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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (June 28, 1903)
THE SUNDAY OEEGONIAN, POETLAND, JUNE 28, 1903. 3& OVER-EXPOSED AND UNDER-EXPOSED PLATES HINTS CONCERNING INSTANTANEOUS PICTURES ERRORS lN AMATEO-R PHOTOGRAPH g THE correct time for exposing- a nega tive plate lor both Indoor and out door work has been one of the greatest stumbling blocks to the amateur. Scores of times I have been asked: "How do you determine the proper time of ex posure to make a successful picture?" A number of booklets have been Issued by makers of cameras and others, setting forth the exact period required, for the exposure of .plates under every imagin able condition of light and shade, for both landscapes and Interiors; but these pamphlets frequently prove very confus ing. The best Instructor 1b your own judgment combined with experience. In my early days with the camera, I frequently experimented in exposing my plates and made a multitude of notes on this Important subject. Now, however, the correct exposure under the various conditions of light Is an Instinctive knowledge, and I time my exposures much as the expert "off-hand shot" with rifle or pistol fires at the mark without appearing to take aim. 'As his grasp of his gun decides the deadly aim of the trapper, so to the ex perienced photographer the period of time Is not a calculation, but an Instantaneous conclusion acquired by long practice. In my experience one of the surest guides on this point has been the ground glass of my camera. Regulate the diaphragm or stop in your lens, and when the sub ject to be photographed is reflected on the ground glass, note carefully the de gree of light and the time of exposure, and make a memorandum of the same for future reference. Thus you will grad ually learn to compare and judge of the respective times of exposure demanded by the different degrees of light. Suppose, for example, you make your ; first -experiment by placing In the holder a "Seeds' 'Gilt Edge No. 27" Sensito jneter plate. This plate is capable of very quick ex posure, your lens is of moderate speed, j the subject to be photographed is a land- I scape, and the day Is clear and sunny, j Focus carefully with a magnifying glass, j place the stop No. 16 In the lens, note the light on the ground glass, and re member the degree of Intensity. Give the plate an exposure of one-half second. Make another exposure of one second, under the same conditions, then another one of one and one-half seconds. It would also answer the same pur pose, but be decidedly more economical, to use but one plate for this experiment, drawing out' the slide covering the nega tive plate only a third of the way and giving this portion an exposure of one half second. Then draw the slide out another third of its distance and expose one-half second, thus giving an exposure of one second to the llrst portion of the plate uncovered. Finally remove the slide altogether and expose another half second; you will thus have secured an exposure of one and one-half seconds for the first, third of the plate, an exposure of one second for the second third of the plate, and an exposure of but one-half second for the last third of the plate. AH this of course must be very carefully done or your experiment will be a failure. You now have three exposures under the same conditions. Develop them care fully, and should the negative or that portion of it which has been given three seconds appear as plate No. 15, you will draw the conclusion that it has been over-exposed. The various objects In the picture will be well defined, as are the trees, bridge, etc., in the accompanying plate, and quite sharp when viewed through a magnifying glass, although the whole picture will have a dull and hazy effect. Of the two evils, over or under-exposure, the former is to be preferred, for in that case you can restrain .the strength of the developer and save the good qualities of the negative, but if under-exposed there is not much hope for the picture. I am fully cognizant of the fact that THE TWO VANREVELS By a single chain of circumstances Miss Betty Carcwe has como to confuse Tom Van revel and Cralley Gray, belle of Rouen, Ind., In the days Just preceding the Mexican war. Tom Vanrevel is a young lawyer of Rouen, and her father's mortal foe. The two men hare quarreled over politics and also on a. personal matter and old Carewe has threatened to shoot Tom should he ever find him on Carewe's property. Tom has fallen desperately in love with Miss Betty at first sight. Cralley Gray, lazy, generous, popular, talented, good-for-nothing, and poet, is Tom's law