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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 21, 1916)
6 THE MOTtNIXG OKEGOXIATT, MONDAY, AUGUST 21, 1910. PORTLASD, OREGON. Entered at Portland (Oregon) Fostofflce a second-class mall matter. Eubscription rates Invariably In advance. iBy Mall.) Pally, Sunday Included, one year 8.(H). Xaliy, Sunday included, six months 4-35 X)aily, Sunday included, three mouths... 2.23 X'aliy, Sunday Included, one month. .... .75 Jjaily, without Sunday, one year......... 6.25 ljally, without Sunday, six months..... 8.23 pally, without Sunday, three months.... 1.75 X'ally, without Sunday, one month 60 Weekly, one year...................... 1.50 unda. one year...................... 2.5t fcunda.y and Weekly 8.5U (By Carrier.) Eally, Sunday Included, one year ... 9.00 ally, Sunday Included, one month.... .75 Bow to Kemit Send postofflce money order, express order or personal check on your local bank. Stamps, coin or currency are at sender s risk. Give postoffice address in full, including- county and state. Postage Rates 12 to 16 pages, 1 cent; 18 to 82 pages, 2 cents; 34 to 48 pages, 3 cents; to to 60 pages, 4 cents; 62 to 76 pages, & cents; 78 to 82 pages. 6 cents. Foreign postage, double rates. Eastern Business Office Verree Conk Jin, Brunswick building. New York; Verree & Conklln, Steger building, Chicago. San I ranclsco representative, R. J. Bid well, 742 Market street. PORTLAND, MOJTDAY. AUGUST tl, 1916. ABOUT BATE DECISIONS. The position of Portland in the con troversy regarding railroad rates on traffic which is competitive with ocean routes Is not yet understood by the Salem Capital-Journal. That paper says that the jruling of the Interstate Commerce Commission discontinuing competitive rates is Inexcusable, bo long as the system Is recognized as Correct, but It continues: The trouble with Portland la that she ta between the devil of Spokane and the deep blue sea of Astoria and the Sound. Her contention Is that having a river level and a shorter haul she should be entitled to lower rates than Astoria or the Sound. Her reasoning is sound and under all the laws of fair and equal treatment she should have preferential rates over -either of these places. But suppose her contention is allowed! Will not The Dalles, Baker City,' Sjokane end every other city along the line from Chicago to Portland be entitled to a lower rate than Portland? If so,; these Interior cities can get their freight from Chicago cheaper than by purchasing in Portland, which they could for the reason that they would have a lower freight rate from Chi cago than Portland would have, and be sides would not have to pay the local freight rate from Portland on top of It. Hence, !f Portland wins her contention she will lose unless the Intersta-te Commerce Commission, with Its great power, simply discriminates In favor of Portland. Under the present arrangement, Astoria gets the Fame rates as Portland and is, therefore, in better position to control ocean shipping than Portland, handicapped with towage fnd other charges. Portland Is surely up gainst a, hard proposition. Portland's contention Is that as an fjcean terminal, not merely as being on a river level, it is entitled to as low a rate by railroad as by sea; also that," being nearer to interior points on both river and rail lines than Astoria or Puget Sound, it is entitled to lower rail rates to and from the Inland Em- .plre. The water-competitive rate on transcontinental freight is based on eound principles. Ships can carry freight at that rate and railroads must meet It or not get the busi ness. Addition of the back-haul rate In making the rate to interior points Fimply charges rail traffic the same rate as ocean freight landed at Port land and hauled eastward to the in terior would have to pay. In suspending the competitive rate - the Interstate Commerce Commission clearly violated the law which it pro fessed to administer. The law pro vides that, when once the Commission lias permitted establishment of rates based on water competition, it may only change them again because of changes in conditions other than elimi nation of water competition. The Commission based its decision on elimination of water competition, and one of the factors which it mentioned the blockade of the Panama Canal had disappeared before its decision was rendered. This stretch of au thority has been made ground of an appeal to court. There ' was good cause for the proviso which the Com mission ignored. But for it, a rail road might reduce rates to a point where it destroyed water competition, then might make that fact a ground for increasing them again. Congress Intended to . prevent railroads from doing with ocean competition that which they have successfully done with river competition. Portland's claim to lower rates from lntermountain points than has Astoria or the Sound is not connected with ocean competition, but on the shorter distance from those points to Port land than to Astoria and on the posl tion or Portland as the port of a water grade as against a mountain grade to the Sound. Those are natural conditions which eannot be changed, but which the Commission has Ignored. Astoria is not In a better position than Portland to control ocean ship ping, for ships are chartered to' and from the Columbia River, which in eludes Portland and any other ports on the Columbia, at the same rate, nnd the volume of traffic will bring them to Portland. granting fortiand s claim to a lower rate than Astoria on lntermoun tain traffic would not affect transcon tinental rates to The Dalles, Baker, Ppokane and other interior cities. They would be, as they now are, en titled to lower rates than Portland from nearer points in the Inland Em- jpire. The rule governing water-competitive rates would not apply In those cities unless ocean-going ships could go to The Dalles, for example. Portland Is not "up against a hard proposition." It has at its disposal means of