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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (Sept. 11, 1904)
THE SUNDAY' OREGONIAN, PORTIAOT), SEPTEMBER 11, 190L 86 The Leaders in the Political Fight of New york Opposed to Benjamin B. Odell Jr., Are Hill, Sheehan, McCarren and Murphy. THE State of New York Is tho chief battleground of the .National cam paign. It -will cast a vote of 1.500, 000 in a probable total vote of 15,000,000. It -will supply 29 electoral votes in a total of 476. It is the home pf both the candi dates for tho Presidency. It elected Gro ver Cleveland in 1S&4 and 1S22. So evenly is it balanced between the two great par ties that a change of two or threo votes in each of its 4500 election districts is usu ally sufficient to turfa the scale. It is made up of widely diverse elements of voting population, ranging from tho bankers and brokers of Wall street and the rulers of great corporations" to the farmers in the scattered hamlets on the fringe of tho Adirondacks. So well recognized is the importance of carrying New York that the managers of both National campaigns have estab lished their main headquarters . in the state. Each side knowns that the pros pect of winning New York would give hope .and confidence to their party throughout the entire country. Benjamin B, Odell, Jr., Governor of the state, and chairman of the Republican State Committee, commanding general on the Republican side in the fight, is op posed by a group of Democratic leaders, each of whom is a dominating figure in a certain portion of tho state. They are William. F. Sheehan, David R. Hill, Charle3 F. Murphy and Patrick H. Mc Carren. Mr. Hill Is familiar with every detail of the Democratic organization out side the boundaries of Greater New York; Mr. Murphy Is absolute master of Tam many Hall, and Mr. McCarren is the Democratic leader in the County of Kings, which is territorially identical with Tthe Borough of Brooklyn in .New York City. Mr. Sheehan is familiar in a gen eral way with all parts of the state, and, as chairman of tho Democratic National Executive Committee, ho holds -a roving commission to help where he can. Benjamin B. Odell, Jr. Governor Odell is one of the most re sourceful campaign managers that the state has ever seen. His political train' ing began at the bottom when he was selling ice from one of his father's wa gons in Newburgh, and was known as "Ben" to every Republican voter in that city. Governor Odell can control his feelings with an absolutely Iron hand. He has been known to receive some of tho most terrific blows with an expressionless face. "When I was a boy," said Governor Odell to a friend who asked him how he did it, "my father once picked up a setter dog by the nape of the neek and held him aloft. The dog did not whimper. Then he picked up a cur and the dog Howled. , That, my boy, said my father. is the difference between a cur and thoroughbred. I have never forgotten the lesson. In 1835, on the last flay of the conven tlon which met at Saratoga to nominate a state ticket to run with McKlnley's, every sign pointed to the nomination of Mr. Odell for Governor. Frank S. Black, of Troy, was there with a few counties behind him, but no one paid any attention to his candidacy. The convention as sembled for the afternoon session, wnicn nras to nAnse the ticket. Tho various state lieutenants of Senator T. C. Piatt, who was still the absolute state leader, met at the Worden House to decide on the ticket. They were present 'to the number of about 15. "Word was brought to the con vention that by an overwhelming vote the minor leaders bad recommended Odell as the candidate, and Odell was told to leave the convention and go to his cot tage in the grounds of the United States Hotel to await a committee of notifica tion. The minor leaders trooped In with the News that Oaell was to be the man. Sud denly a surprising rumor entered tho con vention hall. Senator Piatt had abruptly changed his plan, and had decided that tho candidate for Governor should oe Frank S. Black. It was incredible, but nevertheless it was true. After the other minor leaders had gone, Louis F. Payn and Jacob Worth, two influential leaders, had threatened Senator Piatt with a re volt on the floor of the convention un less ho threw Odell overboard and nomi nated Black, and Piatt had yielded. Yet Odell was one of the first men to congratulate Black, and he took charge of Black's campaign and managed it with great skill and loyalty. Mr. Odell's first lesson in practical poli tics was learned very easily. It was when he was a candidate for Supervisor in the town of New Windsor, Orange County. It was a Democratic district. Odell's canvass showed 34 majority for himself. He was told of 20 votes he could get if he wanted them. He de cided to "stand pat." When the ballbts were counted Odell was beaten by eight votes. This taught the future Republican leader of the state never to take any thing in politics for granted, and to get all the votes he could. Mr. Odell's first great fight in the state was in 1E98, when Theodore Roosevelt was tho candidate of his party for Gov ernor. Odell was the supreme manager. It was a hard fight, because tho canal scandal had apparently shifted 60,000 or 70,000 voters from tho Republicans to the Democrats. In the last week of the cam paign, Odell made up his mind that Roosevelt would win. The difficulty lay in convincing the party that there was a chance of success. He raised $20,000, which he bet even that Roosevelt would be elected, and the future President pulled through with about 17,000 plurality In that campaign Richard Croker lost 550,000, John F. Carroll $35,000, Edward Murphy, Jr., $30,000, and Patrick H. Mc Carren $15,000. Mr. Odell's personal courage never snowed to better advantage than during tne last great maneuver in Republican state politics which made him leader. When the convention in 1502 had been on j the eve of nominating him for Governor a second time, it was also apparent that George R. Sheldon would be