The Sunday Oregonian., July 26, 1908, Magazine Section, Page 8, Image 52

8
THE STJDAY OREGOXIAX. PORTLAND, JULY 26, 1908.
J IK
0
It-ST
FRANK G. C&RPENTtm
VISITS GEIAVE OF THE
AFRICAN COLOSSUS IM
THE MOXQ&Or HILLS'.
BV FRANK O. CARPENTER.
PLYIXG for 60 miles over Matabele
land in an aufomobile.
Racing at 25 miles an hour over
tha veldt on roads, so muddy that the
wheels often spin around without
catching:.
Dashing on through streams where
the water splashes high into the -air.
and crossing ditches where the ma
chine goes up and down with a jump.
Now honking by swamps, frightening
the great black and white herons which
live there; now racing with antelopes
over the plains and now rushing by
Matabele kraals where the natives
come out and gaze at us In their half
naked wonder.
These are some of the incidents of a
ride I took yesterday from here to the
Matopos Hills to visit the grave of
'Cecil Rhpdes.
Across Matabeleland.
i The treat African statesman lies
buried in low mountains far off from
en; human settlement. He selected as
his tomb a formation fitted for the
frrave of a god, and the way to it takes
one for SO miles through a fertile val
ley, tho most of which Is comprised in
a great estate which Mr. Rhodes owned
and which is still held in his name.
It was up this valley we went on
our way to the tomb. The country is
but littlo different now from what it
was when David Livingstone, the great
African explorer, first announced its
existence to white men. It consists of
a veldt which stretches on and on as
far as the eye can reach. The most of
It is covered with grass, as green as
that which borders Victoria Nyanza,
spotted nere and there with a scanty
growth of thorny brush. There are
many native villages along the road
to the tomb, and all the way out on
the veldt are patches of cultivated
lands. These are the farms of the
natives. Some are not as big as a bed
quilt, and the largest contains only
four or five acres. They are planted
' to millet and Indian corn. They have
no fences around them and they stand
right out in the wilds.
Cecil Rhodes gave directions that the
natives should have free any of his
unused lands, and they are charged no
more now than when the whole country
belonged to them.
Among the Matabeles.
I shall write more of the Matabeles
In the future. I had a good chance to
see them during this ride. Their
kraals are scattered over the country
and in nearly every corn patch the
women were working. The hard labor
of these people is done by. the women.
We saw many girls who were hoeing
corn. They were naked to the waist and
the white sweat drops stood out like
pearls on their brown skins as they bent
low and chopped out the weeds. In some
of the fields there were men, but they
wore mostly smoking nn'd watching the
women to keep thorn up to their work.
A few of these lords of creation were clad
In cavt-off European clothing, but some
were absolutely nude, save for a littlo
skin apron tied around the waist. Tho
aprons are not much bigger than a
lady's handkerchief. They are made of
' oeer or calfskin with the hair on, and
are quite ornamental. My chauffeur told
me that the women were the wives of the
' watchers, and the latter were out in
the fields to see that their ladles did not
loaf on the job. Many of the Matabeles
have two or three wives, and there are
sojne "trust magnates' who have 20 or
so. Women here are a sign of wealth,
m1 the more a m.:n owns the richer
he is.
In the Native Kraals.
We stopped now and then to visit some
of the native villages, many of which
are found not far from the roadway.
They are fair types of the thousands
which are scattered over this country.
Let me describe one. It consists of a
dozen or so huts, surrounded by a wall
made of limbs of trees tied together and
looking not unlike one of the stump
fences of Northern New York. Inside
this wall there Is another shutting off a
BUILDING THE SEA'S GREATEST SHIP
White Star Liner Olympic, Fifty Feet Longer Than the Lusitania and Costing $7,500,000.
THE Olympic will probably be the
name of the new White Star liner
to be bnilr Rf RelfARt. Thin vpssol
Is likely to be SID feet long, as against
the 790 feet of the Lusitania and the
Mauretania.
How will this mammoth undertaking,
far exceeding as it does in multiplicity
of detail the building of the greatest of
New York's gigantic skyscrapers, be car
ried out? ,
To the skilled end experienced ship-
builders the task is simplicity Itself, for
one vessel is more or less a replica of
the other, each succeeding ship being but
n Improvement on its predecessor, al
though as to tonnage it may be consider
ably larger.
