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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 27, 1917)
0 THE MORNING OREGOXIAN. 3IOXDAY, AUGUST 27, 1917. S3; (Btsmnn PORTLAND, OREGON. Entered at Portland (Oregon) Fostofflce as second-class mail matter. Eubsciiptlon rates invariably In advance: (Br Mall.) Daily, Punday Included, one year ...... .$8-00 Daily. Sunday Included, six months 4.25 Iaily. Sunday included, three months ... 2.25 Daily. Sunday Included, one month 75 Pally, without Sunday, one year ........ 8 00 Dally, without Sunday, six months ...... 8.25 Daily, without Sun'lay, three months ... 1.75 Daily, without Sunday, one month ...... .60 Weekly, one year ........... . 150 Sunday, one year 2.50 Sunday and weekly 8.50 tBy Carrier.) Dally, Sunday included, one year ..... .$9.00 Dally, Sunday Included, one month .75 Daily, without Sunday, one year ........ 7.80 ai,y. witnout Sunday, three months ... l "a Daily, without Sunday, one month ...... .65 How to Remit Send Dostofflce money or der. express order or personal check on your local Dana, fetamps. coin or currency are at sender's risk. Give postoffice addreaa In lull. Including county and state. Pontage Rates 12 to 18 pages. 1 cent; 18 to 3 pages, 2 cents; 34 to 43 pages, S cents; CO to tio pages. 4 cents; 62 to 76 pages. 5 cents; 78 to 82 pages. 6 cents. Foreign post age double rates. Eatern aTtislnemi Office Verrec & Conklln Brunswick building. New York; Verree A Conklin, Steger building, Chicago; San Fran cisco representative. R. J. Bldwell, 742 Mar ket street. MEMBER- OF THIS ASSOCIATED PRESS The Associated Press Is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news credited to It or not otherwise credited in this paper and also the local news published herein. PORTLAND, MONDAY. ACGCST S7, 1917. A NEW CAMOUFLAGE. John Spargo, former Socialist leader and author, who resigned from the party recently for reasons of patriot ism, hit upon a happy phrase when tie characterized the methods em ployed by disloyalists In their efforts to spread dissension at home as "cam ouflage." In a letter addressed to the secretary of the "People's Council" of New York, he expresses surprise that his sympathy with the council's enter prise should be taken for granted, and he points out that there are times when high-sounding phrases and alle gations of elevated purpose must not be permitted to mask propaganda the effect of which is to tie the hands of the Government and to give aid and comfort to the country's enemies. The nominal programme of such or ganizations as the "People's Council" Is fair enough. With the statement that it is well to safeguard the stand ards of labor, now and after the war, there will be general agreement. Meet ing the cost of war by taxation is not a subject for disagreement, except as to details. The high cost of living should be reduced when possible, and there are wide limits within which discussion should not be restricted. Nor is there room anywhere for con troversy over the proposition that the principles of democracy must be con served. All these propositions are fun damental. The objectionable feature of the activities of such organizations as the council in question, Mr. Spargo points out, is that they seek to cloud the real issue, to divide Americans and to make it more difficult for the Government to accomplish anything permanently worth while. "In the name of peace and antl xnilitarlsm," says Spargo, "you are do ing all that lies In your power to strengthen the most brutal militarism the world has ever known, and in the name of Internationalism you would betray all the nations to ruthless Ger man despotism." Camouflage is the art of deception, and the. practice to which Mr. Spargo objects is political camouflage. .That some well-intentioned persons have been deceived by It does not deprive it of Its true char acter. Minor examples of these efforts to create a false issue are furnished by the trouble some cities are having in enforcing ordinances against unre strained street speaking, and by the reports brought home from Russia by members of the Root party to the ef fect "that Russians returning home have described the United States to their countrymen as a place In which the people had no liberty. Restriction of street speaking has been a favorite citation of such as these in support of their assertions. But, as a matter of fact, there is no substantial con nection between the constitutional guarantee of "free speech" and the right to use the streets for every pur pose, regardless of their primary func tion as highways, and of the control rightfully exercised by local authori ties over the peace and order, of their own communities. Streets are not primarily places foi holding public meetings. They were laid out, first of all, in order that peo ple might go easily from one place to another. The privilege of congre gating on them is a concession. The community granting It has the right to terminate It when It interferes with the use of the street as an avenue of travel. It Is the right of all people using the 6treets in the ordinary course of their business to do so without be ing insulted, or even criticised, and without having their ears assailed with treasonable utterances. The camouflage of a certain sec tion of the German-language press is another example of that which Mr. Spargo points out as betrayal, in the name of peace, of the freedom of all nations to ruthless German despotism. Failure of the recent effort of the Na tional Security League to obtain a pro fession of faith from many of these newspapers appears to justify the agi tation to compel all who enjoy the pro tection of the flag to give an account ing of their loyalty. The league reports that a large number of the