Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937, April 21, 1917, Image 10

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Morning Oregonian., April 21, 1917, Page 10, Image 10

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Newspaper Page Text$3 THE MORNING OREGONIAN, SATURDAY, APRIL, 21, 1917, .i mm Bxm omnn PORTLAND, OREGON. Entered at Portland (Oregon) Postofflcs aa second-class mail matter. Vubscrlptloa rates Invariably In advance: (By Mall.) pally, Sunday Included, one year. .$8.00 pally, Sunday Included, six months. ..... 4.26 1'ally, Sunday Included, three months.... 2.25 pally, Sunday Included, one month. .75 pally, without Sunday, one year 6.00 paiiy, without Sunday, three months.... 1.75 pally, without Sunday, one month. ...... .60 Weekly, one year. 1.50 feunuay, one year. Sunday and Weekly.. 2.50 8.50 (By Carrier.) Pally, Sunday Included, om. year.... 9.00 Pally. Sunday included, one month.. .75 How to Remit Send postotflce money riier, express order or personal check on your local bank. Stamps, coin or currency are at sender's risk. Give postofllce address In full. Including county and state. Postage Rates 12 to 16 pages, 1 cent; 18 to 82 pages, 2 cents; 84 to 48 pages. 8 cents; CO to 60 pages, 4 cents; 62 to 76 pages, 5 cents; 78 to 82 pages. cents. Foreign post age double rates. Kastern Business Office Verre & Conklin. Brunswick building. New York; Verree Conklin, Steger building. Chicago; San Fran cisco representative. R. J. Bldwell. 742 Mar ket street. PORTLAND, SATURDAY, APRIL tl. 1917. TRUE KCONOMT ANT PALSK. In warning the people of the United Etates against Ill-advised economy, Howard E. Coffin, of the advisory Commission of the National Council of Defense, la mainly right, but it la to be regretted that he does not make clearer the distinction between true economy and false. He is on solid ground in calling attention to the mis taken policy of states and municipal ities of stopping- roadbullding and other civic Improvements, but he is eadiy mistanen lr ne means to impiy that it is the time for indiscriminate are In danger of finding ourselves In precisely the position of England at the beginning of the war, wnen lords ! and ladles and others In the fortunate ; possession of funds conceived it to be anything and everything. In a fatuous endeavor to "keep business running as usual." The British have learned their lesson, we ougm to prui.it uj ii It Is highly Important, as Mr. Coffin ; lias pointed out, that there shall be as little dislocation of business aa may be. but It would have been well if he had explained that this applies In ; particular to works of permanent value and not In any serse to frlp- ' perles and dlspensables. If consump tion merely for the purpose of creating more work fcr more workers were . sound economics, war, the greatest consumer of them all, would be an economic Dieasing wmcu it is uuu .' Needless style changes, wasteful ex penditures for luxuries, and gluttony J "make business" only In the most re stricted Bense. In their bearing upon the Nation's capacity, they are waste, t and nothing else can be made of them. Publio enterprises of enduring char- I acter are In another class. They may well be utilized as a sort or governor for the Industrial machine". They fur nish avenues for employment of men whose affairs have been disarranged ,. by the Inevitable readjustment of other enterprises. In the construction of a 'f permanent publio work, nothing Is i consumed in the sense that it is de- etroyed. Roadbullding, irrigation and every other necessary publio under i. taking ought to be continued where possible. They are distinctly produc- g-ument In favor of good roads is as vuiu UUW CUI II. cvci WCkO, auu 11. WYJ V II ,Vn ,4-w or ttiem ail the more wnen peace is restored. It is useful work, and the fact that it Is not imperative argues - - in its favor. If conceivably we shall " need all our workers in other employ ment, we shall not suffer irretrievably; wnue so long as lauor ror me purpose : ; is available, we shall hereafter enjoy -, a dollars worth of benefit for every dollar thus expended. ' It is difficult to understand, upon ' tions of Mr. Coffin to what he loosely terms the "hoarding of food supplies." People have been taught and wisely that there is no tetter form of thrift miui me Bwrdtj ol iuuu in Li mo ui ' plenty against the season when it is I naturally scarce. Tne housewife is T urged constantly to can vegetables and . fruit when they are cheap, to preserve ;' a Winter's supply of eggs during the season when the hens are laying busily. . i fi.na to im ner ceuar Dins witn potatoes i at harvest time, private food hoard , inc will nrfliiRt Itelr Wi a re mnwa ' likely to do too little of it than too much. No family is unpatriotic that ..- takes sen. ible precautions. Those who lav In their mirmllAs pnrlv in thA rp. f". son will not be competitors to drive .'-. prices up later on. This is as true V of one staple as it is of another. Buy- lner in cmantitv. where food is so rtat-orl , plain, everyday common sense. The speculator who "hoards" food - - in,. i.im 1 1 1 1 r t ivh 1 1 t m rj n mi t n other class. He Is the middleman ; who has given the whole class an un xavoraDie reputation. we shall see lefin of nlm. lr thA nntrfntln crMf rf . the Nation is fully aroused. If he con- tents himself with a reasonable mar- . gin, he will be doing a real service in an emergency in which service counts, .