The building of a modern liner pro
ceeds on scientific and well-defined lines.
Given a general Idea of the dimensions
and carrying capacity of the vessel to be
laid down, designs are prepared by
draughtsmen skilled in marine architec
ture, in a well-lighted, spacious drawing
offlce.
from these a working mahogany model
Is made, about six or- eight feet In
length, only one-half the ship being repre
sented longitudinally. On this model Is
carefully marked and numbered in al
most microscopic figures every plate and
rivet in the prospective ship's side.
Then In the molding loft, an Immense
quadrilateral room In the form of a paral
lelogram, each section of the vessel is
drawn to actual size.
Meanwhile, from the designs, the steel
plates and other material for the keel
(the length of which has already been
decided upon) and the frames and plates
British manufacture are in course of
preparation that is, bent, punched, etc
In the various workshops in the ship
yard. In carrying out this task the
greatest care Is taken to see that each
frame bid plate on the starboard side
of the ship corresponds exactly In size,
weight and proper curve with its fellow
on the port side, says a. writer in the
London Daily Mall.
As the material for the keel is got
ready It is conveyed on bogies to the
fcullding slip, where before being placed
In position It is roughly pieced together
until the whole length is thus laid out.
Then, under the supervision of a sub
manager, or head foreman, it Is, piece by
piece, placed in position. It must, how
ever, before anything else is done, be
wiada absolutely as horizontal as a bil
space in which the sheep and goats are
kept at night, and outside the latter are
the homes of the people. These are cir
cular mud huts, with walls about five
feet high and thatched roofs which slope
upward in the form of a cone. Each
hut has a door at the front and this is
the only way into the average home. Let
us enter. The floor is plastered with ce
ment made of native mud. It is as
smooth as a schoolboy's slate, except at.
tne center, wnere a nole as Dig as a peck:
measure has tl.n cut out for the Are.
The cooking is all done over that hole,
the clay pots resting upon the coals In
side It. In a few huts Iron kettles are
used, but, as in the past, most of the
cooking Is done in rude jars of clay:
made by the natives. In oe hut that
entered I saw green corn boiling, and ifi
another a half-naked women was roast1
ing locusts, while her family squatted
about and smacked their Hps, awaiting
the feast. Very few of the huts are
more than 10 feet in diameter and soma
are much less.
Oom Jaahitn and Cecil J. Rhodes.
One of the villages we visited was that
of a famous native chief, who led in the
rebellion which resulted in the loss- of
Matabeleland to the natives. This was
Oom Jaahn. He Is now an old man, but
still has a great respect for the man
who conquered him. Indeed, he is so
afraid of Cecil Rhodes' ghost that he
will not go to his grave for- fear his
spirit may be hovering about it. Not
long ago the manager of the Rhodes es
tate here told Oom Jaahn that he would
give him a horse and a new saddle and
bridle It he would travel over the 20
miles between here and the Matapos hills
and. look at the Rhodes monument. The
man replied that he did not want Cecil
Rhodes to haunt him for the rest of his
life and that he believed it was best to
let dead men lie. Nevertheless Oom
Jaahn was a famous warrior, and during
his prime was much feared. He fought
well, but he gradually came to respect
the English soldiers, who conquered him.
A short time ago he was asked what he
thought of Cecil J. Rhodes and his troops.
He reDlied:
"Those men were men."
After this he stopped a moment and
proceeded :
"Those men were men of men. And,"
he concluded, "their fathers were men
before them."
Cecil Rhodes' Big Rhodesian Farm.
About 17 miles from Bulawayo we
found ourselves in the heart of a big
farm established by Cecil J. Rhodes. He
bought up nearly all the land between
Bulawayo and the Matopos hills. Includ
ing a strip 30 or 30 miles long, embrac
ing a number of rich valleys, or, rather,
depressions in the hills. He built a dam
holding l.OOO.ono gallons of water to irri
gate a part of this tract, and so arranged
the lands about this that they form one I
liard table,, and as no spirit-level can be
constructed large enough for the purpose,
the object arrived at Is achieved in a very
simple way.