overcoming obstacles set up by the Commission means provided by nature, of which no court or com mission can deprive it. Those means ere the full utilization of its position at the head of sea navigation and on a navigable inland waterway. Its po sition as a rail and water terminus offering a great volume of traffic to , railroads and ships is impregnable. When temporary, artificial obstacles - to the working of natural law, inter- - posed by the war, have been removed and when natural forces are set at work by the city itself, Portland will Btill be the chief port of the Colum bia River, doing the- full volume of ' business which its position warrants. The city will be able to laugh at com missions and their puny dikes against ' operation of those laws which give it this position. BONDS THE RESULT OF WASTE. The Democratic members of the Penate finance committee ascribe the necessity of issuing bonds to the cost . of preparedness, but the ' figures pre sented to Congress by the committee and by Representative Fitzgerald show that, had Congress avoided unneces sary and wasteful appropriations, no bond issue would have been needed. Of the river and harbor appropria tions, at least $20,000,000 has been condemned repeatedly as pork. The $11,000,000 appropriated for an armor plant and the $20,000,000 for a nitrate plant are unnecessary, for private In- vestors are prepared to supply the Government with armor and nitrates at prices to be fixed by the Federal Trade Commission. The $60,100,000 appropriated by the shipping bill Is sheer waste. Desirable as is Federal aid to road-building, it could well have been postponed when the Nation is spending hundreds of millions on so vital a necessity as National defense. The committee cites $21,000,000 for rural credits and good roads as an ab normal expenditure. This sum includes $5,900,000 for roads and $15,100,000 for rural credits. As the bill contem plates a Government Investment of $650t00 in each of the twelve land banks and appropriates $100,000 for administrative expenses, $7,900,000 should suffice. As the $50,000,000 to be expended under the shipping bill is to be pro cured by sale of Panama Canal bonds, $64,200,000 of the $130,000,000 for which a bond issue Is proposed could have been1 saved by reasonable econ omy and by avoidance of socialist schemes. Further economy in the ad ministration of the departments might have saved the rest of the $130,000, 000. That this Is possible may be in ferred from the fact that proposed ex penditures, exclusive of preparedness, for 1917 exceed those for 1916 by $164,000,000. The bond issue is made necessary, not by the Mexican emergency, but by Democratic extravagance, with which the present and proposed additional taxes cannot keep pace. It is high time that a man with Mr. Hughes' ideas on the handling of finance should be placed at the head of the Government. The Democrats are In capable of limiting expenditure to rev enue, even when the latter Is annually Increased by new taxes. Four years ago a Democratic con temporary, the Portland Journal, had much to say about the sterling quali ties of Woodrow Wilson, then a can didate for President. On one occasion Mr. Wilson was said by this sometimes veracious chronicler, to be a progressive of the type of William Jennings Bryan. It also remarked that Mr. Wilson was a progressive of the type of Rob ert M. LaFollette. Again it announced that Mr. Wilson was a statesman of the type of Abra ham Lincoln. " On another day It anneared to the aforesaid contemporary that Thomas Jefferson had reappeared In the flesh of Woodrow Wilson. There was also the day when Mr. Wilson seemed to it to be the rein carnation of Andrew Jackson. This is not a Joke. Th-S virtues of the living and the mantles of the dead were all pinned on Woodrow Wilson by his Portland admirer. It must be because of these reborn traits that the President, in the eyes of Democrats, should enjoy special immunity from Criticism of his acts, deeds or policies. We are convinced that this is true because four years ago it was considered in Democratic circles neither malfeasance, misfea sance, lese ma J est e or high crime and misdemeanor to abuse, let alone criti else, the President of the United States. The same newspaper which would now put the Administration in a fragile showcase gave publicity to an incendiary remark by Governor John son, of California, and added this sneer on its own account: Regardless of .party, millions of his-coun trymen will resent the assertion that Mr. Taft is the most humiliating character in American nistory. w nat about .tseneoict Arnold ? What about Aaron Burr? DEAB WHEAT DEAR BREAD. There seems to be sound reason for the bakers' plan to save their custom ers part of the Increased cost of bread which results from the rise in the price of wheat. The cost of baking 1000 6 -cent loaves being estimated at $3.55 more than that of baking 50Q 10-cent loaves of the same flour, a saving of seven-tenths of a cent is effected on each '10-cent loaf. Even at that, the bakers propose to give only '20 ounces of bread for 10 cents m.s compared with the former 13 ounces for 5 cents, or six ounces less for 10 cents than hitherto. While the short crop justifies a con siderable advance in the price of wheat and consequently of bread, it does not Justify talk about famine prices. Unless further damage should occur during harvest, the carry-over from last year's crop, added to the new crop, will leave a margin of 34 000,000 bushels over the estimated needs of this country and Europe. This is a decidedly narrow margin. but it does not indicate famine. That condition might follow a second short crop on reduced acreage next year, for there would be practically no carry-over to make up for deficiencies as there has" been this year. But the high price may well cause sowing of increased acreage, and two extremely bad seasons rarely succeed each other. There is stronger ground to expect the wheat market to recover