partner, and is engaged to Miss Fanchon Bareaud, but it Is becoming evident that he, as well as Tom, has fallen under the spell of Miss Betty's beauty. Shortly after two of old Carewe's great warehouses catch fire. Tom Vanrevel Is chief of the Rouen Are department, and Cralley Gray Is his lieutenant. Tom has Just start ed to climb to the roof of one of the burning -buildings. Miss Betty Is watching the pro ceedings from the outskirts of the crowd. CHAPTER V. The chief, three-fourths of the way to tho top, shouted down a stifled command, and a short grappling ladder, fitted at one end with a pair of spiked Iron hooks, was passed to him. Then he tolled upward until his feet rested on the third rung from the top; here he turned, setting his back to the wall, lifted the grappling lad der high over his head so that It rested against the eaves above him, and brought it down sharply, fastening the spiked hooks In the roof. As the eaves projected lully three feet, this left the grappling ladder hanging that distance out from the wall, its lowest rung a little above tho level of the chiefs shoulders. Miss Betty drew in her breath with a little choked outcry. There was a small terraced hill of plled-up packing boxes near her, possession of which had been taken by a company of raggamuffinlsh boys, and she found herself standing on the highest box and sharing the summit with these questionable youths, almost without noting her action in mounting thither, so strained was the concentra tion of her attention upon the figure high up In the roseglow against the warehouse wall. The man, surely, surely, was not going to trust himself to that bit of wooden web hanging from the roof! Where was Miss Bareaud that she permit ted it? Ah. if Betty had been Fanchon. and madwoman enough to have accepted this madman, she would have compelled him to come down at once, and thereafter would lock him up In the house whenever the bells rang! But the roof was to be mounted or Rob ert Carewe's property lost. Already little flames were dancing up from the shin gles, where firebrands had fallen, their number Increasing with each- second. So Vanrevel raised his arms, took a hard grip upon the lowest rung of the grap pling ladder, and tried it with his weight; nsthe iron hooks bit deeper into the roof; they held. He swung himself out Into the air with nothing beneath him, caught the rung under bis knee, and for a moment hung there, while the crowd withheld from breathing; then a cloud of smoke, swirling that way, made him the mere ghostly nucleus of itself, blotted him out altogether, and, as it rose slowly upward, showed the ladder free and empty, so that at first there was an Instant when they thought that he had fallen. But. as the smoke cleared; there Was the tall figure on the roof. It was an agile and a daring thing to do, and the man who did it was mightily applauded. The cheering bothered him, however, for he was trying to make them nderstand below what would happen to XO. XVI UNDER-EXPOSED PLATE. NO. XV there are many formulas both for the Intensification of under-exposed plates and for the reduction of those over-exposed, but I claim that It Is far better to learn the correct exposure and thus secure more uniformly satisfactory re the "Engine Company" In case the water was not sent through the lines directly; and what he said should be done to the engineers included things that would have blanched the cheek of the most invent ive Spanish Inquisitor that ever lived. Miss Betty made a gesture as If to a per son within whispering distance. "Your coat Is on fire," she said, in an ordinary conversational tone, without knowing she had spoken aloud, and Mr. Vanrevel, more than 100 feet away, seemed particu larly conscious of the pertinence of her remark. He removed the garment with j alacrity, and. for the lack of the tardy water, began to use it as a flail upon the firebrands and little flames about him; the sheer desperate best of a man in a rage, doing what he could when others failed him.' Showers of sparks fell upon him; the smoke was rising everywhere from the roof and the walls below; and, growing denser and denser, shrouded him in heavy veils, so that, as he ran hither and thither, now visible, now unseen, stamping and beating and sweeping away the brands that fell, he seemed but the red and ghostly caricature of a Xerxes, ineffectually lashing the sea. They were calling to him imploringly to come down, in heaven's name to come down! The second man had followed to the top of the ladder against the wall, and there he paused, waiting to pass up the line of hose when the word should come that the force-pump had been repaired; but