named for lieutenant-Governor. President Roose velt was stirring up the country about trusts. Mr. Sheldon had Just been widely published as a promoter of trusts. Fall ing to induce Senator Piatt to drop Shel don, the Governor ordered a special train from Albany at 1 o'clock in the morning, and went to Saratoga, where ho had an all-night session with Senator Piatt, and carried his point. This incident made the Governor many bitter enemies. In this emergency the Governor went to Washington and asked for a meeting, between the President, Senator Piatt and Colonel George W. Dunn, who was Mr. Piatt's chairman of the State Committee. The Governor at this meeting declared that he intended to be consulted, and it was agreed that ho should be the active man in tho. or ganization, white Senator Piatt should be titular leader, and be consulted on all Important matters. The Governor's chief characteristic as a campaign manager is reticence. No man is more tenacious than he of the pur poses that he may have in view, but no man is less given to talking about them. He Is not a believer In what is popularly known as a "hurrah campaign." He places his confidence in hard work that leaves nothing to chance. It often hap pens that not even his closest associates know what he has in mind until his plans have been accomplished. He is exacting in his demands upon the party workers. He regards it as their duty to take orders and execute them without asking why. He Is a thorough believer in the power of the "machine." If a man holds an office from his party the Govern or insists that he show his usefulness to the party In a practical way. He be lieves in keeping in touch with every Re publican worker, down to the election dls- feel that he is directly responsible for the result in his district to the chairman of the State Committee. The Governor's' campaign methods are simple and effective. Ho first ascertains how many votes the Republican party must poll in order to win. The character of the campaign, whether National, statt. or local, determines the probablo number total vote, and It is easy to ascertain how many votes will bo required to constitute a. majority. The Republicans this year will have to poll about 800,000 votes to be entirely safe. He apportions this re quired vote among the- counties In propor tion to tho Republican strength in each. Then he sends for the leaders of the counties separately and tells each what is expected of him. If the chairman of a county committee protests that he has been asked to do too much, the Governor will sit down with him and show him ,hbw ho can Ob tain his quota of the total. He will dem onstrate that the result can be obtained if the vote is brought out, and he will dl vide the vote expected of the county among its .election districts, showing what each must do. If the doubtful chair man of the county committee has not been through a similar experience before he Is likely to go home shaking his head and wondering how "Ben" happened to know so much about his territory. When tho work has been cut out for his lieutenants, the Governor devotes himself to seeing that it is done. In different parts of the etato he has 'canvasses made to test the drift of sentiment. These teats are made In representative commu nities, . and from these results he la able to form an accurate Idea of what the voters are thinking. If the Republican vote is not holding up to expectation In any lqcality, effort Is redoubled there. Meetings are arranged and good opeakers are sent to arouse enthusiasm. Quarrels in "the party are reconciled at whatever cost. Campaign literature Is distributed, and whatever money is needed for le'glti mate campaign work is provided. The Governor is first a business man and his campaigns are run strictly on bus iness lines. The organization Is made to "telL" just as the organization of a great business enterprise Is made to contribute to its success. He is Intolerant of incom petents, and he will have-no shirks among his subordinates. The man who has to make excuses soon finds himself unwel come at state headquarters. David B. Hill. David B. Hill's political education, like that of the Governor, began at the election district polling booths As a young man he participated in many a hard-fought con test in Elmlra, where rough-and-tumble tactics predominated. Mr. Hill is not giv en to talking, any more than the Repub lican leader, but there the likeness be tween them ends. Mr. Hill is a lawyer by training and temperament. While ho knows the value of organization, having studied It In the school of Tilden. who made the school dis trict the basis of Democratic organization In New York State, he also places stress on the value of appeals to the reason of the voters. His campaign epeeches are masterpieces. Mr. Hill is a bachelor, and has been called a woman hater. There are about his fireside no romance, no wife, no chll dren, no domesticity only politics and law, but chiefly politics. Yet Mr. Hill has his human and softer side. He adopted and educated a nephew, of whom he was very proud. This nephew died at an early age, and his foster father felt deeply about it. For days after tho death he denied himself to all his friends. Mr. Hill also has a great fondness for young men. Ho has educated several. One of them is a prosperous physician in Washington, Dr. Pierce, who married the daughter of Dr. Battershall, of Al bany. Over the country are scattered half a dozen other young men who owe their start in life to the ex-Governor. They are his devoted admirers. One of these is Timothy D. Williams, now one of the leading officials of the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company. Mr. Williams was a young newspaper man on a struggling journal which was opposing Hill politically. He went to interview Hill one day. Hill told him many political secrets. "This Is all between us," said Hill. "Don't use any of It. Just say this for me." Mr. Williams respected HlU's confidence, and In a short tlmehe was offered the position