-. ! Food hoarding is far better than food , spoilage. There is no good reason why "., we should not so far as possible lav . and Fall. There is no getting away from the fact that we are going to experience -. :, a reaajustment or our internal econ . 1 1 1 1 1 i i : i n in f in, 1 1 inn i r mn.n Tn m , ; ' into our Army and Navy would com ' pel a drastic change, even if there were no added question of supplying them. It will not hurt business in the . , iuuk lull 11 w ill i i . i 1 1 iiiir. iikh ri t rnnjsA - things that we do not need and that t i we have an aggregate surplus as a re suit, we can sensibly expend It for en - ... . icuxva 1CVU5UUCU Lllia , principle when, despite the war, it com, '.'i pleted the great Rhone tunnel enter t'. i prise at Marseilles, and Germany did w - CX1.1HT3 in xkcciiiii uuuierous puDlic I undertaking under heaflwav. Rut oil the belligerents have found that tri . vate and personal economies were not only advisable but absolutely neces, sary. AJ.1 wasteful expenditures have been wholly eliminated. One beneficial result of our occu patlon of the Philippines has been the Invention, as the result of researches by the Director of Health, of a new material for the construction of houses for the poorer people. This is com posed of sand, cement, ipa, or th husks of rice, and bamboo for rein forcement. Model houses are being built at a cost of $250 each, to replace the present highly Inflammable nipa structures. They have an estimated life of 25 years, as compared with ten years for nipa houses, and are much more sanitary. Losses by fires in the highly combustible nipa houses in the past have been a great burden on the people. The no- composition, which In all probability never would have been developed except for the unselfish efforts of an American, has better fire- resisting qualities than a house built of hardwood and roofed with Iron. It is also insect-proof and in other ways marks a new epoch In housing condi tions for the Filipinos. PRESIDENT APPROVES FE8TIVAI1. A number of sincere persons have written to The Oregonian protesting against repetition of the Rose Festival this year. It Is argued that a Festival is unseemly levity In war time and that the money devoted to the event could be used to better purpose in aid ing Red Cross or other military auxil iary work. The Rose Festival management is not without a decent respect for proprieties. It has been determined to give the Festival patriotic coloring. Even so, steps were not taken until a telegram had been sent to President Wilson asking his approval, in view of the National crisis, of the association's purpose and suggesting that he touch a button at Washington opening the Festival. Following is a copy of President Wilson's reply: THE WHITE HOT7BE. Washington, T. C. 6:03 P. M., April 9. 1917. E. E. Larlmore. President Rose Festival Association, Port land, Oregon: Replying to your telegram, the President authorizes me to say that he thinks your Idea about this matter is an excellent one. He will be glad. If you wish It. to touch the button. J. P. TUMULTY, Secretary to the President. The Rose Festival has certain con structive Qualities. It promotes rose culture, and rose culture promotes health, and health promotes military efficiency. It is a eeason of gayety, it Is true, but we are not yet in sack cloth and ashes. The people have not given up less practical amusements. We have yet to hear of a dance, or a card party, or a boxing bout, or a baseball game called off on account'of the war. They should not be except within reason. Diversion is a neces sary safety valve In time of stress. As for its economic feature, let us bear In mind that the money expended remains at home. It merely changes hands. It goes Into the pockets of those who In due time will be called upon to bear their proportionate share of war's financial burdens and aids them to meet those obligations. The President's expressed approval ought to quiet well-meaning but mis guided opposition. ALL ARE LIABLE TO SERVE. President Wilson's letter to Repre sentative Helvering cuts the ground from beneath the feet of those who oppose the selective draft for the Army and Navy. He shows that provision is already made In the Army bill for en listment of more than the 500,000 vol unteers they wish to take before re sorting to the draft, but that the vol untary system takes men into the Army and BTavy who would better be left at home, and whom the selective draft would leave at home. He assumes to be known to the anti- draft party a fact which they ignore that the Constitution recognizes the draft as a means of obtaining as many men as are .needed for National de fense, and of taking the particular men who can best be spared for that service. His plan is not universal mili tary service in the sense of compelling every able-bodied man to bear arms, but it is universal National service in the sense of placing each man where he Can render the best servtce either pn a warship, in the Army, in the fac tory, on the farm, on a railroad, or In other non-combatant service. Univer sal liability to service already exists, and the President simply desires au thority to place men where they are moat needed. Conscription or draft means selec tion of the men who are to bear arms. Universal service directs what Bervice each man shall perform. This is dis tinct from universal training, under which all men would be trained for the fighting force, though only a