Prov ence; Clara d'Anduse, one of whose songs Is translated by Slsmondl; and one of the most successful was the Countess ce Die. Rudel was ono of tha most popular minstrels, and he wrote many songs to her, one of tha most popular being the following: Grieved and troubled shaU I die. It 1 meet my love afar; Alas! 1 know not that I e'er Ehal! see her. for sha dwells afar. O God. that didst all things create. And formed my aweet love, now afar: Strengthen my heart that I may hope To behold her face, who Is afar. 0 Lord, besleve how very true Is my love for her; alas, afar; Tho' for each joy a thousand pains 1 bear, because, I sm so far. Another love I'll never have. Save only sha who Is afar. For fairer one 1 never knew In placea near, nor yet afar. Bertrand of the Fierce Mien. Another famous singer was Bertrand da Born, who was as wild and ferocious as Rudel was mild and gentle. He first celebrated Elinor Plantagenet. who was the sister of Richard the Lion Hearte The princess waa greatly flattered by his words of praise. He continued to mke her his theme until she married the Duke of Saxony, and then he chose the beautiful Waens de Montagnac, daughter of the Viscount of Turenne and wife of Talleyrand de Perlgord, as his next ideal. He eang of her with sc much fire and seal that soon gossip began to wag its tongue. Later King Henry had this poet besieged in his castle, he was taken a prisoner, and ould hav bejn executed when he reminded the klcg of his former friendship for his son. This moved the king, who spared hla life and gave him back his castle. Another of the most romantic of these singers was Pierre Vldal, whose brain was turned with lov and vanity. He believed Umself to be ths mirror of knighthood and the prince of th troubadours. He had great talent and his songs were not surpassed by any of tha singers of his day. He sang about many of the most beautlfnl wo men of court, and when he naa ex hausted these themes he followed Rich ard the First on a crusade and devoted his talent to this cause. Later these singers wre not welcome at court, so they deteriorated into wandering mlnBtrels snd Jugglers. profit by taking up the old loans of Guatemala and by realising from th intervention of the United States in collecting the customs of Honduras, an act which would raise th value of that country's bonds from 85 per cent to 100. Besides these there were other profitable features to the schema. In the meantime Generals Manuel Bonllla and Lee Christmas were busily at work In New Orleans fitting out an expedition In the name of tho former, who aspired to the Presidency. Below Canal street in New Orleans the city Is as Latin as Paris or Rome. Here dwell the dissatisfied exiles from all the na tions of Latin-America. The unsuccess ful Latin-American revolutionist, com pelled to flee his own country, takes up his abode below Canal street In New Orleans. Knock on almost any door In that section and It will be opened but an inch and a countersign will be re quired before you can gain admission. Here more plots are hatched and more revolutionary expeditions developed than anywhere else In America. These are rarely successful except where the venture Is of sufficient Importance and the adventurers are sufficiently wise to make a Washington connection by acquiring tha services of those most scientific gulders of revolutions, Hop kins & Hopkins. - Bonllla eventually succeeded In get ting bis expedition to Honduras and, after winning a series of brilliantly fought battles, placed Bertrand, Man uel Bonilla's candidate. In the Presi dency. Since then Bonllla has been legally elected and Inaugurated aa President. (Copyright, 1913. by W. A. Du Puy.) The same lova songs were being composed in Germany by the minnes ingers, who wandered from place to place and court to court singing their songs. One of the loveliest Is at tributed to the talented minnesinger Der Von Kurenberg. Modernised It runs: So the star of evening bides Its biishtness now. a Fair lady. If. thou see me. evaa so do thou. Then upoa some other man let they glances And how It stands between us there's aever any man shall know. Hlldbuld Writes Many Sonnets. One of the most popular and roman tic of thes singers was HUdbold von Schwangau. A few of his many love poems dedicated to women's beauty and charms remain. These are tha last lines May I yet live bar craclousness to see. Tie stranse I never felt so sorely triad When I on four belike my service set. Nov I lova only ona and none beside. And for that one my grief Is greater yet Than a'ar because of love It was of yore. All that was sport and pastime, nothing more. Now I know love; I knew It not before. The best-known of all these singers was Walthern von der Vogelwelde, who lived in the 13th century and spent many years at court dedicating his tal ent to love and fair women. Finally be tired of bis minstrel lays and went off with his King on a crusade. Before leaving he wrote this love song: In this short life of ours, falsa cola Is often struck in Love's design. Yet if a man knows what Its real stamp Is. I pledge my word upon the truth of this. That rudeness shall assail him ne'er. If he will take It for hla guide. Love Is to Heaven so near allied. -That I Implore Its guidance there Then there grew up many beautiful songs that were sung for many centu ries before they were written. The most wonderful of these are "The Ring," which includes the Rbelngold, Slgfrled, Tannhauser, and the Dusk of ths Gods. One of the most beautiful In tha original is Tannbauser's lov song. Leve Poeta of the Italians, The Italians were by no means lag ging behind In composing and singing songs of love; tbey had their minstrels and their troubadours. But these soon gave way to their great lova poets and among this number wer Dante, Pe trarch and