7
if TPWc poctr mntr
f lie mows them dominated by a feeling
tfWI'Jm'll lrTf of womanly love. . '.M W
Wm nW . An s.PPk. tt. T(h mu..- villi
1 1 III It'll III 1 y TJ Among all the other Greek poeta , WWW V,
6rtS I III 1 1 till III I I . v who dedicated their genius to singing V
"-rJv35Wy ' if v t?E3 about love, none was so successful as W 5i J&
&Z&,yjt ' (I VsSs Sappho. This woman wrote such won- WW l TJiL
S'&i --a vJJ2ii' I derful love poems that she was called l I (11 5
Jyy L S the "tenth muse." Music and poetry H' kSr32
J y jCsfrs III I JY v nd ne art 01 lovo wer tauB"nt by her j C
A -0XV I C5yr 5V to tn young members of her sister- II H y
j- I s A" 3 T r. hood- It Is said that the old law-giver, B 3
v ax N. Zf if "i, l-f' ' VX ,!1kV Solon, on hearing one of her poems re- - jl
I'.- I 17a ' l-Ov MaJ cited, prayed that he would not die ' fc M
I Vk I O fi!r?OV until he had learned It by heart. She Jfr&
l i fflLH.M rf. wrote more than 100 beautiful love JJ
I f i iV. I 1 '! I, . ,.'WSSl III II. f e.A 1 sonnets, tnougn oniy on remains cuiu- VMir
LOVE is God's spoken word to all his
children; It Is th golden chain be
tween this world and eternity: It Is
the bond of fellowship, the forca of
force, greater than light, rain, son
shin and gravity.
It la mora precious than the treasures
of the earth and the sea, also mora
beautiful.
It la aa brilliant as the myriads of
stars In the firmament, for It Illumines
the hearts of millions of men and
women Just as the stars Illumine the
firmament.
It la because I prize purs lov mora
than all of God's other gifts that I
want you girls to prize It and try to
understand the full and proper mean
ing of love. It cannot ba understood
In a day, a week, or a year, because It
Is worth while; you may ba deceived at
times as to what lova Is and mistake
Infatuation, flattery, and other things
equally less worth while. But If you
are willing to bave ratlene and listen
to the ad rice of others who have had
more experience than yourself lov will
some day be yours. It Is because lova
Is the greatest gift In th world that
the greatest poets and artists of ail
tlmea have dedicated their genius to Its
aonga and epics.
Of ail th heaven-bestowed privileges
of the poet, the highest, the dearest,
th most aovlsbl Is the power of Im
mortalising the object of his lov. of
dividing with her his amaranthine
wreath of glory and repaying th In
spiration caught from her eyea with a
crown of everlasting fame.
Beaaty laaseertallsed la Terea.
It la not enough that In his Imagina
tion ha bas deified her; that ha has con
secrated his faculties to her honor; that
ba has burned hta heart in Incense upoa
u altar of her perfection; th divinity
' thus decked out ta licaest and loveliest
hues he places on high and cails upoa
all ages and nauons ta bow down be
fore her. and all gea and nations obey,
worshipping th beauty thus enshrined
In Imperishable verse, when others, per-
HOW REVOLUTIONS ARE MADE TO ORDER
arms wer cautiously shipped Into Mex
ico by Gustavo Madero and turned ever
to the revolutionary sympathisers.
Orsdually, also, the right sort of pub
lic opinion was being developed In th
United States. The masses In this
country lent - their moral influence
to Madero and this prevented any
antagonistic action on th part of Con
gress or of the State Department. Th
neutrality laws provide that no friendly
nation shall allow an armed expedition
to be fitted out upon its soli nor any
vessel intending to commit hostilities
to leave Its ports. International law,
which is a more Indefinite code, also
hoi. Is that no nation shall permit it
ports to be used aa a base for th ship
ment of arms Into a friendly country
for hostile use. The tribunal of Geneva
upheld this principle when th United
States complained of th assistance that
Ureal Britain bad given the Confeder
acy. Popular opinion might easily bave
enforced this law and thus mad th
success of Madero'a revolution Impos
sible. As a matter of fact this principle of
international law which might bave
been enforced against Madere Is now
being called Into present-day Mexican
insurrectos. v Congress has passed
resolution calling upon the President
to apply this principle of law to pre
vent arms being shipped from the Uni
ted States Into Mexico. Thus th in
baps as fair and not less worthy, have
gone down unsung to dust and endless
darkness.