A number of what are called sight
sticks, each having a small hole in tha
center, are placed at certain distances
apart along the whole surface of the keel.
and just outside the far end a small
blink of light Is shown. The task set the
workman is to see the light through all
the holes in these sticks. When this can
be done it is taken for granted the keel
has been evenly laid.
The riveting of the steel-frame ribs to
the keel follows, and when these have all
been placed in position and stayed by
cross-girders, the platers and their as
sistants commence the work of building
up the ship's sides.
As the job progresses, the men working
in squads, scaffolding is erected, the lat
ter being attached to the immense pine
poles which may be observed standing
forest-like the whole length of the build-,
lng berth.
The construction of the cellular double
bottom and the various bulkhead divisions
Is meanwhile proceeding apace. Last of
all, the deck plates are riveted on, while
such deck structures as are to be added
before the launching operation are rough
ly finished off.
Up till some 12 or 15 years ago the rivet
ing work was all done by hand, but In the
case of the very large steamers it is
chiefly done by electric power through
the medium of huge hydraulic gantries,
owing to the heavy work involved.
When the giant vessel is nearing com
pletion the scaffolding is removed and
the date of the launch fixed upon. This
Is generally some week-end day when
there Is a high tide
First of all, the great hull Is secured In
position by the introduction of Immense
beds of wood and heavy shores, tightly
wedged under the bottom of the structure.
There are, of course, no hydraulic jacks
in the world which would be of any use
for so gigantic an operation, as the en
tire weight of the ship must be lifted In
order to enable the work at the launch
ways to be carried out.
It Is an Interesting spectacle to witness
the driving in of the shores. This is done
by a body of some 200 or 300 men on each
side of the ship. At a signal from a fore
man stationed at the bow, who blows a
whistle, each workman strikes his wedge
at the same instant, and the heavy mal
lets are smartly wielded to and fro with
military precision. It is only by adopt
r-r' i' ' "t... "' ' ' -T . . J . :: : ; " ; s . -
r j
O OH THE VLERY oUMMIT, -AMID GREAT T30UixDI2 ,!EHE TOMB OF
s;: ' CECIL 3-HODHS
of the paying parts of his estate. There
is a tenant In charge of them who keeps
700 acres in crops of various kinds, and
I understand that he is now raising two
crops of corn a year. In addition there
are tens of thousands of acres of pas
ture, and a part of thia is now devoted
to ostriches, a part to cattle and other
parts to game. There are even wild os
triches on the property, but, by Rhodes'
decrees, no shooting can be done upon it.
How Rhodes I4ved.
This farm was one of the favorite
homes of the great white African king,
and during my trip I had a chance to see
the palace which formed his home upon
it. The word palace is Ironical. Cecil
J. Rhodes, although he was worth mil
lions, was more fond of the simple life
that Wagner, himself. One of his resi
dences was the government house at Bul
uwayo, which had every comfort that
money could buy, but his favorite home
was a native hut. He had such a hut
outside the government house, and often
left the latter to sleep under the thatch.
Out here on the farm he had three
huts, and In these he spent weeks and
months at a time. One hut was his bed
room, and another his kitchen, and the
third might be called his drawing or
living-room. They are all still standing.
His living-room is open on all sides, and
consists, of merely a thatched roof upheld
by posts covering a space about 40 feet
square. Its walls consist of screens of
matting which may be rolled up and down
to shut out the wind. When Cecil
Rhodes was here they were usually up;
and,, as the huts stand upon a hill he
had a magnificent view on all sides. He
could look over the rich valley in one
direction, and away off at the other see
these mighty hills among which he loved
ing an orderly method of this kind that
the task can be satisfactorily carried out.
The launchways of the ship are con
structed of two pieces, known respectively
as the "lying ways" and the "launching
ways" (see illustration). The lying ways
are laid on logs at a proper height from
the ground. After these have been set
and adjusted to the right gradient, the
running ways are put on.
The latter are then lifted a height of
from three to six inches, and tallow and
fish-oil soap, both of a special quality for
the purpose, are run .on in a liquid state
and allowed to solidify. After this, the
running ways are lowered, and wedge
blocks or pieces of logs are driven in
between them and the ship's bottom.