of private secretary to the Gov ernor. He was continued in thaticapacity by Governor Flower, and when Fibwer re tired, his influence and that of Hill put him In a position to make his fortune in the metropolis. Hill Is a great phrase-maker. His dec laration in the campaign of 1SS8, "I am a Democrat," has clung to him, and the car toonists still draw him with the "I am a Democrat'' feather In his-hat. In the National Convention of 1896, dur ing his great debate with Bryan over the platform, he made a tremendous hit by saying: "I am a Democrat, but npt a revolutionist" Hill was subjected to bitter criticism in 18S8 when he carried the state for Gov ernor and Cleveland lost It for President. Cleveland always thought that Hill had sold the state out Hill denied this. "The cutting was all on the other side," ho said. "It Svas Republican rebellion against Warner Miller (tho Republican candidate for Governor), not Democratic desertion of Grover Cleveland." Mr. Hill always Insists being consulted in political deals on arrangements to which he Is even a remote party. Mr. Hill s political methods resemble those of a master of chess. He seems to be able to foresee, the most remote con sequences of every move upon tho board. and this has a tendency sometimes to make him hesitate long before committing himself. He Is best satisfied if he can create a situation that will leave sev eral courses open to him He has scores of irons in the fire. Many of them he is never able to use, but ho Is patient, and when his time comes his opponent Is likely to he surprised by one unexpected development that It Is impossible to meet. or some sudden revelation that cannot bo answered. Charles F. Murphy. Mr. Murphy, the leader of Tammany Hall, and Mr. McCarren, the leader of the Brooklyn Democracy, have become National figures on account of the great feud which has been in progress between them. Mr. Murphy is the youngest leader Tammany ever had. He won his leader ship by hard work. He was for many years the leader of the Eighteenth As sembly District, and of this district Dr. W. S. Rainsford once said: "If all the Tammany districts were conducted as Murphy's is this would be a model town. One of the most Interesting things about Mr. Murphy Is the affection which exists between him and Mayor George B. McClolfcuu When Mr. McClellan went to New York to make his living ho met Charles F. Murphy, who was then a minor district leader in Tammany. The two men linked their fortunes. Mr. Mur- , phy aided in making Mr. McClellan Treas urer of the Brookly Bridge Commission. He stood by him when he was a candidate for President of the Board of Aldermen. He urged him for Lieutenant-Governor and for Governor. He also repeatedly asked Richard Croker, then leader of Tammany, to make him tho candidate for Mayor. When Mr. Murphy himself became the leader of Tammany there was no ques tion as to who the candidate for Mayor would be. ' At the dinner of the Gridiron Club last December, In Washington, Murphy and McClellan sat side by side. A red lantern, indicating the "red light district," which had been a feature of the campaign of 1903, was hung over their heads. After the Mayor had spoken tho presiding genius of the dinner said: ' ' Now. we will hear from the real thing," and called on the Tammany lead er for a speech. 'Gentlemen, said Mr. Murphy, rising and waving his hand toward the Mayor elect, "In all seriousness, I Inform you that the real thing in New York'City af fairs sits on my right." No ono believed the Tammany leader at this time. But when Mayor McClel lan took his seat in the New York City Hall It was soon learned that what Mr. Murphy had said was literally true. For the first tlmo in the municipal history of New York there was a Tammany boss who did not insist that the Tammany Mayor should turn the town over to the thugs and gamblers. Every Tammany district leader has ax. office somewhere in "his district where the poor and lowly of his bailiwick can meet him and make requests. Mr. Murphy's, when he managed a district, was beneath the lamp-post at Twenty-second -street and Second avenue. In front of the Tarn many Clubhouse. There he would remain. several hours every night, meeting all who had a trouble. to unfold, a favor to ask or a suggestion to make. The secret of Tammany's greatness as a political factor has been that It keeps close to tha poor of the city. Mr. Murphy has follow ed that principle to a greater extent than any other Tammany brave, and no power could shake him In the estimation of those who live In his district. Patrick H. McCarren. Patrick H. McCarren was a cooper at 19. He Is now absolute bos3 of the great Borough of Brooklyn. He is called "Long Pat." He has the face of a pirate, so his friends are fond of saying, and tho manners of a gentlewoman. He was never known -to lose his temper. The nearest on record was once at a state convention, when he called David B. Hill a liar to his face. But even then Mc Carren was not angry. "I had to do it," he explained. "It was the truth, but those others on the com mittee would not have believed mo had I merely stated that Senator Hill was wrong." Senator McCarren has been in tho rough and tumble of city politics for 30 years, and he has been in the State Sen ate for moro than hah! of that time. The only term he missed was In 1894-5, and connected with his temporary retirement then Is one of tho best stories In American city politics. The Democrats and Republicans of Mc Carren's district worked together. It was decided that in the campaign of 1S93 there should only be a feint of opposition to McCarren, as he could pull throueh without the expenditure of much money. So McCarren picked as the candidate to run against him for the Senate one George A. Owen, a barkeeper, a man of no edu cation or political experience. That year there was a political rev olution In the State of New York, and it extended to Brooklyn. When the votes In McCarren's district were counted it was found that the unknown bartender had been elected