the people thought that he waited because he was afraid to trust himself to the grap pling ladder. He was afraid, exceedingly afraid, though that was not why he wait ed; and he was still chuckling over the assault of the axes. His situation had not much the advant age of that of the chief: his red shirt might have been set with orange jewels, so studded It was with the flying sparks; and, a large brand dropping upon his helmet, he threw up his hand to dislodge it and lost the helmet. The great light fell upon his fair hair and smiling face, and it was then that Miss Betty recog nized the Incroyable of her garden. CHAPTER VL The Ever Unpractical Feminine. It was an Investigating negro child of tender years, who, possessed of a petty sense of cause and effect, brought an Illuminative simplicity to bear upon the problem of the force-pump; and a multitu dinous agitation greeted his discovery that the engineers had forgotten to con nect their pipes with the river. This naive omission was fatal to the second warehouse: the wall burst into flame below Cralley Gray, who clung to the top of the ladder, choking, stifled and dizzily fighting the sparks that covered him. yet still clutching the nozzle of the hoc line they had passed to him. When the stream at last leaped forth, making the nozzle fight in his grasp, he sent It straight up into the air, and let the cat aract fall back upon himself and upon the two men beneath him on the ladder. There came a moment of blessed relief, and he looked out over the broad rosy blur of faces in the street, where no one wondered more than he how the water was to reach the roof. Suddenly he start ed, wiped his eyes with his wet sleeve and peered Intently down from under the shading arm. His roving glance crossed the smoke and flame to rest upon a tall, white figure that stood, full-length, above the heads of the people, upon a pedestal wrought with the grotesque Images of boys; a girl's figuce. still as noon, enrapt. like the stature of some young goddess for whom were made these sacrificial -OVER-EXPOSED PLATE. sults both In finish and In the harmony of light and shade In the negative. XVI. Under-Exposed Platen. As a process of education. It Is well to look upon a picture which has the fault opposite to the one just considered. In i pyres- Mr. Gray recognized his opportu- nlty. A blackened and unrecognizable face peered down from the eaves, and the voice belonging to It said, angrily: "Why didn't they send uj that line be fore they put the water through it?" "Never mind, Tom." answered Cralley cheerfully, "I'll bring it up." "You can't; I'll come down for it Don't be every kind of fool!" "You want a mononoly, do you?" And Cralley, calling to Tappingham Marsh, next below him, to come higher, left the writhing nozzle In the latter's possession, swung himself out upon the grappllng- ladder, imitating the chief's gymnastics, j ana lmmeaiaiciy one nana grasping the second rung, one knee crooked over the lowest, leaned head down and took the nozzle from Marsh. It was a heavy weight and though Marsh supported the line be neath it, the great stream hurtling forth made it a difficult thing to manage, for it wriggled, recoiled and struggled as if it had Wfeen alive. Cralley made three at tempts to draw himself up. but the strain was too much for his grip, and on the third attempt his fingers melted from the rung, and swung down fearfully, hanging by his knee, but still clinging to tho ' nozzle. "Give it up. Cralley; It Isn't worth it," Vanrevel called from overhead, not daring the weight of both on the light grappllng ladder. But though Cralley caro no more for the saving of Robert Carewe's property than for a butterfly's wing fn China, he could not give up now, any more than as a lad he could have forborne to turn somersaults when the prettiest little girl looked out of the schoolhouse window. He passed the nozzle to Tappingham, caught the second rung with his left hand, and, once more, hanging head downward, seized the nozzle; then, with his knee hooked tight, as the gushing water de scribed a huge semi-circle upon the smoke and hot vapor, he made a mad lurch through the air, while women shrieked: but he landed upright, half-sitting on the lowest rung. He climbed the grappllng ladder swiftly, in spite of the weight and contortions of the unmanageable beast he carried with him. Tom leaned far down and took it from him; and Cralley, pass ing the eaves, fell, exhausted, upon the roof. Just as he reached this temporary security, a lady was borne, fainting, out of the acclaiming crowd. Fanchon was there. Word had been passed to. the gentlemen of the "Engine Company" to shut