frac tion of them might actually be taken for the Army or Navy by conscription or draft. The point which the President Im presses on Congress is that this war is an emergency in which all must serve the Nation, and that in opposing the Army Staff bill advocates of the vol untary system place obstacles In the way of all doing the best service. They are Diinaea Dy prejudice against a name to the necessity of the case. SUBSIDIZED HIGHER EDUCATION. Dr. Marlon Leroy Burton, new presi dent of the University of Minnesota, said in an address to the Legislature of his state recently that he dreamed of the day when every boy and girl In the state who desired a university education could have it "in spite of financial circumstances." The extent to which he would go In giving finan cial aid to ambitious students he did not reveal. Doubtless it would In elude some precautionary measure for separating the Bheep from the goats and of preventing the unworthy from reaping the bounty of the state. We want no more exotically educated uni verslty graduates than we now have. of course. But It Is seriously to be questioned whether under present con ditions there are' many ambitious young men or young women, bent on obtaining higher education, who do not reach the goal of their desires. We have compulsory education in the lower grades upon the well- founded principle that In the begin ning of his career the youngster does not know so well what is good for him and for the state as do the people as a whole. But we have left a suitable margin for individual effort and choice. At a certain point we leave the youth to his own devices. He has presumably learned to read and write and the way tr inform himself upon matters of public moment has been opened to him. To that end we have even adopted the practice In many places of assisting him with free books and sometimes with free meals. If he wants more education he usually man ages to get It. The universities are filled with boys and girls n who are "working their way through" and are all the better for It. They are better students nine times out of ten than pampered sons and daughters who live high on remittances from home. Not many of the leaders of our In dustrial or educational or political life were born with proverbial silver spoons in their mouths. A vast num ber of them won their university de grees by hard work, attended by not a little self-denial. If the way was difficult in places. It was nevertheless good discipline. It was an Important factor in building character. Those who made their own way are not heard complaining about their lack of opportunity. . We can easily go too far in smooth ing the pathway of the determined student. Those -who will profit by it most do not need state aid. The way is wide open. Results have proved It. We need a good many things more than we need : ubsldized higher education. WORK FOR POETS. We have two favorite ways of ex pressing enthusiasm. One is by pa rading, the other by wrting poetry. Many more persons parade than write poetry in times like these, but not many more parade than try to write. Both customs are productive, in a way. Parading Just now creates addi tional enthusiasm, which, inasmuch as we seldom parade twice for the same reason, finds its vent in the re cruiting offices or in some active serv ice for the country. Patriotic poetry also enhances enthusiasm which may help recruiting and mobilization of re sources to an extent, but quite often merely inspires more poetry. We have got the parade spirit out of our system but the poets are still singing. Somebody may produce a National air or Immortal verse In the present trial, but if either one appears it will .lave a thought in it. A point we wish to make is that a great deal of energy Is going to waste in preparation of "Hurrah, boys! Hur rah!" stuff Jingles that are Just Jin gles. Poetry is found elsewhere than in words. It greets the eye In the steady motions of the householder spading the back yard, and there is a sweet rhythm in the scritch, scritch of the garden hoe. Let's have more poetry of motion and less of words. Then the verse editor may be able to dig himself out of the office and famine will soon cease to menace. GERMAN POLICY HOSTILE. In fighting German autocracy, the United States is fighting for the law of humanity at sea, which Prussian militarism has undertaken to set aside; it Is fighting for democracy and Na tional right; but it is fighting also for the cardinal principle of American foreign policy, and with It for the independence of this and the other American republics. Plain intimations have come from Berlin that Germany would months ago have abandoned all conquests In Belgium, France and Russia and would have agreed to a free Poland under Russian suzerainty. If Britain would have abandoned sup port of the Monroe Doctrine and would have left Germany free to ex ploit not only Turkey but all of Latin America and to fight It out alone with the United States. By fighting Germany now, this coun try has enlisted the aid of the demo cratic nations of Europe In defeating these designs and has avoided the necessity of fighting at some later time to defeat them, at a time, too, when, if Germany emerged from the present war strong and still domi nated by Prussianism, we should have had to fight not onlyunaided by Eu ropean nations but possibly with them against us. Once more at a critical point in our history fortune has fa vored