Image provided by: University of Oregon Libraries; Eugene, OR
About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (Aug. 15, 1909)
THE SUNDAY OBEGOXIAX,. PORTLAND, AUGUST 15, 1909. . I C t C By Artbur R C. CavUl, the World's Host Ixpert Swimmer, Now Swimming Instructor ol the llaltnonah Amateur Athletic CluS SJ J.s:Tr2TTTv:& ? 1 . 1 r. - 1 X y 1 .-. -ill "prtes ." . - P5"! 1 ' SWIMMING EPIGRAMS. ! " I. : -' J' -' ? r?.";l wmmmmammmmmim - -J SWIMMING DONTS. Do not swim do?-fashioiu That is, dig down through the watpr with the hands. Alter the arms have been exteuded, move them outward and away from the body horizontally. Po not splash the water with the feet. Bring the knees under the stomach and extend them backward wide apart and brinj the knees and ankles gradually together. Don't try to swim with the body. Use the arms and legs. I SHALL only attempt In this article to treat of the fundamental prin ciples of the art of awlmmlog. No attempt will be made to teach here the hundreds of fancy strokes, -which can be mastered after one has learned to swim right. If beginners and those who have learned wrong will follow rlosely the Instructions which I have set down here, with patience and a determination to master them, the re sult will he, surprising to the person and friends. Animals swim by what scientists call Instinct. They cannot raise themselves out of the water. By reason of this fact they remain In a position which enables them to keep afloat If they work their lefts. They soon learn that It is not difficult by the employment of different motions to move about as they desire. It should be the same In the case of human beings, but owing to the fact that the human head Is so much larger In proportion to the body than In the case of animals, when men first enter the water the first impulse Is to turn about and crawl out. It Is mv belief, however. In view of the fact that practice enables men to overcome this physical condition, that If discre tion Is used and there Is a reasonable amount of confidence on the part of the beginner, there is no reason why any person should not be able to swim on first -entering the water with that end In view. The first thing necessary In learning to swim Is the watek A swimming tank Is best, but If this Is not available, any shallow stream or pool will do. The water should be about waist deep. In the first place to give you confidence enter the water with a friend. Be neith er too serious nor too humorous. Clasp the fingers of both hands together and place these back of the head, with the elbows extended outward. Tour friend should then take hold of your body and lay you gently backward in the water. While he Is still holding you. stretch out at full letigth until you feel easy and rested. Your friend should then gradually release you and you will find that you can remain In that position unattended as long as you care to. This experience will give you confidence In your own ability to float In the water. Now for the first lesson in swimming. First take a rope about the thickness of a clothesline and as much as 30 feet long. Tie this around the body and se cure the khot firmly in the center of the chest. Go out into the wter.as far as the' length of the rope will" let you. If not too deep. Tour friend on the bank should hold the rope and with these preparations the actual swimming can begin. Io not hesitate. Tou must start right off. Place the elbows against the sides with the tips of the fingers touching In front of the chest. Ex tend the arms forward as If trying to touch something just out of reach. The palms should be downward and .the f lin gers even. When the arms have been fully extended forward, bring them back by separating the hands outward, bringing them out horizontally from the body on a,n even- line with the shoulders. All of these motions are shown in the accompanying illustra tions, excepting the first position, which was impossible to illustrate cor rectly unless In the water. An Idea of how that position should be is shown, however, which will enable to pupfl to get it right from the descrlptlbn. Care should be taken that the arms are fully extended from the side and then brought in with the elbows to the side and the fingers In frpnt of the chest, as shown In the first position. Repeat the motion on and on. This is only half of what Is to be done. The leg motion is also Included when the art has' been mastered, but should be learned sep arately. I will now show the-leg motion. In the first place It Is best to have a railing near the bank or steps, which the pupil can grasp with the left hand. Extend the right hand downward against the side of the tank to keep the body hori- One finger above the water in swimming is like another ton placed on an already overloaded wagon. ' Floats. and other patent articles used in learning to swim are like learning the multiplication table as a rule for division in mathematics. . . , Too much seriousness in the water is like a man who has just learned of the sudden demise of his mother-in-law at, a ball. On the other hand, too much levity is like some men at ,hur mother-in-law 's funeral. NATURAL RESOURCES OF THE COUNTRY Bulletins Giving Accurate Information Furnished