its balance next year than to expect a continuance of present abnormal prices. CONSERVE lira AND HEALTH. The greatest of all wastes Is loss of human life and health, and their pres ervation should be the first work in conservation. What can be done in this direction at relatively slight ex pense is described by Herbert Quick in the Saturday Evening Post. A town which had suffered from a serious epidemic of typhoid fever had the in take of its waterworks on a stream below the outlet of a sewer from a public institution; It caused the sewer to be extended below the Intake. Many houses were not connected with the sewers; it enforced connection. Promptly the number of typhoid cases' decreased materially. Similar im provements are said to have practi cally extinguished typhoid fever in the Takima Valley. This is the highest form of con servation, without which all other forms are useless. The purpose of conserving forests, coal, oil, water- power, is that they may betterv serve man, but or what use is it if we per mit disease to destroy man? These resources may improve health and prolong life, but our energy in pre serving them is wasted if we permit preventable disease to destroy both health and life. While the chief aim of sanitation is to promote human happiness, it pays as a mere business matter. Money expended in bringing the sick back to health, the earnings lost during periods of sickness and the earning power lost through premature death are all losses to the community the aggregate of which in any one year would far exceed the interest on cost of improved sanitation. That which is true of typhoid and similar diseases is true also of every thing which prevents development of children to full mental and physical vigor. The bringing up of children in unhealthy slums, .without proper food, fresh air arid exercise, without education adapting them for some pQ cupation; the employment of them In factories while they are still growing and when they should be at school all are waste. Employment of women at exhaustive work which breaks down their physique is In the same category. So is the incurring of avoid able risk to life and limb of men in mines and other dangerous places. The man who stunts the growth of children, unfits women for- maternity or makes corpses or cripples of men Is a worse foe of conservation than he who fires a forest or wrecks a coal mine. AIMTN'Q AT THE IMPOSSIBLE. It Is likely that the proposed traffic ordinance is attempting the impos sible. It is apparently designed to appease the demands of many mer chants on the one hand that there be freedom of access from the curb to their places of business and on the other hand to recognize the right of sight seeing and pleasure vehicles to make an open garage or place of busi ness of some streets In the business district. If these conflicting interests can be satisfied and other phases of the "traffic problem in narrow streets be solved, wonders will have been per formed. The ordinance as drafted pefmlts vehicles to stop in certain streets only long enough to take on or discharge passengers. The streets designated In clude several now used as stations for livery cars which will consequently move Into streets also In the congested district, where vehicles may stand for not to exceed thirty minutes If unat tended and for an indefinite period If attended by a driver. t The streets where vehicles may not stand will be known as the prohibited district. There the merchants will be properly relieved of the annoyance and Inconvenience of standing cars, but may they not be deprived also of the trade of persons who step from automobiles to make quick purchases? What will the single occupant of an automobile do who wants a cigar, a book, a cake of toilet soap, a box of candy, a carton of Ice cream, or any one of a thousand other small articles quickly obtained? He may not legally leave the car long enough to buy. If he goes to a street In the district where unattended cars may stand for thirty minutes he is likely to find It congested with attended cars. He may not stop in the middle of the street; he may not leave the car before the entrance of a building. Will he drive out of the restricted and prohibited districts, park his car, walk back into town, purchase the cigar or soap or candy, then walk back several blocks to his automobile? We think not. The ordinance will improve ttre business of the suburban merchant. This is all apart from the hopeless prospect that the average automobile owner will ever get fixed In his mind the boundaries of the prohibited dis trict as distinguished from the bound aries of the restricted district. Arrests of car owners, inconveniences caused them and whatever loss of business is suffered by downtown merchants may be laid to the policy of permitting a livery business to be conducted In the streets of a congested business area. With the latter out of the way, traffic regulations could be extremely simpli fied. WASTE IX GOVERNMENT. Mr. Hughes need go no further than the 6peech of Senator Taggart, a. Democrat, delivered In the Senate on August 12. for evidence and denuncia tion of Democratic extravagance. Mr. Taggart approves of the purposes of much recent and pending legislation. Involving expenditure by the Govern ment. He approves of a Tariff Com mission, of the appropriations for good roads. Government Bhlps, river and harbor improvement, flood con trol, military and industrial prepared ness, rural credit and other purposes. He agrees that wealth should bear its Just proportion of these expenses,, but he contends that the extraordinary expense for preparedness should be met by bond issues, not out of current revenue by new taxes. He showed that after tssulrfg $50,000,000 of Pana ma Canal bonds to provide funds for the -shipping scheme, $191,000,000 of these bonds would remain, an he urged that they be issued to pay the cost of Army and Navy increase, in stead of imposing additional taxes: He remarked: v. You cannot constantly keep raising taxes without eventually affecting the farmer, mechanic, laborer and business man. I wonder what would happen to each Senator and to each member of the House lf: he spent or appropriated money In his private affairs as he spends it in public affairat, 1 wonder how long it would he until 'we would all find ourselves In a court of bank ruptcy? On the other hand, I wonder what would happen to the country If every mem ber of the Senate and House would make up his mind In the direction of rigid economy and fearlesrly cut off every useless dollar of appropriations? I wonder If the taxpayers of the Nation would rise up and revolt against Congress If such a thing should happen? I favor a liberal but busi nesslike economy. to commend it to legislative favor," ... . . . . . . .. he said "Consrress is commencing a t1 the wrong end" by determining f irtl e " Vi n w miirh mnnAV It wanta tn anL 1 propriate. then making the appropria-V tioris regardless of whether the I revenues are sufficient to meet them." Instead of cutting the appropriations down to meet the revenue. Congress proceeds to increase taxation." The Senator said that Congress should have saved $20,000,000 on the river and sharbor bill a,nd' several mil lions on the agricultural bill, and had no doubt that other millions could have been saved outside of v the Army and Navy, and he placed the responsi bility on Congress. As an example of extravagance he cited public building bills Introduced at this session aggre gating $100,664,000. and said that an omnibus bill carrying $35,000,000 had been reported to the House and that an attempt would be matle to pass it next December. The apology for this waste is that the people demand it and that Con gressmen obtain appropriations in order to "make themselves solid" with the people.. But surely men of suffi cient eminence to make laws for the Nation should have the courage to give the people clearly to understand that the Government cannot spend more money without collecting more taxes and that, whatever pains are taken to exact taxes from the wealthy, they will ultimately be borne by the masses. Our lawmakers should be molders of public opinion, not mere agents for the gratification of their constituents' desires. The Indianapolis News tells us that such speeches as Mr. Taggart's "can not all at once' make economy popular. True, but many such speeches can, if the people are con stantly reminded that they must pay the bills. The American people have been sensible enough to recognize the merit of many progressive laws which have been the result of appeals to their sound judgment; they will surely . r see the wisdom of governmental economy. In calling attention to this subject Mr. Hughes is working in the same cause as Mr. Taggart, but there Is small prospect that the latter will have much success In convincing his own party. Genuine and continued economy is only possible through an executive budget system, against which the Democrats have set their faces but which Is advocated In the Republican platform. GOOD TOSTS OF IT. It seems now more than probable that the wheat growers of the North west will not only have a record breaking crop, but will receive for it almost a record-breaking price. There will come Intc the hands of the wheat farmers several millions " of "easy money," If that term may be applied to excess receipts over normal years. What usually happens when a large sum of "easy money" comes into the possession of the average man, be he farmer, merchant, banker, capitalist or wage earner? We all know that there is more truth than poetry in the adage "easy come, easy go." We have seen it ex emplified in all walks of life and in all sections of the country. The aver age man who receives a lot of money not expected, is too apt to think it but the beginning of good fortune and bound to continue. So he spends right and left and left and right until the bottom of the purse is reached. If that were all It would not be so bad, but that Is the least of his difficul ties. He and his family have had a taste of high living which cannot be changed In a day . or a year; beyond that he has likely gone In debt. Chauncey Depew tells ef a success ful and wealthy farmer of his section who fell unexpectedly heir to $100,000. Two years later this man came to Depew to make an assignment for the benefit of his creditors. He was hopelessly Insolvent. Chancey said, "Why Bill, you were a short time ago our richest farmer and Just then you received a legacy of $100,000." "Yes," said the farmer, "it was that damned legacy that broke me." We do not say this disease Is con flated to farmers. Not at all. But In the present Instance it Is the wheat growing farmers who are to come into possession of these unexpected mil lions. It would be wise if they would remember that the crop may be Bhort and the prices may be low next year. So the part of wisdom would be t' pay debts first. If any, and then bank or Invest the remainder. There are vast possibilities in the way of reclamation that need not wait on Government action. This has been demonstrated over again by Randolph Brown, a farmer near Franklin, who began two years ago to lay drain tile In a bit of wet land that previously had been worthless to him. . He has now completed the laying of 9000 feet of tile, and visitors to his place have been surprised by results. There is a field of oats five feet high. In addition to eight acres of potatoes that give in dications of a record yield. The tiled land is in some respects superior to the rest of the farm, because It Is now possible to cultivate it earlier in the Spring. The aggregate acreage of these waste places on the farms of the United States is exceedingly large, and the farmer who proceeds to re claim them without waiting on events Is not only adding to his own resources but is performing a patriotic duty at the same time. An additional motive for Germany's herculean efforts to