us with powerful allies in pre serving our vital Interests. Enmity of the Pan-Germans to the United States dates much farther back than the submarine controversy; it even antedates the Spanish War. It may be said to go as far back as IS 68, when the United States, Germany and Great Britain became rivals for con trol of Samoa. That controversy con tinued until 1899, when It was ended by division of the islands between the United States and Germany. In 1889 and 1899 It almost caused a German American war. When Andrew D. White went to Berlin as Ambassador for the second time in 1897, he found unfriendliness widely prevalent; all but two newspapers of importance were "more or less hostile, and some bitterly so." Prince Henry gave evi dence of this feeling at a banquet at Hongkong early In 1898 by offering a deliberate Insult to the United States, which Admiral Dewey and all his offi cers resented by leaving the table. This hostility assumed more definite form at the outbreak of the Spanish War, when Germany and Austria at tempted to form a European coalition to forbid war with Spain. That scheme was foiled by the positive refusal of Great Britain to Join in it, but Thayer in his "Life of John Hay" quotes the Kaiser as having said: "If I had only had a fleet, I would have taken Uncle Sam by the scruff of the neck." The same disposition was shown at Manila, where Germany sent a squadron of five vessels, stronger than that of Dewey. This squadron followed the American ships in every move they made in, preparing for the bombard ment of the city and gave every sign of an Intent to oppose the attack. The British squadron took up a position between the Americans and Germans, such that the latter could not fire without hitting the British ships. Ad miral von Diederich then drew off and soon afterward three of his ships dis appeared. One of them had earlier threatened to shell the Philippine in surgents who were preparing to attack Isla Grande in Sublg Bay, but with drew when Dewey sent two of his ships with Instructions to drive off the Germans and take the Spanish position. More evidence of a clash between German designs and American policy came in 1903, when Germany, Great Britain and Italy blockaded Vene zuela. Occupation of Venezuelan ter ritory was contemplated by Germany, but President Roosevelt prevented it by threatening to send Admiral Dewey to the scene with the Atlantic fleet. Again in 1914, the month before the war began, Germany proposed Joint control of the Haitlen customs, but President Wilson firmly rejected the scheme and, when revolution disturbed that republic in 1915, occupied it and took it under an American protecto rate. In 1902 the United States ar ranged with Denmark for the purchase of the Danish West Indies for $5,000, 000, but German intrigue caused the Danish Parliament to- reject the treaty, and the purchase was recently com pleted for five times that sum under a new treaty. Germany did her utmost by secret means to prevent the United States from obtaining the Panama Canal con cession, and German agents Instigated the Colombian Congress to. reject the Hay-Herran treaty in 1902. The ef forts to get possession of territory In Venezuela or Haiti were designed to get a foothold within striking distance of the Canal, while the intrigue 'in Denmark seems to have been Inspired by a hope to secure the Danish Islands for Germany. According to World Work, Secretary Hay about the same time learned that the Kaiser was nego tiating for the purchase of two harbors In Lower California, In all of these unfriendly moves Germany was trying to put in effect a policy which the Kaiser expressed with great frankness to a party of French peonle on his yacht Hohen zollern in July, 1901. He described American interference in European af fairs as a menace against which Eu rope should combine, and he suggested to France that the United States should be Isolated for the purpose of testing the Monroe Doctrine, but France refused to listen. It was as much to carry out hostile designs against the United States as to war on Britain that he built the second largest navy in the world. William II has been carrying oit and enlarging upon the policy of "real politlk" which had been followed by Bismarck, founded on the theory that I Germany's mission Is to organize the world on the lines of German effi ciency and to make all nations con tribute to the greatness and wealth of Germany. To this end Prince Henry made a tour of the United States, os- I tensibly to restore the good feeling which had been weakened by the Manila incident, but actually'to pro- mote Pan-Germanism and to unite tL -.n n Am,in. . ... rman-Americans into a force which , . , would control American policy In the luterebi. oi Germany, xo me same ena strong ties have been maintained with I the 500,000 Germans In Southern I Brazil, and even German ittlfment abroad has been bj. jlti ontnost . . , . nave ueeu maae consuls or otner na- tions. The aim has been to do much more than realize Naumann's Idea of Mittel Europa as a great German fed- eratlon stretching from the North Sea to the Persian Gulf and including not only Germany but Austria, the Bal kan states and Turkey; K was to hum ble the United States and to make the entire American hemisphere an ap panage of the German empire. As hope of realizing this dream has grown fainter and has given place to fear of utter defeat, the dislike which arose from national rivalry has given