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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (Dec. 30, 1900)
THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN, PORTLAND, DECEMBER 30, 1900. CLERKSHIP ABUSE Oregon Legislature Likely to Grapple With It As Usual. MANY WANT SINECURE JOBS Slain Provisions of Law Passed at Iiast Session for Reform Essential Qualifications for Cleric Posi tion Not Very Remunerative. SALEM, Or., Dec 29. The clerkship abuse Is one of the most difficult problems each session of the Legislature which it has had to grapple with, and it is to be expected that the coming session will bo no exception. The last Legislature passed a general law declaring what of ficers. Including clerks, shall be elected in each body, but it is readily apparent that one Legislature cannot pass laws which shall limit the powers of another Legislature, The general law, therefore, can act as little more than a standard by which one Legislature would govern another If It could. It is but the expres sion of legislative opinion as to the num ber of clerks that are needed. The clerkship abuse is not due entirely to bad Intentions on the part of legis lators. Probably nine out of 10 of the members of that body come to Salem with the intention of making a record for econ omy such as will be approved by their constituents. But they find long before the opening day of the session, that their constituents are clamoring for "places," regardless of the need for employes. Near ly every man who Imagines he had an Influence In securing the election of a legislator from his county wants some po litical favor therefor. Many look upon, a legislative clerkship as eom-jthlng to be desired, and seek an appointment of this kind for themselves or their friends. The members of the Legislature are so strong ly urged to secure positions of this kind that they are scarcely to be blamed for yielding. For any small portion of the total number of applicants to be accom modated means that there shall be created a largo number of clerkships that are al most entirely useless. The persons who aVe given these positions do a small amount of work each day work that the members could as well do themselves and thus make a pretense of being busy. After the close of every session clerks may be heard to say that they did noth ing during the whole 40 days but paste printed bills In the books of the members who secured their appointment. This Is work that can be done In a few moments each day, and which should be done by the members themselves. In many cases these useless clerkships have been created for some relative of a member of the Legislature. The members do not usually appoint their own relatives to such positions, but can easily make an exchange of courtesies with each other by which "you appoint my brother and I will appoint yours." Appointments of this kind are usually pure grafts the clerks having nothing to do, and being In many cases not possessed of the ability to do the work properly if they had any assigned them. A legislative clerk should be more than a good penman and copyist. He should be a good grammarian, have an understanding of the proper construction of sentences with a view to preclseness of meaning, and by all means thorough In the principles of punctuation. It is to be expected that the members of the Leg islaturemany of them farmers and busi ness men who have given no attention to such matters for years should be defi cient In their knowledge of grammar and rhetoric. It Is to be expected that In drafting bills they will express their Ideas in a cumbersome and often ambiguous style. In such cases the clerks should notice th errors and be able to suggest an Improvement. But the records show that such Is not always the case. Poor punctuation and poor wording often go unnoticed, and not Infrequently errors of punctuation creep in while the bills are in. the hands of the clerks. The Legisla ture might not be so far wrong If it re quired candidates for clerkships to pass 1 a competitive examination In these mat ters. The last Legislature passed an act near the close of the session which was ex pected to bring about a reform in tho employment of clerks. The essential feat ures of tho law are as follows: "On the permanent organization of tho Senate the following officers shall bo elected by ballot: A president, a chief clerk, one assistant chief clerk, one read ing clerk, one calendar clerk, one ser-geant-at-arms, one doorkeeper, one mail ing clerk, threo pages, one chief and one assistant clerk for the judiciary commit tee, one chief clerk and one assistant clerk for the ways and means committee, one chief clerk and one assistant clerk for the committee on engrossed bills, one chief clerk and ono assistant clerk for the com mittee on. enrolled bills, ono clerk for the president of the Senate, three expert etenographers and 12 committee clerks. "On permanent organization of the House of Representatives the following officers shall be elected by ballot: One speaker, one chief clerk, one assistant chief clerk, one reading clerk, one calen dar clerk, ono sorgeant-at-arms, one door keeper, one mailing clerk, three pages, one chief clerk and one assistant clerk for the Judiciary committee, one chief clerk and ono assistant clerk for the ways and means committee, ono chief clerk and one assistant clerk for the committee on en grossed bills, one chief clerk and one as sistant clerk for the committee on en rolled bills, ono clerk for tho speaker of the House, five export stenographers and IS committee clerks. "The expert stenographers and commit tee clerks shall be under the supervision of tho chief clerk of the House or Senate, as the case may be. to bo assigned by him to duty on such committee as may .make application to him for clerks. The chief clerk shall file all applications