When launched, the vessel carries down
the running ways with the wedge blocks
and these may be seen floating about
after the ship has entered the water.
The lying, ways remain stationary in the
yard.
To prevent the lying, and running ways
dividing before the launch, there is a
ribbon or side-piece, attaching the two
together.
The ways are usually made of Ameri
can oak. It being necessary to employ
wood of a very bard description, and
their weight runs from about eight to
15 tons each.
The last step to be taken before carry
ing out the launch, is the removal of
the keel blocks, shores, bilge blocks and
other supports. The vessel then sits
on the two launching ways, being held
solely by the hydraulic trigger, the bot
tom portion of which Is worked up in the
construction of the lying way, while the
top of the trigger is let into the running
way. When the water is relieved from
the hydraulic cylinders, the weight of the
ship on the trigger tumbles it over, and
allows the ship to glide off stern fore
most. ,
The motion is, at first, almost Impercep
tible, but, gathering momentum,- the pace
becomes each moment more rapid until
in about 46 seconds the bow dips, and
by the aid of festoons of heavy chains
and anchors let go at that moment, the
craft Is safely brought up, in nearly every
Instance, within her own length.
A couple of tugs in waiting bring the
newly-launched ship to a powerful crane
on an adjoining wharf, where her boilers.
machinery, etc., which have been In pre
paration in the engine and boiler works
while the hull was being constructed, are
placed on board, and being subsequently
towed to a fitting-out wharf, the leviathan
0Xi K-tiOIXES
TTt7TlT- '
to wander and where he directed his rest
ing place should be. Right under the hill
there is an orchard of peaches, pears, ap
ples and apricots, now in bearing, which
was. set out under Mr. Rhodes' direction,
and looking over the valley one now
sees the rich fields of corn which, his im
agination planned.
A Lover of Solitude.
I am told that Cecil Rhodes liked to be
alone. While at the government house
he was overrun with callers. When he
came here to the farm those who wished
to see him had to drive 18 miles out and
then 18 miles back before they reached
a hotel. If they wanted to stay they
had to sleep In the open, for the huts
were only large enough for Mr. Rhodes
himself. Later on he built a hotel about
three miles distant In order that hS
might have a place to entertain such
guests as he chose. This hotel is now
used by visitors as a lunching place on
their way to the tomb.
I am told that Mr. Rhodes would go
off and spend days by himself In the Ma
topos hills. He would take books along
and camp out. At one time he wandered
up to the place where his remains now
He and got lost. It was some time be
fore a native appeared and showed him
the way out. In describing the place
to the Matabeles he was told that the hill
on which he was lost was known among
them as the "mountain of the friendly
spirit."
The Rhodes Zoological Park.
Leaving the farm, we passed through
the great park and gardens which Mr.
Rhodes left in his will as a resort for
the people of Bulawayo. They lie be-
undergoes all the necessary finishing
touches.
When everything is complete, the vessel
enters dry dock i. e., a dock from which
kihe water is pumped out, and which is
then hermetically sealed by immense cais
sons; here her bottom plates are cleared
of barnacles, and her sides receive a
fresh coat of paint. Almost three days
afterwards she is again floated out of
dock, to proceed on her trial trip, during
which compasses are adjusted and ma
chinery trials entered upon.
But to build a giant liner of the dimen
sions proposed in the new 50,000-ton ocean
monster for the White Star line, some-
.thing out of the common in regard to up-
to-date machinery and appliances has had
to be requisitioned by the builders.
Three large building slips, each capable
of accommodating a 25, 000-ton liner, have
had to be converted into two, so as to
give the necessary space; a large floating
crane, capable of raising at one lift a.
load of 200 tons, and a gigantic American
crane of the very latest design, built
on six pillars, each 175 feet high, are
at the moment In course of construction.
In the latter there will be combined a
mammoth traveling crane on the canti
lever principle, for lifting and carrying
heavy plates and girders, and a hydraulic
apparatus for riveting and other purposes.
The magnitude of this latter undertaking
may be judged from the fact that Messrs.
Arrol's contract alone is 140.000.
