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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (June 2, 1907)
THE SUNDAY OREGOXIAX, PORTLAND, JUNE 2, 1907. 6 SUBSCRIPTION RATES. INVARIABLY IN ADVANCE. (By MniL) Pally, Sunday Included. on year $.00 Pally. Sunday Included, six months.... -3 Dally, Sunday Included, three months.. 2.2J Iatly, feunday Included, one month 73 rily, without Sunday, one year 6.00 ally, without Sunday, six months.... 3-SS5 Daily, without Sunday, three months. . 1-75 Dally, without Sunday, ona month SO Sunday, one year Weekly, one year (Issued Thursday).... 1 0 Sunday and Weekly, one year 3 BY CABBIES. Dally, Sunday Included, one year 900 Dallv. Sunday Included, one month 73 HOW TO REMIT Bend poatoltlce money order, express order or personal check on your local bank. Stamps, coin or currency are at the sender's risk. Glvs postofflce ad dress in full. Including county and state. POSTAGE RATES. Entered at Portland, Oregon. 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Norfolk, Va Jamestown Exposition News Stand: Potts ft Roeder; Schneider & Kaiser. Pine Beach, Ya. W. A. Cosgrove. PORTLAND, SUNDAY. JUNE 1. 1907. STATE AND NATION. Mr. 'William V. Rowe, an eminent cor poration lawyer of New York, has an article In the current North American Review on "National Tendencies and the Constitution." The tendencies which he has in mind are those which the people so plainly manifest to depend upon the National Government for reg ulation of all matters pertaining to the general welfare. In this Mr. Rowe sees no violation either of the spirit or let ter of the Constitution. From the prem ise that the Constitution was estab lished "to promote the general welfare and form a more perfect union," he concludes that whatever tends to the common good of the Nation Is a proper subject for National legislation; while the movement toward centralization seems to Mr. Rowe to be a necessary process in the formation of the "more perfect union" which the fathers de sired. The Federal Government, in his opinion, is one of "practically unlimited powers." Ho seems to discard alto gether the fetich of "delegated powers" which the Interests fall down and wor ship so ardently. By "delegated powers" our plutocratic expounders of the Constitution really mean "undulatory" or "shifting" pow ers; powers that are somewhere else whenever you want to use them. "When the Federal Government undertakes to remedy a piece of high-handedness the power to do it has flitted to the states. When the states attempt It the power has flitted back to Washington. Congress must make no laws to regu late predatory wealth because the right to do so has been reserved to the states. But let the states make laws for the same purpose ano it Is Invaria bly discovered that they conflict with some clause of the Federal Constitution. Thus by ingeniously manipulating the chimera of "state rights" and "delegat ed powers" the Interests have succeeded pretty well in escaping from all control. By playing off the states against the Nation and the Nation against the states they work their own will almost unhampered. Mr. Rowe sees the end of this beautiful game. "The people are determined," he says, "to protect them selves from depredations by wealth," and they choose the National Govern ment as the more efficient instrumen tality for their purpose. The state Idea is fading out of the popular conscious ness. State pride in its bad, narrow, provincial sense, is vanishing. The peo ple have learned to subordinate local to National ambitions, and, since the states can serve only local purposes, they tend to become more and more subsidiary to the Fecdral Government. For all except restricted domestic af fairs the Inefficiency of the state gov ernments has been demonstrated, Mr. Rowe thinks. He might well have add ed that even in local business their effi ciency has not been conspicuous. The number of State Legislatures which de vote themselves to the public good is ominously small. The rule Is that one branch, usually the so-called upper house, is the humble servant of inter ests which are hostile to the general welfare. The game Is commonly played as it was last Winter In the Oregon Legislature. Beneficial bills which orig inate in the lower house are smoth ered In the Senate. Whatever doctrin aires may say of It. our dual system of government has not worked well in practice and needs extensive changes before the people will be satisfied with It. It has been found impossible of adaptation to the changing conditions of modern life. One of the alterations which are certain to come about within a few years Mr. Rowe points out In his article: It is the Increase of the activ ity of the General Government. An- other, which he does not mention, is the assumption of governmental duties fllrectly by the people. The State Leg islatures, as agents of the popular will, have been proved by long and disas trous experience to be unfaithful serv ants. As a natural consequence the people are determined to dispense with them except In a limited field; and even In that field their activity, la becoming more and more subject to popular re view through the referendum. The principal purpose which the peo ple have determined to accomplish through their Federal Government at present is the "regulation of the ac quisition, use and transmission of wealth." So far as Mr. Rowe can see, the Constitution offers no obstacle to the complete fulfillment of their inten tion. He