place to bitter hatred. Failure to win the quick victory on which the Kaiser I and his Junker advisers staked all is ascribed to American food and muni- tions poured Into Britain and France and to American restrictions on U-boat war. The sentiment of Germany to ward the United States months before the final barred-zone proclamation Is thus described by Herbert Bayard Swope in his book, "Inside the Ger man Empire": Throughout Germany today the hatred lor America Is bitter and deep. It la palpa ble and weighs you down. All the resent ment, all the blind Jury Germany once re served for England alone have been ei- panaea to include us, and have been ac centuated In the expansion. When we are fighting a country which Is controlled by men harboring I ambitions so destructive to our Na tional peace and safety and nourishing such bitter sentiments toward us, it would be suicidal folly for the United States to make a half-hearted war. Not until the Hohenzollerns and all who entertain their Ideas of conquest. all who practice their Inhuman meth ods, have been driven from power, can we relent. Our duty to democracy and the future peace of the world demand this, but even though they did not. our own security would demand it. If submarine war were to starve Brit ain into submission and were to give victory to Germany, we should be corn- pelled to fight alone atrainst a superior navy and a larger, victorious, veteran army. Our best hope of defeating the sinister, world-embracing designs of the Prussian oligarchy Is to keep the ames supplied witn an tne sinews or war until and after our own Army is ready. If thejr should fail, a more ter- rible war would await us. William F. Woodward Is a good cltl- zen and a man of reasonable mind and practical. If a list of twenty "best citizens were to be named, his would appear In the first five. His views on employment of women are based on thorough understanding of present- day conditions of labor and business. Harm cannot result from trial of his plan; hardship may follow indirectly a too-strict observance of law good In other times. Once more Sarah Bernhardt is dem onstrating the life-giving qualities of enthusiasm and hard work. The world will watch her recovery with sympa thetic interest and Americans will not give up hope of seeing her on another farewell tour. Boxing is not a ladylike game far from it; but it can be kept clean and it must and will be. It is a kind of sport that attracts men who care lit tle for other diversion and managers will see that it is kept within the law. Suppose Commissioner Holman and County Agent Hall read up on the parable of the loaves and fishes, preparatory to distributing 600 sacks of seed potatoes among applicants who want 20,000. If the problem of other commodities could, be solved as easily as counter acting tne rise in price or milk, a solution ' would be easy; but other things cannot be watered. General . von Biasing, German Gov ernor-General of Belgium, died of lung trouble, but that Is not what super stitious Belgians would call It. If there only were some way of storing and converting the energy of war rn At wa rrm 1 vnA n Knft!QuT,ln The hen that can lay an egg a day is becoming a fixed fact. Next will be the fowl to lay an egg and a half. The way of the transgressor Is greased. HI Gill is on the Job and the Billlngsleys are in Jail. Married men whose dependents are merely technical can remain in the National Guard. Let them hoard the food If they wish. A way of release will be made when needed. The modern Cinelnnatns will Ar well to stay with his plow, at least until the crop is in. It Is comforting to know the Lewis gun will be used in the country of its invention. Another fool man has killed his di vorced wife, but wisely shot himself. The farm employment bureau also has a patriotic duty to perform. Oregon's response with full naval quota is: ."Come aboard, sir!" Mr. Bryan is needed at Lincoln to stop that streetcar strike. Hasn't the south wind about enough this time? eoughed The Pneumatic Brain. By Irving; Bmcheller, of the Vigilante. Th pneumatic rubber brain whicn has to be blown up with hot air every day, expands into madness when the air is a little too hot and Imagines Itself a cousin of the Lord. Then if it has an army to back it, the swelled brain kindly offers to take the Lord into partnership in the butcher busi ness. - It la a type of insanity with which the world has been familiar for ages. Most of the Roman emperors had it. William, the Godful has It. So has all that pneumatic throng of Prussian princes. It has always been hard on ithe plain people. Whole races have been disemboweled by it. The pneu matic brain is and always has been the deadliest foe of democracy. To a man who can Imagine himself the cousin of God the life of an ordinary human being is not more important than that of' a Plymouth Rock rooster. Nothing is of any importance except his plans. Tha pneumatic brain is well known to us here. Certain American princes. reared in idleness and hot air. have had , x , . . . .. , ' .in it. Harry Thaw had it and seems still to have lt En&land haa deprived the brains of her princes of .their pneumat- lc and military attachments and made them safe and harmless. Germany is ruled by a group of Harry Thaw backed by prodigious armies. They have the world by the throat. Bhaktng off these ancient enemies of democracy these deadly vermin that infest the heavenly throne and imperil the