The cost of the new vessel. Including
the gorgeous internal fittings, which will
transform this great twentieth-century
wonder into a veritable Aladdin'a palace,
may be anywhere from 1,200,000 to
1,500.000.
At first the number of men employed In
its construction will be comparatively
small, but as the work proceeds the num
ber will be increased, .until, just before
completion, fully 3500 hands, each at his
own specially alloted task, will be en
gaged in the finishing process, an intelli
gent foreman being lr charge of each
squad, while a sub-manager in turn su
pervises each department of the work.
As a general rule, a vessel of 26,000 tons
takes about 2b months to complete, but by
putting on additional men the new le
viathan, the keel of which will probably
be laid In three months' time, will- be
completed ty the late Autumn o( 1910,
being a trifle over two years in building.
It is just likely the Olympic If it is
decided to give the giant liner that name
will be propelled by four screws, two
driven by high-pressure, quadruple-expansion
reciprocating engines and two by
low-pressure turbines: but it is not in
tended that the speed shall exceed 21
knots per hour.
Pawnbrokers in Peking- having refused to
reduce their 50-cent rate of Interest, the
municipal board, has opened official pawn
shops, charging only 13 per cent.
tween.the farm and the hills and com
prise a part of the latter. The park
covers 18,000 a cres, and there are 15
mnes of roads through it, all planted
with avenues of quick-growing trees.
More than 30,000 specimens of plants
are cultivated here, and there is also
a large nursery devoted to the de
velopment of the forest.
The zoological, garden Is inside a
fence four miles long. It includes every
kind of animal that will live in Africa,
with the exception of the beasts of
prey, such as lions and leopards. There
are giraffes, antelopes, elands . and
zebras everywhere to be seen. The ani
mals are not afraid, for no shooting is
allowed in the vicinity, and they are
permitted to live as far as possible in
a state of nature.
The Matopos Hills.
I wish I could describe for you these
mighty hills which Cecil Rhodes chose
as his last resting place. They are
ROASTING BEEF BY DIRECT GAS FLAME
New Method, Said to Give Perfect Results In Toothsomeness and to Save Fuel.
mjt revival of real roast beef Is In prog-
ress and those men who mournfully
declare that the right kind of roast
beef is almost unknown on Tnited States
dinner tables may take courage, and
also notice, for not even the English roast
beef tradition had so fine a flavor or
emerged from the oven so rich In juices
as the meat cooked In the newest way,
says the Chicago Tribune. .
And one doesn't have to buy enough
meat to last an average census family
a week, either, In order to be sure of such
beef. It Is due entirely to improved
practice in the application of direct heat
to the meat.
The average . family roast of beef
throughout the country is about six
pounds, more often a shade under than
over. When a woman becomes skillful
enough to roast meat so that the fiber
looks red when a slice is removed, yet
when the carving knife is pressed
against the meat and scraped across, the
piece carved from the fiber turns tho
palest shade of gray, while the blood sim
ply flows after the knife and not one tea
spoonful of the juice has escaped into the
pan during the cooking. It comes pretty
near the perfection of a cooking process.
Of course, it may be cooked as much less
as desired, but always the juice to the
last drop may be retained.
Incidentally, when every housekeeper
moans over the high price of beef, this
real roast beef cooking, which will be
taught in a couple of hundred cities and
towns during the coming season of free
cooking lectures, .Is all in the interest of
economy.
The great trouble with roast beef is
that few women know how to give a fine
bit of roasting beef even respectful han
dling. It is salted and peppered and
floured and water Is put Into the roast
ing pan. all to make it nice. Not one of
these things Is done under the new rules,
yet the meat will be so tasty that ft is al
most possible to eat It without salting.
Another argument in favor of the new
rules is that the loss of weight in cooking
by the older methods reaches one-quarter
of what goes into the ovens. The prog
ress of appliances Intended for cooking
by gas reduced this loss to about one
fifth. The newest, rules reduce it to one
eighth and further provide this loss shall
be all fat. In fact, what a man pays the
butcher for. he gets when it reaches the
table. -
The' only consideration as to time re
nothing like any range I have seen
elsewhere. They rise up out of the
African veldt in the shape of great
masses of granite, ground smooth by
the glaciers of a million odd years ago.