quotes John Marshall to the purport that "the powers of government are granted by the people and are to be exercised for their benefit," If they choose to grant more powers thay can do so and the method of the grant is immaterial. The important fact is the unmistakable popular desire. If they wished to use the state governments for these objects they could; but they do not wish it. f hey have found the state governments totally inadequate, hence they are "invariably turning to the Na tional Government"; and they have a perfect right to do so. All govern ments. Federal and local, being their paid agents for doing their work, they may impose such duties as they please upon each, and limit, or even discard, any of them. Mr. Rowe believes that the income and inheritance taxes are constitutional. He finds rate regulation entirely In harmony with our funda mental law. Of the idle legal quibble that the Interstate Railroad Commis sion is a legislative body and there fore unconstitutional he makes short work, as the common sense of the Na tion did long ago. In the taxing power Mr. Rowe sees an instrument through which the central, government may regulate,- coerce or even destroy recalci trant corporations. In this power, which has hitherto been used mainly to oppress the people, he perceives the unique instrument for the exercise of their sovereignty over the forces of op pression. ' THE DIGNITY OF LABOR. President Roosevelt says Americans do not understand what the "dignity of labor" means. He deplores our Na tional habit of looking upon manual labor as something to be escaped from Into medicine, law or theology. We praise it in words and detest it in fact. Other observers have said of America that nowhere else. In the world is manual labor so despised. The ideal of the workingman In this country is not "by any means to make his sons pro ficient in the trade he has himself fol lowed, but to see them "rise in the world" by becoming lawyers or doctors; The question is whether it Is a "rise in the world" to pass from a manual calling like that of the civil engineer, bridge builder, or expert horticulturist into the law or medicine. Without de crying the merit of these professions one must observe that in general they are poorly paid: and competition in them is so strenuous that the beginner is put to shifts that must certainly lessen his self respect and impair the keenness o'f his morality. The young horticulturist,, dairyman or engineer stands fair to obtain a larger income and obtain it sooner and more easily than either a doctor or a lawyer, ministers are not In the com petition at all. i Moreover, he can win success without the slightest sacrifice of manly Independence, without truck ling to any interest ' or placating any patron. There is nothing among all Mr. Roosevelt's numerous preachments more thoroughly wholesome than his commendation of the manual callings, PORTLAND ROSES. Today is the very 'best time to begin to enjoy Portland's incomparably fine roses. Last Thursday's zealous sun started the buds into bursting and the moderate warmth and protecting clouds later in the week combined to produce such a wealth of bloom as Is to be seen only in the Ideal climate of Western Oregon. Still the season is by no means at its height. About a week from today, should present weather continue, will mark the full glory of the queen of flowers in its most perfect environment. Meantime rose lovers who are not also rose growers, will find delight in mak ing daily visits to gardens. Wherever you go Into residential dis- trlcts. East Side or.West Side, you will be amply repaid. Don't be afraid, if you are a stranger, to ask the privilege of looking. No one will refuse you. It is a part of the amateur rosarlan's com pensatlon to receive praise from others; his great reward is to share his fruit with the less fortunate. This week, too, is the very hest time for newcomers and the thousands who are establishing new homes to make selec tions of varieties to be planted next Fall. Inspection of one good garden is Infinitely more Information than a hun dred catalogues. No florist can describe the color charm of a blossom nor can printer's ink imitate It. And it is well worth while for those who have been content with growing old favorites to learn by observing new roses now in bloom here -what profes sional rosarlans In Europe and America have done the past five years to enrich the floral kingdom. At least half dozen notably beautiful varieties have proved well adapted to our conditions. Any one In Western Oregon who has ten feet square of ground accessible to the sun can raise the finest roses in the world. There Is no magic In the art. Give nature a bit of help in the way of fertilizer and the pruning knife and she will do the rest. There isn't a rose among the millions modestly exposing their beauty and exhaling their perfume in Portland to-day that you can't du plicate, nor a rose grower so selfish as to deny you the little instruction you require. VERDICTS IN CRIMINAL CASES. In recent discussion of court procedV ure in America it has been urged quite frequently that many mistrials could be avoided and Justice In general pro moted by a provision that less than twelve Jurors ' might find a verdict. Some have agreed that a majority of the twelve should be authorized to re turn a verdict, while others have advo cated a two-thirds or three-fourths ma jority verdict. So far as expressions have heen published, the preponderance of