replies i e celved were violently abusive, and that only a few were dignified. But nearly all masked their true purpose, which obviously is to embarrass us In our efforts to defeat our enemy by asser tions of their fundamental "rights" to free speech and appeals to the guaran tees of the Constitution. That there are soma noteworthy exceptions to the rule only shows that the 'position of the recalcitrants is Inexcusable. The minority which has found loyalty con sistent with the exercise of liberty gives proof that those In whom the spirit of loyalty abides can find a way to har monize it with their convictions. No one is deceived by the camouflage of disloyal foreign-language newspapers. It seems probable that in our easy going away we shall await a series of further overt acts by the pretended apostles of liberty, who are only ex ercising a license that would not be tolerated in the home countries of anj of them. That we put up with a much as we do Indicates that for all OQr preparation the gravity of our wai Is not yet borne In upon all our people. We have had no casualty lists to awaken us. The names of Americans who have fallen while fighting In the armies of our allies have given us only a dim conscious ness of our part in the struggle. We do not know the feeling of having a regiment almost wiped out, as have our neighbors on the north. Our wounded have not begun to return home to give us living testimony. Some day these things may come to pass, and then there Is no doubt that we shall be aroused. But it is a pity that we cannot lock the stable before the horse is stolen. We are now tolerating a good deal of unpatriotic conduct that is bound, if persisted in, actually to increase' the number of our "killed and wounded and to prolong the war. j SEARCHING INQUIRY WARRANTED. It is encouraging to note that the district exemption board has been so thorough in its investigations of claim ants for exemption for Army duty that sufficient disclosures have been made to warrant a searching inquiry by the federal grand jury. It is to be hoped that the Federal Government will mete out swift punishment to those conscripts and their relatives who have wilfully distorted the truth In the ef fort to evade their duty to the flag. Investigations made thus far by the district exemption board reveal that for the most part these fraudulent af fidavits are being made by admitted pro-German sympathizers. The great mass of American people at a time like this are in no mood to tolerate such unpatriotic and un-American practices. If any community harbors men whose pro-German sympathies alone impel them to resort -to perjury In an effort to escape the draft, it Is well that the Federal Government should step in. Federal investigation of these few pro-German slackers in Oregon will have a wholesome Influence. A last ing example should be made of these. If this is done it Is safe to assume that others will hesitate before making affidavits which investigation might show to be surcharged with perjury. The district exemption board de serves the commendation of the peo ple of Oregon. It Is carrying out the spirit as well as the letter of the selec tive conscription law. REVIVAL OF WHALING. News dispatches telling of the re cent capture of three sperm whales by Grays Harbor hunters serve as a reminder that the ancient Industry of whaling has undergone a noteworthy revival In the past few years. It is an Interesting fact that this revival has been due largely to the develop ment of the battleship, one of the most modern creations of man. Hundreds of whalers from American ports sailed the seas in the times be fore the Civil War, when whale oil was used for lighting. The discovery of petroleum caused a slump in the Industry. Historic New Bedford and Nantucket became the boneyards of a once mighty fleet, and the race of hardy American mariners developed by whaling became almost extinct. The old romances passed into tradition. But as ships, and particularly bat tleships, grew In size and number It was found that for use in certain of the bearings in their ponderous en gines there was nothing that would quite take the place of "case oil," found in the head of the sperm whale, which is strangely clear and does not disintegrate under great pressure and heat. So whalers began to take the sea again. They are not so primitive as those of the older generation, but their cargoes are more than ever In demand. It is fortunate that whaling is com ing again into its own. because there never has been so effective a stimulus to the making of real American sail ors. Now we are beginning to need sailors again, and shall need them In increasing numbers to man our new merchant marine, and hardly know where to turn to find them. The whaler may help us to solve the prob lem. THE MARYLAND WAY. The "compulsory work" law of Maryland Is now in full force and reg ulations for Its enforcement have been promulgated by the Governor. Its out standing feature is the widespread de mocracy of Its application. It pro vides for assignment of all persons between the ages of 18 and 60, not regularly and continuously employed, whenever the Governor shall find their labor essential to the protection of the welfare of the state and the United States. The Maryland lawmakers took precautions that there should bo no misunderstanding by including In the law this sentence: "All persons able to support themselves, by reason of ownership of property or Income, and those supported by others shall be included among those required to register under this act.' Thus It is made plain that the rich are to be compelled to serve as well as the poor. The only exemptions per mitted are mentioned in the section of the lawwhlch provides that no man shall be compelled to work