health and comfort of the world? !s America to be a slacker and neglect lts duty to lts God- lta own People and the whole human race? I hope not. What we need is universal trainln which will develop the manhood of rich and poor and fraternize it on a basis of plain living and hard work. It will do more for America than all the colleges have done. We need a common aim that is above money, which Is, Indeed, the defense of the sacred, God-given aims of democracy, decency and sanity. There can be no peace for honest men while a maniac criminal has & throne and an army. Therefore, get us ready to take our proper place in the army of the Lord, you chlefs and captains who are still lingering in tne patns ot ease ana uai- llance. FEARFUL OF INCREASED TAXES Correspondent Has Not Discovered That Autos Pay Road Honda. PORTLAND. April 20. (To the Edi- itor.) What is the use of trying to smother 'the people with bonds? The man in the Grange is right as regards the bonds for roads. I believe they are afraid to call for the full amount of bonds all at once, for it would frighten the people. Vhy do they call for part of the amount then when they are half done call for another issue in or der to finish the enterprise? Now the poorest people are the ones that own a small amount of property. Why do they have to skimp and save in order to pay their high taxes, for we have to stand the high cost of llv ing the same as others, and we are not getting the rent by one-half of what we used to get? Why burden us beyond ail endurance? I believe we should take more time for this good road building. Some of the people in this state have gone crazy on good roads and the most of them don't have to skimp and deprive them selves in order to foot the bills. Let's wait till after the war is over and put all our energy towards helping our Arniy and Navy. We have not got time now, fo Joyridli18r.,f "d 1 b.ellSv"v. - fn, ty. t nrnn.. ,k. . that has been built Is for nothing else. I will have to work a lot overtime in order to pay my share of It. Now this 1 13 no time ror words, but a time for I deeds. So keep your back garden free irom weeds. tj. u. f. The bond Issue does not Increase taxes. It is to be paid, principal and interest, out of automobile license money, which the bonding act specif ically provides shall be used for that purpose. Automobile licenses have been so increased that they will pay off the bond issue and leave a surplus. The small property owner, who possesses no automobile yet cannot see an ad vantage for himself in having others pay for the good roads needs to brush up his business sense. SHERIDAN PROUD OF RECRUITS Town Contributes 60 Without Influence of Public Demonstration. SHERIDAN, Or.. April 19. (To the Editor.) -In The Oregonian April 16 I notice with much interest your edi torial comment on "Small Town Pa triotism," in which you call attention to the larger enlistment in the smaller towns and villages, over that of the larger cities. While referring to towns that have furnished such large proportion of men according to their population, I wish to cal1 yur attention to the town of Sheridan, which, according to the cen sus of 1910, has 1021 population, and added to the Army and Navy 60 of her high school boys and citizens of her town and Immediate vicinity. We are proud of all our sister towns. They have responded nobly to the Na tion's call, and especially are we proud of the character and number of our own splendid young men who went at the first call, and went without a fire and drum brigade or any other patri otic demonstration. L F. DAUUHE KIT. IXotr to Plan Potatoes. PORTLAND, April 20. (To the Edi tor.) To obtain tho best results in ra.islnsr notatoes: I (1) Should a seed potato the size of a I hen's egg or smaller be planted whole 1 or cut? I (2) If necessary to cut, should It be CUL LUQ 1UUB V dhwi cj . i Unw din.. trta-thr KtlAnM tlT be planted and what width between I rows? F. W. HILL. (1) More potatoes to the acre prob ably will result from planting the whole seed. (2) Either way, so long as there are well-defined eyes on each pleee. (3) For most varieties, rows three feet apart and seed two feet apart I in the rows. It is well to bear in mind In future seed selection that the cull potato is not the ideal seed. The governing unit Is the hill. When at harvest time prolific hill is encountered containing a large proportion of marketable pota toes, it should be reserved for seed purposes, bmau potatoes irom a good hill make better seed than large pota toes from a poor hill. We May Have to Feed Germany. PORTLAND. April 20. (To the Edl tor.) I take the liberty of advancing a thought that I have not yet seen ex pressed in any publio manner, though doubtless In the minds or many. Mr. vllson In 1 "s message to the country Bays in effect that we shall have to .supply our allies with all the various necessities of war, but does not mention that we might also have to feed the Germanio alliance on this year's supplies. ' Doubtless the German people . ould feel more desirous of peace if they knew that the American people were raisin cr food, to feed them as soon as I they wanted it. I CHARLES BANKS, TRAGEDIES OK VOLUNTEER. PLAN Americana Long; Held and Often Rout- I ed by Inferior Forces In Early Wars. PORTLAND. April 20. (To the Edi tor.) If the real truth about the United States' experience with the vol unteer system was taught in our schools Instead of the buncombe they do teach, there