It In return for being made Illustri
ous she made her lover happy. If for
glory she gave a heart, was It not a
rich equivalent? And If not if tha
lover waa still unsuccessful, still tha
poet had his reward. Whence came the
generous feelings, the high Imagina
tions, the glorious fancies, the heaven
ward Inspirations which raised him
above the great masses of men?
Through her the world opened upon
him with a divine beauty and all na
ture becam In his sight but a trans
cript of the charms of his mistress. Ma
saw her eyes In the stars of heavens,
her lips In tha half-blown rose. The
perfume of th opening flowers waa but
her breath that "wafted sweetness
round the world"; the Illy was a "sweet
thief" that had stolen purity from her
breast; the violet wss dipped In the
asur of her veins; the aurorean dew,
"dropt from the opening eyelids of the
morn." wer not so pure as her tears;,
th last ro tint of the dying day waa
not so bright or so delicate as her
cheek.
Hers was tha freshness and tha bloom
of Spring; she consumed him to languor
as the Summer sun; she waa kind as tha
bounteous Autumn or she fros him
with ber wintry disdain.
Lv tkV Great laapiratWa.
As Shakespeare says In one of his
loveliest sonnets:
Far what of thee thy peet aota invent.
He ret thae of and pass It thee ltt.
He leads thee vu-tne and be stole thai werd
rrem thv behavior: baauty doth he fie.
Bat round It la thy eneok; he es afford
Hm praise te the hut whet la thee doth
lira:
Thea thank him ast for that wbleh he aoth
Mr.
Bine what aa eves thee, thea tkysetf dost
pay.
A poet cannot really sing hymns of
love and pralae unless there Is real lova
and thanksgiving In his heart. In th
aama way ne woman haa ever been 1
truly. lasUngly deified la poetry but In
the spirit of truth and lov.
One of th most beautiful word pic
tures ever painted of a modest, sweet
young girl Juet growing Into woman
hood la given in Homera "Odyssey."
t'lysses has Just been thrown ashore by
CONTINUED FROM PACE ft
surrectos are finding themaelves with
out ammunition, the lack of which ren
ders at not Improbable that their activi
ties will be smotbsred and the Madero
government saved. Th United States
ts guarding Its frontier very strictly in
Its attempt to keep ammunition from
going Into Mexico. Th Insurrectos.
who are mostly In th northern part
of that country, reoelv their supplies
almost entirely from the United States.
To maintain such an Insurrection as
they are now carrying on Is very dif
ficult. ven under th most favorable
circumstances, and will probably prv
Impossible with th munitions of war
thus mad so difficult to obtain. Those
who watch these developments from tha
standpoint of Washington appreciate
the fact that this Congressional reso
lution originated In the office of Ma
dero'a American attorneys and that. If
this Insurrection Is smothered, th re
sponsibility for It lies with th revolu
tion Jugglers In the Hlbbs building.
Deeble-Creswlag Zelaya,
Another of the most recent revolu
tions In Latin-America was that la
Nicaragua, which resulted In driving
out th tyrant, Zelaya, and placing
Juan Estrada In his place. Th Zelaya
administration had long 1 een notorloua
for Its grafting and for th manner In
which public fund wer used to en
rich the President. At the time the
revolution was precipitated Zelaya bad
TITE SUNDAY
Ms wrecked ship, and at his sight all
the maidens except Nauslcaa are
afraid
All bat Nanalcaa flad, bat she at atooO.
Pallaa haa put a boldneaa Id har braaat.
And la har fair limbs lander fear compraat.
And atlll abs stood him, as raaolved to
know
What man he was or out et what should
rrow
His stranse repair ts thorn
There are few picture In literature
as beautiful aa the farewell between
Hector and Andromache when the great
warrior leaves his wlf and young son
for tha battle field. -
Patliotlaaa la tflgheat Foraa.
Her husband. Hector, and her son,
Astyanax. are all this young woman
haa to love, and still she la glad to
give ber husband for tha defense of
ber country. Throughout tha whole
scene wa sea the dependence of tha
woman, her splendid love and ber wil
llrgness to sacrifice It for a cauas
greater and nobler than herself and
her boy. Wa almost hear the words
that pass through her mind: "Sava thy.
self. too. because I love thee."