at a task for which he is physically unfitted. and which makes special provision for workmen idle because of temporary differences with their employers. All others able to work will be expected to work when there Is work for them to do. The Governor's proclamation designating the occupations for which there Is an emergency demand for la bor mentions agricultural and horti cultural work of all kinds, cannery work and street and road-building. This is the answer of Maryland to the question: "Where shall we find the men?" Common labor in the state has been almost. If not entirely, ab sorbed by existing Industries, and the question of cannery labor is especially acute. The state responded to the call for more foodstuffs with the largest crop of vegetables In Its history, and much of this crop will go for naught unless the canneries are able to han dle it. A similar condition prevails in the harvest fields. So many men have been attracted to the factories and shipyards by the high wages of fered that farmers are seriously handi capped. If the law Is enforced they will receive the help they need until the last idle man In the state has found employment. The leisure class in Ma ryland has been definitely abolished. It is too early to make a forecast as to the outcome, because there are so many administrative problems involved, and becayse it has not yet been determined whether forced labor is valuable. The employer is com pelled to pay the "going wages" to the men assigned to him, but there is no way of compelling him to keep help that does not earn its wages, and crit ics of the scheme fear that unwilling workers will not be worth their salt. There is, however, a saving clause of which much hope Is entertained. The law permits a man to escape forced as signment of duty by showing that be has found work on his own account. "Find a Job or the state will find one for you," is the spirit of the Maryland plan. It will set a lot of chaps to hus tling who have not done a day's work in a long time. Much, also, is expected from the psy chological effect of the new employ ment. The director named under the act thinks that "indifferent, probably, at first, the builder will grow with his work," that responsibility wijl beget enthusiasm-and that the worker will react to 'his task and ultimately take pride in seeing idle consuming turned into active productivity. It must, be admitted that this is pure theorizing. It ought to work out that way, as it did with the young hero in Kipling's "Captains Courageous," and no doubt it will in many instances. The time is sure to come when productivity will be fashionable and drones will be scorned by their fellow men; the ques tion now is whether the day can be hastened by law. If this is the effect of the Maryland law, it will be a great thing for the men compelled to work under its provisions, as well as for society at large. And the outcome is well worth watching for in any event. PASSING OF AN EDITOR. Charles C. Goodwin, who died at Salt Lake Saturday, stepped into Na tional prominence when, in 1880, Pat rick H. Lannan bought the Salt Lake Tribune and brought him from Ne vada to be its editor. Before that time Judge Goodwin, for he filled judicial positions in the Washoe in the early days of the Silver State, had made local reputation as a writer, and Mr. Lannan had faith in him that was justified in the twenty years they worked together. Judge Goodwin began implacable war on the Mormon Church and made it a Na tional issue. He fought not the people of the church, to whom he attributed all the good In the creation of the "State of Deseret," but its practices. When that and adjacent territory were clean, his occupation was gone and the death of Mr. Lannan and sale of the paper left him without work. He started "Goodwin's Weekly," which enabled him to print his views, and they were always good. He could write upon any subject, using the data of a well-stored mind, and it is a fact that every man of the old Washoe days "took the Tribune" during his incumbency, no matter In what part of the earth he resided. Just to read what Charley Goodwin had to say." Many of Mr. Goodwin's writings are classics, notably those on the death of Ingersoll and Blaine, preserved In many a scrapbook. BEX BEYOND THE GRAVE. Whether or not there are marrying and giving in marriage in heaven, it is the conclusion of the new head of the Society of Psychological Re search that sex, at any rate, persists beyond the grave. This linking of the biological with the spiritual, he be lieves, gives promise of putting the whole business of spiritism on a sci entific basis and bringing it within the range of finite understanding. It may betoken a new era of research, with totally different methods. It would take a rash prophet to predict that the new way will be any more successful In unlocking the great se cret than the old has been, but there will always be, if not expectation, at least hope. The human mind will never cease to speculate upon the In finite. The new head of the Society for Psychological Research is Professor L. P. Jacks, who as president may be expected to share the limelight heretofore monopolized by Secretary- Hyslop. If all goes well, there will be a new order of things In the so ciety. Professor Jacks starts prom isingly. And unless all signs fail. there will be fear and trembling In the ranks of the professional "me diums" before he has done with them. Professor Jacks would apply the method of the paleontologist, for ex ample, to the investigation of so called spirit phenomena. Reasoning from the fundamental principle that no fact in science is isolated, he would build his superstructure in the same manner that the observer of fossil life constructs his complete skeleton from