off the water in order to allow the line to be carried up the ladder, and they received the command at the moment Tom lifted the nozzle so that the stream dried up in his hands. This was the last straw, and the blackened, singed and scarred chief, setting the trumpet to his lips, gave him self entirely to wrath. In struck Cralley. even as he lay, cough ing and weeping with smoke, that there was something splendid and large in the other's rage. Vanrevel was ordinarily so steady and cool that this was worth see ing, this berserker gesture; worth hearing, this wonderful profanity, like Washing ton's one fit of cursing: and Cralley. know ing Tom, knew, too, that it had not come upon him because Carewe had a daughter Into whose eyes Tom had looked; nor did he rage because he believed that Craileys life and his were in the greater hazard for the lack of every .drop of water that should have Issued from the empty nozzle. Their lungs were burdened with smoke. XO. XVIIIA INSTANTANEOUS EXPOgURB. the under-exposed photograph shown In ance of fog It has what Is called a illustration No. 16 you will observe that "measly" look. This effect Is more difll the details are not sharply defined as j cult to counteract than Jhat of over-ex-ln the one printed from the over-exposed j posure; and even when every means to plate. I improve the picture has been used it is An under-timed picture has the appear- I not satisfactory. The amateur should. while the Intolerable smarting of throat. eyes, and nostrils was like the incision of a thousand needles In the membranes; ineir cioines were luminous witn glowing circles where the sparks were eating; the blaze widened on the wall beneath them, and Marsh was shouting hoarsely that he could no longer hold his position on the ladder; yet Cralley knew that none of this was in Tom's mind as he stood, scorched, blistered, and haggard, on the edge of the roof, shaking his fist at the world. It was because his chance of saving the property of a man he despised was being endan gered. Cralley stretched forth a hand and touched his friend's knee. "Your side of the conversation is a trifle loud, Tom," he said. "Miss Carewe is down there, across the street, on a pile of boxes." Tom stopped in the middle of a word. for which h mav hav tpppIvivI hut. half a black stroke from the recording angel. He wheeled toward the street, and shield- Ing his inflamed eyes with his hand, gazed downward In a stricken silence. From that moment Mr. Vanrevel's Instructions to his followers were of a decorum at which not the meekest Sunday have cavilled. school scholar dare The three men on the long ladder. Marsh, Eugene Madrillon, and Will Cummlngs. found their position untenable for the flames, reaching all along the wall, were licking at the ladder itself, between Marsh and Eugene. "I can't stand this any longer," gasped Tappingham, "but I can't leave those two up there, either." "Not alone," shouted Cummlngs from beneath Madrillon. "Let's go up." Thus it happened, that when the water came again, and Vanrevel let it fall In a grateful cascade upon Cralley and him self, three manly voices were heard sing ing, as three men tolled through the bil lows of rosy gray, below the beleaguered pair: "Oh, the noble Duke of York, He had ten thousand men; He marched them up the side of a house. And marched them down again!" A head appeared above the eaves, and Marsh, then Eugene, then Cummlngs, came crawling over the cornice In turn, to join their comrades. They were a gallant band, those young gentlemen of Rouen, and they carme with the ironical song on their Hps, and, looking at one another, ragged and sacrificed, burst into hoarse but indomitable laughter. , Two others made an attempt to follow, and would not be restrained. It was no ticed that parts of the lower ladder had been charring and the laddermen were preparing to remove It to a less dangerous point, when old General Trumble and young Jefferson Bareaud made a rush to mount It, and were well upon their up ward way before the ladder, weakened at the middle, sagged, splintered, and broke, Trumble and Bareud falling with It, And there was the grappling ladder,, dangling 40 feet above the ground; and there were the five upon the roof. The department had no other ladder of more than half the length of the shat tered one. Not only the department, but every soul in Rouen, knew that; and there rose the thick, low sigh of a multitude, a sound frightful to hear. It became a groan, then swelled Into a deep cry of alarm and lamentation. And now, almost simultaneously ,the west wall of the building, and the south wall, and all the southwestern, portion of the roof, covered