opinion seems to be In favor of per mitting a verdict not supported hy unanimous vote. The adoption of such a plan is very improbable, however, for It would apparently require a con stitutional amendment. Both the Con stitution of the Ignited States and of the state require that the right of trial by Jury he preserved. The right thus guaranteed Is such as existed at com mon law. which was trial by- a jury of twelve men, who must agree upon a verdict. A deviation from the common law jury trial in any important partic ular would be a violation of the con- stltutlonal requirement. While It would be possible to amend With facts Uke these before him who the Constitution in this respect, it is I can question the predominant infiu difneult to Jtet a movement of that kind ence of the mind over the body? The Lb lane d, and, when, started, it Is d.oub - ful whether the people would look upon it with favor. This provision was placed in the Constitution at a time when the people felt a need for protec tion from their rulers. The idea has been cherished for many generations that the Jury system Is one of the great and all-essential safeguards of liberty, and any change would be looked upon by many with disfavor, notwithstand ing the. fact that the requirement of unanimity frequently results in injus tice. The man who fears oppression especially the foreigner who has lived under despotic government Is pretty certain to regard the unanimity pro vision as a protection against wrong from those in authority. However, dis cussion of the subject may crystallize public sentiment in favor of a change and bring about a constitutional amendment. 8TTGMATA. Stigmata, as everybody knows, is a Greek word. It designates, in eccle siastical language, the wounds which were made upon the body of Jesus when he was crucified. The numher of these wounds is well known. "Five bleeding wounds he bears received on Calvary." says the old hymn, adding that "They pour effectual prayers, they strongly plead for me." The Savior was fastened to the cross by a nail through each hand and foot, and before he was taken down one of the Roman soldiers thrust a lance through his right side whence, as the gospel states, water and blood flowed. An other of the numerous hymns dealing with the passion and crucifixion of the Lord exaggerates this a little. "See from his face, his hands, his feet water and blood flow mingling down," ex claims the writer; but the fact is that the nails were driven through his hands and feet while Jesus was still alive and therefore It must have been blood alone that flowed from these wounds, while the spear thrust occurred after he had expired and the gospel mentions the mingled water and blood flowing thence as a sign of his certain death. j Tradition tells us also that the crown of thorns which the soldiers plaited and set upon the head of Jesus was pressed down until it made a deep circle on his brow from which drops of Wood oozed as he bore the heavy cross up the hill of Calvary on his shoulder. The Im agination of the medieval church was profoundly impressed with the Image of the world's Savior tolling up the hill of sacrifice bearing his own cross and bleeding from the wounds In his fore head. The people of that time were religious In a sense of which we proba bly have little conception. Every tragic Incident of the crucifixion had for them reality and pathos dlffiicult for us to understand. For one thing, they were nearer to the event by almost a thou sand years than we are and ten cen turies can do much to obscure the vividness of even the greatest tragedy of history. But It is also true that the death of Jesus had for them a signifi cance which It has measurably lost in our daj'. The world at that time was not a very pleasant place to live in. Existence wa hard anr. cruel. The mitigations of ancient civilization had been lost; the discoveries of science .-hich have done so much to banish misery were still hundj-eds of years In the future. Plagues swept whole popu lations into the grave at a stroke. War was continual and savage. Supersti tion Invested every natural event with terror and destroyed confidence among neighbors. Demons filled the air. Witchcraft pervaded the earth. The age of faith, as It is called, was proba bly the most unhappy period of human history. Faith was all that men had to soften the misery of their lot. Death was the only escape from the wretched ness of life. But death itself was fraught with horror, since It might be the door to a doom Infinitely worse than life. Hell with its lake of "ever-burning brim stone unconsumed" and all Its ingenui ties of torment yawned for the unhappy soul which passed Into the next world without salvation. There was no hope either in this world or the next one except through the Intercession- of Jesus and that Intercession was preva lent with the Almighty because he had died on the cross. What wonder then that the imagination of the medieval world was obsessed with the sacrifice of Calvary? What wonder that the wounds of Jesus, through which re demption was accomplished, became objects of mystical contemplation, al most of worship? An article In the current number of the Revue Des Deux Mondes recounts a number of Instances of this passionate devotion and of the effects it had upon the minds and even upon the bodies of saintly men and women. St. Francis of Assisi. . one of the sweetest souls that ever lived, was the founder of the great monastic order of the Franciscans. When