by S00 majority. McCarren Is an "all-round sport- He for years was Interested In racing. He als6 believes in extreme liberality In ex cise and gambling matters. It Is on this question that he and Murphy split. William F. Sheehan. William F. Sheehan, who is generally given credit of having done more to promote the nomination of Judge Par ker than any other one man, is an anomaly in politics. He was a Buffalo boy, and was a pro tege of David B. Hill. Ho came forward about 20 years ago as an Assembly man, and soon was the leader of his faction In that end of the state. He be lieved in machine politics pure and simple. After ten years of stress and storm In Albany and Buffalo he deemed It wise to move to New York. In ten years Mr. Sheehan, by close at tention to the practice- of, law, hag amassed a fortune and won the entire respect of the business community of New York City. He began life as a ferry boy on tho Buffalo River. He stands today as the maker of a Democratic candidate, and as the manager In tho entire coun try as that candidate's canvass. At the St. Louis Convention Mr. Sheehan attracted great attention to himself by the manner in which he handled the interests of Judge Parker. Few persons were certain that the Judge could be nominated at all, In view of the rampant opposition of Tammany Hall, which, although under instructions to vote for the candidate of New York, was openly Intriguing with all the other Democratic aspirants for the nomination. Mr. Sheehan was asked on what bal lot he thought Judge Parker would be nominated. "We have not yet decided the bal lot," replied Mr. Sheehan. "He will be nominated on the first. If wo think It wise. If not, he will be nominated on the second. It all depends on how things look when wo get to it." Judge Parker was nominated on the first ballot. (Copyright, 1904.) JOHN M. RANKIN. THE WE At) OF THE e-HLTReW OF EMGLANt) PERSONALITY OF THE ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY NOV VISITING AMERICA THE visit of the Rt. Hon. and Most Rev. Randall Thomas Davidson, D. D., K. C "V. C lord archbishop of Canterbury and primate of all England, is a notable event in the history of tho American church. In Colonial times tho archbishop of Can terbury did not exercise episcopal author ity on this side of the Atlantic, as the British Colonies (without an. episcopate) always form part of the diocese of Lon don, but when, on tho Declaration of In dependence, the Church of England in this country as a state church ceased to exist, application was made to the arch bishop of Canterbury to consecrate a bishop for the United States, Archbishop Moore declined to consecrate. In the first place the English bishops observed with concern that the Athanasian creed was expunged, and that other alterations had been made in the American Book of Common Prayer, which they did not con sider improvements. And, besides this, the archbishop of Canterbury was under the impression that he could not conse crate a bishop without "letters patent from the King." Dr. Seabury conse quently received his consecration from the nonjuring bishop of the Episcopal Church in Scotland, now called by its adherents "the Scottish Church." A correspondence took place between the English primate and 15 other bishops of the English Church with certain Ameri can divines, the American Prayer Book was accepted, and an act of Parliament was obtained empowering tho archbishop of Canterbury (or the Archbishop of York) to consecrate to the office of bishop .per sons being subjects of countries out of His Majesty's dominions. On February 4, 17S7, Archbishop Moore consecrated, in Lambeth Chapel, Dr. White, rector of Christ Church, Philadelphia, and Dr. Pro- voost, rector of Trinity Church, New York, bishops of their respective dioceses, Dr. Madison, of Virginia, then went to England for consecration, thus comple ting the English line in three bishops, and both lines were combined in the conse cration of Dr. Claggett, boshop of Mary land. .Since that time eight archbishops have held the high office of "Primate of All England": Sutton, Howley, Sumner. Longiey, Talt, Benson, Temple and Da vidson, and it is to Dr. Randall Thomas Davidson, who is ninety-sixth in succes sion from Augustine, the first archbishop or anteroury, that a most cordial and hearty welcome Is now extended. Comes With Highest Credentials. The archbishop represents many historic names in English history, from Dunstan, who was "primate minister," to Edgar, the first King of England, and Stephen Langton, who guided the pen of John as ho signed the great Charta. He also rep resents "a noble army of martyrs" Becket, who fell a victim to political in trigue and shed his blood on the steps of the altar in Canterbury; Sudbury, who was beheaded on Tower Hill by an Igno rant mob; Cranmer, who was burned at Oxford in testimony of the Protestant faith, and Laud, whose dying testimony was that of a mnn strongly Impressed with the- Injustice of the sentence by which he perished, and whose execution has more than atoned for his Infirmities of temper and errors of Judgment. The archbishop comes to our shores with the highest credentials. He is not only very highly esteemed throughout the re ligious world as the spiritual head of the Church of Hngland, but he is an official of the highest rank In the Empire of Great Britain. In the British House of Lords he ranks next to the members of the royal family, and his name stands Just below that of the Duke of Albany, a royal Prince, and immediately above that of the Duke of Norfolk, the Premier Duke of England. He is a member of the Privy Council, a Knight of the Grand Cross of the Victorian Order, and the trusted reli gious counsellor of King Edward "VTL He is held in great affection by the royal family of England, for he ministered to the good Queen Victoria in her dying moments. In the Church of England the archblsh op of Canterbury ranks as "primate of all England," and the archbishop of York as "primate of England." Consequently the former has