capture Verdun is suggested by atwrlter for the Iron Age, who says: The whole steel Industry of the (Euro pean) continent now centers around the iron ore In German and French Lorraine. If Verdun falls, then Nancy may come next, and if Germany gains that area and holds what she now has, France will dis appear from the list of Important pro ducers of Iron and steel, while Germany will control the whole steel Industry of the continent. The same motive explains Germany's desire to control Belgium, for that country has valuabli iron and coal de posits. In possession of Belgium and Eastern France, Germany would have been safe from rivalry in Europe as a steel producer, for 'Britain's home sup ply of Iron ore Is running low and it imports from Sweden and Spain. The United States alone would have excelled Germany in iron resources and in steel production. , Miss Bornt should be able to collect overtime pay for the hours she was imprisoned in the bank where she Is employed, especially as she spent the hours at work. A mere man wTJuld have wasted the time in cussing and kicking. Any old charge Is good enough now to Justify lynching a negro. One was strung in Texas for the usual crime and five, which includes two women. in Florida for aiding the escape of a negro who stole hogs. IN I T t tat flpvpn wppki tn Altrrfrin hni Secretary -Olcott's advice to register early is good. By so doing, the voter will receive "literature" of more o less value- The long-distance forecast for the week is temperatures below normal, which is good for man- and beast, but hard on the corn. Commissioner Blgelow must do. some lively gyrating to make a twelve foot financial carpet, cover a twenty- four-foot space. ' A Chinaman driving a spirited team on city streets is a fearsome spectacle. but as an amateur chauffeur he la the limit. That offensive on the Balkan front seems to have been started by the Bulgarians instead of the allies. The man who stole a hot stove has his match in the one who Is accused of stealing a church bell. If Great Britain wants to keep down American wheat all she need d6 is open the Dardanelles. Lots of fine aviation weather Is being wasted. Where are the flying machines? The mountains will carry over an unusual amount of - snow to Winter. naxt over Dragging out the war" to cover the campaign Is stretching it thin In spots. Ballplayers this year look better in pictures than they do in action. The New Tork strike was settled too easily to last. Funston sees the folly of longer stay in Mexico, ' How to Keep Well. By Dr. W. A. Evans. Questions r-ertlnent to hygiene, sanitation and prevertlon of disease. If matters of gen eral Interest, will be answered In this col umn. Where space will not permit or the subject Is not suitable, letter will be per sonally answered, subject to proper limita tions snd where stamped addressed envelope Is Inclosed. Dr. EWars will not make diagnosis or prescribe, for Individual diseases. Re quests for such services cannot bs answered- (Copyrlght, 1819. by Dr. W. A. Evans. Published by arrangement with the Chicago Tribune.) Heat of Rnnss Body. The human body Is making heat con stantly. The more active the physical and mental exertion is and the greater the intake of food has been, the more heat is generated. By eating very little food, by avoiding meats and fats and eating vegetables, fruits, breads, and milk, and by remaining as Inactive as possible, the amount of heat produced can be reduced to the minimum, but the production of some excess of heat can not be entirely avoided. The body gets rid of heat by conduc tion, radiation, and evaporation of moisture. The fewer clothes are worn and the better access the air has to the skin, the readier conduction, radiation and evaporation take place. At the time this is written the at mospheric temperature of an Indoor space is S6t as registered by an ordi nary or dry bulb thermometer placed near an inside wall. A wet bulb ther mometer in the same case registers 80. The difference, 6 degrees at these tem peratures, indicates a relative humidity of 78. It Is 10 o'clock in the morning, and It Is a safe guess that by 8 o'clock this afternoon the dry bulb ther mometer will register 90. the wet bulb 84. and the relative humidity will be 80. Of the two temperatures, that re corded by the dry bulb and that by the wet bulb, the latter Is the better Index to the ability of the human body to get .rid of heat, and therefore the better in dex of comfort. The human skin is al ways moist with perspiration. In very hot weather wet better describes the condition of the skin. Therefore we are Interested in knowing what Is the temperature of wet objects rather than of dry ones. When the wet bulb temperature reaches 84 and the humidity Is 80 the human body cannot get rid of much heat to the air. The temperature of the skin is not liable to be much over 96, and therefore it will hot yield heat readily to the air at 90. The more Important method of losing heat In hot weather is by evaporation of sweat, but when the wet bulb is 84 and the relative humidity is 80 the perspiration cannot evaporate as rapid ly as It exudes. The air cannot take up moisture rapidly when the water appe tite Is already four-fifths satisfied. That air next the skin within a few .seconds is raised to 96 temperature and 100 relative humidity. This suggests that by the use of fans we can displace this overwarm and overwet air and re place It with air that is hungrier for heat and thirstier for water. Light diet and physical and mental inaction de crease the amount of heat produced. Light clothing and drafts of air in crease the amount of heat dissipated. Tine Oil for Files. Constant Reader writes: "Can you publish a method to get rid of flies that have bred and multiplied in a base ment? Is-there anything one can burn to create a gas, or can you suggest a spray?' REPLY. I nresume the fly complained of Is a small black fly Which breeds around damp plumb ing. You can drive these flies