the slngie bone of an extinct animal. The difficulty Is to find the fact In spiritism that corresponds to the iso lated bone of the paleontologist. This he believes he has done In discover ing that all communications purport ing to emanate from the spirit world "retain the distinction of sex." They make use of the personal pronouns masculine and feminine; they speak of one another as "he" and "she"; and they employ the distinction with no discernible difference of meaning from that with which we are all fa miliar." The Inference Is plain they stand on the same ground with ourselves in biology, hence they must have car ried some of this world with them to their present place of abode. Cannot it be argued reasonably that this means that the individual cannot sur vive under any other conditions T It is an Interesting conception of human survival in the life beyond. If we are able to prove that certain Individuals have survived In their proper per sons, we shall have done much to prove also "the survival of the world of "relations In which their individual ities are rooted, and which is the necessary background for each one of them, being the man that ho is." Such, says Professor Jacks, is the load which the theory of survival, so far as it Is based on scientific evidence, will ultimately have to carry. But the same difficulty of proving the genuineness of "spirit" communi cations still confronts us. Professor Jacks does not Improve the chance of getting at the truth unless he ap plies scientific methods also In ob taining his baslo "fact." It matters not how flawless Is his process, If he has started wrong. He has thought of this, evidently, for he says: We will assume that communications genuine communications are taking place, and, dismissing from our minds the notion that they are coming from disembodied spirits or from another world, we will let the communications themselves tell us where they are coming from and what kind of beings they are who are making them. Especially will we be on our guard against letting the words "spiritual" or "supernat ural" or "supernormal" Intrude themselves on our observation. These words imply that we have already made up our minds as to what the communications mean, which Is the very thing we want to find out. We will not use these adjectives unless the evi dence Itself convinces us that they and no others are the adjectives that we ought to use. These precautions taken, we shall find that certain facts now start Into prominence which escaped us altogether while we were under the malign Influence of our preconceptions; while others which we previously thought unimportant become very Important indeed. Thereupon the head of the Society for Psychological Research proceeds to do the very thing he had cautioned against doing, by announcing the dis covery of his "basic fact" that there are "beings," whoever and wherever they are, that retain the distinction of sex, by so doing linking two worlds in a scientific bond, and he observes that the language reported by ' me diums as coming from these "beings" denotes that "memory and expecta tion are theirs." These he holds to be "facts enormously rich In compli cations," which If they are facts at all they undoubtedly are. But Just as we were beginning to hope for a truly scientific process, we are con fronted again with the old problem of the medium, as to which and whom we are as much at sea as ever. The medium, for all her recognition of the distinction of sex, and of memory and expectation, is still the same medium as ever, still hazy as to important matters of identity, still cryptic, and still fussy about the conditions of her revelations. If she is sincere she does not know where her communications come from; If she Is not her assump tions are not worth while, regardless of the supposed disclosure that men and women preserve their sex dis tinctions after laying aside their earthly bodies. So we only go from one mystery to another. From Hyslop to Jacks is not so far as it at first seemed to be. But Professor Jacks at least recog nizes some difficulties in the way of conceiving a spirit condition, which indicates that he is trying to pre serve an open mind. "What wider breach," he says, "could be conceived than that between an embodied and a disembodied being between a man and a ghost? No two beings that I can think of would be more unlike one another than myself in my body and myself out of my body." And he finds It wholly impossible to con ceive what it may be to see without an eye, to speak without a tongue, to think without a brain or to move without limbs. With this difficulty he leaves us, not in the least having overcome It by his conclusion that the distinction of sex In the next world is a fact "enormously rich In complications." Continued success of the Italians In their drive Is not only an Indication of the renewed vigor of our ally on the southwestern front, but probably indicates that the Austrian morale is approaching the breaking point. Since Germany's own military problems be came exceedingly pressing she has given less .