Tree by the Geological Survey's Portland Office. THE fnited States Geological Survey Is making a study of the natural resources of the country. The re sults of these investigations appear In published form and are always available to the publio through the publications of the survey. " Arrangements have recently teen made whereby all publications pertaining to the Taclflc Northwest are placed for sale and distribution at the district engineer s of fice In Portland. Tllford building, cor ner Tenth and Morrison. Publications of the survey consist 01 bulletins, water supply papers, profession al papers, mineral resources, topographic atias sheets or quadrangles and geologic folios. Topographic sheets and geologic folios are sold at cost. Other; publica tions are distributed free. A limited num ber of each publication are retained by the Geological Survey for direct distribu tion. A certain number are delivered to Representatives and Senators In Con press for distribution. A certain number re deposited with the Superintendent of Iocuroent in Washington. D. C. from whom they can be purchased at a nom inal price.. Copies of all publications. are furnished the prtnerpal libraries through out the country, where they can be con sulted by those Interested. Topographic atlas sheets and reologle folioe are sold at cost of publication, the topographic sheet a S cents ea-h. or per bucdred. ahd tiie geologio folios for I E cents each, with a discount of 40 per I . n . fnllA. Trt cent on an oraer oi vr uwiw - -the present time there have been com pleted in Oregon 17 atlas sheets and three geologic folios: In Washington a atlas sheets and four folios: In Idaho 17 atlas sheet, and three folios;. in Nevada IS atlas sheets and one louo; in aiuor nla 111 atlas sheets and 21 folios, besides Ur.. nnmhAr of nrwvHn! sheets. All the atlas sheets and folios In Oregon and Washington, Idaho. Montana ana jNorrn ern California and Nevada are on sale in the Portland office of the United States Geological Survey. Orders for sheets and folios in other states will be referred to the office at Washington, D. C. Index mans showing the areas In each state mapped to date will be fur nished upon application. ' Mineral Resources. Publications of the Division of Mining and Mineral Resources appear In the form of bulletins. Those In hand for distribu tion are as follows: Bulletin S41 Chapters B and C contain results of the Investigations of the coal fields of Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexi co. Utah. Oregon and Virginia In 1907. Bulletin S56 Geology of the Great Falls Coal Field. Montana. - Bulletin 170 The Flre-reststive Prop erties of Various. Building Materials. Bulletin 74 Smokeless Combustion of Oal In Boiler Plants, with a chapter on Central Heating Plants. Bulletin 874 Mineral Resources of the Kotsina-Chitina Region, Alaska. . Bulletin 375 The Forty-Mile Quad rangle, Tukon-Tanana Region, Alaska. Bulletin 376 Peat Deposits of Maine. Bulletin S78 Results of Purchasing Coal Under Government Specifications. Bulletin 379 Chapters B to F Inclusive. Mineral Resources of Alaska. This is a report of the progress of investigations In 190S and contains the results of studies of the mineral resources of this very in teresting territory, sub-divided as fol lows: Chapter B treats of Southeastern Alaska; Chapter C, Prince William Sound, Kenal Peninsula, Southwestern Alaska; Chapter D. Copper River Region; Chanter E, Fairbanks. Tukon-Tanana and lower Yukon Regions; Chapter F, Seward Pen insula. Bullettn SKfl Contributions to Economic Geology in 1908. The following advance chapters have been received to date: A, Gold and Silver; B. Investigations Relat ing to Copper: C. Investigations Relating to Lead and ZIncf E. Investigations. Re lating to Iron and Manganese; H, Inves tigations Relating to Asphalt; J. Investi gations Relating to Cement and Concrete Materials; L. Investigations Relating to Salines. There sre also in hand two advance chapters from the report of mineral re sources of the United States for 190S, treating of the Production of Slate and Phosphate Rock. Bulletin 3S5 BriQuettlng Tests at the zontal behind. In this position raise the legs, almost to the surface. Draw the knees under 'the body, keeping them wide apart. Shot the legs out while they are apart, bring them together during the process, describing a quar ter circle. When they have been ex tended behind with a quick, vigorous motion, the ankles and knees should be together. Then draw in the knees again and repeat this for some time. After both the arm and leg move ments have been mastered, the begin ner can then go out Jnto the water without assistance, and make his first attempt. The arm and leg movements should both be used, the legs shooting backward as the arms are extended for ward. Remember that there is no need of hurry. Make the motions easy, and hold the body nicely poised. Do not try to swim with the body. Keep It lax and use the arms and legs. Time should be taken and patience used in the first-trial. Do not be discouraged if you do not learn readily. The pupil will soon discover that It comes natural and easy. . 