out by spraying pine oil. To prevent them from breeding the breeding places must be maaa right. This usually calls for the services of a plumber. Nsurslnar Babies. Mrs. Q. O. P. writes: "Have had three babies, one' dying at the age of 6 months of bowel trouble. Have never been able to nurse babies any later than second month. Am expecting an other baby. Can you suggest anything that I could do to correct this trouble? REPLY. Probably the trouble Is with your habits. When women with yonr trouble have gone Into hospitals -where they could be closely observed, It has been found possible to keep their babies at the breast In practically every case. In some cases the women were nursing every hour or two. In some they were waking up and nursing the baby every few hours during the night. In some they were worrying. In some they were eating too little; in some, too muoh. Decide what your bad habit has been and do differently this time. Above all, get plenty of rest and sleep. Nurse your ba.by every four hours after the first few months. Nurse him at 10 and 2 at night when he Is young, and no oftener. Eat plain, simple food, but do not over eat. ' Biting Finger Nails. O. K. writes: "Kindly publish In your health column a cure for the habit of finger nail biting. Also. Is it con duclve to infantile paralysis, and In what wayf" RBPLT. Yon must be the doctor. The control of the nail-biting habit la s matter of training. A 10-year-old boy should stop this hahlt by force of will. His parents should help. Jn some cases where parents fail the masters of boarding schools succeed. The hahlt is not especially conducive to Infantile paraly sis. However, It Increases ths danger slight ly, due to Infection carried to the mouth on the hands. Fattening Foods. Mrs. A H. writes: "Tour article on atypical gout interested me greatly particularly the diet. I find, however that almost all the articles of food recommended are fat producing, so, since I weigh 200 pounds, could you suggest any modification? REPLY. Your criticism is well founded- Fpeaktng generally, foods high In starch and sugar are fattening. However, you can. regulate your tendency to obesity by limiting the quantity of food eaten. Quantity of food eaten la the most Important factor In obesity, lljor Rlckerall or La Creole T MIL W AU K I B, Or.. Aug. 20. (To the Editor.) As a missionary among the Indians for over 11 years, allow me to state that neither "Rlckreall" nor "La Creole" is of Indian origin, unless the Word has been strangely perverted In Its anglicized spelling. My observa Ions tell me that the letter "r" was not originally a part of the alphabet In the many Indian languages and dia lects on this coast. To give an Instance the Chinook word for "priest." The first missionaries to the Indians on this Northwest Pacific Coast were either Uelgtan (Father US FTTTeTJ or french-Canadlan (Fathers Blanchet and Demers) priests. For the word "priest" they introduced into the Ch nook Jargon the French noun "le pretre." The Indians, even now. In variably pronounce it "no penet," I was very much amused at the word "ualtee. so frequently used In the pub llo press during the late Rose Festival. After long study, I found out that It was meant for the Indian, or rather Chinook word that conveys- the Idea of a Joyful time or disposition. The word, "youth-el," pronounced in one syllable, would exactly give the sound for the Chinook' word that expresses J fv. iov and merriment. (REV.) J. A. VAN NEVEU Afraid 'f Mamntn. Short Stories Evelyn Is very cowardly and her father decided to have a serious talk with hia little daughter. "Father," she said at the close e.f his lecture, "when you see a cow, ain't you 'frald?" "No, certainly not, Evelyn." "When you see a bumblebee, ain't you 'frald?" "No!1 with scorn. "Ain't you afraid when It thunders?" "Xo," with laughter; "oh. you silly, silly child!" "Papa." said Evelyn,' -solemnly, "ain't you afraid of nothing in the world but mamnla?" SHOULD DO MORE) TELAJC rRIGHTES Marriage Law Cannot Accomplish Mich If Confined to That. PORTLAND. Aug. 10. ITo the Ed-ltor.)-MDr. W. T. Foster's letter to The Oregonian leaves one rather disap pointed. He admits the shortcomings of the present marriage law calling for medical examination for venereal dis ease, but evinces no willingness to work for any specific Improvements in Its provisions. Surely the president of the Oregon Social Hygiene Society may fairly be expected to Interest him self in trying to have proper amend ments enacted after his own admission of the failure of the law, and his CO-1 workers in the society may be presumed to be consistent enough to second his efforts. Merely to frighten people with the terrors of venereal disease hardly seems a programme that can be relied upon to accomplish much good. Tet that Is virtually the only work the Oregon Social Hygiene Society has done since its organization. Its method of prophylaxis through fear may have reduced the incidence of venereal dis ease In Oregon, but there la no out standing evidence to show that there has beers a material reduction. Our venereal specialists still seem To be kept quite busy. Just how far the eugenic law has discouraged people from getting mar ried it ts difficult to say. But there Is some ground for thinking that relying upon fear as a prophylactic of venereal infection Is not only Inadequate but pernicious. It Is significant that there were more divorces than marriages In Multnomah County last year. May it not be that distrust between the sexes. often quite unfounded. Is growing on account of exaggerated suspicions en tertained by young women of the sexu al health of young men? This attitude of mind Is emphasised by the Oregon Social Hygiene Society. In fact, it Is practically the only means relied upon to combat disease. This method does not work out fa vorably, as the following quotation from the Medical Critic and Guide, of New York (June, 1916), page 200, shows: Miriam C. Gould, assistant In