- time than formerly to strengthening her ally, and the Aus trian soldier from the beginning has shown willingness to be taken prisoner second only to that of the Russian. Meanwhile, Austria is sustained by no such dream as that of a Mlttel Europa, which buoys up the Prussians, and is no doubt heartily sick of the whole business. This feeling will grow as Austria Is left more and more alone in the fight on her isolated fronts. For this reason the United States has rea son to be Joyful over the victories of the Italians on the Isonzo, although we are not formally at war with Austria Hungary. The plant pathology department of the Oregon Agricultural College has shown another way In which all farm ers can perform a duty to the country by calling for volunteers to assist In gathering Information about plant dis eases in every part of the state. This is work In which every farmer can help. If only to the extent of report ing his own experience, and It is par ticularly necessary now because with a labor shortage and many demands upon those who are employed there will be a tendency to neglect precau tions that would be taken In normal times. Much is to be gained by prompt action in stamping out plant diseases, as was once exemplified in the case of the alfalfa weevil in a sister state. The time to check the ravages of a pest is before It has spread over a wide area, and while its origin Is known. Every strange malady should be reported to the scientists at Cor vallls as soon as it is observed. The editor of the Jefferson Review recently took his first vacation In a large number of years, and. in his lat est Issue remarks: "That wife of ours has a queer way of running business. She banks all the money she takes in, but doesn't pay any bills. Works all right one way, but has kept us busy since we got home." Just to note how towns grow In importance. It may be stated the Southern Pacific Is Installing at Cres well a passing track to hold seventy seven cars. This Improvement makes a house track of the old passing track and Increases the dignity of the agent, so to speak. Those Frenchmen! The Minister of War, In decorating three foreign women for excellence In hospital work, saluted them on both cheeks, "ac cording to custom," the report says. Joyful custom! Just the same. It Is extended to the male sex unless he Is an artful sidestepper. Not a year has elapsed since the Adamson law took effect, yet the great panacea is spreading thin. Northern Pacific trainmen believe they have a grievance, and are acting. Considering the countless physical ailments that numerous prospective conscripts say they have. It would seem that General Debility la leading the slackers' squad. More than $50,000,000 In gold has been sent to Japan In the past five months, and this continues to be "the most honorable country." Frequency of quarter-pound eggs might lead to belief that Oregon hens had the war idea, but the big egg Is Just a freak of nature. Those who are complaining about the excessive smoke from forest fires should be thankful that It Is not the "smoke of battle." The long-range forecast for this week Is "fair," and the sporting man will put his money on the rain card. Probably the only time a Chinaman laughs is when a "Mellcan" gambling club la raided. "Him easy!" Nobody seems to have thought of the easy way out by sending all the colored troops abroad. What a fine thing It would be If the food speculators were forced to enlist to earn a living! The rear seat on a motorcycle Is not a safe place for a woman. It is risky for a man. The author of "Let the Women Do the Work" had a prophetic soul. " Help Hoover, Aver & Co. conserve by feeding less to the fat man. .... Every week from now on will be fair week. Plan to attend. What has become of the Forty-five Club? Hey. fellers! The pro-German slacker should be Interned. How to Keep Well. By Dr. W. A. Evans. - Questions pertinent to hygiene, sanitation and prevention of diseases. If matters of general Interest, will be answered In this column. Where space will not permit or 'the subject la not suitable, letters will be per sonally answered, subject to proper limita tions and where stamped addressed envelope la Inclosed. Dr. Evans will not make diag nosis or prescribe for Individual diseases. Re quests for such services cannot be answered (Copyright. 1916. by Dr. W. A. Evana, Published by arrangement with the Chicago Tribune.) REFRIGERATORS. A fair proportion of the illness dur ing the hot weather is the' result of spoiled food. Infants sicken and die by the thousands because of milk that is slightly spoiled, although its taste and odor are practically normal. Adults suf fer the inconvenience of cholera mor bus, diarrhoeas and cramps because of meat that is a little bitoff. When the milkman and butcher are abused they come back with charges against the household Icebox. The housekeeper can say nothing, since he knows his icebox to be a rank failure as a food keeper, in spite of its glisten ing interior and nickeled finishings. The first essential in an Icebox Is low temperature in the food chamber. Milk and meat will not keep In a food cham ber In which the temperature is 65 or over. They will not keep satisfactorily in one when the temperature Is over SO. A really high-grade Icebox should maintain a temperature of 40 to 45 in the food chamber when the door is opened not oftener than six times in 24 hours. Let me offer this suggestion to every reader: Put a thermometer in the food chamber of your refrigerator and find out the temperature. I think you will find the explanation of some minor Ill nesses, the cause of which has baffled you. You may find out why the baby was sick during the last hot spell. You will probably learn why you have to throw away so many wilted lettuce leaves, and so much food that 1b just a little too much off color to be safe. In a score card for refrigerators, on which 100 points represents perfect, a score of 45 is given for perfect tem perature conditions in the food box. It is said that 40 per cent of the people do not take ice in their homes. The reason is the expense. A large part of the people who have refrigerators grumble at the ice bills. Ice economy is a point of great importance in a re frigerator. I know of refrigerators where the unnecessary use of ice costs as much in a single season as the price of the re frigerator. A high-grade, efficient re frigerator will save its cost in two sea