for clerks or stenographers in the order of their receipt, and shall assign from the force or committee clerks and stenpgra phens In the order of applications made. It shall be the duty of all committee clerks or stenographers, after completing the work to which they' have been as signed, to report to the chief clerk; pro vided, that the working hours of no com mittee clork or expert or stenographer (clerk) shall exceed eight hours per day. "The compensation of the officers shall be as follows per day: President of the Senate and speaker of tho House, $5; chief clerk, $S; assistant chief clerk, $6; reading clerk. $6; calendar clerk, $6; ser-ueant-at-arms, $3; doorkeeper, $4: mailing clerk, $4; page, $2; expert stenographer, $5; chief clerk on the judiciary, ways and means, engrossed bills and enrolled bills committees, $5; assistant clerks on the same committees, $3; committee clerks, 53; clerk of the president of the Senate. S3; clerk of the speaker of the House, $5. "In the Senate the officers, except the president and three pages, being 30 In number, shall be elected one from each senatorial district in the state, if there be a competent applicant from such dis trict. In the House of Representatives the officers shall be elected from the vari ous counties of the state In the propor tion that such county is represented in that body, so far as possible; provided, there bo competent applicants from the several counties. "No person shall be employed as clerk or stenographer. In cither house who Is not In every way competent to perform any and all work he or she may be called upon to perform, and any person employed by virtue of or under the provisions of this act may be dismissed by the House making such employment at any time upon, & majority vote thereof." The securing of a committed clerkship Is not so profitable as to warrant the great scramble for the positions. Such a position pays $3 per day for 40 days. At the least estimate, a stranger will pay out 51 per day for living expenses while here. It takes a considerable expenditure of time and money to secure the appoint ments, and there are other expenses In traveling, etc. Considering the poor chances for securing a position and the small net profit to bo made, any young man or woman of Industry and ability could do better by looking to same other source for employment. WASTED FOR. HOLD-UP. Two Men Arrested at HUlsboro at In stance of Portland Police. HILLSBORO. Iec 29. Detective Ford, of Portland, tonight departed with J. T. McNamara and Carl Larsen, wanted In Multnomah County on a charge of hold ing up two men on the Canyon road lead ing from Portland to Beaverton. The men were arrested at the request of the Portland police. McNamara is well known to the peace officers in this part of the state. He commenced his career by spending sev eral years at the State Reform School, and since bis parole from that Institution has been mixed up In several larcenies. Larsen has hitherto been considered reli able and trustworthy, and dates his downfall to recent association with Mc Namara. Charged With. Murder of Chinaman. James Aiken was brought here from Portland last evening, charged with the murder of the Chinaman, Gulo Sule, killed near Raleigh several weeks ago. Young Aiken is considered very tough, and when arrested here- some months ago on a warrant from Multnomah County opened fire on the officers, and was only taken after several shots were exchanged. nenringr of Murder Trial Delayed. Owing to the absence of Deputy Dis trict Attorney E. B. Tongue, Charles Wambeke, charged with the murder of Andrew Dahlberg, did not have his hear ing today. Wambeke continues to exhibit a serenity of manner, and under tho cir cumstances dlpplays very little nervous ness. "Wambeke is not a man of means, but owns his little home and Is out of debt Wanted for Sbootlnfr at Another. The authorities are wanting a young fellow by the names of Arthur Fleck, who, at Beaverton, Christmas night, shortly after the Sheridan express pulled Into that station, took a shot at another young fellow by the name of Hughson. The trouble is said to have arisen over rivalry between the two boys paying at tentions to the same young woman. Fleck discovered Hughson walking on the sta tion platform with the girl in question, followed them, and then opened fire on his rival. Fleck fled before a' warrant could be served. Liquor Got Him Into Trouble. INDEPENDENCE. Or., Dec 29. Frank Toung was fined $25 today for "being drunk and disorderly and utlng abusive language" last night. He has not yet paid the amount Into the court, and to night occupies a cell In the City Jail. While under the influence of intoxi cants last, night, Toung entered a candy store here and Is said to have used very vile language to the lady In charge. He was taken out several times, but insisted on returning The man of the house Anally appeared and laid him out with an Iron weight, after he had succeeded In breaking the showcases, scales and other portable property that could be damaged. Young resisted arrest by Policeman Tupper, who thereupon knocked him down and landed him In Jail. lie was arraigned before City Recorder Henkle today, and pleaded guilty to the charge hereinbefore stated. It is said that charges of assault and the destruction of property will be lodged against Young as soon as he is released from jail. Had Money Hidden in Shoe. FOREST GROVE, Or., Dec 29. David Keen put $40 50 into the toe of one of his shoes last night and placed It on his back porch for safe-keeping. To his surprise, this morning, when he went for the mon ey, he found only 55 cents, and a note which read: "I will divide, nice moon shine, good-bye." The thief also took a G. A. R. coat Mr. Keen Is a cripple, and an industrious, hard-working man. The loss is a very heavy one. Oregon Crime Notes. William Harris