would be no objec tions to universal military service, ex cept from cowards and German sym pathizers. How many people know that in 1778 we mustered over 89,000 men and the British had but 20.000, and during the war we employed altogether over 400, 000 to Britain's 40,000. and during the eight years that th war lasted we won ust two battles of consequence Sara toga and Yorktown and that the credit for the latter belongs to the French? With such a preponderance of men. why did it take us eight years to gain our independence? Simply because the Bntpn was a trained soldier who knew his trade and the Colonials were a mob. Washington himself said that the militia were a nuisance. The war of 1812 demonstrated still more clearly the inefficiency of un trained men. The British had 17.000 regulars and we used during the war something ever 500,000, yet we won no battles except that of New Orleans and that was fought after peace hud been declared. July 4. 1814. a British fleet carrying 3000 men prepared to attack our capi tal. The Governors of the different states had been ordered to hold ready for immediate service a. force of 9S, 500 men. We had this force on paper. August 24 the patriots sprang to arms, every darned one 'of them, except 88,- 000. The battle of Bladensburg was fought the British using 1500 regulars aealnst our mob of 5000, and after we had lost eight killed and 11 wounuea the Americans beat It and left the Capitol to be burned by the British. Does any one think that our men were not equally ss brave as the Brit lsh? No, but they had no training, or- cranization or eaulnment. Are we to depend on the same kind of an Army today? Give the boys a chanra and don't send them out to slaughter. However, if we are to have Baker as Secretary of V ar and -Daniels at tho head of the Navy, it doesn't make much difference how many men we have, in fact the fewer the better. for the problems that will confront the Administration in the next few months are not alone beyond their grasp, but beyond their comprehension, This country has need of all its re sourcefulness, as well as Its resources, and the best men, irrespective of party, must be used. (J. u. .LO-.itJ x r, MORE PRIDE THAN PATRIOTISM Mother Thinks School Authorities Men aced Health of Paradlns Children PORTLAND, April 20. (To the Ed itor.) I have had four children in school at different times and have al ways had the highest respect for the Portland public school system, but to day my confidence has been badly shaken. I hope I am patriotic. I have always thought so; I know I would no hesitate at any sacrifice if I thought it would benefit my country. I have no criticism to offer concern ing the women of mature Judgment who wish to show their patriotism by marching through the streets in a pour Ing rain, but I do wish to protes against young girls being allowed to do this. When my young daughter goes to high school I trust her to the care the principal and teachers. Yesterday the young girls of Lincoln High were allowed before marching to stand tnre hours, bare headed, with only sweaters for wraps. Truly they were not com pelled to do this, but they were ex pected to make a good showing for the school, and what girl wants to be called a quitter? Why did I not forbid my daughte to march? Because I did not dream of the principal allowing them to go in the rain. My daughter came bom at 6 o'clock, drenched to the skin, chilled through and hysterical from fa tigue. If I had allowed her to dance half the night and sent her to school unfit for the next day's work the school would call me to account. Have I not the same privilege? Why can't we hav an asistant principal, a woman, who can regulate these things? AN INDIGNANT MOTHER. Monaco, Seat of Paganism. Pathfinder. Monaco, the famous little princi pality on the shore of the Mediter ranean, was overrun by Moors during the middle ages and held by them as a seat of paganism for more than 200 years, Grlmaldi. a Genoese captain, finally driving them out and winning leadership In the little nation as his reward. Memorable Features of Portland's Great Patriotic Parade Pictured The Sunday Oregonian Seven solid columns of fine photography, comprising a number of views of persons and incidents in the Patriotic Parade, when 20,000 patriots, of all ages and nationalities, marched as enthusiasts for America united. Captain W. H. Hardy, who sailed to Japan with Commodore Perry; Joe Hardy, newsboy, optimist against odds; the musket that blazed at Lexington, and rank on rank of marching patriots these, and more, in a pictorial page that should be pre served as a historical document. BIG MACHINERY OF DEFENSE A plainly told tale, unhampered by technicality, of the arms and devices of defensive warfare to be utilized by" the United States. New coast guns, portable forts on wheels, battleplanes and other military safeguards, with a glance at the naval and military means of effective preparation. HERBERT KAUFMAN'S WEEKLY PAGE Clear and high as a bugle at morning is Kaufman's convincing and stirring appeal "To a German-American," appearing on his page in the Sunday issue. Read it, whoever you may be, for no saner, more righteous concep tionf of Americanism has ever passed through a linotype to the printed page. MOUNT MKLNLEY. NATIONAL PARK Frank G. Carpenter, spe cial Alaskan correspondent to The Sunday Oregonian, writes of this region of natural wonders, where rear the highest of North American