sons in ice. On my score card, perfect economy is given a rating of 20. My observa tion is that the ordinary refrigerator Installed in medium-priced flats would be rated about 20 on temperature of food chamber, and less than 10 on ice economy, or about 30 out of a possible 65. In other words, they will not keep food properly, and such keeping as they do uses twice as much ice as a good box would require. Urges Use of Bran. L. A writes: "Will you kindly let me know through your valued 'Health Column' If the dally use of Phenolphtha leln agar (from two to three teaspoons) for obstinate constipation, by an ex pectant mother, is harmful? If so, what would you recommend? Bran Is effective only when taken In large quantities." REPLY. Phenolphrnaleln agar la relatively harm less. Agar without phenolphthaJein Is less harmful. Bran la less ao. Vhy not take bran In large quantities T It la good food for most people. Due to Ilia Worse Wrmi.M T" t. writ!! "1 T am troubled with my hands. They itch and small water Dusters appear on my lin gers. Do you think "bad blood' is the troubling cause? My stomach Is In good condition. "2. Suggest a menu or diet I should follow to help purify the blood. "3. I handle meats and other articles of greasy Bubstance In a store. Do you think that may be a cause?" REPLY. lour irouoi is umf ..w f - your blood. I feel certain that It is due to your wora. it you win t6o ness or wear gloves your trouble will subside. Perhaps you could prevent the condition by frequent washing. Bad Breath Ills Problem. H. B. writes: "Could you advise what to use In the case of bad breath? The man Buffers from catarrh of the nose: has occasional indigestion. Gargling with iodine has been recommended. Would It be Injurious? REPLY. . . i .... .nn (,n.. th. II we armpiinn - " ,, nose, those must be remedied. The same holds true of bad breath due to teeth and to tonsils. If it Is due to bowel conditions, the diet must be changed. Vinegar Loosens Rita. M. S. writes: "Please advise how to get rid of "nits' or nests from thehalr." REPLY. wainlnr tn, nair wiv " the nits from the hair ahaf ts. They can then be washed out with soap and water. It Is . . t.ln. . . 4 n . . , rt InAiMi f fl . customary tuii.".... - . . nlta and kerosene to kill the lice. Opening Overdue. C B. writes: "Can you tell me when the colony for epileptics at Dixon. Ill, will bo opened for patients?" REPLY. a no aoi anow. . . vfcmui . --- j y.ar overdue. Burely it will open before Christmas. Eat Rice and Milk. I H. B. wrltea: "What is the quick est way to Increase my weight from 145 to 157 pounds? I expect to enlist In the Navy, but am under weight." REPLY. la addition ta your regular diet eat a bowl of milk, and sugared rice twioe a day. Excavations In Southwest Ruins. EUGENE, Or., Aug. 25. (To the Ed itor. (1) It Is claimed there were some recent discoveries In Arizona or New Mexico of some prehistoric re mains. Were they authentic, or is there any heretofore unknown species or relics among them? (2) Is the civilization of the tribes of said state higher than that of other Indian tribes? WM. Y. HARRIS. (1) Excavations among the ruins of prehlstorlo villages are In progress In New Mexico, In the Mesa Verde Na tional Park In Colorado and the Casa Grande Reservation, Arizona. These excavations are continually shedding new light on the habits and character of the ancient Inhabitants of the south west. Reports on the excavations and repairs of ruins are issued by the De partment of the interior, Washlngtin, D. C, and more detailed accounts are distributed by the Bureau of American Ethnology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington. D. C (2) As to present-day Indians, No. New York. . ST. JOHNS. Or, Aug. 25. (To the Editor.) Kindly state in your question column what is the largest city In the world at the present time. ALICE L. EHEEHAN. SENATOR XTJRSES FALSE BELIEF Chamberlain Mistaken In Idea That Bnrke Supported Hanley. PORTLAND, Aug. 26. (To the Ed itor.) Recently it has come to me re peatedly and is now in the public press that Senator Chamberlain's opposition to Collector Burke is because Burke supported Hanley in the Senatorial campaign. The Senator has been mis informed. Judge Burke took early oc casion to say to me and to Mr. Hanley that there was no reason Mr. Hanley's candidacy should affect our cordial re lations, but as a party man, as a Fed eral officeholder, as indebted to Senator Chamberlain for his acquiescence in Senator Lane's choice of himself for his position, he could not in any way support or encourage Mr. Hanley. This was tacitly understood between us through the whole campaign. The only other allusion Judge Burke ever made to the matter to me was that whichever of the two was elected the President would have a friend. But he added that naturally Democrats pre fer a Democrat. I have no intention of meddling in a political fight no desire to Influence Senator Chamberlain, but make this statement without Judge Burke's knowledge solely because of duty to him and to truth. C. E. S. WOOD. The Conscientious Objector By Ruth. Wright Kanffman, of the Vigilantes. (Mrs. Kanffman la special correspondent of The Vigilantes in England. Her skill as a newspaper woman has recently been signally recognized by the British Government, which has "borrowed" her from The Vigilantes for a period of some weeks in connection with publicity work for the Woman's Auxiliary Army Corps.) There is a new kind of martyr In England: the martyr that Is painfully and conscientiously letting other peo ple die for him. In the Military Service or Conscrip tion Act of December, 1915, Mr. As quith inserted a clause, exempting from service anyone that would prove "con scientious objections" to fighting. This was done to protect such religious bodies as the Quakers. While many of William Penn's disciples were enlisting not only to care for the sick and the wounded, but even for active service, "conscientious objectors" from other quarters, as well as from the Quakers, suddenly sprang up like mushrooms. Tribunals were appointed to sift all claims of exemption. To their amaze ment, the flood of objectors came forti fied with a mass of religious, moral and ethical arguments as to why they should not be in the f lghting-llne for the protection of their country. It was remarkable how many applicants, who were not Quakers and who had been famous in their communities for high sense of duty, cultivated the ten der plant of conscience between Au gust, 1914. and December. 