psychology and philosophy In the University of Pitts burg, has an excellent article In "Social Hygiene" for April. Bhe has had confi dential chats with 60 young girls with whom she had some acquaintance; of these to, 25 were college students and 23 were not. She asked them a number of question, the purpose of which was to find out what psychoioglo effect. If any, their knowledge of prostitution and of venereal disease has nad on them, tons states In her conclusions that the "histories reveal a large percent age of harmful results, such as conditions bordering on neurasthenia, melancholia, pessimism -and sex antagonism, directly traceable to this knowledge." Eleven of the girls interviewed developed a pronounced repulsion for men, although prior to their knowledge" they had enjoyed men's com pany. They now avoid association with them, and six have declared that they have totally lost faith in the moral cleanness of men. "Bight have already refused to marry or Intend to do so because of their belief that the risk of Infection la too treat. If fa were not for the existence of these dis eases they say they would be glad to marry. All of these say their decision has rendered them more or less unhappy." A nice state of affairs! In our desire to protect our young women from Infection, In our endeavor to make them demand one moral standard for both sexes, we condemn them to. lifelong celibacy and lifelong neurasthenia and sex. .1 hypochondriasis. The Oregon Sorial Hysrlene Society could do a great dal more by eliminat ing some of Its hysterical appeals to the feafs of badly Informed men and women as to the danger of venereal disease by admitting (which it now de nies) that there are efficient and relia ble venereal prophylactics, and by working for a fair, adequate and en- forcible pre-marital examination law. P. J. M CAUB. MARX' 1TXDERSTAXDI0 OF TALUK He Defined Two Elements, "ays Writer In Controversy With Socialist. PORTLAND. Aug. 20. (To the Ed itor.) It is a thankless task I know, but none the less necessary, to Instruct Mr. Barltz in some of the basic tisrts of Marxian Socialistic theory. Other wise no headway can be made in dis cussing the labor theory of value. I proceed, therefore, to Impart ,h first needed lesson to a Marxian about Marx" economics. " Thv first grotesque error Mr. Barltz makes In his letter In The Oregonian. August 13. is his denial that Marx meant exchange-value when be spoke of value at alL Marx' Idea of value Is so well-known that It Is almost unbelievable to find amonn paid So cialist agitators (who practically are the only Socialists having even a superficial knowledge of Marx writ ings) one who needs to be set right as to what Marx meant by economic value. He lays down that value has two elements in It: Use value (Capi tal," p. 6) and exchange-value ("Cap ital," pp. 2-7.) He makes this plain likewise In other words than "Capi tal," as In "A Contribution to the Cri tique of Political Economy," English translation by N. I. Stone, 1904, p. 62, in speaking of the writings of Ben jamin Franklin. Marx understood value to be a relation between things. His labor theory of value seeks to ex plain the economic phenomenon where we see various commodities exchang ing In the open market, as five bushels or wheat Delng worth as much as a hat, or a pound of butter being equiv alent to a dozen eggs or a dress suit equalling a kitchen range In value. What 18 the thing common to these commodities that- permits their ex change at a parity? That was the prob lem to be solved. Marx said It was the amount of average socially neces sary labor required for production that caused goods to exchange at a certain rate. Now Mr. Barltz appears and says of value that "the rate of exchange has nothing to do with It at all." That statement clearly convicts him of not having even an Inkling of Marxian economics, despite his pretentious ci tation of "authorities." What in ths world would Marx have put into his concept of value If he had not in clude'! exchange-value? Marx at least understood the problem facing him. That is more than can be said of some of his followers. I trust that having had this pri mary lesson showing that Marx divlxted value into use-value and exchange value, and that the'term labor theory of value refers to nothing but the phehomenbn of Interchange of commod ities under Jhe present-day produc tive methods. Mr. Barltz may write more Intelligently In future on the question of economic value. Meanwhile my original .questions still remains unanswered. In which I cited the fact that fruit from the same trees requiring the same amount of handling have a different exchange value and that a bonnet out of style has practically no value, despite the amount of labor in it. t: W. FRASER. It Was the Captain. Washington (D. C.) Star. "Discipline," said a Government of ficial at a dinner In Washington, "naval discipline must be maintained at all costs." They tell a story to illustrate this. "A naval officer said to a seaman: " "What Idiot told you to dump that pile of dunnage there?' . "'It was the Captain, sir,' the sailor answered. " 'Humph, said the officer, 'let it re main there, then, and take 12 hours in Irons, my man, for calling the Captain an Idiot'. Tact of a Female Barber. Christian Register. I'm not going to that female barber shop again; there's a rude girl there, don't you know." "What did she sat?" "Why, she lcoked at my mustawsh and awsked rr.e If I would have t sponged oft or rubbed in." Inptrier Days. Half a Century A sro From The Oregonian, Augu-t 21. lS"3a.j, A company of 40 or 40, men, well mounted and armed, propose.