some jurisdiction over all England, while the latter has only juris diction in his own province. These titles date from the year 1152, in the reign of King Stephen, when Theobald assumed the title of "primate of all England." Like most of his predecessors in office, Archbishop Davidson comes from the mid dle class and not from the nobility ot England. He is a Scotchman, and as such will be welcomed by the Scotchmen of America. His father is Henry David son, "of Muirhouse, Edinburgh. Dr. Da vidson is in the Very prime of life, being only 55 years of age. young tor an arch bishop. In his early life he suffered much from a weak constitution, but he nas completely recovered, and is a man of unusual physical and mental vigor, un like the two distinguished prelates, Ben son and Temple, who preceded him. Dr. Davidson did not attain to any of those university honors which usually lead to high office in the church, for he was for several vears incapacitated from active work and compelled to travel. Educated at Harrow, he went to Oxford and grad uated from Trinity College, Oxford, B. A., 1871; M. A., 1875. He was ordained by Bishop Parry, the Buirragan Disnop or Doyer, March 1874, and knelt side by side with urauiura, tne Dexovea son ot Archbishop Talt Mr. Davidson com menced his ministerial life as curate in the historic church of Dartford, on the banks of the River Darent, In Keut Bishop Talt was translated from Lon don to Canterbury on the nomination of Mr. Disraeli, and eventually the curate of Dartford was invited to become "chaplain-secretary" of the archbishop. Dr. Talt had" been a schoolfellow of Mr. Da vidson's father, and at Oxford Craufurd Talt and Randall Davidson had -cemented a very close friendship and traveled through Syria and Kurdistan In 1872. Mr. Davidson soon married the daughter of the archbishop, Miss Hdlth Murdock Talt, in Lambeth Chapel, on November 12, 1S78, and when his devoted friend. Archbishop Benson, visited the home of the present archbishop, who was then .uean or Wind sor, he characterized it as "one perfect picture of soothlngness and help." Mrs. Davidson accompanies her hus band on his visit to America, Mr. Davidson was private secretary to Archbishop Talt in troublous times. The Church of England suffered from internal controversy and disquietude, especially during the Imprisonment ot Mr. Green, of Miles Platting, for ri tualistic practices. It was a rare ap prenticeship and a period of special training for the See of Canterbury. In Dr. Davidson's memoir of Arch bishop Talt he gives a humorous ac count of his duties as "chaplain-secretary." In the first place the arch bishop insisted upon observing "the providential strata"" of the morning mail, and every letter was taken in its proper turn as it was extracted from the mail bag. He was also requested to read all the archbishop's letters with the assurance that "the silliest people wero often the best critics.' On some occasions the archbishop in answering foolish letters from some of his clergy would say to Mrl David son: "Tellhlm he is a consummate ass, but do it very kindly." It is in these reminiscences that Dr. Davidson as sures us that Archbishop Talt and not Archbishop Magee must be credited with the declaration that "the mod ern idea of a bishop is a man in a chronic stato of perspiration." Queen Victoria took special interest in Mr. Davidson after his marriage with Archbishop Tait's daughter. She not only made him one of her honor ary chaplains' but also appointed him dean of Windsor, an ecclesiastical of fice always held by a court favorite. In April, 1891, he was consecrated bishop of Rochester, and soon after ward became clerk of the closet to the Queen, and it was in this capacity that Bishop Davidson ministered to his aged sovereign in her last moments at Osborne House. Bishop Davidson was translated to Winchester In 1895, and. In a renewed state of health, he took a very active part In the debates of the House of Lords. When Archbishop Benson died he was offered the archbishopric of Can terbury, but declined on the score of health. Capacity for Work. Bishop Davidson was secretary of the third Lambeth conference, and made the acquaintance of the bishops in the United States at that time. His kindness and courtesy impressed every member of the conference, and U was then that his won derful business habits were demonstrated. Tho venerable Bishop of Gloucester, who was secretary of tho first Lambeth con ference, says that In all his experience of editing he had never known such a feat as Davidson's, having the proceed ings of the Lambeth conference printed and published In the course of five days. During his most trying period of sickness it was said that "business even amused him." And now that the archbishop Is in full vigor and health his capacity for work is something marvelous. As a public speaker, whether In the House of Lords or In the Canterbury Convocation, or In a church congress, or on a missionary platform, Dr. Davidson Is an orator of considerable, power. There are some who remember his speech at the Derby Church congress when he referred to certain church papers as "the shlllelagh-lovlng theological critic who dashes in, hitting freely on both sides, and all around, piously ejaculating God grant that I may bo on the right side!' " ' It has been said of the archbishop .that In debate ho plays with big questions as a cat with a mouse. He says many amus ing things, by the way, and yet, impresses his audience with the strength of con viction. Dr. Davidson Is credited with tho statement that platforms at religious meetings are usually made up of three kinds of men ''politicians, ecclesiastics, and 'worthy and excellent men!' " As the chaplain of two archbishops, the secretary of the Lambeth conference, dean of Windsor, and the occupant of three bishoprics, Rochester, Winchester and Canterbury, Archbishop Davidson's experiences are very great, and he Is ever ready to make the very best use of his remarkable training. He takes a very active Interest