Is under $50 bonds at Pendleton to keep the peace. Frank Harrison has received a sentence of 12 days in Jail at Pendleton for theft of $5. Robert Aho and John Luckland were fined $10 each at Astoria Friday for dis orderly conduct Hattle-A-Chumps, an Indian, is charged at Pendleton with having stolen a span of horses from A. D. Blue. HARNEY COUNTY CATTLE RANGES. Never Known to Be Better Winter Fcedlnir Almost Unnecessary. BURNS. Or., Dec. 29. A few cattlemen hereabouts find It necessary to feed their stock fodder, although the number of cattle is not considerable. This has been a very mild Winter in this section, and the open range was never known to be so good. Stein Mountain sheepmen report that they have not yet found It necessary to feed their flocks. The sheep are doing well on tho range The only complaint they voice is of the scarcity of snow, which has held herds off unwatered ranges where grass is abundant Sheepmen who have been engaged in tho business in Harney County for years state they have never seen a more prolific growth of grass than mat which has marked this Winter. A Few Anxious About Water. Heavy owners of hay lands In Harney Valley express anxiety about water for irrigation purposes next year. The fall of deep snow has been so long delayed uiat they fear the supply of water In Stlvle River will not be equal to the demands their meadows will make upon it Little permanent snow has fallen in the high mountains about tho river's head, though thft season for a "cold snap" can not said to be past NORTHWEST DEAD. Joseph. Burger, an Old Resident of The Dalles. THE DALLES, Or., Dec 29. Joseph Burger, an old resident of this place. died last night of paralysis, aged 70 years. He was born In Mansfield, O., from which place he started West In 189, crossing the plains and settling In California, where he engaged in mining for some years. In 1S70 Mr. Burger moved to The Dalles, where he married Mrs. Belle Derlckson, who survives him. The funeral took place today under tho auspices of the Knights of Pythias. Mrs. William Chalmers, of Leisyvllle. HDLLSBORO, Or., Dec 29. Mrs. Will iam Chalmers, residing near Leisyville, died at tho family home last evening. She had been ailing for years, but death was unexpected. Her husband and two of the children had gone to a neighbors, and upon their return found the wife and mother on her death bed. Mrs. Chal mers was a native of Scotland, and had boen a resident of Washington County for several years. She was prominent In church circles. To View Out School Sites. SOUTH BEND, Dec 29. At a mass meeting last night, a committee was ap pointed to view out sites for two new schoolhouses, one in each end of the town. This practically settles In a satisfactory manner a question which has long been of contention here. TO CUT RAILROAD RATES representative butt will father bill to this effect. Would Reduce Passencer Charge to Three Cents per Mile Friendly to McBrldc for Senator. NKWBERG. C-r.. Dec 23. Representa tive Butt, of Yamhill County, today stat ed that he proposes to Introduce two bills in the next Legislature. One will be for the reduction of- passenger rates on rail roads to 3 cents per mile, and the other will be for taxing dogs for the purpose of creating a fund from which sheep owners may be reimbursed for losses sus tained by the ravages of the animals. Mr. Butt says tha while he Id of the opinion that tie Supreme Court ought to have some relief, he will be guided by the THOUGHT TO BE OLDEST tBonn--nnanaKnannnManEBnaBnHainaBpiHnMnBaMMBi WILLIAM SHEPHERD. HALSEY. Dec. 20. It is believed that "William Shepherd, of this place, has been a sub scriber to The Oregonlan longer than any person In Oregon. He became a regular reader of the paper In 1850, and, with tho exception of ono year, has since been a regular patron. Mr. Shepherd is an Oregon pioneer of 1S47. He has resided on his farm, six miles south of here, for nearly 40 years. vote of the people on this question at the June election. He thinks that the Intent of the constitution Is plain, and will not favor the creation of a commission by the Legislature. On the primary election law bis votj will depend on the nature of the bill pre sented, but he is of the opinion tiat sut-h a measure will not be approved by voters outside of cities on account of the cost It would entail In holding the primaries. On the question of his vote for TJnl'ed Slates Senator, Mr. Butt declined to de fine himself, saying that coalitions we-e liable to change before tha time for tak ing the vote However, he stated that If It came to a vote between Hon. H. W. Corbett and Senator McBride he would vote for the latter. He favors a Senatorial caucus and s willing to abide by the result whether the vote be secret or by open ballot TO PROTECT DAIRY INTERESTS. Representative Looncy Has Bill to This End Other Needed Lavrs. JEFFERSON, Or., Dec 29. Representa tive Looney, of Marlon County, an nounces that he will introduce a bill at the coming session of the Legislature to amend the pure food law, passed the last session. The object of the measure will be to afford due protection to the increasing dairying Industry of the state. Speaking of the proposed law, Mr. Looney said: "If this law protects tho producer from eomnptltlnn tcHh nriultirntfl nr rirrtopsa food, as I believe it -will, and also pro- ' Young lawyers of The Dalles have or tects tho consumer, I predict a great ganlzed a debating club, future for tho dairying Interests of Ore- I Militia Companies C and G will play gon." J football at Albany Tuesday. Mr. Looney also favors a better road Revival meetings are being conducted at system. On this subject he said: 1 the Albany Christian Church. "The convict road .bill for working con- ; Tno Pollc county Mohair Association vlcts on the public highways between , wU1 meet at Daas January 5. and It would