his order was firmly established he delegated the headship to another and retired to meditate upon the wounds of Jesus. He seems to have striven with ecstatic energy to repeat upon his own nerves the agony of the crucifixion. He sought to live through the Passion of the Savior. Finally, upon a day, what .he had longed for actually befell him. He felt in himself the immeasurable anguish of Gethsemane; the nails pierced his hands and feet; the soldier's spear was thrust into his side and he knew the Infinite pain of the Savior's death This happened, to him while he lay In an ecstacy. or, perhaps, a trance we would call It now: and when he awoke he bore upon his oody the holy stig mata. In the palms of his hands were nail heads, hard like iron, and upon the backs were dark nai! ends recurved as they must have been to clinch them in the wood of the cross. In his side also was a wound from which oozed blood and water. The reader must not sneer at this account. It is among the best verified facts of history. There can be no doubt whatever about Its substantial veracity, though the details need not be accepted quite literally. Perhaps the iron of the nails was some what tempered by- faith, but that the wounds of Jesus were virtually repro duced in the flesh of St. Francis it Is Impossible to doubt. Nor was his case Isolated. The same thing occurred to many others In a similar way. More over, upon the foreheads or some ecstatlcs the scarred circle of the crown of thorns was impressed. Veronica Giuliani, for example, was marked with this stigma. The crease was deep enough to lay a finger in and it was punctuated with points like the pricks of thorns which flowed with blood. An other holy woman went through life with one shoulder lower than the other because in an ecstasy the Savior's cross had been laid upon her as it was upon him at the foot of Calvary Jmodern miracles of Christian Science are nothing compared to the wonders which church history accepts as true. Remarking upon facts of this kind. Professor James points out that the mind, of which we know so little. Is a vast reservoir of energy which we may sometime learn to use for beneficial purposes. Hitherto it has flowed in the channels of superstition and hindered rather than helped the world. Shall we ever find out how to generate It at will and apply it as we do electricity? "It took the world three thousand years to master electrical energy. t Perhaps In another thousand we shall discover the secrets of the energy of the soul. THE EVIL TIPPING SYSTEM. The tip, or the fee system, as prac ticed in the sleeping and dining cars of railroads is again under fire this time from the legal status of the 'case. This Is the system by which the traveling public pays the wages of porters and waiters on these cars in addition to the regular fare charged by the railroad and sleeping car companies for trans portation and service on their lines, and Is practically compulsory. These public utilities have a schedule of rates for the accommodations they offer, and under this schedule they undertake to carry passengers and give them berths en route. They have also a fixed rate for meals. To provide this it is necessary to hire or engageervants. The wages paid to these servants are a legitimate part of the undertaking for which rail way" companies and their auxiliary corporations receive schedule rates of remuneration. These wages are so in adequate to the service performed or the service the corporations have en gaged to perform through their servants that in order to get what is coming to them the patrons of the roads must add a bonus to the wages of the servants. If they do not do this, their comfort Is slighted and even their needs Ignored, or they are likely to suffer such annoyance as servants, skilled in the art of Inflicting it, and conscious of their power in the prem ises, can devise. The story is an old one, as old as sleeping car and dining car adjuncts to railway travel. It Is, In fact, an im ported custom, coming from Europe, where all servants are supposed to be paid by the public they serve and not by the person who employs them. Flunkey-ism flourishes there and its Im portunity is a matter of common knowledge, disgust and annoyance to travelers. Engrafted, literally speak ing, upon our transportation system it flourishes like the pest known as "beg gar's tick" in New England, and is as pestiferous in its way as Is this scourge of the traveler on foot or on horseback in the fields of that section. It has put an army of servants in the role of mendicancy, the traveling public in that of unwilling almoners, and great and wealthy corporations In that of petty grafters and extortionists. Long it has been the subject of protest and complaint, of sarcasm and expostula tion, and even of vigorous denunciation it -continues to flourish throughout the length and breadth of the land, with a single exception. The Legislature of Texas recently rose in its might and passed a law making it "a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of $25 to give a tip, fee or gratuity to any servant, waiter or porter on any railroad train. or In any hotel or restaurant within the state." While prudently forbearing to name the chief factor in this petty graft, trifling in detail, but enormous In ag gregate, there Is no mistaking the name of the chief offender. The tip is in sim ple truth a collection taken up on every Pullman car and every dining car in the country every day to pay the wages of the companies' servants. As tersely stated by Elbert Hubbard: "Americans have the money to pay and are willing to pay for such service as they require in traveling, but one payment should cover the transaction." And when he adds: "There is no more reason why we should pay the porter on a sleeping car and the waiters in a dining car, than that a collection be taken up for the conductor and engineer," he states fact patent to all. "The servants are not to blame," Mr. 