Calvacantl. There have been few poets who hav oyer sung a song of impassioned praise so romantically as did Petrarch, to his sweetheart Laura. Ha describes ber la the following words: And whether coldness, pride, or virtus dignify A woman, so she Is good, what does It signify. In his sonnets he says that she was WOMEN ARE CONTINUED officers, also chosen annually. - In each of the other nine monasteries an exec utive committee of three members Is yearly selected by the oldest and lead ing monks. For important questions the whole body of each community Is assembled, but the committee of three carry all decisions into effect. The regime and rules of the mon asteries are very severe. Meat is ab solutely forbidden. Fish, cheese' and eggs are permitted. Each year has four long fasts, comprising together 154 days, not counting the Wednesdays and Saturdays of the non-fasting weeks. During these fasts only one meal of salads, olives and bread Is allowed dally at noon. The repast are brief and without conversation. One of the brethren, seated in the middle of the refectory, reads from a pious book. Great hospitality exists throughout the peninsula and travelers are cordially welcomed. Beds are unknown in the majority of the convents, but it is easy to sleep comfortably on the wooden divans covered with Oriental carpets and cushions. Women Barred Absolutely. For 1400 years no woman has slept upon the Sacred Mountain. This pro scription is rigidly absolute; even the in person a fa It Madonna-Ilk beauty, with soft, dark eyes and a profusion 01 pale, golden hair, parted on her brow and failing In rich curls over her neck. In his different poems he describes each feature, sucn as tno ceiesuaj r her figure and her movements, th beauty of her band, ana tne loveune of ber mouth. He notices even the varying expres sion of her loveliness, such as the light ing of her smile, the tender maglo of her voice which was felt In the inmost heart. He says that she had a habit of veiling her eyes with her hand, and her looks were generally bent on the earth. In another sonnet he sings, "I bless the place, the time, the hour when I presumed to lift my eyes upon her. I say. O my soul, thankful shouldst thou be that hadst been deemed worthy ot such high honor, for from her spring those gentle thoughts which shall lead thee to aspire to the highest good and to disdain all that th vulgar mind de sires." Petrarch a Constant Lever. Who was this Laura to whom thia great genius had dedicated his talent and life? He tells us In one of his sonnets that he first met her in the Church of St. Claire. She was hab bitod In a robe of green, spotted with violets. Mention Is also made of a coronal of silver with which she wreathed her hair, of her necklace and ornaments of pearl. Her father was a noDle of Avignon, Audlbert de Noyes. He waa proud of his daughter's charms and beauty and he had her married when sh was 18. But it was Petraroh who was her real lover and spent hi genius singing of it. Since I spoke to you about Dante's magnificent and high love for Beatrice In another story I must pass by their romance in this and the beautiful words of praise Dante speaks for her In his Divine Comedy and his Vita Nuova. But I do want to quote one of his love songs because there are few so beauti ful in all literature. "Ascended Is our Beatrice to the highest heaven, to those realms where angels dwell, and you her fair com panions and love and me, she has left, alas! behind. It was not the frOBt of Winter that chilled her, nor was it the heat of Summer that with ered her; it was the power of her vir tue, her humility, and her truth that ascending ' into heaven moved the eternal father to call her to himself, seeing that this miserable life waa not worthy of anything so fair, s ex cellent." Cavalcantl Friend of Dante. Another great poet of this time waa Guldo Cavalcantl, a friend of Dante, who amused himself writing about tha love affair between Dante and Beatrice. He was of noble birth, but allied him self with the liberal party In Italy. He had a number of romances of hla own and wrote charming love poems to his ladles real and the creation of his own brain. I quote a few stanzas from one of his most beautful poems: Dear God. what seemeth If she turns hot ayes? Let love's self say, for I in nowise dare: Lady of meekness, ouch that by compare All others as of wrath I recognize. Words might not body forth her excellence, For unto her lncllneth all sweat merit. Beauty in her hath Its divinity. NOT WANTED FRO 4 PAGE 6 Turkish representative has to leave his harem outside the limits of the penin sula. Not women only, but females of all kinds, are excluded so far as the . monkish power extends. No cow, mare or even domestic hen la permitted on the holy territory. Eggs are Imported from Lemnos. The monks are forbid den to cut either hair or beard; at one epoch no beardless brother was ad mitted. The tribute paid to Turkey' is 14,001 francs yearly. This is in addition to the customs duty on foreign imports. The central seat of government is at the village of Karyes. near the middle of the peninsula, nestling in the midst of a green and fertile valley. The monasteries are constructed like vast citadel-fortresses, with high tow ers and massive walls, on mountain slopes or seaside cliffs. Tbey follow no regular design, each adapting Itself to the peculiar formation of its site. One on the western shore Samopetra is perched on an almost Inaccessible rock. Flourishing vineyards surround the bases of the convent hills, and th forests a around yield plentiful supplies of nuts'. Every night just as the sun Is setting behind the mountains of Macedonia, long processions of .monks may be see climbing laboriously up te the monasteries with their donkeys laden with th result of the day's toll. . 4-