be well to make it a perma v. fw w. .j....w.w, nent law stipulating that convicts should work all roads 'leading through state property at Salem and to work on the state grounds when necessary; extra guards to receive the same compensation as those employed at the state peniten tiary grounds, and to be employed only during the actual time when convicts are at work on the roads or grounds. "I expect also to Introduce a drainage bill. This will be to drain water oft pub lic roads through private property where ever there Is a natural waterway. Grad ing and graveling road beds will not make a perfect highway unless we have some systematic way of drainage "As for a primary reform law. It seems to me that It would be a great expense to the state, and I doubt whether it would accomplish what Is expected of it I cannot say that I favor it" OUTSPOKEN FOR CORBETT. Representative Kccne's Choice for T.-. Senator Would Amend Road Laws. statton'. Or.. Dpc 29 RpnrPsntiiM Keen Is outspoken m favor of Hon. H. W. Corbett, of Portland, for United States Senator, and announced today his inten- tion to vote for him at the coming Legis- latlve session. Mr. Keene believes tho State of Oregon and tho Republican party would have in Mr. Corbett a zealous and capable representative, one whose ripo experience and mature years specially qualify him for effective labor In tho up per house of Congress, at this juncture in National affairs. No other candidate so far mentioned for that position appeals to Mr. Keene on an equal footing with Mr. Corbett whose personal record he ad mires, and whose political opinions have his indorsement Upon the question of holding a caucus Mr. Keene will be guided by circumstances after the Legislature Is convened. He is not opposed to caucuses if the Interests of the party shall best be subserved In hold ing one; but at the present time he pre fers not to state what course be will pur sue. Gin. Keene takes an active interest In road legislation, but is pronounced in his .nn,ci,L t , -v opposition to any graft in tho shape of state or county engineers of public high ways. He has In view a bill calculated to Improve the present road law, a concise bit of legislation that will bring super visor and the road-working public Into more effective union. He believes In a 10-hour day for road work. A bill putting Justices of th& Peace In cities of 000 and upward on a salary will have Mr. Kecne's cordial support TO" VISIT EASTERN STAR LODGES. Grand Worthy Matron Will .Tour Willamette Valley Next Wcelc. PENDLETON, Or., Dec. 23. Mrs. Jessio S. Vert, grand worthy matron of Oregon, Order of Eastern Star, will leave Mon day, January 7, for the towns of the Willamette Valley, to Unlsh her official visits to the different chapters. Mrs. Vert h4s C3f lodges to visit before the meeting of the grind chapter, which will convene at Pendleton next June. A Fractious Prisoner. Edward W. Osburn enlivened matters In the office of Justice of the Peace Fitz Gerald Friday. , He had Just been con .vlcted of larceny by bailee and sentenced to pay a fine of $25. when he struck C E. Dugger, the complaining witness, back of the ear and was fined $20 for mis demeanor in presence of the court He Is serving- his 22 days in Jail, not having money to pay his fine. White Talc, or Chalk, Discovered. C. O. Alllsop, while excavating on the property of J. F. Nolin, In North Pendle ton, struck a stratum of white talc, or chalk. Tho value of the discovery has not yet been determined. flOOO Blooded Calf Imported. CORVALLIS. Or., Dec 23. A calf, of OREGON1AN SUBSCRIBER. which the purchase price Is believed to have been $1000, Is expected to arrive here tonight The animal Is an Aberdeen, An gus of purest blood, and was recently purchased by M. Porter, living eight miles south of Corvallls. Though less than a year old, the calf weighs H00 pounds. The animal is from the well-knovpn herd of Wallace Estll, of New Franklin,. Mo., famed far and wide s a breeder of Aber deen Angus cattle. It was selected by Dr. Wlthycombe, vice-director at the State Agricultural College Experiment Station, who made the choIcVafter visltinjr many , of the fairs and stock shows In the East ern states on a recent trip jsast ur. Wlthycombe believes the calf to be as fine a there is on the continent Mr. Porter, the purchaser, owns a bull of the same breed, which was a leading prizewinner at the Columbia exposition at Chicago. Other calves of tho same stock and from the same' firm have been sold at a more advanced age, at prices ranging from $2000 to $3000. New "Washington Postofnce. WASHINGTON, Dec 25. A postofnce has been established at Berlin, King County, Wash., with Bernard A. Baer locher as Postmaster. Oregon Notes. Circuit Court convenes at Dallas next week. Smallpox quarantine at Gaston has been raised. A lodge of Modern Woodmen has been Instituted at Dallas. (nfl(iflt1 ,! rt ,1a ... l.0l,A, WU4UUI.MUII til 111C 11CW HUiipibat Cb Baker City will begin In early Spring. An effort Is being made to Induce the Moro Council to grant saloon licenses. Knights of Pythias will hold a district convention at The Dalles January 19. Griffin Cabin, Native Sons, of HUlsboro, will give an annual ball Tuesday even ing. J. P. Abbott, a farmer of Wasco County, has finished the most up-to-date resi dence In the county. Plans aro being drawn for a number of modern residences at Baker City, to be erected In the Spring. A freight car Jumped the track on tho Sumpter Railroad Thursday evening, and did slight damage to the roadbed. The Grotto Saloon, of Roseburg, has been attached by tho Albany Brewing Company and the Roseburg National Bank. The Medford Bank, last Monday, pre sented to Its customers and friends In s Jackson County 700 buckskin money I pouches. I So far thero Is not much snow in the . Blue Mountains. At Fletcher's saw mill. ' on. the fmlt beyond