'Hubbard con tinues, "and patrons cannot withhold the expected Up without being rude or feeling as If they were." The tip 1 simply a gratuity forced upon the traveling public by corporations who refuse to pay their employes a living wage, thus compelling them to become actual beggars and parasites. It is con trary to the spirit of our institutions to create or encourage any form of men dicancy or to tolerate any custom, the tendency of which is to undermine the self respect of any class of working people. Hence, the corporations that force their employes into crawling servility compelling them to cringe and jig and smirk and amble before the public or any portion thereof" for dole in lieu of the wages that they are able to pay, and are in common decency bound to pay are foes to the principle upon which upright, self-respecting labor is based that of rendering honest service for a just equivalent. SOME PROMISED RAILROADS. The Harriman railroad system is un doubtedly preparing for elaborate ex penditure in the Pacific Northwest. New Tork special printed elsewhere shows that the men at headquarters are not in ignorance of the resources that are to be reached by the contemplated lines. Most of these projects have been promised us for so long that our people have become slightly weary of waiting for their fulfillment, and sincerely hope that there will tie no further delay In their completion. Of the various proj ects mentioned as receiving the. official sanction of the Harriman directors, the road to Coos Bay is probably the most important, although the road to the Wallowa country and to Klamath will both open up rich countries that have been all too long neglected. It is, of course, highly gratifying to Oregonians to learn of the improve ments to be made to the lines already constructed. An army of men Is at work between this city and The Dalles straightening out the curves, reducing the grades and otherwise improving the facilitieslor the economical movement of trains. There is also an appropria tion made for a line to Puget Sound and for steel bridges and tunnels on other parts of the old lines, and an enormous amount of other "better ment" work. And yet Oregon's pleas ure over construction of the line to Pu get Sound and the heavy expenditure for improvements elsewhere would be greatly enhanced if Mr. Harriman would build a few ordinary, old-style roads into Central Oregon and other long-neglected localities in the state. If a man who makes two blades of grass grow where only one has grown toefore Is a public benefactor, the man who builds one line of railroad where none was built before Is much more entitled to praise. There is no immediate need of an ad ditional railroad from Portland to Puget J cnn Tho terminal ooints and the in- ! tervening territory are at the present time enjoying an excellent service. None of the people on Puget Sound, in Portland or at intermediate points ex perience any difficulty in securing transportation facilities. All people of that vast empire in Central Oregon suf fer because there are no transportation facilities in that country-. They will not ask for a double track, for steel bridges and culverts, and they will not com plain about sharp curves or steep grades. What they desire is a railroad. and for one-hall of tne cost or a roaa to Puget Sound Mr. Harriman can open up this long-neglected region and per mit thousands of people to enjoy the advantage of markets that have been too long denied them. The sincerity with which the people who call themselves Seventh-Day Ad- ventists present their conception of re ligion is equalled only by their sim plicity and earnestness. Kindly dis posed, unostentatious, law-abiding peo ple the commonwealth hails them as good citizens, and the community as good neighbors. A restless era sees in the,m a serene, non-progressive element. composed of people -wno escnew -frivolity, abhor debt and attend strictly to their own -business. "With such an ele ment even the aggressive spirit of the age has and can have no quarrel. The doctrine which these . elders expound has a large following- not so large as that of Christian Science, but of slower and perhaps more substantial growth. Zeal meets zeal and sincerity meets sin cerity in these two beliefs the one pro claiming its ancient, the other its mod ern origin, and as both inculcate lessons In morality, In faith and In righteous living, they bring each In their way a valuable tribute to the general welfare of the state, and illustrate the, truth of the estimate that "any belief is better than no belief." Californians are indignant over a story going the rounds of the press to the effect that the oldest tree in the world Is one that was planted In Ceylon 2200 years ago. Our neighbors on the south assert that they have a number of trees which are from 6000 to 8000 years old. While there is a possibility that the Californians may have over estimated the age of their trees by a few thousand years, the ancient Ceylon tree