The Sunday Oregonian., October 18, 1908, Magazine Section, Page 2, Image 46

y"1 i , v U , ' - Aft ' x
I 3 1 35EJUBLiJGAN
AAfeAT The QiAiEMEasr of the Two
GhmbAIGN CDMMITTEES'iEEB.DOINe IN
TOE
THE camp ten 'or cap.ure of
ConsTMa te qutta distinct from the
fcattto for ths taking of the Presi
dency. For the two nndertaklnifs eaeh
i Jrty hms In the field separate Gen
erals, under Commanders-m-Chlef inde
pendent of each ether, although always
oo-operatlnir. In this areat strugsle one
la as Important a factor as the other,
fnr ths captors, of ths Whits House,
without that of ths Federal Oipitol
alnnit with It, would bs a hollow victory,
yleldln but feeble power. With a Re
publican at ths wheel and a Democrat
at the throttle, or Tire versa, the ship
of stats would make small progress.
But in spite of tbelr equal Importance
the chairmen of National Committees
are always mnrs In ths Umellg-ht than
those of the Congressional Committees,
and thus, while a vast maorlty of news
paper readers ars familiar with Chair
men Hltchock and Mack. fw have heard
of Chairmen McKlnley and Uoyd. nor
could they Kuess which of ths latter Is
the Democrat.
Another William McKlnley.
The Republican Congressional chair
man is another 'William McKinley to
come out op ths Middle West and enter
upon the staae of the National political
drama. However, he writes bis name
with the middle Initial "B." He was
ervlnc; only his second term in the
House of Representatives when chosen
this Summer to succeed James S. Sher
man as Congressional chairman, after
the latter had received the vice-Presidential
nomination. This was a (Treat
compliment to Representative McKlnley's
executive abilttr, for Sherman himself
had had 19 years' experience in Con
gress when chosen for the same respon
sible position. James Tlghlman Lloyd
"Lloyd of Mlssosrl" this Summer suc
ceeded Representative Jim GrtKgs, of
Georgia, as Congressional chairman of
the Democrata.
So both of these rivals are new hands
at the chairmanship business, but Lloyd
has been In Congress eight year longer
than McKlnley. Both have stuck to the
states of their birth, and- they are of
about ths same age. . McKlnley E2, and
Lloyd 11 months younger; but while both
have been married an equal length of
time 57 years Lloyd has a good crop of
top and front hair to show for it, where
as McKlnley must now wear his face
a la Nick Longwortli. Lloyd taught
school, studied law and became County
Prosecutor, whil McKlnley clerked In
a store, then In a bank, and later be
came managing partner In a banking
and mortgage loan business. Then he
' built ths water works and an electric
light plant of his home town and next
It was a trolley line, and eventually more
water works, some lighting plants and
mors trolleys, until now he is at the
bead of 30 such enterprises.
Former Blacksmith Tlce-Chalrman.
The Republican army has commissioned
but ons Ueutenant-General the Demo
crats two ons representing the North
snd ths other ths South. Vice-Chairman
James Tawney of the Republicans
has been a member of Congress from
Minnesota sines 1393. He was born near
the battlefield of Gettysburg, and was
eight years old when the battle was
waged there. After the war he became
a blacksmith and machinist and went
west to Minnesota when 22
He studied law at the forge, and was
admitted to the bar when -7, and was
married tht year following; but as soon
as he had earned enough at his profes
sion hs entered the University of Wis
consin to get a mora thorough knowl
edge of the law. It Is a knowing youth
who knows how Utile he knows. A few
years later he was elected to the State
Senate, whence he came to Congress at
the beginning of Cleveland's second ad
ministration, having been re-elected ta
all subsequent Congresses. He was vice
chairman also during the Congressional
campaign of two years ago. and In 1S04
had charge of the Western speakers' bu
reau of the Republican National Com
mittee. Preacher's Hon and Bachelor.