in missions, and wa3 one of the founders of the Assyrian Mission. He rendered very important counsel to Archbishop Benson In the trial of the present bishop of Lincoln, and to Arch bishop Talt during the most acute stage of the ritualistic controversy. For many years ever since he became "chaplain secretary" to the archbishop of Canter bury hl3 advice has been eagerly sought on almost every question, both Important and otherwise, as for example whether a bishop should carry his pastoral staff In another bishop's diocese, which ' ha de cided In the negative. Spiritual Convictions. The archbishop Is a man of earnest spiritual convictions. Brought up .in tho evangelical school of thought, he Is usually designated an "evangelical" or "low churchman." As bishop of Winchester he attended Mr. Spurgeon's funeral and gave the benediction at the grave. But In the memoirs of Arch bishop "Benson there seem to be evi dences that In his "churchmanshlp" .he Is perhaps more closely allied to the eclectic high churchmanshlp of Ben son, rather than to the broad church "evangelicalism" of Tait. He is thor oughly convinced that if the Church of England is to remain established by the state she must be comprehensive In all directions. His public utterances are always statesmanlike and religious in tone and aspiration, and he seems to have a peculiar grasp of the great underlying principles of the life of the Church of England. Unlike his Immediate precedessors. Archbishop Davidson has not been en gaged In scholastic work, and the ab sence of this preparation for the epis copate Is generally, held to be an ad' vantage to the onerous work of the primacy. The public life of an arch bishop Is entirely different from the stiff and uncompromising atmosphere of an English public school, and It has already becomo evident that there Is an elasticity and a general breadth In the present archbishop's administration which seems likely to gain for him a very high place In the noble and his toric line of public men, who, as pri mates of all England, have played such an Important part of the growth and development of the Church of England. Not an Official Visit. In visiting America Dr. Davidson is carrying out a desire which he formed as a young clergyman when he ar ranged to cross the Atlantic with his friend, the Rev. Craufurd Talt, Mrs, Davidson's lamented brother, but the onerous duties of secretary prevented. His present visit to this country is by no means official. The Protestant Epis copal Church in America has always jealously guarded her independence, and in no way acknowledges allegiance to "the Patriarchate of Conterbury." The presiding bishop, the Most Rev. Daniel Tuttle, Is the head of the Epis copal Church in the United States, and his authority Is exceedingly limited. It is. however, understood that Arcn- bishop Davidson will make full use of hla opportunities In studying the conditions of a voluntary church, and above all things give special attention to the con ditions under which the endowments of the Church of England were retained after she became a non-established body through the Declaration of Independence. It Is In this respect that the conditions of the American church present a most sat isfactory contrast to those of the dises tablished Church of Ireland. The arch bishop's visit both to this country and Canada will only extend to two months. and he has already accepted an Invita tion to attend the general convention at Boston early In October, when he and Mrs. Davidson will be the guests of Bishop Lawrence, of Massachusetts. It will not be possible for him to travel to any very great extent. It Is understood that he will preach In Old Trinity Church, which Is still a monument to the good which the Church of England has done through her liberal endowments In maintaining Christian ministrations in the poor dis tricts of densely populated cities where a voluntary church finds It difficult to ex ist. Up to the present time "archbish ops" have not been popular among the "Protestant Episcopals," but It Is hoped that the visit of the distinguished and gifted archbishop of Canterbury will smooth and prepare the way for the cre ation of archbishops in the Episcopal Church of the United States. At all events, this notable event In the history of American Christianity will bind more closely together the Established Church of England and the non-established church In America, and thus help on the great work of saving souls and strengthening the spiritual forces of their mission to the sons of men. Catching the Hoyal Chinook Salmon Blitorisl Correspondence of tka Chicago Reo-ora-Herald, September 2. HIS MAJESTY the Royal Chinook Salmon is a creature gifted with delicious flavor and quality of nu trition unrivaled among his fellows and withal is possessed of strange and Interesting habits. Spawned and hatched in fresh water, he immediately seeks the briny depths of the ocean, where for long years he waxes plump, and when ripe for the market he deliberately seeks the home of his birth, there to be entrapped and prepared for the fate that should await all good salmon. The favorite home of the Chinook is the Northwest Pacific Coast, and his spawning bed is the great Columbia River and its tributa ries. Historic Astoria, the first settle ment on tho Pacific Coast, Is tho center of the greatest salmon industry in the country, if not in the world. Each sea eon the Royal Chinook is adding to the fame of Astoria, about which John Jacob Astor had such rosy dreams. Astoria and the Royal Chinook are therefore inseparably linked in the march of progress which tho Pacific Northwest is Just now enjoying. Now that almost a century has fol lowed Its foundation, there are 10,000 people in Astoria who are dreaming over and again the dream of New York's former merchant prince the dream of a "metropolis of a commercial empire." One of the most interesting factors in this commercial empire is the Royal Chinook, which in 1903 added ' about $3,500,000 to tho wealth of its products