4 . As to life-saving. Much has been written about life-saving, and many theories have been advanced as to the best possible manner in which life-saving may be accomplished by. persons who know little or nothing about which they presume to talk with wisdom. In England and Australia they have regu lar life-saving classes in the Public schools. These societies are all right. and a good thing for tne cuuniriga. United State Fuel-Testing Plant. folk. Va.. 1907-8. Water Supply Papers. The results of investigations of the Wa ter Resources Branch of the United States Geological Survey are published In form of Water Supply Papers and are distributed free of charge. The following papers are on hand for distribution: Water Supply Papers 133. 134 and 13o. contain stream flow data for the calendar vear 1904.- No. 133 treats of the Colorado River and part of the Great Basin drainage- No. 134 of the Great Basin and Pa cifio Ocean drainages in California; No 135 of the Columbia River and Puget Sound drainage basins. Water supply papers l.S. 1.7 and l.g, contain stream flow data for the calendar year 1J6. No. 176 treats of the great basin drainage: No. 177 of the great basin and Pacific Ocean drainage m California, and Colorado River drainage below Gila River: No. 178 of the Columbia River and Puget Sound drainage basins. Water supply papers 212 and 213 contain the stream- flow data for the calendar vear 1908. No. 213 treats of the great basin drainage: No. 213 of the great basiln and Pacific Ocean drainages in California and Lower Colorado River drainage. No 214 contains- the stream flow dat for the Columbia River and Puget Sound drainage basins, and Pacific Ocean drainage In Oregon for 1908. ' The survey's stock Is exhausted but the paper can be purchased from the superintendent of documents. N Water supply papers 220 and 231 .con stitute a very" interesting report on that heretofore neglected territory. Central Oregon., No. 23 is a report of the geology "and watr resources of a portion of but do not show the ordinary swimmer how it may be done: That Is, their methods are not practical, and hence do not convey a practical idea to the mind of the pupil. In the first place a person drowning should only be ap proached from the back. If he has a bathing suit or open clothes on, quietly catch him by the collar, with a good firm hold, keeping him at arms' length. This allows the rescuer the legs and owe arm to swim with. There is no danger whatever In holding a person In this position, for, struggle ss he may. he cannot reach around and grapple with his rescuer. This is shown in the Illustration. In case the drowning per son has no clothes on. quietly come to the back of him. place the arm around his neck, with the forearm well under his chin. Hold the person close to your body, slightly turn on your side and you will find that it is easy to swim ashore. I have practised these two methods In numerous cases, and have found them to be practical and always resultant of success. After the drowning person Is safely on the bank send for a physician. If one is not available, act as follows: Place the victim face downward. Put some object under the stomach and press on the back. If the water does not come out this way, turn him over on his back, pull the tongue out as far as possible, and tie It down on the lower part of the mouth with a hand kerchief or string around the -lower Jaw, and work the arms outward and press on the chest. n i. rSrecmn lvlnsr mnlnlv with In Lake County. No. 231 -Is a similar re port on the Harney basin region. ' ; Water supply paper 224, some desert watering places in Southeastern Califor nia and Southwestern Nevada. This is a very interesting description of the famous Death Valley and adjoining country. Water supply paper 228 contains the results of stream flow investigations In Tukon-Tanana region, Alaska, for 1907 and 1908. including Fairbanks, circle and Rampart districts. Water supply paper 229, treats of the disinfection of eewage and sewage filter effluents, with a chapter on putrescibility and stability of sewage effluents. In addition to the foregoing publica tions there are on hand a. few copies of professional paper No. 69 which is a very Interesting geologic report on the miocene of Astoria and Coos Bay. Or. Orders for topographic atlas sheets and geologic folios must be accompanied by money order, draft or j:ash (the exact amount). Request for publications should state specifically the publication desired. All communications should be addressed to J. O. Stevens, district en gineer. United States geological survey, Portland, Or. How to Hold a DjsoiyjvG. Pjtisj oa Nvzjz No ted Swimmer All His Life Won a Prise at 5 Years of Age in Queen Victoria s presence. "I BIG. L KlJLLER. HAVK1 noh succeeded In amassing any great amount of this world's goods; I have not been -a prominent figure in the world-wide peace movement, neither have I gained laurels as an orator or a great statesman, but I am satisfied with 'my place in life and what I have accomplished for humanity. I have been fortunate enough to be in a place where I could save the lives. of several people from drowning and have taught others how to do the same thing and ieep from drowning themselves and I am satisfied. All of us Can't be experts in everything and I have tried to