Further on, in the twenty-second
book of the "Iliad." wa see Androm
ache, yet ignorant of the fat that haa
befallen ber, for she Is trying to dis
tract hsrself by weaving a veil
"strewn curiously with varied flowers."
while her maidens are busy preparing
tha bath for Hector on bis return from
battle. She bears a clamoroua uproar
and loud cries from her maidens. Then
she eees her husband being dragged
by tha horses of Achilles toward the
r-.-.-u .kir fiha falls back In a faint.
and when she recovers she pours out
ber sorrow la tna moat sincere uea
pair. A much different pleture of love is
glvsn of Helen In tha "Iliad." Her
beauty and wiles led to a long and
hard-fought war. Even when Troy falls
ha does not make Helen appear as an
utterly, corrupt and degraded woman.
Rather, he shows her as a blameless
ncilm of the power of Aphrodite, and
her love for Paris Is a fata aent by
the goddess.
When sha realises what iha bas dona
L. nwM..m with vrl.f knil M.
proachea herself In tha harshest terms.
Homer haa immortaiizea toe wne. me
mother, the young girl, and In all these
arranged a loan of 11.250,000 with
London bankers. Had hs got this
money th opposition would not hav
been able successfully te fight him.
He did not get It. however, because,
through Hopkins 4 Hopkins, all man
ner of stumbling-blocks wer placed In
' the way. Though th contract bad
actually been signed, so many wer the
objection raised that the money was
never finally delivered until Zelaya had
been deposed and then It went Into th
hands of th new government where. It
Is to ba hopsd. It waa applied mora to
the benefit of th publlo than otherwise
would hav been the case.
The story of Zelaya's overthrow is a
typical drama of Central American
politics. Juan Estrada was In com
mand of the military forces at Blue
fields and up and down th entire east
coast of Nicaragua. Salvador Castrlllo
was the Insurrectionary diplomatic
agent In conjunction with whom Hop
kins Hopkins worked. This combi
nation had a vsry difficult game to
play. It not only had to outwit Gen
eral Zelaya in getting sufficient sup
plies Into Nicaragua to make an Insur
rection successful, but It had also to
fight th Influeno of President Diaz,
of Mexico, who was in, sympathy with
Zelaya and sought to maintain hjm In
th Presidency. Even after Estrada
had executed hla military coup by which
he had practically overthrown Zelaya,
Dlas and the Clentlflco crowd in Mex
OREGOXTAX, TOTITLANT),
he mows them dominated by a feeling
of womanly lova.
Sappho the Teeth Muse."
Among all the other Greek poeta
who dedicated their genius to singing
about love, none was so successful as
Sappho. This woman wrote such won
derful love poems that sha was called
the "tenth muse." Music and poetry
and the art of love were taught by her
to the young members of her sister
hood. It Is said that the old law-giver,
Solon, on hearing one of her poems ra
clted, prayed that he would not die
until he had learned It by heart. She
wrote more than 100 beautiful love
sonnets, though only one remains com
plete. In this she describes the tor
tures she is suffering from some unre
quited love and bets Venus to soothe
her aching heart:
Vanua. bright goddess of the skies.
To whom unnumher'd temples rise.
Jova'a daughter fair, wboaa wily arts
fjelude fond lovers of their hearts;
Ol LJaten ffracloua to my prayer.
And free my mind from anxious care.
Once more, O, Venus, hear my prayer,
And ease my mind of anxious cars;
Acaln vouchsafe to ba my fuest,
And calm this tempest In my breast,
To thee, brlsht Qnften, my vows aspire.
- O, (rant me all my heart's desire.
These are only two stanzas of a beau
tiful and touching poem supposed to
have been spoken by a young Mytlle
nean named Phaon. to whom the great
poetess had lost her heart.
Poetess Kills Self for leve.
Legend says ha did not respond to
this feeling of love and that she was
so heartbroken by his Indifference that
she threw herself from the Leucadian
promontory Into the sea. She had two
pupils who also dedicated their genius
to the goddess of love Venus. The ona
was Erlnna, who wrote a long, beauti
ful poem called "The Spindle That Has
Been Lost."
But none of her pupils, either men
or women, of whom she had many, ever
reached her height.
She sang in the childhood of the
world, when people felt more than they
thought, when love was a sensation, a
Joy, a passion, not a sentiment. If sha
did not spiritualize her theme, she
purified it of the coarseness which made
the love songs of men before her unfit
for a delicate ear. Sha took love from
the exclusive domain of tha senses and
gave it a soul.