Weston, there is i only onJ? , I -1- apiam ueary, 01 orvauis, nas mado a compromise with the Insurance company In which her husband was In sured, accepting $3000 In lieu of the claim of $5000. Washington County citizens are sub scribing liberally to a fund which will go to Increase the reward offered by the county for the conviction of Dahlberga murderer. The Pendleton Health Officer has raised tho quarantine upon the upper part of tho building at the corner of Court and Johnson streets, where there have been two mild cases of smallpox. Judge Eakln, as Judga of the eighth judicial district has appointed a commit tee from the Union County bar to ar- rrango for a proper observance of John Marshall day, on February 4, at the Union Courthouse. The Heppner Gazette says the cause of the death of a cow a year ago has Just "" SAm'SI TTY i. iiT eton for chicken feed, an Iron clevis. lx pounds In weight, was found lodged at the base of the tongue It is rumored that U. S. McHargue. the Reedville school-teacher, will make a. hard struggle to have his case before, the State Board of Education reopened in the hope that he will obtain a more favorable de cision than the one revoking' his right to teach. The Sumpter Transportation Company has been reorganized. James Newlanas has been removed from the office of sec retary, and Attorney N. C Richards elect ed In his place. Tom McEwen remains president and general manager; T. G. Harrison, treasurer, and W. H. Cade, vice-president TEACHERS ADJOURNED CONVENTION -OF STATE ASSOCIA TION CONCLUDED SESSION. Recommendations Concerning polntment of Text-Boole Commission. Ap- ALBANY, Or., Dec 29. The annual con vention of the Western division of tha Oregon State Teachers' Association closed today" at noon. The session opened Wed nesday. It was noticeable that the at tendance was made up principally of, Ore gon men and women, who received the great part of their culture in the schools of the state Many have said that the strongest papers produced at any educa tional association in Oregon were read at this gathering. Many teachers from Eastern Oregon have signified their In tention and willingness to Join the teach erss at the coming session at Eugene. The general morning session met at the Christian Church at 9 o'clock, Vice-President Campbell presiding. "School Libraries. How to Secure," was the subject of papers by Professor C, A. Hitchcock, of the Asland public schools, and Professor L. M. Traver, of Rose burg. The former carefully outlined the books that could bo secured. Books out of copyright can be purchased at greatly reduced rates, said he. and answer every purpose In country and village schools, about one-half the books to the number of scholars Is sufficient AH schools should have a library. Professor Traver said In part: "The li brary question is as old as schools. It is a necessity. Young men should be taught that If Is not a disgrace to come home during the vaaction seasons and help around tho farm. Too much time is being devoted to football. A bill has been pre pared and will be presented to the Legis lature asking that common school li braries be established. The laws of many states were revelowed and compared. It is tho duty of the state to educate its citizens, and a school library is essential. Superintendent Ackerman, who has pre pared the Oregon bill. Intends that It shall cause libraries to be scattered through out the state." Upon motion of Secretary Jones the meotlng proceeded to the business of the association, selection of location for next year's meeting and the election of officers. Superintendent Robinson named Portland; Professor Ltttlefleld, McMlnnville; Profes sor Miller. Eugene: Professor Jones, Sa lem: Professor McDonald, CorvalSs. Su perintendent Martlndale extended an Invi tation on behalf of the Albany people. After several ballots Eugene received 103 votes, Portland 57. and McMlnnville 13. Tho following officers were elected to serve for the ensuing year: President P. L. Campbell, of the Mon mouth State Normal School first vice president K. I. Ressler, of Eugene: .sec ond, vice-president D. A. Grout, of Port land; secretary, G. W. Jones, of Salem: treasurer Miss Bertha Slates, of the Drain Normal School. Henry D. Sheldon of Eugene, and A. C. Hitchcock, of Ashland, were unanimously elected to serve as members pf tha exec utive committee. Tho committee on resolutions submit ted Its report, thanking the citizens of Albany for the liberal us of their churches and other public buildings, the general and local committees, the press for the generous treatment, and the rail road for their liberal reduction in rates. D. V. S. Reld Introduced a resolution asking the Governor to appoint a lady member of the state text-book .comlsslon, and moved the adoption. After a short discussion the resolution was laid on the tabic In order that a system of country cen tral public schools may be established, a resolution was passed that the associa tion respectfully urge the State Legis lature to pass laws that will establish such a system of public schools for the State of Oregon. The recommendation of the committee on high schools that a committee be ap pointed to suggest to the .State Board of Education a course or courses of study for grades above the eighth grade In towns of less than 4000 people was adopt ed without a dissenting voice. President Frank Strong, President W. H. Lee, and Professor J. L. Landers, of The Dalles, were appointed to serve as such commit tee. President Campbell spoke on the topic of "Constructive Work." "The object of our education Is to make effective men and women," said the speaker. "That man or woman Is counted a failure who accomplishes little, or nothing In life. We live not for ourselves alone, but to be of use to our fellow-man. To accomplish something is the prime object of school life. Constructive