1915. Tribunals .varied in their treatment of such claims: mostly, like Gallic, they cared for none of these things and "drove them from the Judgment Seat." Scarcely five per cent of the applicants made good their claims to "total ex emption." The alternative to military service for the conscientious objectors Is work of National importance. An official return for the week ending July 14, 1917, shows 2453 conscientious objectors not handed over to military service. Of these 1282 are in prison. Conscientious objectors, one comes to believe, are born, not made. In many large centers, classes of instruction were formed at which the would-be de linquents were coached in pacifist ar guments ranging from the New Testa ment to Tolstoi. Their harangues be came so voluble that the long-suffering ' tribunals finally had to require them to fill lh in writlrig a question aire "with a leaning to mercy" as to length. One "Brother" Clifford Allen, as he is called in pacifist circles, has re mained In prison for two years for re fusing every overture of the govern ment, and declining even to take up work of National importance If re leased. The cult of self-imposed mar tyrdom grows on a man. Brother Allen's pious utterances from prison are quoted to audiences of pacifists. He poses as a latter-day John the Bap tist, awaiting death at the hands of an Herodlan cabinet; It Is significant that he does not seek It at the hands of the Germans. But publlo opinion Is against the con scientious objector. A party of them was recently Introduced into a village for labor purposes. The village pelted them with sods, ducked some of them in the pond and finally chased the lot out. Such scenes are not Infrequent. Wherever they are sent, people will not work side by side with them in the same place or occupation. Their only satisfaction in a country that is seri ously at war Is the satisfaction that every person in the wrong hugs to himself as his persecution. The Lon don County Counoil have had to re move from their schools conscientious objectors who were exempted because their fellow teachers refused to work with them. It was confidently hoped by the ma jority of the English that under the new Electoral Reform Bill . the con scientious objector would be deprived of his parliamentary vote, but the mat ter is still unsettled. It must be re membered that the present British par liament is but a "rump parliament." whose life has been unduly prolonged because many of its members are ab sent on service. Why the Prime Min ister should be so tender toward the 'conscientious objector" puzzles a good many of his friends. Perhaps he mis calculates the feeling of the men that will come home at the end of the war. If in the future this question could again be submitted to a parliament representative alike of the soldiers who have fought and the women (now enfranchised) who have lost their hus bands and brothers, short work would be made of the conscientious objector's franchise. In any case, the conscien tious objector has earned an oppro brium among tha bulk of British peo ple that will last to the grave; and not Infrequently sober-minded citizens say they would prefer business and social relationship with a burglar or a for ger than with a "conscientious object or." The Quaker conscientious objectors, when tried in tribunal, have generally lived up to their rules of non-resistance and at least accepted medical aid service. Their non-resistance. Indeed, seems to have been tampered with only In the case of certain wealthy excep tions, who art reputed belligerently to be financing the pacifist cause. Yet even conscientious objectors have been known to change their minds. One, about a year ago, came before a tri bunal with objections so outrageously unpatriotlo that the members heard him tight-lipped and white-knuckled. They refused his plea. He gave them to understand that, though all his rea sons summed up spelled personal cow ardice only, he would sooner go to prison than wear uniform. In the end, like so many of his fel lows, he was sent out to do clerical work behind the lines. He undoubted ly believed his own arguments when he made them. What call of his country suddenly stirred his heart none can tell, but when the record recently came of his death, it was not of a man lan guishing in anaemlo self-pity and spiritual pride in an English jail, but of a soldier with his face bravely turned to the foe. The battle front keeps its own se crets. Who knows but that others have chosen an honorable death to dis honor behind prison bars? In Other Days. Twenty-five Years Ago. Prom The Oregonlan of August 27. 