themselves with volum inous mantles of flame, which' increased NO. XVI T IN WHICH PERPENDICULAR OBJECTS LEAN. NO. XVIIIB CAMERA SHUTTER BY BOOTH TARKINGTON .AutHor of "Monsieur Beaucaire and "The Gentleman J so hugely and with such savage rapidity j that the one stream on the roof was seen to be but a ridiculous and useless- oppo- sltion. Everybody began to shout advice to his neighbor, and nobody listened even to himself. The firemen were in as great a turmoil as was the crowd, while women covered their eyes. Young Frank Chen- J oweth was sobbing curses upon the bruised and. shaking Trumble and Jeffer son Bareud, who could only stand re morseful, lmpotently groaning, and made no answer. The walls of the southernmost ware house followed the roof, crashing inward, one after the other, a sacrificial pyre with its purpose consummated; and In the seetho and fiare of its passing, Tom Vanrevel again shaded his eyes with hl3 hand, and looked down across the upturned faces. I Ane Peaesuu wun tne grotesque carvings ! was stm there- but the crowning figure I naa aappearea-tne young goaaess 1 &lJUK; JUl J",c VL, u" "i I ?n Idea In her head and. after screaming 1 10 every man wiu i n reacn. on.y , cover the Impossibility of making herself understood In that Babel, she was strug- I gling to make her way toward the second j warehouse, through the swaying jam of j Reople. It was a difficult task, as the ' farther In she managed to go the denser j became the press and the 'more tightly she found the people wedged, until she re ceived Involuntary aid from the firemen. In turning their second stream to play Ineffectually upon the lower strata of flame, they accidentally deflected It toward the crowd, who separated wildly, leaving a big gap. of which Miss Betty took Instant advantage. She darted across and the next moment, unnoticed, had entered the building through the door which Cralley Gray had opened. The five young men on the roof were Well aware that there was little to do but to wait, and soon they would see which was to win, they or the fire; so they shifted their line of hose to the eastern front of the building out of harm's way, for a little time, at least and held the muzzle steady, watching Its work. And In truth It was not long before they un derstood which would conquer. The southern and western portions of the building had flung out great flames that fluttered and flared on the . breeze like Titanic flags; and steadily, slowly at first, then faster as the seconds flew, the Ave were driven backward, up the low slope of the roof toward the gable- ridge. Tom Vanrevel held the first joint of the nozzle, and he retreated with a sulky face,, lifting his foot grudgingly at each step They were all eilent now, and no one spoke until Will Cummlngs faltered: "Surely they'll get a rope up to us someway?" Will knew as well as did the others that there was no way; but his speech struck the sullen heart of the chief with remorse. He turned. "I hope you'll all forglre me for getting you up here." A sound, half sob, half giggle, came from the parched llpa of Eugene Madril lon. as he patted Tom on the( shoulder wiinout speaking, ana irauey nocaea ; quietly, then left the group and went to the eastern edge of the roof and looked out upon the crowd. Cummlngs dropped the line and sat down, burying his hot face In his arms, for they all saw that Vanrevel thought "it was no use," but a question of a few minutes, and they would retreat across the gable and either jump or go down with the roof. Since the world began idle and Industri ous philosophers have speculated much up- TOO SLOW. strive to learn the method of correct ex posure, and practice It. . XVII Where Perpendicular Objects Lean. This Is one of the most exasperating re sults that can come to the amateur pho- on the thoughts of men about to die; yet It cannot be too ingenous to believe that such thoughts vary as the men, their characters, and conditions of life vary. Nevertheless, pursuant with the traditions of minstrelsy and romance, it Is conceiva ble that young, unmarried men, called upon to face desperate situations, might at the crucial moment rush to a common experience of summoning the vision, each of his heart's desire, and to meet, each his doom, with her name upon his Hps. An extraordinary thing occurred In the present Instance, for, by means of some fragmentary remarks let fall at the time, and afterward recalled--3uch as Tapping ham Marsh's gasping: "At least It will be on her father's roof!" and from other things later overheard, an Inevitable de duction has been reached that four of the five gentlemen in the perilous case herein described were