is still several centuries younger than some of the Oregon trees. At nu merous points In Central Oregon there are patriarchal junipers which began lifting their branches heavenward more than 500 years before Christ came on earth. Aside from a railroad lnjto the state, there Is nothing In Central Ore gon that Is so slow of growth as the an cient Junipers, and when the railroad does reach Prinevllle, Bend and vicln- Ity, not the least of the attractions for the tourists will be these wonderful trees with which time has almost stood still. It is a strange folly that leads the Astorian (newspaper) to Insist that ves sels from the sea shall not ascend the Columbia River to Portland. ' or to other points above Astoria. It Is a con tention fatuous beyond a'.l precedent. First, because It is supremely foolish and silly; second, because it Is merely Impotent. Tet the Astorian (news paper) seems to suppose that its town can place such obstacles in the way of navigation on the river as to prevent ascent of sea-going vessels to points further up the river. And it goes on in this course at great length, day by day. The freaks of the human mind are endless; and this certainly Is a "peculiar one. One hundred negroes, engaged to take the places vacated by the striking long shoremen at the Atlantic docks, Brook lyn, were lately compelled to call upon the police to protect them from vio lence. They carried the double odium of being strikebreakers and negroes, and a war of extermination was for a time threatened. The history of race prejudice and the tyranny of labor unions, when Incited by salaried leaders, was repeated In this contest. A new chapter, without new features, was added to this old record, writterf in the anger and prejudices of men.. Announcement that the public baths will be reopened June 29 will be greeted with joy by the small boys whose long lna for the water will he intensified by every warm June day. Already anxious mothers are thinking with shuddering apprehension of the .probable number of drownings that will take place be tween the 1st and 29th days of the first month of Summer and are blessing the free baths In that they will at the latter date dispel this apprehension; The Milwaukee management has finally decided to continue pushing the line to the Pacific Coast; the Goulds are driving ahead with the Western Pa cific, and Hill's roads have ordered mil lions of new rails. This leaves Harri- mart the one big man who fears Roose velt's square-deal policy. Maybe in his case it is personal fright. Oregon City offers a cash prize for the largest family coming to its Fourth of July celebration. Now, why In the world didn't Dan McAllen think of that for Portland? Wonder whether Governor Folk will not make the proverbial Missouri de mand from the anti-Parker faction in his party before he consents to a boom. No one of us who have been working to build up Portland will feel bad that incidentally we boosted' Postmaster Mlnto's salary to the top notch. To strangers who happen to be in Portland today: Take a look at our roses. Nowhere do they show to such advantage as on the hush. Increase In Oregon postmasters' sala ries say 15 per cent based on larger receipts fairly .measures the state's growth the past year. Among the many eminent Democrats suggested to kill off Bryan, we have not seen mention of David Bennett Hill. , Pity that Charley Hoyt didn't live long enough to write a skit on the chorus girl and the fool millionaire. The entire Pacific Coast will rejoice that an end to San Francisco's Indus trial troubles is in sight. No rose show in the world is equal to Portland's outdoor display this beau tiful day. The new state laws are in effect, and tbe country is once more safe. COMMENT ON CURRENT STATE AFFAIRS Why the Governor Was Moved to Pardoa a Llfe-Convlct Speculators Schemes with Reclaimed Eastern OreiroB Lands Sightly Home for - tbe Feeble-Minded at Salem Sont hern Pacific No linaer Maintains Hop Warehouses Counties Cannot Incur Debta to Build Railroads. HE pardon of James L. Warren. I I serving a life term for the murder of First Mate Kirk, of the ship Clarence Bement, has been very widely criticised as unwarranted by the showing made in Warren's behalf. So far as the facts are disclosed by statements con tained In the pardon itself, the petition for a pardon presented nothing more than a possibility that if certain evidence had been available at the .trial the verdict of the Jury might have been different- It was also recited that Warren had been exemplary in his conduct during his im prisonment. Since the pardon was granted there has come to the surface a story that indicates that the Governor acted upon more convincing evidence of Warren's innocence. It will be remem bered that two or three years ago a vicious convict employed In the prison laundry seized an ax and struck Warren a heavy blow on the head, breaking his skull. Warren's life was despaired of for several days, but an operation relieved the pressure on his brain and he regained consciousness. Further operation was necessary In order to effect a permanent cure. ' Warren was told that It would be necessary to place him under the in fluence of anaesthetics, cut out more of the bone and insert a piece of silver in his skull, and that the chances were about even for his recovery. Warren took a gloomy view of the chances him self and asked that the Governor bo sent for. To the Governor he said that he did not expect to get through the operation