peaks. Plentifully illustrated with photographs, and told in the swift, easy narrative style that has brought Mr. Car penter to high favoritism: with thousands of readers. OLD POEMS POUR IN A worried man Is the Old Poems editor. Try as he may, he cannot keep pace and space with the persistent influx of olden ballads and verses, which readers of The Sunday Oregonian want him to publish. But he does the best he can, and seven columns of ancient favorite poesy appear each seventh day. The one you spoke at school, ever and ever so long ago, may be there this week. Look. SUNDAY CHURCH SERVICES In Portland tomorrow many min isters will devote a part of the service to the doctrine of "kind ness to animals," in recognition of Humane Sunday. Announce ments of all services, with other items of interest, appear in the Sunday issue. Read Rev. W. G. Eliot's sermon on National unity of spirit. PATRIA "Peace on the Border," 12th episode of the Bpeedy serial by Louis Joseph Vance, proves aught but peaceful for poor Patria, last of the fighting Channings. Appearing in the Sunday issue and shown In photoplay at local theaters. All the News of All the World. t THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN Five Cents. The Boaster. By James Barton Adams. When rumors of war were first heard n the land and patriot eyes were glow with light of devotion to Old Glory and the red blood grew warm in ts flow, he often unllmbered his jaw and turned loose in the 'height of bellgerent moods how he at the first call to arms would produce the highest grade patriot goods. He'd rush to tha colors, grasp rifle in hand, and breast the full force of the storm of desperate warfare on sea or on land; face slaugh- er in any old form. His valiant ancestors clear down to the roots of his patriot family tree were fighters from war-heatd noggins to boots, were heroes In war history. It ran In the blood In a generous flood and. If war clouds should blanket the sun, he'd be one of the first loyalists to make good by attaching himself -.to a gun. . Th gathering war cloud has now put a rlmp in oft acclaimed patriot pluck, he goes about town with a cane and a limp and damns his abominable luck. The rheumatlz hit him a terrible swat, his liver Is all out o' whack, his mus cles seem tied in a double bowknot and he's wearing a pain in his back; his eyesight's bo bad that he never could aim a gun in the face of the foe, and. though he with patriot fire is aflame, he's not In condition to go. and all of his neighbors who long have endured the boasts he so volubly aired well know the darned slacker can never ba cured till the news comes that peace is declared. The boasters who prate of their courage to men who'll lend them the use of their ears will shy like a horse at, an elephant when the smoke of the battle appears, but the earnest faced, quiet young fellows who pause na consider the price to be paid, then loyally offer their lives to the cause are the stuff of which fighters are made. THE AMERICAN FLAG. When Freedom, from her mountain height. Unfurled her standard to the air. She tore the azure robe of night. And set the stars of glory there! She mingled with its gorgeous dyes The milky baldric of the skies. And striped Its pure celestial white With streaklngs of the morning light; Then, from his mansion in the sun. She called her eagle-bearer down. And gave into his mighty hand The symbol of her chosen land. Flag of the brave! thy folds shall fly. The sign of hope and triumph high! Whan speaks the signal trumpet tone. And the long line comes gleaming on. Ere yet the life-blood, warm and wet. Has dimmed the glistening bayonet. Each soldier's eye shall brightly turn To where thy sky-born glories burn. And, as his springing steps advance. Catch war and vengeance from the glance. ' Flag of the free heart's hope and home. By angel hands to valor given. Thy stars have lit the welkin dome. And all thy hues were born in heaven. Forever float that standard sheet! Where breathes the foe but falls be fore us. With Freedom's soil beneath our feet. And Freedom's banner streaming o'er us? Joseph Rodman Drake, Germany's Munition Exports. PORTLAND. April 20 (To the Edi tor.) A correspondent from Weston, Or., signing D. B., asked me to give, through The Oregonian. my source of authority for Btating that Germany furnished Great Britain with munitions during the Boer War. In answer I will say, a special from Washington, D. C.. dated August 15, says: "An appendix to Secretary Lansing's reply to the Austrian note objecting to American exports of arms and am munition to tho allies gives the figures of exports of arms and ammunition by Germany and Austria-Hungary to Great Britain during the four years of le89, 1900, 1901, 1602, in the Boer War. The exact amount of all arms and munitions and their character-during these years are given in reply." ISAAC PEART. True Support Given. PORTLAND, Or., April 20. (To the Editor.) I am and was a "Wilson Re publican" and many times during Wil son's first term and in his last cam paign did I feel that you were ex tremely unfair and sometimes almost treasonable. But since war has been declared you have by your editorials made me ad mire your course, for I sincerely think that you are giving the President and the flag sincerer loyalty and truer support than any other city paper and than some Democratic papers that 1 read. I certainly take off my hat to you and Bay,- honor to you. JUST A COMMON MAN.