occupied with the vision of the -same person, to wit: Miss Eliza beth Carewe, "the last the prettiest to come to town!" Cralley Gray alone spoke not at all; but why did he strain and strain his eyes toward that empty pedestal with the gro tesque carvings? Did he seek Fanchon here, or was Miss Carewe the lasf sweet apparition in the fancies of all five of the unhappy young men? The coincidence of the actual appear ance of the lady among them, therefore, seemed the more miraculous when, wan and hopeless, staggering desperately back ward to the gable ridge, they heard a dear contralto voice behind them: "Hadn't you better all come down now?" It said. "The stairway will be on fire before long." eA-RE OF THE BATH "ROOM NO MORE scrupulous, task awaits the housemaid than the dally care of tho bathroom, and as modern sanitation has made her task comparatively a light one. It should be most faithfully performed. The rug, preferably of washable material, should be dally shaken and the floor, If of tile, wiped with a damp cloth. Wooden floors should be dusted with one of the long-handled lamb's wool brushes nsed for floors, especial pains being taken to reach under and bshind the fixtures to remove every accumulation. That everything thus collected should be burned seems obvious, but long and rigorous training Is sometimes required to persuade the ignorant not to drop them down the water closet. Nothing Is more provocative of plumbers' bills than to do so, evi bits of soap, harmless as they seem, having a a tendency to collect all other solid par ticles, and cause an accumulation which it will cost much to remove. The Interior of the catch-basin must be dally cleansed with a long-handled, stiff brush, slightly curved at the end. Do not buy a cheap one, as the bristles will fall out. Avoid the use of sapolio or cleansing powders for cleaning the marble basin and the bathtub. Strong soapsuds, with ammonia or soda, should be used now and then, but for the daily care of these fixtures, as well as the water faucets, the quickest and beat cleanser Is gasoUne. Moisten a . small cloth with thl3 and a quick rubbing will cause the streaks of greasy dirt to disappear as if by magic All nickel Is at once brightened by Its use. There are objections to its odor. .butfresh air from the. -windows, opened at the top and bottom, will remove this. toerauher. Often the nlcturo la correct In every other respect; the focus Is good, the exposure Is right and the development is satisfactory. Why, then, after all. Is the picture so disappointing? Why do the trees, buildings, fences and other perpen dicular objects lean as If about to. fall to the earth? This is the fault shown In illustration No. 1". It Is caused by wrong perspective, and any lens will show It regardless of the Drlce the wide angle lens even more than others. Any photograph of a high build ing, when taken from the ground, will show this defect in the result, no matter what lens Is used, unless the camera has a swing back which enables the photog rapher to adjust the ground glass to a vertical position. By examining the Im age in this vertical position It will he no ticed that the Image is correctly por trayed, and when the plateholder Is ad justed in the same vertical position the exposure will produce the picture in cor rect perspective. This shows the necessi ty of using a swing back to avoid this fault which cannot otnerwise be elim inated with the hand camera that does not have the swing back. XVIII Ixmtantnneoas Exposures. Truly instantaneous photography is one of the most difficult branches of the art of picture-taking. It requires not only a quick eye, but good, as well as swift judgment, keen perception and a thorough knowledge of the detail; of photography. To these qualities should be added cool ness and deliberation enough to snap the shutter at the proper moment or rather fractional part of a second in most cases. You should be neither too slow nor too fast or you will loso the peculiar effect you desire to capture. An enthusiastic amateur attempted to make an Instantaneous photograph of a locomotive and train of cars, which were tearing along at the rate of a mile a min ute. He snapped the shutter, as he sup posed, at the moment the train was pass ing; but the plate, when developed, re vealed only a bare track, with no trace of "the living engine and its tall." In illustration. No. IS A, the yacht had passed the point which would have placed It in the center of the plate, before the shutter was snapped thus rendering the representation Incomplete. But for thl3 slowness on the part of the operator, the picture would have been- good In all its details. Do