-to- leave Idaho City next week on--a prospect ing tour through the Windy River Mountains at the head of the, Snake and Green Rivers. . v." - " As the time for the assembling of the Legislature draws near. It ts be coming apparent that a "dead-set" Is being made by the few friends of J. W. Nesmlth to obtain the re-election of their favorite to the United States Senate. It is very cloer the Demo cratic portion of tho Legislature is going to support him. The City Council's new liquor or dinance prohibits the issuance of a ltquor-selllng license to women. Rev. William A Flnley. president of the Corvallls College, was married on August 8 at Vacavllle. Cal. Miss Sallle E. Latimer was the bride. Miss S. O. Carmlchael, the Salt Lake poetess, has realized J5S1 from her volume of poems lately published. Oro Flno Hall contained a fashion able end highly appreciative audience last night to hear the celebrated con tralto. Madams Josephine D'Ormy. Twenty-five Yeo.ro Abo. From Ths Oregonian. August rl, ISM. Washington. The most prom inent issue before the coming Congress probably win be a free-silver bill. Many expect It to pass. Astoria, An Fastern syndicate said to be worth 825,000.000 has made a proposition to the citizens' commit tee to build a railroad from Astoria to transcontinental connection in the Willamette Valley. Hugh M. McKary, one of Oregon's notable pioneers, who came in 1S4S, died recently at his home near Salem. ' Dr. E. A. Bommer. of this slty. has been appointed house surgeon at St. Catherine Hospital In Brooklyn, N. T. Dr. Sommer graduated from Willam ette University In 1890. The handsome cottage being erected In Piedmont by Mr. Robinson Is Bear ing completion. Thomas A. Sutherland, editor and proprietor of the Sunday Welcome. drowned at the foot of Stark street last night at 5:60 o'clock. He was on hie way to the ferry. He had been running to catch It. and was going too fast to check himself as the ferry moved away. The ferryboat wheel was forcing the water under the pontoon and as a result Mr. Suther land didn't have a chance for his life. Edison is of the opinion that ulti mately the house will be lighted and heated for 60 cents a year. The home of Sidney Horn at Eugene was destroyed by fire bunJay. DEMOCRATS WEARING THIN SKIS" Why Was II nifties Nominated If Not In Criticism of President's rol!-lrt PORTLAND, Aug. 20. (To th Editor.) In the course of sev eral yee.rs of observation of and par ticipation in political campaigns, . 1 have nevef seen a political meeting. large or small, in which there was such an unmistakable harmony between the audience and the speaker a was noisily noticeable at the Hushes meet ing on Wednesday niaht. from the mo ment the popular candidate entered th Duiiaing until ne naa sroKen tne last word. Uut a strange thing Is encountered as a result of Governor Hughes' speech the Democratic contingent that heard It was not at all pleased. "He critl- cleed Wilson all through It." we are told by the supporters of the Presi dent, "and Wilson Is one of the great est Presidents we ever bad." Passing over for the time the fact that but for Mr. Wllsqn's meddling in Mexican affairs we would have had no trouble with Mexico. would have avoided the first war with that coun try at Vera Cruz, and the present one that is employing the entire military force of the United States. It is welt to remember that Mr. Hughes is in this campalgm to defent Mr. Wilson, if possible, that it was for that purpos the Republican party nominated him. that it Is an abundantly sulilclent rea son for the defeat of Wilson, from a Republican standpoint, that he is a Democrat and that he Is "crltlcizable" from every angle chosen as a view point. ' Also It Is worthy of notjee that the Democrats freely indulpe the right to criticise Mr. Hughes because he crit icises Mr. Wilson, evidently forpettins that the rleht to criticise candidates Is not one specially reserved to the Dem ocrats. In a speech delivered a month e oro in an eastern Oregon town by a prom inent Portland Democrat, It was an nounced the next day, he gave 37 rea sons why Mr. Wilson should he re elected, but so far as Is known he did not a-lve one showing tltat the next President should be a Republican not. one. Likewise Republicans are not especially busy Just now In boosting the Democratic candidate for a second term as President who was elected on a platform "not made to catch flies with" which declared for a Single term. Mr. Wilson has not kept us out of war with Mexico. The entire trouble there resulted from his Intermeddllnc where he said we had no business to meddle at all. He couldn't have got us into war across the Atlantic if he had wanted to. He wants to put the American worklnirman In close compe tition with those of Europe with no protection save his "wits," and every man who reerlatered himself as a Re publican wants him defeated, of course in other words, wants a Republican President. Nothing particularly wrong about that. The brethren are unneces sarily thin skinned. T. T. GEER. STATTB DESERTED BY SIR. TEOS. Seattle Publication Pralaes Enterprise of Portland's Blghwsr Bnllder. (Seattle Argus.) Says the Portland Oregonian: "f.lft the hat to John B. Yton. The Co lumbia Highway opens tomorrow clear through." John B. Teon Is one of Portland's wealthiest citizens. His Interests are great. His has been the directing mind In many great enterprises. And yet Mr. Teon has given the major portion of his valuable time to directing the construction of what is one of Portland's greatest assets. Ho has been on the Job sometimes day night, without money and without price. He has saved Multnomah County thousands upon thousands of dollars in the cost of construction. He has completely used up one car, bought and paid for with his own money, while overseeing-the Job. There are few men like John B. Yeon In any community. And "one rea son for this Is that they rereiB scant honor for what they do. Half of the people never even know, of their ef forts In behalf of the rubllo. and nine tenths of the other-.ha4f spend their time trying to figure .where they made something out of It. The least that' Portland can do is to erect s? s'atue to Mr. Yeon at somo beautit'il and slprhtly spot along this great hlshwny. the , construction . of which, tmt fi his tf forts, would have j been delayed for yea