and which at the present rate of In crease will ere long contribute fully $10,000,000. The salmon industry of 'the Columbia furnishes occupation to an army of 5000 men, 3000 of whom are engaged in catching the fish, and among them there is an annual distri bution of fully $1,500,000. Nearly a de cade ago it was feared that before many years the supply of salmon would cease, but in 1895 the state and United States Governments took up the mat ter of artificial propagation, which has not only placed the Industry upon a lasting basis; but has insured its be coming' one of the most Important in dustries of the Northwest, In establish ing artificial hatcheries advantage was taken of the queer habits of the Chi nook. The fish always feed to maturity in the ocean, when they seek the fresh water in which to spawn. During the spawning season they swim into the Co lumbia River In Immense schools. , The record school, which occurred In 1903, was first noted on July 23, by a steamer cruising 12 miles southwest of Cape Hancock. For two entire days the steamer was entirely surrounded by the salmon, which extended for miles on all sides. The salmon were literally leaping over one. another in eager haste to reach the Columbia, Four days later, when they arrived, the fish ermen began to reap a harvest which will be long remembered in Astoria, Two weeks later another school almost as large entered the river, but it was then tho closed season. As they come from the sea the Royal Chinook are a lusty fish, frequently weighing as high as 60, SO and 90. pounds, and rare ly below 20. Up the river they go, breasting the most tumultuous rapids and leaping the falls, and such of them as escape the many 'devices contrived for their undoing deposit their spawn in the river bed. During1 the entire time they remain in fresh water the salmon eat nothing, so that their weight Is somewhat diminished before their Journey begins from the river to the canning establishment. The United States Government and the State of Washington began syste matic hatchings in 1S95, when 7,087,000 fry were turned out. The department of the State of Oregon was not started until 1899. The hatcheries are located at convenient places, where the female salmon are caught ln the traps," the eggs removed, and the spawn placed in troughs, where they are artificially hatched. At the proper season they are turned into the rivers, and immediately find their way to sea, only to return again in four years for spawning. Grave questions arose at the inception of tho hatcheries whether a sufficient number of the salmon would return from the sea to make artiuclal hatching profit able. That habit, however, is strong in the Chinook, and was demonstrated in 1S95, when 5,000,000 fry were turned out of the Clackamas hatchery, of which 5000 were marked by removing the adipose fin. They were due to return In 1S90, and that year 1,000,000 salmon were caught. The number of marked fish re ported convinced the commissioner that almost the entire supply was the result of artificial hatching. Since that time the State of Oregon has established four hatcheries, the United States Government two and the State of Washington seven, "which, in 1903, turned into the Columbia and the Coast streams a total of 70,000,000 fry. The result of eight years of hatching Is shown by an increase of 20 per cent in the product of the Columbia River fisheries during 1903 over 1902, adding $500,000 to the income of the canneries and $200,000 to the income of the fish ermen, while the increase of the Coast streams was 1,146,882 pounds over the previous year. For manyyears the sal mon dealers or tne coiumoia connnea their Industries to canning. Some five years ago, however, a bright dealer conceived the idea of pickling salmon In mild brine and shipping them to foreign markets to supply the demand for smoked fish. Great success met this departure, and during 1903 over 3,000, 000 pounds of fish were thus prepared for market and sold on an average for 35 cents a pound. The cold-storage business is rapidly increasing, the new process bidding fair to outstrip the old. It has also greatly enhanced the price of the fish, and now steel-head sal mon, which used to bring 2 cents per pound at the canneries, are frozen and sold in foreign markets where they are regarded as luxuries and are bring ing from 15 to 25 cents a pound. During the season of 1903 more than 1,500,000 pounds of steel-heads were frozen. Salmon fishing is practically confined to 90 days In the year, which Is suffi cient to make Astoria a lively city for the entire 12 months. Occasionally the season lasts until August 15, beginning about April 15. Salmon canning was first attempted in the 60's and has been extensively practiced since 1880, the industry having yielded in the last 25 years fully $75,000,000. In season the Columbia and Its tributaries present busy and interesting pictures. The banks of the Columbia on either side, as far east as The Dalles, are lined with fish wheels which resemble the paddles of a side-wheel steamer, and which scoop the fish up in thousands and deposit them in scows. The known courses which the salmon take in their Journey up the river are perfect net works of traps, seines and glllnets. At the river's mouth a vast fleet of fishing schooners flit here and there gathering In the rich harvest, while along the river for more than 100 miles thousands are engaged in the same enterprise. Rubber-booted and waterproof coated they are seen standing waist deep in water hauling In their catches or in boats rowing them to the canneries along the shores. They are a merry lot, these fishermen of the Columbia, and the broad expanse of the stream re sounds with their whistling, their shouting, their songs and laughter. Frequently their catches are enormous, reaching as high as five and six tons, but the average Is 800 to 1000 pounds. Single catches by one man in 20 min utes have been recorded as high as 3558 pounds. It Is small wonder, there fore, that the fishermen of Astoria