They are 6i miles long and from ten
to 20 miles wide, and they wind tneir
way in and out over the plain, look
ing as though they might have been
thrown up by volcanoes. In some
places they remind me of the Saxon
Switzerland, and in others of the "Gar
den of the Gods" on the edge of the
Rockies in Colorado. Upon many of
them are boulders piled one upon an
other. And such boulders. You will
find nothing like them in any other
part of the world. You have seen peb
bles so worn by the waters that they
are as round as marbles and as smooth.
On these Matopos hills there are boul
ders as big as a haystack lying on
these granite rocks which are as
smooth as the pebbles. The rocks up
on which they lie are smooth. In
places they made me think that they
might be great wens on the bald head
of old Motner Earth, which is here
pushing itself toward the sky.
A Great Glacial Garden.
Indeed, the whole range is one
mighty glacial garden. The hills,
where I visited them, are about 11
miles' wide, and all are scarred and
worn,-with these mighty boulders ly
ing here and there upon them. In
some .places the rocks are piled up
like a fortification, being as evenly
laid as though the gods had been the
masons and had hero worked at their
trade. Some of the rocks are beauti
fully colored, and their hues change
as the sun moves over them.' Some
contain caves, and in- these caves the
natives of generations ago have
:
.V'vr-ili
painted pictures which are now the
wonder of the archeologists.
The hills contain beautiful valleys.
Cascades flow down them and springs
here and there gush forth, reminding
one of the living water which spouted
when Moses smote the rock.
Cecil Rhodes' Tomb.
We drove the automobile right into
the hills and wound cur way among
the boulders to the foot of the rocky
mass which the great African hero
chose as his last resting place. It is
more than a mile In length, and it
rises above the valley for hundreds of
feet. Like all the hills, it is composed
of red granite and Is is ground as
smooth as a floor. With staff in hand
I climbed up. bending half double In
places and setting my feet flat for fear
I might slip. The view broadened at
every step, until at last on the top I
was far above the Matopos hills, which
extended up and down the country as
quired concerns the thickness of the piece
to be roasted. Up to seven inches this
method may be used, even to nine, but
not if the latter is to be cooked medium,
only In case the meat Is to be rare. '
The Idea is especially Intended for
average family use, but a piece of beef
25 pounds in weight and six inches thick
may be roasted as quickly as six pounds
of the same thickness. A small roast
may be done to perfection in this way
also.
Brides and heads of small families often
regard roast beef with horror, having
left over dishes In mind. It has hitherto
been considered essential to juicy roast
beef to buy a large piece, but in the new
manner even a four-pound roast can be
turned out with the desired Juice and
flavor.
To be sure of this perfection of roast
beef the roast should be regarded well in
buying. If it is to be boned and rolled,
be sure the fastenings, whether skewers
or threads, which hold it are loosened.
Butchers firmly believe they can't roll
such roasts tight enough to suit house
keepers. If such a roast Is too tightly rolled, the
ends of the meat swell out, pushing the
best portion of the meat up into a hump
at either end. This slices badly and pre
vents it from standing as it should on
the platter.
Moreover, this tight rolling prevents the
heat from penetrating to the Interior of
the meat to reach the bunch of ends
which the butcher pokes Into the center
of the roast with the loose scraps. When
the meat is carved, out rolls this bunch
of purplish red fiber, often stone cold.
When the roast Is not rolled too tightly,
the heat penetrates more easily to the
inner portions of the piece.
For a small family it is well to find a
butcher who carries some small animals.
Then, if you really; want your money's
worth, get this butcher to save for you
the first porterhouse cut of two ribs.
The designation of such a cut varies in
different parts of the country.
With the first rib there should be no
tenderloin, and only a little on the outer
end of the second. But you will And many
persons deliberately selecting the sirloin
side of the bone and taking the filet to
be used as such or in various special
dishes.
If tt is Impossible to get this first cut,
often termed a Delmonlco cut, and the
roast which you get must carry tender
loin with it, order a heavier roast, have
far as my eyes could reach. On tha
summit the rock is smooth, forming
a level space, " which covers
perhaps a quarter of an acre. About
this space He a score of the mighty
boulders I have described, so placed by
nature that they seem to guard it.