and before taking the anaesthe tic he desired once more to say that he was absolutely innocent of the murder of Kirk. This declaration, made upon what he believed might be his death bed, had every indication of sincerity, and It so Impressed the Governor. While It va not upon this entirely that the pardon was granted, it is known that this statement, together with the other facts making the statement possibly true, moved the Governor to extend clemency. RECLAMATION companies operating in the Deschutes country are of the opinion that the reclamation laws should Impose upon settlers reasonable require ments as to the time of making Improve ments. The law merely requires that they shall be actual settlers. ' They may he settlers without materially improving their lands or even living upon them for any considerable portion of the time. They are required, by the law and by the terms of their contracts, to. pay to the reclamation companies $1 per acre per year for water from the time the com panies are ready to supply them, and it was thought that this would be suffi cient to induce the purchasers to Im prove and cultivate their lands. No one would suppose that men would pay the dollar -per acre for water and yet let their lands lie idle, but this, it seems, is what some of them are doing. Many of those who took land In the Deschutes country were in a measure speculators. While they were not speculators to the same extent as those buyers of state land who hired dummies to purchase land for them, yet they count more upon making money from the advancing value of the land than from the crops produced. This Is by no means universally true. Many, and perhaps most, of the pur chasers of arid land expected to make homes on the land during the Summer season at least. Some have been deterred by the controversy over the title to water or the sufficiency of the supply, which raised some doubt in their minds as to the permanency of the work. Others have been delayed by circumstances which arise in the affairs of every person and which could not be foreseen. But there are many who are merely waiting for an opportunity to sell out to advant age. The point the irrigation people make is that as soon as the land has been supplied with water and the company is ready to give title, the settlers should be required to go ahead with improvements and cultivation of the soil. While it makes no difference to the companies directly whether the purchasers use the water or do not use it, so long as they pay for it, they have an indirect Interest because they desire the country developed. If the reclaimed lands were placed under cultivation there would soon be traffic enough to Insure the construction of a railroad, and the construction of a rail road would bring settlers for the lands yet unsold. More rapid settlement would create a better supply of labor and the railroad would reduce the cost of sup plies. From the standpoint of the re clamation companies. It Is therefore very desirable that actual settlement and cultivation should follow immediately after construction of Irrigation ditches. o1 REGON'S new home for the feeble minded will not only be the first state Institution started after careful provision for its future growth, but will be the first planned with a view to securing the best possible landscape effects. There is kept constantly In mind the fact that the institution will grow as the years pass, and, in ac cordance with good business judgment. a sufficient area of land Is to be pur- chased at the beginning to provide for all future needs. Experience at many other, state Institutions has shown the wisdom of such a course. But the sav ing of dollars Is not the only particu lar ' In which precautions are taken. When the sites for buildings are se lected the plans will take Into consid eration all the buildings likely to be needed in the next 50 years, so that the construction of subsequent build-. ings shall not destroy the beauty of those at first erected or give the group of buildings an apparent lack of sym metry. Most state institutions were started with construction of one build ing sufficient for present needs, and, whenever more room was required, an addition was constructed or- a new building put up conveniently near and without any thought of- the next Im provement growth would demand. Suf ficient unto the day was the evil there of. And the evil came to worry those who took charge of state institutions In subsequent years. But in founding the home for the feeble-minded the grounds will be laid out with a view to providing a favorable location for every building, present and future. Groves and shade trees cannot be pro duced In one year nor In 20 years. The land upon which the Institution will be located has an abundance of timber. and care will be taken not to cut down trees that ..