an the northwest venerate the mighty Co lumbia and Its fruitful tributaries. S. GLEN ANDRUS. How a Tired Woman May Get Rest Political Prejudices. Washington Star. The partisan is very sad. For he has never understood How other men can be bo bad, While all on bla side are so good. THERE are women who are always ) tired. These Include business women, counting the great variety of office work ers, as well as those listed In the profes sional schedule; household workers, tho women' who run either their own home or the home of someone else, and rich women who need not work at all unless they want to. Of all these, the woman who gets most tired is probably the office worker. The girl who goes to an office every day, rain or shine, regardless of her health, regard less of her home cares, regardless of everything except the dollars she must earn. Is the woman who Is apt to suffer most from fatigue. The tired-out office girl when she comes home must rest, and to rest properly Is one of the hardest things on earth. How are you going to rest just because you are told to do so? It Isn't easy to rest to order. The only way to seek rest to order Is to He down, and that Is not always so restful as It might be. The woman who sits all day In an office and comes home tired and lies down in vites fat by this course. She gets no exer cise during the day and she gets none at night. She is too tired to exercise. A certain woman, who runs a big busi ness and hopes to retire some day, has a trick of undressing the minute she arrives home at night. She freshens up a bit and then puts on a gymnasium suit. She seats herself and does stunts with a chair. She tips backward and she bends forward and she bends sideways. She says It rests her back and relieves her muscles and stimulates her nerves. Tired out society women should try very much the same thing; but their exer cise need not' be so violent. They are always on the go, and they can take easier calisthenics. If the tired society woman will put on a kimono and will stand with both hands out in front of her making a waving movement with the arms she will get good results. These movements of the arms are called the Oriental motions. ' They open the lungs and exercise the chest. They also bring the flabby neck muscles Into play and prevent them from getting fat. The kimono exercises are four In num ber. Stand erect and put both arms out in front of you. Lower them to your sides with a sweeping motion. The second kimono movement cans ior arms outstretched as far as possible. The arms are now thrown backward until the backs of the hands tap each other behind you. There are not many who can do tnis. But every one can try It. The third kimono exercise is a see-saw motion. Up goes one arm and down goes the other. I The fourth Is the upward movement. You touch your fingertips above your head. Then you bend backward. You do this again and again until you feel yourself refreshed. It is the most freshening of all exercises. There is such a thing as being too tired to work hard. And for this there is the rest cure. Many a tired-out society woman takes the rest cure when she feels that she can not go on any longer. The rest cure calls for three remedies, the massage treat ment, the medicated bath and the rest cure proper. The massage treatment begins, if you are thin, with massaging oils Into the skin. The oils can be perfumed, and there are very thin, nice creams that are Just the thing for the purpose. An excellent massage cream Is no thick er than cream of milk. It Is made by tak ing an ounce of sheep's fat and keeping It hot in a double boiler. To this Is added two ounces of pure oil of sweet almonds. Finally there can be a few drops of the oil of lavender flowers, or a little oil of gera nium, to scent It. The whole Is removed from the fire and slowly beaten with an eggbeater as It cools. If too thin. It can be reheated and a lump of spermaceti of the size of walnut added. It will keep for ever and be nice for dally use. Massaging with a good cold cream Is an art understood especially by the Swedes', but It can be learned by anyone. The trick is to follow the muscles. Don't forget that it 13 the muscles that get tired. Massage them lightly, but fully, and remember that the treatment must be light and not at all fatiguing. The patient is tired to begin with, and the massage should be Invigorating rather than depressing. Medicated baths are understood throughout Europe, but are rare enough In this country. The mud bath, in par ticular, Is almost unknown here, xet it Is not so difficult to give a mud bath or a medicated bath. A handful of sweet herbs thrown Into the bath will help the tired nerves, and a little bath vinegar Is almost neces sary. There are ammonia preparations that are excellent, and you can make the best of cologne baths very cheaply. One woman gathers sweet herbs and covers them with white vinegar. This she pours off after a while, and strain ing the vinegar, she keeps It to add to the bath. There Is another woman who makes ah excellent rose vinegar for the toilet. She takes two handfuls of prepared and spiced rose leaves out of the rose jar and puts them In a deep stone crock. Into this she pours one quart of the best of claret vinegar. She lets this stand for three days, pours off and strains and bottles. Noth ing could be finer for the bath. Very weak ammonia scented with cologne Is good. And there Is a prepa ration called In the South the bath of the aristocracy. It is made by taking a pint of spirits of cologne and adding to It ten drops of good ammonia. This Is tightly corked. After a week a bottle of voilet toilet water Is added, and the whole 13 put away in a jug or large bottle. When the bath Is drawn it is made milky with a teaspoon of tincture of benzoin, and then a cup of this bath perfume Is added. This makes a deli cious bath. The tired-out woman should take a bath that refreshes the nerves. There is a whole lot In nerve refreshment. Don't think you can rest while your nerves ; are unstrung.