1893. Hamburg. One hundred and sixty nine bodes of cholera victims are awaiting burial in the city. So great is the terror caused by the cholera that it is difficult to get men for the task of burying the dead. Washington Senator Hale, of Maine, says Blaine will be in the campaign this year. He says Blaine is regain ing his health and getting into good spirits again. Arthur Walker, of Australia, and Dick Johnson, of Portland, and of Af rican descent, fought 41 rounds before 300 members of the Pastime Club last night. The man of color was knocked out. Three more stables of fast horses ar rived yesterday at City View ParR. The stalls are rapidly being filled and the officers of the Portland Speed As sociation are becoming afraid that they will not be able to afford track ac commodations to all the horses that will be here for the Fall meting. It is safe to say, from present In dications, that the Portland Exposi tion of 1892 will excel in every re spect every previous effort- All avail able space has been taken, a fact that shows the great Interest In the ex position. Half a Century Ago. Prom The Oregonlan of August 27, 188T. St. Petersburg. Admiral Farragut and the officers of his fleet received a grand ovation at Cronatadt today from the Russian naval officers. Tha Grand Duke of Cronatadt and other dignitaries were present. The great est good feeling was manifest. Two hundred pounds of gold dust was brought down on the stage from Canyon City to The Dalles last Thurs day. We learn that at Oregon City con siderable sickness is prevailing, much of it In consequence of the injudicious use of unripe fruit. Operations with the dredger at Swan Island bar will be commenced today. The New York City directory con tains the names of 177,317 persons, while that of Philadelphia registers the names of 162,110, showing a small ler difference than Is generally be lieved. N. Galveston. The yellow fever is slightly abating. Over 100 of the prin cipal citizens of Corpus Chrlsti have died of the disease. Of It CANADIAN FIGHTERS. BY JAMES BARTON ADAMS. To you In praise our hats we doff, brave lads from Cousin Canada; you're right there with the proper stuff and hand it out in brilliant way. The boches at historic Lens and In Its battle-torn purlieu hide In their subter ranian dens, as wolves when eager hounds pursue, and when unearthed they "stick 'em up" and cry "For him mel's sake, ring off the sand la low In every crop we know when we have had enough!" Thesn lad3 have dem onstrated that the soldiers from this side the sea can fight from dropping of the hat and score a daily victory, and when our lads from U. S. A. get on the job with the Canucks the old arch fiend will be to pay among the brae Teutonic bucks. The crazy Kaiser then will learn his braying was that of the ass; that men at whom he laughed In scorn are fighters of the premier class. They'll meet his boches hand to hand, their ranks with rifle bullets comb, will be in at the finish and will bring the cured Bowbelly home. Lswa for Stranded Actor.. PORTLAND, Aug. 25. (To the Ed itor.) As far as I can learn, there is a law to prevent employers from cheat ing their employes out of their wages. Why, then, does the law give no redress to performers who are beini? constantly beaten out of their salaries by unscru pulous managers? Is there no law that covers this? If so, where can I find it? If not, why isn't thtre such a one? It is a common thing for managers to tako out shows and "go broke," leaving the performers to shift for themselves, and also owing the whole company back pay for perhaps several weeks. It always depends upon tha manager's honor whether or not the company ever receive their back pay. I am In earnest about desiring this Information, as I wish to incorporate it in a sketch I am writing, and if you can furnish me with the facts, or tell me where to find them, it will be a great favor to me. JESSIE P. NORES. The general laws that provide meth ods of recovery from other employ ers apply to theatrical managers. If the manager has no property or money on which to levy, the employes suffer. This Is true of other bankruptcies. It is not uncommon to read that actors have attached boxofllco receipts to se cure payment of unpaid salaries. Proof of A,g;e. PORTLAND, Aug. 25. (To the Ed itor.) In an editorial. "Birth Records," you Inquire "How many can produce real proof that their age Is what they say It is7" Would an affidavit made by one's father or aunt before a notary publlo bo such a real (and I presume by that you mean legal) proof, said affidavit to state time and place of birth? If not, what would be proof In the absence of a birth certificate, the death of the at tending physician having taken place years ago? SUBSCRIBER. Wo know of no fixed rule for prov ing a person's age when there Is no birth certificate. If there Is no contra diction, a court or Jury or quasl-judl-clal body having the Issue before It, would probably accept the affidavit of father or aunt as sufficient. In event contradictory evidence was submitted the credibility of the witnesses as it impressed the court or Jury would be the governing factor. Chance to Help Red Cross. PORTLAND. Aug. 26. (To the Edi tor.) The retail stores of this city have announced their intention of Instituting one delivery a day and further request their customers to carry as many bundles as possible in the Interest of economy and patriotism. It is quite obvious that this overdue measure is economical, but it Is not clear that the public is to gMn any thing from this measure, at least the stores have not advertised any reduc tion to those who carry their own bundles. As the retail stores are effecting a considerable saving by this measure and as their patriotism is unquestion able, permit me to suggest that they contribute this saving to the Red Cross or to some other patriotic purpose and thereby acquit themselves of any self ish motive. M. E. DOEFMAN. No Such Law, Yet. PRESCOTT. Or., Aug. 14. (To tho Editor.) Is there any law that, when a man Is drafted into service, his wife receives a salary from tha Government? If so, how much does she receive a, month? A SUBSCRIBER.