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About Portland observer. (Portland, Or.) 1970-current | View Entire Issue (March 19, 1981)
Page 12 Portland Observer M arch 19.1981 n ¡mage in Western Art PART TWO H istorians speculate that in the m id -IJth century Fredrick II, em peror o f the sprawling and faltering Empire, ordered the creation o f the firs t art works p o rtra y ig a Black Saint Maurice, and German artists continued to depict Saint Maurice as a Black man until the 6th century. During the same period, the com plexion o f the A fric a n Queen o f Sheba became as changeable as the skin o f a chameleon. Some medieval artists depicted the Queen as a white woman while others portrayed her, more accurately, as a Black woman. And these artists used the A frican Queen's visit to the Hebrew King Solomon to sym bolize those who chose to pass from paganism to Christianity. in the late 15th and early 16th centuries, the image o f a Black King Balthasar, one o f the three Wise Men who carried gifts to the infant Jesus, became a popular theme in the Western w o rld . In fact, Balthasar was the most common Thia depiction of a Black King Balthasar, one of the three Wise M en, is a detail from "Adoration of the M a g i." p a in te d by H ie ronymus Bosch betwen 1490 and 1610 A D. Black image projected in the art o f the period. A rt historians say that the image o f the Black King not o nly per petuated the theme o f the univer sality, but that it also reflected the a rtis ts ’ and the p u b lic ’ s cu rio sity about “ e xo tic” w u ild s and unknown people. However, the cu riosity o f these early Renaissance Westerners did not seem to supplant general prejudice against Blacks. Throughout the 15th and 16th cen turies, Western artists went on creating art works which stereotyped Blacks as servants and infidels. And, for the most part, the positive images o f Blacks were sym b olic p o rtra its o f Black saints, queens and kings. D uring the early 16th century, however, there was at least one famous artist who didn’t always use the stock images o f Blacks in his w orks. W hile vis itin g Flanders around 1508, German artist A lb re cht D urer drew th o u g h tfu l portraits o f the Black people he en countered. “ I did the p o rtra it in charcoal o f Brandao, the fa c to r’ s clerk, I did the p o rtra it o f his M oorish woman in s ilv e rp o in t,” Durer wrote o f these drawings in the diary he kept during his visit. Like the ancient Greeks and Romans, Durer based his portrayal o f Blacks on first-hand knowledge, not rumors and superstition. His simple, honest drawings show that, when he looked at these B la c k - people, D urer did not see stereotypes and symbols, he saw real human beings. 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