Long before love poems were written
they were sung by people of all coun
tries, and nowhere were they sung with
more enthusiasm than among the early
troubadours of France. Th amatory
poetry of Provence had the same source
with the national poetry of Spain, both
being derived from Arabia. Most of
the original folk poems have been lost
and only their spirit survives, but
enough has been left to show how ro
mantic they were. Sometimes these
singers wer bards and minstrels, who
wandered from town to town. Again
they were Princes and even Kings.
Among th most famous of these
singers were William, Count of Poltou;
Richard I. two kings of Arragon, and
the dauphin of Auvergne. Though
they sang of many fair women, they
were most devoted to Blanche of Cas
tile, th mother of Louis IX. Thlbault,
one of their number, wrote one of the
finest and most romantic aonga about
her.
Princesses and ladles of rank entered
ico were strong enough to place Madrlx,
a friend of Zelaya, in the Presidency.
To counteract this Clentlflco Influence
in Central America there stood only
Den Manual Estrada Cabrera, President
of Guatemala. Cabrera and Dlas had
long been enemies. Cabrera has long
been tha friend of th United States.
There was always a suspicion that
through Cabrera munitions of war
poured Into Blueflelds at this critical
time. For many years Cabrera had
been an Intimate personal friend of the
Hopklnses. Th fact that' his adminis
tration is th only one in Central Amer
ica that has remained steadfast .and
peaceful through the last dosen years
Is ascribed to the guidance of his Amer
ican frlenda and advisers. To these at
torneys waa due the blocking ot the
Zelaya loan, the failure of which, to
gether with the moral support of the
United States and the aid of Cabrera,
meant tha downfall of the Zelaya dic
tatorship. A Soldier of Fortune.
The facts In connection with th up
rising a year ago in Honduras are not
dissimilar. In this case there Is an
added interest In having ths most emi
nent American financier, J. P. Morgan,
and the most interesting American sol
dier of fortune. General Lee Christmas,
as prominent figures in a revolutionary
embrogllo. Morgan & Co. had agreed
to advance President Miguel Davlla
$10,000 with which to pay off the ac
cumulated Indebtedness of Honduras
and the United States has practically
agreed to guarantee the loan by ar
ranging for the administration of the
custom-houses of that benighted coun
try. Morgan was to make a handsome
I
APRIL" 31. 1913
this list of poets and often vanquished
the troubadours of the other sex. They
were rewarded by their husbands or
their lovers with rich dresses, horses,
armor and gold. Among the most
famous of the women songsters was
the Countess of Champagne, who pre
sided at on of the courts of love. Then
there was Beatrice, Countess of Prov
ence; Clara d'Anduse, one of whose
songs Is translated by Slsmondl; and
one of the most successful was the
Countess ce Die. Rudel was ono of
tha most popular minstrels, and he
wrote many songs to her, one of tha
most popular being the following:
Grieved and troubled shaU I die.
It 1 meet my love afar;
Alas! 1 know not that I e'er
Ehal! see her. for sha dwells afar.
O God. that didst all things create.
And formed my aweet love, now afar:
Strengthen my heart that I may hope
To behold her face, who Is afar.
0 Lord, besleve how very true
Is my love for her; alas, afar;
Tho' for each joy a thousand pains
1 bear, because, I sm so far.
Another love I'll never have.
Save only sha who Is afar.
For fairer one 1 never knew
In placea near, nor yet afar.
Bertrand of the Fierce Mien.
Another famous singer was Bertrand
da Born, who was as wild and ferocious
as Rudel was mild and gentle. He first
celebrated Elinor Plantagenet. who
was the sister of Richard the Lion
Hearte The princess waa greatly
flattered by his words of praise. He
continued to mke her his theme until
she married the Duke of Saxony, and
then he chose the beautiful Waens de
Montagnac, daughter of the Viscount
of Turenne and wife of Talleyrand de
Perlgord, as his next ideal.
He eang of her with sc much fire and
seal that soon gossip began to wag its
tongue.
Later King Henry had this poet
besieged in his castle, he was taken a
prisoner, and ould hav bejn executed
when he reminded the klcg of his
former friendship for his son. This
moved the king, who spared hla life
and gave him back his castle.
Another of the most romantic of
these singers was Pierre Vldal, whose
brain was turned with lov and vanity.
He believed Umself to be ths mirror
of knighthood and the prince of th
troubadours. He had great talent and
his songs were not surpassed by any
of tha singers of his day. He sang
about many of the most beautlfnl wo
men of court, and when he naa ex
hausted these themes he followed Rich
ard the First on a crusade and devoted
his talent to this cause.