Right in the center of this space, on
the very summit, is the tomb of Rhodes.
It "Is the rock itself. The grave was
gouged out by mallet and chisel, and the
granite was so hard that it required the
masons 10 days to do the work. There
was no blasting for fear that it might
rrack the rock, but the square hole was
dug out bit by bit until It was deep
tnough to hold the coffin. This was then
covered with cement and a granite slao
placed oyer it, the whole being hermeti
cally sealed. Upon the top of the slab
there Is now a bronze plate three feet
wide and five feet long, and upon it are
engraved the simple words which Mr.
Rhodes ordered for the monument.. They
are:
'Here lie the Remains of Cecil John
Rhodes."
There Is no date of birth or. death nor
any Inscription mentioning the wonderful
vork that Rhodes did for South Africa
and Great Britain. The very simplicity
of the monument adds to its grandeur,
and the fact that it lies out here in
the open, In the wilds of the vast coun
try which he has given to the English
crown, seemed to me monument enough.
It was Impressive, and as I looked at
't I involuntarily took of! my hat, for
eemed- to be upon holy ground.
Guarded by the Matabeles.
As I climbed up the rocks and walked
ere and there about the grave I was
ollowed by two Matabele boys. They
made no noise as they slipped In their
bare feet around the mighty boulders
which guard the tomb, and it was only
when I changed my course that I was
able to see them. They were, I am
told, two of the guards which Oom
Jaahn, the chief of whom I have writ
ten, keeps always here to guard Rhodes'
tomb. They are replaced by others
from day to day, so tljat some are ever
present.
These guards say nothing to visi
tors, but any man who would dare
to cut his name upon the rocks or
mutilate the place would at once be
reported to the authorities at Bulawayo
and punished. At first Oom Jaahn
furnished the boys free of charge as a
tribute to the memory of Rhodes, af
ter a custom that the Matabeles have
of guarding their noted dead. After a
while, however, the Rhodes estate rec
ognized their value as a protection
against iconoclasts, and since then a
certain amount has been regularly paid
to the ebony watchers.
the tenderloin taken out and ask the
butcher to cut you one steak from the
sirloin side. Wrap the tenderloin in waxed
paper and it will keep 24 hours nicely for
some special dish.
These two cuts probably present as lit
tle chance for waste in cooking and serv
ing and handling as any beef used for
roasting, and thus they make up for the
increased cost over the cheaper rib cuts
with their pounds of fat and muscle and
rim, for which no one cares.
Wipe the roast with a damp cloth. Place
it in a small roasting pan, unless the
family demands a swimming pool of
brown gravy; in that case choose a larger
pan.
The direct flame of a gas oven is nec
essary for the process, and meantime any
vegetables may he boiled in the upper
oVen with the same heat, thus taking all
smell and steam of cooking out of the
kitchen and house.
Heat the broiling oven about half the
time usual for broiling. Put the roast
close under the flame and quickly sear it.
Turn it without sticking a fork into the
meat and sear the other end of the fiber.
If too heavy a crust is formed at this
time, the heat cannot so easily reach the.
. Inside of the meat, while the crust con
tinues to thicken and harden, also caus
ing waste. When the process is continued
with the top of a six-pound roast three or
four inches from the tips of the flame, the
best results are secured.
If the heat is not sufficient and a
white-lined pan is usad. the juice can ho
seen at once leaving the roast and ap
pearing as dark-brown matter in the fat
of the pan. The heat should be increased
if this is seen.
Turn the meat about every 12 minutes.
Tho thicker the piece the longer it will
require for cooking.
Put no salt or water with the meat. If
salt is insisted upon because of tradition,
it may be added when the roast is two
thirds done, as it can do little harm then.
The fat In the pan is so hot that it
keeps the Juices of the meat sealed In,
and the turning of the roast serves In
place of the basting on which so many
supposedly fine cooks lay stress. There
need be no smoke during the operation.
No salted or otherwise seasoned roast
beef can equal in flavor a roast so
cooked, in which every bit of Juice is re
tained. Some time somebody will put out an
oven just for roasting with these ideas
for foundation. That will mean a roast
beef revolution.