Ths Tankee Ueutenant-General of the
Democratic Congressional forces Is an
Kplacopal preacher's son. and a bache
lor who can boast of four words In his
rame Daniel learned Davis Granger. He
was born In Providence, where he still
lives, and has been graduated at Brown
University, also at the Boston Univer
sity Law School. Soon after taking up
law he got into politics, and was twice
elected reading clerk of - the lower house
of his Legislature, then Ctty Treasurer
for 10 years and afterward Mayor of
Providence. He came to Congress four
years ago and was lately made Ameri
can vice-president of the Interparlia
mentary Union, the international asso
ciation of distinguished legislators which
is co-operating for arbitration and world
wide peace. He is president of the Rhode
Island Churchmen's Club and is on the
standing committee of his Episcopal
diocese. He Is 66 years old, or three
years the senior of Tawney.
The Southern LleutenantGneral Kf
the Democrats Is Representative David
Edward Flnley, of South Carolina, who
was born in Arkansas the year the war
broke out. He went through the public
schools and the South Carolina College
and got to the House of Representatives
of that state, where he was chairman of
ways and means when still In his twen
ties. When but 31 he was promoted to
the State Senate, where he became
chairman of finance. He was elected to
Congress while In his thirties and has
remained there nine years. He Is now 47.
nine years the Junior of Tawney and six
years younger than Granger.
Tho Secretaries.
The aids-de-camp of the Republican and
Democratic commander-in-chief ere Rep
resentatives Loudenslager, of New Jersey,
and Clark of Florida. Secretary Louden
slager Henry C. was born and reared in
Jersey and was In the commission busi
ness for ten years and then county Clerk
for ten years more, or until he was
chosen for Congress at the time Cleve
land was elected the second time, in 1892.
He has been In the House ever since
and has the reputation of knowing more
politicians than any other Republican In
the House. He Is therefore a valuable
secretary to the Republican committee,
as is Representative Frank Clark, of
Florida, to the Democratic organization.
Clark was born in Alabama 48 years ago,
but was taken when a child to Georgia,
whence he went to Florida to practice
law. Before coming to Congress, three
years ago, he served three terms in the
Florida Legislature, was Assistant Dis
trict Attorney, United States Attorney
and chairman of the state committee of
his party. He Is a typical southern poli
tician In appearance, being smooth
shaven and wearing his hair long. In
religion he Is a Missionary Baptist.
Thus, you see, all of these officers of
the two Congressional committees are
Representatives. The Republican com
mittee has gone outside the National
House, however, for Its treasurer,
Charles O. Dawes, of Illinois, who was
McKlnley's Controller of the Currency,
and who Is now president of a trust com
pany In Chicago. The Democratic com
mlttee has no regular treasurer, but their
campaign contributions are handled by a
finance committee headed by Representa
tive Flood, of Virginia Henry Delaware
Flood.
Their Problem Different.
These two committees, charged with
obtaining for their respective parties a
majority In Congress, are alike com
posed of one Congressman from each
state. They have a campaign on band
every two years and therefore twice aa
often as the National committees charged
with electing a President. Each has Its
Independent literary bureau and speakers'
bureau and ths work of each will be sup
plemented by that of district Congres
sional committees scattered throughout
the states. While Chairmen Hitchcock
and Mack ars at it, hammer and tongs.
.VICE GHAIEMAN
striving to carry the . states, each of
which goes one 'way or the other and
chooses its solid quota of electors. Chair
men McKlnley and Lloyd are contesting
for the Individual congressional districts,
one by one; for a state may go solidly
Republican for President, yet send more
Democrats than Republicans to Congress
and. as intimated above, a Republican
President may be hampered by a Demo
cratic Congress.