Later these singers wre not welcome
at court, so they deteriorated into
wandering mlnBtrels snd Jugglers.
profit by taking up the old loans of
Guatemala and by realising from th
intervention of the United States in
collecting the customs of Honduras,
an act which would raise th value of
that country's bonds from 85 per cent
to 100. Besides these there were other
profitable features to the schema.
In the meantime Generals Manuel
Bonllla and Lee Christmas were busily
at work In New Orleans fitting out an
expedition In the name of tho former,
who aspired to the Presidency. Below
Canal street in New Orleans the city Is
as Latin as Paris or Rome. Here dwell
the dissatisfied exiles from all the na
tions of Latin-America. The unsuccess
ful Latin-American revolutionist, com
pelled to flee his own country, takes up
his abode below Canal street In New
Orleans. Knock on almost any door In
that section and It will be opened but
an inch and a countersign will be re
quired before you can gain admission.
Here more plots are hatched and more
revolutionary expeditions developed
than anywhere else In America. These
are rarely successful except where the
venture Is of sufficient Importance and
the adventurers are sufficiently wise
to make a Washington connection by
acquiring tha services of those most
scientific gulders of revolutions, Hop
kins & Hopkins. -
Bonllla eventually succeeded In get
ting bis expedition to Honduras and,
after winning a series of brilliantly
fought battles, placed Bertrand, Man
uel Bonilla's candidate. In the Presi
dency. Since then Bonllla has been
legally elected and Inaugurated aa
President.
(Copyright, 1913. by W. A. Du Puy.)
The same lova songs were being
composed in Germany by the minnes
ingers, who wandered from place to
place and court to court singing their
songs. One of the loveliest Is at
tributed to the talented minnesinger
Der Von Kurenberg. Modernised It
runs:
So the star of evening bides Its biishtness
now. a
Fair lady. If. thou see me. evaa so do thou.
Then upoa some other man let they glances
And how It stands between us there's aever
any man shall know.
Hlldbuld Writes Many Sonnets.
One of the most popular and roman
tic of thes singers was HUdbold von
Schwangau. A few of his many love
poems dedicated to women's beauty and
charms remain. These are tha last lines
May I yet live bar craclousness to see.
Tie stranse I never felt so sorely triad
When I on four belike my service set.
Nov I lova only ona and none beside.
And for that one my grief Is greater yet
Than a'ar because of love It was of yore.
All that was sport and pastime, nothing
more.
Now I know love; I knew It not before.
The best-known of all these singers
was Walthern von der Vogelwelde, who
lived in the 13th century and spent
many years at court dedicating his tal
ent to love and fair women. Finally be
tired of bis minstrel lays and went off
with his King on a crusade. Before
leaving he wrote this love song:
In this short life of ours, falsa cola
Is often struck in Love's design.
Yet if a man knows what Its real stamp Is.
I pledge my word upon the truth of this.
That rudeness shall assail him ne'er.
If he will take It for hla guide.
Love Is to Heaven so near allied. -That
I Implore Its guidance there
Then there grew up many beautiful
songs that were sung for many centu
ries before they were written. The
most wonderful of these are "The
Ring," which includes the Rbelngold,
Slgfrled, Tannhauser, and the Dusk of
ths Gods. One of the most beautiful In
tha original is Tannbauser's lov song.
Leve Poeta of the Italians,
The Italians were by no means lag
ging behind In composing and singing
songs of love; tbey had their minstrels
and their troubadours. But these soon
gave way to their great lova poets and
among this number wer Dante, Pe
trarch and Calvacantl.
There have been few poets who hav
oyer sung a song of impassioned praise
so romantically as did Petrarch, to his
sweetheart Laura. Ha describes ber la
the following words:
And whether coldness, pride, or virtus
dignify
A woman, so she Is good, what does It
signify.
In his sonnets he says that she was
WOMEN ARE
CONTINUED
officers, also chosen annually. - In each
of the other nine monasteries an exec
utive committee of three members Is
yearly selected by the oldest and lead
ing monks. For important questions
the whole body of each community Is
assembled, but the committee of three
carry all decisions into effect.
The regime and rules of the mon
asteries are very severe. Meat is ab
solutely forbidden. Fish, cheese' and
eggs are permitted. Each year has four
long fasts, comprising together 154
days, not counting the Wednesdays and
Saturdays of the non-fasting weeks.
During these fasts only one meal of
salads, olives and bread Is allowed dally
at noon. The repast are brief and
without conversation. One of the
brethren, seated in the middle of the
refectory, reads from a pious book.