work will fill a long want" Tho discussion was continued by Miss MagersH of the Salem public schools. "Plays In the kindergarten are con structive In their character," said the speaker, "or lead up to constructive work. In this way the hand and eye are thor oughly trained, and this contributes to brain force. Constructive work should not be confused with brain work." I would suggest three lines of constructive work: First, cardboard modeling; sec ond, paper-folding; third, brush drawing. Results obtained arq concentration of thought, order, neatness, application, etc. I would, while training the hand and the eye, develop the Imagination. The work followed cannot fall to develop a taste for the beautiful." At the close of tho discussion of this topic. Dr. Kellogg presented the subject of "Practical Psychology," but, owing to the lateness of the hour, cbuld not enter Into a thorough discussion of the sub ject The speaker paid a high tribute to tho teacher's profession. In part, his re marks were as follows: "The mind of the young child Is a vir gin territory, possessing certain natural possibilities, fertile to certain products, and may, under cultivation, produce things not strictly native to Its soIL The brain is divided into definitive tracts or areas, which are composed of from 1,000, 000,000 to 2,000,000,000 cells. It seems Impos sible to increase 'the number of cells, and hence the full stimulation of all the cells In all the tracts of the brain of any in dividual is the full limit of his possible development Education, on Its physical side at least, consists in the development of the cells in the brain tracts, such de velopment being termed stimulation. No person ever lived in whose brain all the cells had been developed in all the tracts, while the limit of development In any tract may occasionally be reached. This development Is mainly accomplished In early life, and out of the possibilities of the Individual certain developments de termine what of these shall become the probabilities of his life, and how great a fraction of the whole man he may be come. "The public schools show progress not only In tha proper range of studies now provided, but in the use of the cultural and esthetic In song, art, morals and nature study especially, etc, making pos sible the fuller development of the aver age student; that Is, making the average development of all students higher. "In the stimulation of the cells of the brain tracts, wisely and prudently di rected, lies the opportunity and respon slblltly of the teacher. The schoolroom Is more than a place of literary learn ing; It Is an Introduction to and prepara tion for life, in large measure, as inter preted by the teacher. "Manner and means of stimulation are of first-rato importance. Guyan says, 'All education, indeed, should be directed to this end. to convince the child that he Is capable of good and Incapable of evil, In order that he may become actual ly so,' or, as Drummond says, We be come honest by practice' "The means of stimulation are Infinite, almost, and may be physical, mental, I moral, religious, spiritual, pauiouc, laiten j from nature, from book, brooks, sky, flow - moral, religious, spiritual, patriotic, taken era, etc, and none are to be omitted with out positive danger and loss to the child. The manner should ba such as not to wound a proper self-respect in the child, for in that case, instead of the stimulus producing a healthful development, it produces a scar. The fuller the develop ment of the individual the greater his continuity, resourcefulness, integrity and general value to the community. Donald, son says: 'In the last stages of extreme fatigue It Is the nerve cells, not the mus cles, which are exhausted. It is always too late to be what you might have been,' but Is never too late to be what U Is yet posslblo for you to be. The harmonious development of the whole nature of the child produces Individuals acquainted with the amenities and courtesies of life, alive to its duties and responsibilities, active In the. world's work, with decent respect for law, property, religion, mor als, and character, and by the production of such Individuals through Its training, the educational system renders to the Government a good account and satis factory service" President Hawley, of Willamette Uni versity, presented some good thoughts on the subject of "The Relation of Edu cation to the Government" He said: "The true end of education is two-fold, and directs aright our whole nature. Its office Is to call forth power of every kind power of thought, affection, will and outward action; power to observe, to reason, to Judge, to contrive; power to adopt good ends, and pursue them efficiently; power to gain and spread hap piness. True education will prepare the young to be their own teachers, to be the discoverers of truth, the Interpreters of nature, and investigators of science. We should educate the whole man, not a mero part The Intellectual and the mor al should go hand In hand. Herbert Spencer says: The individual shall save the whole.' "Public opinion, through manhood suf frage. Is the controller and director of American destiny. It directs legislative and executive action. It has nearly al ways been right, but who can forecast the future? The best, the only,, guaran tee, is a higher standard of citizenship, and a better understanding 6f Its duties and responsibilities. In order to do this our citizens must be educated, and that rightly. The youth of today is the citi zen of tomorrow; henco he must be taught the duties of citizenship, that there may be more men, such as Presi dent Garfield described In the following language: 'Men who, standing on a mountain height, see all the achieve ments of our past history, and carry in their hearts the memory of its glorious deeds, and who, looking forward, prepare