Presidents With Opposing; Con
gresses. 3ix Presidents have had to put up with
this drawback since the Civil War, al
though the Republican Presidents have
had the good fortune to have both houses
of Congress always on their side since
Cleveland's last term. Grant, In the last
half of his second term, had to contend
with a House that was Democratic by
SL although the Senate was Republican
by 14. Hayes had to put up with Demo
cratic majorities in both Senate and
House In the two Congresses of his term,
while Arthur in the first half of his ad
ministration was kept on the anxious
bench by Independents who held the
balance of power in both Senate and
House. The Senate stood 37 Republicans
to 38 Democrats, but David Davis, of
Illinois, the only independent member,
who became President pro tempore, was
able to make a tie by voting with ths
Republicans.
In the House the Republicans had eight
more votes than the Democrats, but there
were ten greenbackers who had the bal
ance of power. In the second half of
his term Arthur had with him a Senate
that was Republican by four, not count
ing the two "readjusters" from Virginia,
who voted with his party. But the House
was Democratic by 74, and Carlisle was
Speaker. Cleveland found a Republican
majority of eight in the Senate when he
first entered the White House and sent
in his appointments for confirmation.
But his party had a majority of 84 in the
House. A Republican Senate was still a
thorn In the side during the second half
of his first term, although the majority
was only two. Carlisle was still Speaker,
but the Democratic majority In the House
had dwindled to 15.
The Crumb In Harrison's Bed.
A worse crumb was in Harrison s bed
during the second half of his term.
The Senate was Republican by eight
votes, but the House Democratic by
148, and Harrison had to be beholden
to Speaker Crisp for the money to run
tho Government. Then, finally, Cleve
land had a still worse dose to swallow
in the second half of his last adminis
tration, both Senate and House against
him, the House Republican by 142,
with Reed In the chair, gloating- over
the Democrats, but the Senate with
only three more Republicans than
Democrats, and, worse and more of it,
four independents holding the balance
of power three Populists and one sll
verlte. What Each Chairman Strives For.
That Taft, If elected, will have to
carry no such kettle of fish is the look
out of Chairman McKlnley, while
Chairman Lloyd Is as earnestly striv
ing; to give Bryan a Democratic Con
gress in the event that be is elected, or
to at least hamper Taft witu an oppos
ing Congress. At the same time each
chairman will try to keep independents
from gaining the balance of power in
either bouse. The fate of every can
didate for Congress is dependent 4n
some measure upon ths executive abil
ity, tact and Industry of the chairman
of his party's Congressional committee.
Hs must be acquainted with conditions
in every Congresisonal district the
strength of his candidate there and the
power of the opposition. He. must bs
Judicious In distributing; his campaign
fund where it can avail most and must
assign ths greatest spellbinders of bis
party to the doubtful Instead of the
hopeless or sure Congressional dis
tricts. Thus Congressional Chairman
Babcock In 1904 sent Speaker Cannon J
on a strenuous tour through no less
than 50 doubtful districts. As soon as
one chairman sends such an orator into
the land of doubt the other strives to
counteract the move by dispatching a
spellbinder of equal or greater caliber
over the same trail.-
To aspirants a seat In Congress
looms up bigger in this Congressional
campaign than It did In ths last. Ths
salary, for either Representative or
Senator, ft a half again aa large as
that promised two years ago. Then It
was $416.66 per month. $13.70 a day;
now it is bZ6 per month. $20.56 a day,
$7600 per year. Instead of $6000,
which Is not to be sniffed at when It Is
considered that the recipient Is taken
away rfom home but three months in
one year and six months in the other
and that he can continue his private
business the while. The perquisites
remain the same $1200 a year for a
private secretary, $120 for stationery
and also seeds, books and charts ga
lore to send to constituents, not to
mention free barber shops and free
Turkish baths for one s self In the
basement of that beautifully equipped
clubhouse, the United States Capitol.
Farh Representative now has. rent
free, a modern office, with all modern
conveniences. In a large white marble
building connected by subway with the
House wing of the Capitol, whereas
two years ago Representatives not
chairmen of committees had to rent
their own offices -when they wished
them.
The Congress elected this Fall will,
when it takes its seat, find a similar
office building ready for the Senate,
and thus Uncle Sam has provided his
legislators as well as his Chief Execu
tive with accommodations as decent as
those which they would expect from a
private employer.