not stand too close to the scene or object to be photographed. For Instance. If you wish to make a picture of a train of cars at full speed, take a position fully a hundred and fifty feet distant and make your exposure at an oblique angle, say 45 to 90 degrees, with the moving train coming towards you. The distance scale of your camera should be set at 100 feet or the universal fociis. Contemplate the approaching train with calmness, and when It appears in full view upon the center of your camera finder, snap the shutter. Hold the camera firmly, and do not hesitate or delay action for even the hundredth part of a second. To obtain the best results in this class of work, patience and experience are necessary. Should the object taken move faster than the" speed of the camera shutter the result on the negative will be as shown In illustration No. IS B. The speed of the shutter must .exceed the speed of the subject photographed. Study the best effects, even In Instan taneous work; if it appears that the engi neer of the passing train Is about to blow his whistle or make a signal, wait as long as you can for the more artistic picture. If the subject Is a carriage In motion, choose the point of view which presents the most .attractive background. All these details should be considered and with care can be made to count In tho finished work. Many amateurs seem to desire only in stantaneous work, because there Is more excitement in It; yet In most cases this very excitement is the cause of the fail ure to make a good nlcture. Perseverance and vigilance will finally overcome all difficulties, and he who has patience to continue in this work will find himself amply rewarded. From Indiana' Only one thing could have been more shockingly unexpected to the five than that there should be a sixth person on tho roof, and this was that the sixth person should be Miss Betty Carewe. They turned, aghast, agape, chopfallen with astonishment, stunned and incredu lous. She stood just behind the gable ridge, smiling amiably, a most Incongruous lit tle pink fan in her hand, the smoke wreaths partly obscuring her and curling between the five and her white dress like mists floating across the new moon. Was it but a kindly phantasm of the brain? Was it the incarnation of the last vision of the lost Volunteers? Was It a Valkyrie assuming that lovely likeness to the perch upon this eyrie, waiting to bear their heroic souls to Valhalla, or was it Miss Betty Carewe? To the chief she spoke all of them agreed to that afterward but it was Cralley who answered, while Tom could only stare and stand wagging his head at the lovely phantom, like a mandarin on a shelf. "My mother In heaven!" gasped Cralley. "How did you come up here?" "There's a trap in the roof on the other side of the ridge," she said, and she be gan to fan herself with the pink fan. "A stairway runs all the way down old Nelson showed me through these build ings yesterday and that side Isn't on fire yet. I'm so sorry I didn't think of it until a moment ago, because you could have brought the water up that. way. But don't you think you'd better come down now?" For safety, never do this cleansing with gasoline when there is artificial light of any kind In the room; nevet Ught a match while It is being done, and use only a small bottle for holding it, hang ing this outside the bathroom window when not using It, with the wire fastened to its neck for the purpose. For cleans ing the overflow holes In the wash basin, use a small bristle brush, see that there are no accumulations In the openings where the water runs off, and wipe all shelves frequently. All soiled linen should be dally removed, and fresh cloths and towels put in its place. This dally care, the occasional use of a good disinfectant, and a frequent flushing of all openings with hot water will impart a comfort and well-being to the household not rtr valed In any other department, except, perhaps, the kitchen. Palpable Hint. 4 Minneapolis Messenger. There 1$ a little matter to which the Mettengar beg? to call the attention of $ome of lt$ Jubjcriber?. We really hate to Jpeak of it, but Jo me have Seemingly al lowed It to ?llp their mlndl. To uj this ii a very Important IJJue. In fact It'l necejjary to our bu$!ne& We won't Jpeak further on the Subject. PerhapJ you have already guejjed the drift of our remark. Trants 10,000 Years Old. Successful American. It Is claimed that trusts are 10,000 years old. There are, indeed, evidences that one of the Kings of Egypt ran a brick making monopoly, and it is an indisput able fact that a corner In wheat played a conspicuous part in public affairs, la Scriptural times.