-ill w . . . . trees that will be wanted .for shade quarter of a century hence. The site of the new-institution will be. upon the side of a range of hills command ing a view of every other atate Insti tution at Salem. When this Institution shall be completed, a visitor at the capital may stand In the statehouse and see the asylum, penitentiary, mute school, reform school, blind school, asy--lum farm and home for the feeble-, minded, and yet these institutions will be from two to six miles apart, and. no two located upon the same road. And the home for the feeble-minded will be prettiest of them all, because planned with a view to taking advan tage of all the natural beauty of the surroundings. If the inmates of that institution have capacity for any en joyment at all they will appreciate comfortable surroundings. This source of enjoyment the state will provide for Its unfortunates without any addi tional expense, but rather with an economy of funds, for It costs less in the end to conduct work according to a definite plan than to make It a piece of haphazard patchwork. AILROAD clubhouses are to be erected by the Oregon Short Line In three Idaho towns for the use of railroad employes. Pocatello, Montpe- ller and Glenn's Ferry are the towns which, according to a Baker City paper, will be the sites of these clubhouses. The Pocatello clubhouse will be 56x73 feet on the ground, two stories high, and will cost $15,000. It will be pro vided with card and billiard-rooms, a library and . reading-room, bathrooms. and 16 to 20 bedrooms. The purpose of the company is to provide employes with a home where they can live snd enjoy themselves without seeking pleasure of a sort that unfits them for work requiring a clear mind and steady nerve. The clubhouses will be for the use of railroad employes only. Pre sumably no liquors will be sold In them. o N SEPTEMBER 1 the Southern Pa cific Company will discontinue Its warehouse business, in compliance with the Interstate Commerce Act. This is a move that will be of particular in terest to hop men who have been In the habit of using Southern Pacific ware hquses for the storage of their hops for several months of the year. It will also be of Interest to men who may desire to go Into the warehouse business in the larger towns of the state, such as Port land, Salem, Eugene, Roscburg, Albany and perfiaps smaller towns. Hopgrowers and dealers must either provide ware- houf es of their own or depend upon using warehouses owned and conducted by others. T'.iey must find private ware houses or load their hops directly on the cars, as most other agricultural shippers do. The new regulations will require con signees of goods to remove them from freight depotts within five days instead of - leaving them and paying storage charges as has been the practice in the past. It is said that this will open an opportunity for a profitable general warehouse business, as the warehouseman can get the benefit of carload rates where shippers have no private storage facili ties. The opportunity for a profitable warehouse business will depend largely upon local conditions and tne distance from the distributing point, but as a gen eral rule the retirement of the railroad company from the storage part of Its business will necessitate the building of warehouses wherever there Is consider able shipping. S A means of raising funds for the construction of the proposed Rose- burg-Coos Bay electric line It was recent ly suggested that bonds could be Issued to the amount of $2,000,000, and that the counties of Douglas and Coos should guarantee the payment of the Interest on the bonds at 4 per cent. The plan met with quite general approval until some one remembered that there is a section of the state constitution which prohibits a county from borrowing money or lend ing Its credit for the aid of any corpora tion or association, and another section prohibiting any county from Incurring a debt or liability in excess of $5000. As the plan proposed In Coos County would violate both these provisions, the Idea was promptly dropped. The Social Secretary's Work. Mary R. Cranston, In the Reader. Long. ago It was found desirable to place the work of. factory Improvement In the hands of a salaried official called the social secretary. This person, a man where men are employed, a woman where girls are In question, serves as a point of contact between the firm and the -workers, supervising what may be called the domestic department of fac tory life to see that abuses which arise because of carelessness or other causes are corrected; that the man or woman has every chance for doing work ip such a way as to deserve advancement and to see that it comes; to protect the firm from the wastefulness of keeping on the payroll those who fall to give a day's work for a day's pay, in some cases adjusting salaries according to capacity. Not in the least In the na ture of a spy, the social secretary Is concerned purely with the business of insuring fair play for both sides, more particularly from the employes' view point. Firms which employ such a per son find the social secretary worth every cent of the good salary com manded. It's Up to Republicans Novr. St. Paul Pioneer Press. Rep. "The demand for revision grows loud er with every fresh revelation of the manner In which the great principle of protection for American Industries has been perverted to the building up of enterprises which levy an unjust tribute upon the Nation and enrii-h a privileged few at the expense of the multitude. To postpone revision until after the Presidential election for fear lest the discussion of the iniquities of the present tariff shall imperil Repub lican success, and to attempt to hold Impatient voters to their party alle giance by promising, in the next Re publican platform, that some modifi cations of the tariff will be made if the party shall be continued In power this is to awaken general doubt a to the party's sincerity. Postpone ment, and the sop of a platform prom ise, will be looked upon as two moves In a game having for Its purpose tbe defeat of any tariff revision whatever. 1 t 4 a.