Members of Congress elected next
month will commence to receive their
pay March 4 next, but unless there Is a
special session they will not take their
seats until a year from next December.
Washington, D. C October 10.
AMBULANCE FOR DRUNKS
Salvation Army of Cleveland Institutes Keller for Inebriates.
THE first of its kind in America an
ambulance for drunkards and those
injured In drunken brawls, in charge of
a corps from . the Salvation Army,
trained in rendering first aid to the In
jured, now patrols the saloon and ten
derloin districts of Cleveland in the late
hours of the night.
In Berlin, Germany, corps of trained
workers have done similar work, but
without the aid of an ambulance. Some
of the members of the Cleveland corps
who are Introducing the work in this
country are themselves Germans and
have hRd practical experience in their
own country along this line. The ad
dition ot the ambulance they say is a
decided help.
The new plan Is attractlng-much atten
tion in Cleveland and Is bringing nota
ble results. Members of the corps wear
the button of the National First Aid to
the Injured Association of America, of
which Clara Barton is president. Each
one has made a study of rendering first
aid to the Injured in accordance with
medical science.
Each mem,ber of the corps is also
equipped with a shrill whistle attached
to the front of the coat or dress. The
workers, going In companies of two or
three into the notorious districts,' leave
the ambulance standing in charge, of
one of the number at some central point
on ths street, and when they find some
one who needs help, one blows his whis
tle and the ambulance comes. Each
member also has the red cross upon his
sleeves, and one In each det,atchment
of ths workers carries a lantern.
Men found in saloons who are so drunk
that they are to ali appearances par
alysed are picked up on a stretcher and
taken to a Salvation Army shelter. When
next day they become sober they are
given good advice and sent to their
homes, if they have homes and employ
ment. If not, they are offered work and
food and shelter. All are invited to at
tend the religious meetings and urged
to start life anew. Also In the tender
loin girls are found drunk or helpless
from being drugged perhaps. These
girls are taken to. the rescue home of
the Salvation Army.
The work of the new ambulance and
corps of rescue workers has been In
progress but a few weeks, but In that
time 2 streets have been patroled, 145,
saloons have been visited and 2600 tracts
have been distributed. Sometimes the
corps continues its work until A. M.
Definite results and Instances of per
manent good are being chronicled right
along. One man. for 20 years a drunk
ard Is now reformed and working In
the army. The first night's tour re
sulted in finding a woman in a concert
hall in an epileptic fit, brought on by
drink, and later a man lying helpless
In an alley. The woman was taken to
one of the hospitals of the city. The
man was placed in a bed at the Salva
tion Army citadel, where two members
of the corps remained to care for him.
Grocer After "Dead Beats."
Philadelphia North American.
Householders in the vicinity of Twenty-first
and Master streets are slttln up
nights watching the show windows of
Carter's grocery store, on the northeast
corner of those streets. Carter has a
sign announcing that he will placard the
window next week with the names and
addresses of the "dead beats." as he calls
them, who have owed hira grocery bills
for 60 days or more. Some of those who
buy at his store are wondering if lie
means what he says.
Carter insists that he certainly does,
yesterday he posted a supplementary
notice In his window which was labeled
"Last Call!" Here's what the placard
says:
"I am about to put here the names and
addresses of every 'dead beat' who has
traded at my store and who still owes a
bill over 60 days. Those wishing to avoid
disgrace better call and settle at once."
Julius Caesars' Estate $6675.
Tit-Bits.
Julius Caesar left an estate in England
valued at $6675. He was a chemist carry
ing on business in London. His ancestor,
Caesar Adelmare, an Italian doctor, at
tended Queen Mary and was paid the
record fee of $600. She styled him her
Julius Caesar. This name he begged her
to authorise him to use and she granted
him letters of naturalization. The Italian
doctor's son became Sir Julius Caesar and
was a prominent physician In his day.
Many of his family bearing the name
have been doctors and surgeons of distinction.