Great hospitality exists throughout the
peninsula and travelers are cordially
welcomed. Beds are unknown in the
majority of the convents, but it is easy
to sleep comfortably on the wooden
divans covered with Oriental carpets
and cushions.
Women Barred Absolutely.
For 1400 years no woman has slept
upon the Sacred Mountain. This pro
scription is rigidly absolute; even the
in person a fa It Madonna-Ilk beauty,
with soft, dark eyes and a profusion 01
pale, golden hair, parted on her brow
and failing In rich curls over her neck.
In his different poems he describes each
feature, sucn as tno ceiesuaj r
her figure and her movements, th
beauty of her band, ana tne loveune
of ber mouth.
He notices even the varying expres
sion of her loveliness, such as the light
ing of her smile, the tender maglo of
her voice which was felt In the inmost
heart. He says that she had a habit of
veiling her eyes with her hand, and
her looks were generally bent on the
earth.
In another sonnet he sings, "I bless
the place, the time, the hour when I
presumed to lift my eyes upon her. I
say. O my soul, thankful shouldst thou
be that hadst been deemed worthy ot
such high honor, for from her spring
those gentle thoughts which shall lead
thee to aspire to the highest good and
to disdain all that th vulgar mind de
sires." Petrarch a Constant Lever.
Who was this Laura to whom thia
great genius had dedicated his talent
and life? He tells us In one of his
sonnets that he first met her in the
Church of St. Claire. She was hab
bitod In a robe of green, spotted with
violets. Mention Is also made of a
coronal of silver with which she
wreathed her hair, of her necklace and
ornaments of pearl. Her father was
a noDle of Avignon, Audlbert de Noyes.
He waa proud of his daughter's charms
and beauty and he had her married
when sh was 18. But it was Petraroh
who was her real lover and spent hi
genius singing of it.
Since I spoke to you about Dante's
magnificent and high love for Beatrice
In another story I must pass by their
romance in this and the beautiful words
of praise Dante speaks for her In his
Divine Comedy and his Vita Nuova.
But I do want to quote one of his love
songs because there are few so beauti
ful in all literature.
"Ascended Is our Beatrice to the
highest heaven, to those realms where
angels dwell, and you her fair com
panions and love and me, she has
left, alas! behind. It was not the
frOBt of Winter that chilled her, nor
was it the heat of Summer that with
ered her; it was the power of her vir
tue, her humility, and her truth that
ascending ' into heaven moved the
eternal father to call her to himself,
seeing that this miserable life waa
not worthy of anything so fair, s ex
cellent." Cavalcantl Friend of Dante.
Another great poet of this time waa
Guldo Cavalcantl, a friend of Dante,
who amused himself writing about tha
love affair between Dante and Beatrice.
He was of noble birth, but allied him
self with the liberal party In Italy.
He had a number of romances of hla
own and wrote charming love poems
to his ladles real and the creation of
his own brain. I quote a few stanzas
from one of his most beautful poems:
Dear God. what seemeth If she turns hot
ayes?
Let love's self say, for I in nowise dare:
Lady of meekness, ouch that by compare
All others as of wrath I recognize.
Words might not body forth her excellence,
For unto her lncllneth all sweat merit.
Beauty in her hath Its divinity.
NOT WANTED
FRO 4 PAGE 6
Turkish representative has to leave his
harem outside the limits of the penin
sula. Not women only, but females of
all kinds, are excluded so far as the .
monkish power extends. No cow, mare
or even domestic hen la permitted on
the holy territory. Eggs are Imported
from Lemnos. The monks are forbid
den to cut either hair or beard; at one
epoch no beardless brother was ad
mitted. The tribute paid to Turkey' is 14,001
francs yearly. This is in addition to
the customs duty on foreign imports.
The central seat of government is at
the village of Karyes. near the middle
of the peninsula, nestling in the midst
of a green and fertile valley.
The monasteries are constructed like
vast citadel-fortresses, with high tow
ers and massive walls, on mountain
slopes or seaside cliffs. Tbey follow
no regular design, each adapting Itself
to the peculiar formation of its site.
One on the western shore Samopetra
is perched on an almost Inaccessible
rock. Flourishing vineyards surround
the bases of the convent hills, and th
forests a around yield plentiful supplies
of nuts'. Every night just as the sun
Is setting behind the mountains of
Macedonia, long processions of .monks
may be see climbing laboriously up te
the monasteries with their donkeys
laden with th result of the day's toll. .
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