to meet the dangers that come' "Our political forefathers were -highly educated. The great majority ,pf the members of the second Continental Con" gress were college graduates, while the minority were men whose training In tho world university equaled or surpassed that of college-bred statesmen. Certain ly, this is true of our illustrious Wash ington. Though- not a collega graduate, yet he identified himself with the educa tional Interests of his state, and in 1785 accepted the chancellorship of the College of William and Mary. We are not only educating the Individual, but the state. Our schools do not exist merely to spread ntelllgence and create a learned class. but to make of tho whole people citizens enlightened for their specific duties a3 a self-governing body. Our schools should be inspired with the patriotic spirit Our colleges and universities should create political, Intellectual, and moral atmos phere. No other safeguard against polit ical and social disorder has been devised as a substitute for education. Washing ton declared that "knowledge in every country is the surest basis of public happiness.' Madison declared, 'Education Is the only sure foundation that can be devised for the preservation of freedom and happiness; educate and Inform tho whole mass of the people; enable them to see that it is to their interests to pre serve peace and order, and they will preserve thom.' "The future of the public is largely and safely committed to the 15,000,000 public school children and tp the hundreds of thousands "in private schools to these, and not to any of. the political, parties. The superiority of the United States as a military and naval power Is not be cause of its superior numbers or strength, but because of its superior education and training of mind and character. So long as our people are enlightened along tho lines of the sciences and arts, as well as the common school branches, will we be able o retain our prestige, which we now occupy as a world power. The Ig norance of illiteracy is one of the great est enemies of the Nation's weal, from which Imminent danger springs. Ignor ance has never operated as a deterrent from voting. The ignorant are eager to vote in proportion to their lack of quali fication, and too often retain their votes until a late hour of the day, that they may expect and perhaps exact, higher prices from contesting candidates. "Illiteracy does not necessarily Imply the absence of true patriotism, but .it does involve destitution of some qualifi cations that are indispensible to its guid ance when present Ignorance debars the citizen from the study of politics and politicians as represented In books, and debars him of the power of Independent thought and action. Ignorance compels a man to bo a follower of men rather than of principles; of leaders rather than of doctrines and policies. This is the unvarying lesson of history, and Is full of solemn admonition to the American people However patriotic the" voter may be, it is essential action that he should know what he la doing, and what are the best means of accomplishing the best ends. The stability of our free In stitutions, the universality and perpetuity of our government by the people, and of the people, imperatively demand the education of all our people. Ignorance Is Inimical and dangerous to the Govern ment, while education and culture are conducive to the perpetuation and pros perity of the Nation." Department of Superintendence. The department of superintendence con vened In tha Courthouse, with a full at tendance. Superintendents R. F. Robin son, J, W. Shipley and E. V. Littletteld led in' the discussion of the subject, "Means of Securing More Efficient Super vision of Rural Schools." As a result. Superintendents R. E. Robinson, J. F. Nowlln and G. W. Denman were elected a committee to draft a bill with the pur pose of consolidating from 3000 to 7000 school districts under one management, with a vjew to encourage more high scnool work. "County Institutes" was discussed by Superintendents W. M. Miller and J. C. ZInser. The motion of Superintendent J. W. Shipley to request the coming textrbook commission to adopt the slant system of penmanship was lost by a vote of 14 to S. The following resolution, relative to the appointment of the state text-book com mission, which is to be named soon, was adopted: "Resolved, That we, the County School Superintendents and High School prlnct, pals. In convention assembled, most re spectfully request that HJs Excellency the Governor of Oregon appoint a majority of the school text-book commission from, among the educators of the state who aro actively engaged in teaching. In order that the educational Interests of the state may be best served." Practically the same question came up before the department of elementary In struction. The matter was treated as an experiment, but much confidence was ex pressed in the Governor, as will be seen from tho resolution following, which was passed by a handsome majority: "B.e it resolved that we, the teachers of Oregon,, in convention assembled, do hereby congratulate His Excellency Gov ernor T. T Geer upon the great oppor tunity that has come to him to do the peophr of this state such signal service in the appointment of a capable text-book commission; be It further "Resolved, That we have the utmost faith In the Governor's disinterestedness i ana gooa discernment to serve nis suite 1 in this behalf, and that we await with, and good discernment to serve his state confidence the result of this great text. book experiment" The following resolution. Introduced by Superintendent R. F. Robinson, was passed unanimously: "Recognizing the efficient services of our Superintendent of Public Instruction, Hon. J. H. Ackerman, In his attendance upon and work in the county institutes of the state, be it "Resolved. That we, the Couhty Super intendents of tho state In convention as sembled, express by rising vote our ap preciation of his excellent service, and thank him for his careful co-operation and kindly asalstance and Instruction." The following officers were then elected for the ensuing term: President, E. V. Littlefield; vice-president, C. L. Gilbert; secretary, E. T. Moores. The following officers were selected to serve for the ensuing year: President, Dr. Frank Strong, of the University of Oregon; vice-president, W. C. Hawley, of the Willamette University; secretary. J. B. Horner, of the- Oregon Agricultural College; treasurer. W. J. Steele, 6f Port land; executive committee. Dr. Dominic, of Mount Angel; W. N. McFerrln, Forest Grove; W. M. Clayton, of Ashland; Sam uel Holmes, of Grant's Pass; T. T. Davis, of Portland. Tha matter of college athletics was taken up by Dean W. N. McFerrln, of Pa cific University, who said: "It is generally conceded that open-air exercise Is necessary to the health of the student who has been In the close school room or study-room. The welfare of our Institutions demands intercollegiate ath letics. It brings about helpful Intercourse among colleges. It teaches students to perform the functions of the guest and the host It teaches students how to stand victory and defeat. 'We don't al ways get what we want.' Teach boys to win in an honest, sportsmanlike way. Les sons that come from defeat are sometimes worth more than victory. "Il we have intercollegiate contests, we must as colleges, make rules governing these contests. We should, as colleges, discourage professionalism. Encouraging boys to come to school merely because they are athletes Is professional. Pacific University has this year refused admis sion to several boys who wanted to come as athletes rather than as students. The student should be admitted to these con tests who has not matriculated at least four weeks before the contests; who takes at least 15 hours of bona fide school work each week; and where grade of school work and deportment will average with that of good students generally. "Pacific University has an athletic com mittee of nine members six of whom aro students, and the remaining three mem bers of the faculty. Such a committee will be respected by the students. All contests, debating and oratorical, as well as athletic, should -be fair, square and honest The contestants should prepare their own orations and debates." President W. H. Lee. of Albany College, 'stated that he, believed college athletic had come to stay, because the students crave them, and it develops tho physical life of students. He emphasized the Im portance of pure athletics. President Le said there has not been that comity of college spirit In intercollegiate athletics that should exist He urged -a stand for Dure athletics, for comity between col leges, and for athletics wedded to higher scholarship. Professor Steele, of Portland High School, was of the opinion that ladies as well as gentlemen should generally be given an opportunity to participate In col lege athletics. He admitted that he would like to substitute some less dangerous but exciting game for football. "I try to get them to play other games," said he. "but the boys want football, and what shall w do about it?" Professor Hoag, of Albany College, said there is some danger in football, but therein lies the charm and the value or the game to the American boy, vho 13 not content with croquet or quoits until B) years of age. President Hawley eald that football cul tivates the nerves. "It stimulate grit," said he. "A sport to be beneficial must be attractive. The speaker played foot ball three years, the most valuable exer cise he had ever taken. He never was hurt Feotball teaches the boy to take care of himself. The teacher wants to co operate with all the coliege authorities of Oregon In Improving the athletics of the schools." Notes. The Oregon Teachers' .Monthly, pub lished at Salem, was unanimously voted to be the official organ of the State Teachers' Association. Last year some of the state educational institutions of learning, notably the Ore gon Agricultural College, decided to reu ognlze the eighth grade diploma when granted by the grammar schools. Lest there might be some misunderstanding as to the significance of this action on the part of the higher Institutions of learning, the matter was taken up by the state as sociation today, and by resolution It was ordered that the diplomas of the eighth grade be required as certificates of en trance to secondary schools, and that In turn, eighth-grade teachers and princi pals shall deem It an obligation to give such thorough preparation as shall ade quately meet the requirements of tho eighth grade of the state course of study. Plot to Poison Chinese. Local Chinatown Is much wrought up over what It believe to be a plot to poison Its residents by wholesale, says the Cor vallls Gazette. Rice is the principal ar ticle of diet of these Celestial gentlemen, and It is bought in large quantities direct from Portland. Recently a letter con tained the intelligence that recent con signments of rice from the Orient had been poisoned, and warned against the use of this article The letter stated that the presence of the poison could readily be detected by boiling a silver coin with the rice If it turned black, it should be let alone. Sorbin, the wise man of tha local colony, has placed some of the con demned rice in the hands of the college chemist, and the result of his analysis Is anxiously awaited. The tunnel of the Crown Point mine, in Cable Cove, has been driven 200 feet No More Dread ot ,c Dental Chair TEETH EXTRACTED AND FILLED ABSOLUTELY WITHOUT PAIN by our late scientific method applied to tha gums. No sleep-producing agents or co caine. 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