master one of the world's arts and have reasons to believe I have succeeded." - - I asked Arthur Cavill what he wanted to say as an introductory statement to an article by hlra on the fundamental principles of the art of swimming and he spoke the above words. In his way Cavill is a character. He 1s one of the great mass of migratory beings of earth, who move from spot to spot because their vocawon is sucn that they can always do better elsewhere n finally the habit grows on them until roaming Is part of """" " offers new- fields for conquest and adven- tUThe great Cavill family, of which he is a member, is accounted the grVatest swimming family in the world. There are nine children and from the oldest to the youngest all have been world swim ming champions at one time in their lives. This family has a standing chal lenge to the world that it can beat any other team of nine swimmers. "All there is to Anette" Kellennan is her figure. Were it not for that she wouldn't amount to much." For two vears of his early life amateur champion of Australia and later cham pion of the world from 100 yards to ore mile, instructor in swimming in all of the principal athletic and aquatic club- of the world, including the famous Bath Club of London and now Instructor of swimming at Multnomah Amateur Athe letic Club, such is the record of Pro fessor Cavill; at that he is only 39 years old. Cavill holds two of the greatest life saving medals in the world. He was given one medal by the English Royal Humane Society for rescuing a MIfs Duckworth, a prominent English beauty, from a watery grave in the Indian Ocean. The woman fell overboard from a ship on which Cavill was also a passanger. He Jumped -after her and kept afloat two hours before they were rescued. He also won a medal from the National Ship Wreck Society of Australia for raving the life of a son of General Graham, of the English army. On Australia the government compels the teaching of swimming in the public schools and when he was 14 years of sge Cavill was teaching one of these schools. It was while teaching that he met Anette Keller man and taught her to swim. CONVICTS HAVE GOLD MINE Penal Settlement Has Useful Ad junct in Jungles. PARIS. Aug. 14. (Special.) Convicts In French Guinea seem to be In luck. They are reported to be working a gold mine on their own account. Their wirders have apparently so far failed to discover where they have successfully pegged their claim. The convicts, in turn, ...... the settlement by twos or threes and re main hidden for a day or two; they then return with their pockets full of nug gets, and have a great time. Others get away In their turn, hut come back even tually also with gold. The mine Is thus kept regularly work ing bv- shifts of convicts. . The latter, when "they return to, the settlement, are regularly sentenced to a few days Im prisonment for absence without leave, but this is a low price to pay for a share In a gold mine. Where the latter is. the authorities have never yet been attle to discover. AERO LABORATORY PLANNED France to Have $1,000,000 Experi ment Station for ,Aviation. PARIS, Aug. 14. (Special.) It is pro posed to build an aero-technical labo ratory In France. The total Cost Is esti mated at 11,000.000. M. Deutsch de la Meurthe's donation of J10O.O0O is to stand as the first of what is hoped to be a long list of subscriptions, and the fund thus acquired is to be placed under the control of a Joint committee, consisting of several members of the Academy of Science and an equal number of leading engineers. The first expenditure for the equipment of a laboratory will be on the construc tion of a long tunnel for aeroplane tests against winds of varying speeds. The tunnel, which Is to be modeled on a mini ature of the kind which already exists at Middletown, Conn., is to be 3300 -feet long, about 100 feet wide, and the same in height. When completed, the laboratory will be the only institution in the world in which mathematical theories of aviation tan be put to a thorough test with models of rational size. - ' ' 2663 DANCES0N ONE DAY Peculiar Statistics of Phase of Na tional Fete in Farla. PARIS. Aug. 14. tSpedal.) Some ultra exact statistician has calculated that on the day of the National Fete, July 14, there were 263 open-air ball In Paris. Over 8,000,000 dancers expended enougii energy to carry a 500-ton train more than 1000 miles at a speed of 20 miles an hour In' the course of their twirlings these 4.100,000 couples covered a distance of 62, 360 miles. There are few prettier sights ,ln' Paris than the open-air ball. Decorum is ab solute: there Is even an etiquette. Thmigh the casual comer may ask the lady of his choice for a dance, the latter is quite at liberty to refuse and to give her ami to another without giving ground for of fence. The little "Midjlnette" is the graceful creature, and her evolutions, un der the soft glimmer of the paper lan terns, not only represent the poetry of motion, but bear witness to her charm anc" -savoir-faire." To the Paris popula tion July 14 is still a great date. Crews of British' submarines are tausht how to use a ..fety holm.t nd waterproof iarket deigned to save them In case the submarine on which 'hey ar. em-d Is , sunk. J