6
THE MOTtNIXG OKEGOXIATT, MONDAY, AUGUST 21, 1910.
PORTLASD, OREGON.
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PORTLAND, MOJTDAY. AUGUST tl, 1916.
ABOUT BATE DECISIONS.
The position of Portland in the con
troversy regarding railroad rates on
traffic which is competitive with
ocean routes Is not yet understood by
the Salem Capital-Journal. That paper
says that the jruling of the Interstate
Commerce Commission discontinuing
competitive rates is Inexcusable, bo
long as the system Is recognized as
Correct, but It continues:
The trouble with Portland la that she ta
between the devil of Spokane and the deep
blue sea of Astoria and the Sound. Her
contention Is that having a river level and
a shorter haul she should be entitled to
lower rates than Astoria or the Sound. Her
reasoning is sound and under all the laws
of fair and equal treatment she should have
preferential rates over -either of these places.
But suppose her contention is allowed!
Will not The Dalles, Baker City,' Sjokane
end every other city along the line from
Chicago to Portland be entitled to a lower
rate than Portland? If so,; these Interior
cities can get their freight from Chicago
cheaper than by purchasing in Portland,
which they could for the reason that they
would have a lower freight rate from Chi
cago than Portland would have, and be
sides would not have to pay the local
freight rate from Portland on top of It.
Hence, !f Portland wins her contention she
will lose unless the Intersta-te Commerce
Commission, with Its great power, simply
discriminates In favor of Portland. Under
the present arrangement, Astoria gets the
Fame rates as Portland and is, therefore,
in better position to control ocean shipping
than Portland, handicapped with towage
fnd other charges. Portland Is surely up
gainst a, hard proposition.
Portland's contention Is that as an
fjcean terminal, not merely as being
on a river level, it is entitled to as low
a rate by railroad as by sea; also that,"
being nearer to interior points on both
river and rail lines than Astoria or
Puget Sound, it is entitled to lower
rail rates to and from the Inland Em-
.plre. The water-competitive rate on
transcontinental freight is based on
eound principles. Ships can carry
freight at that rate and railroads
must meet It or not get the busi
ness. Addition of the back-haul rate
In making the rate to interior points
Fimply charges rail traffic the same
rate as ocean freight landed at Port
land and hauled eastward to the in
terior would have to pay.
In suspending the competitive rate
- the Interstate Commerce Commission
clearly violated the law which it pro
fessed to administer. The law pro
vides that, when once the Commission
lias permitted establishment of rates
based on water competition, it may
only change them again because of
changes in conditions other than elimi
nation of water competition. The
Commission based its decision on
elimination of water competition, and
one of the factors which it mentioned
the blockade of the Panama Canal
had disappeared before its decision
was rendered. This stretch of au
thority has been made ground of an
appeal to court. There ' was good
cause for the proviso which the Com
mission ignored. But for it, a rail
road might reduce rates to a point
where it destroyed water competition,
then might make that fact a ground
for increasing them again. Congress
Intended to . prevent railroads from
doing with ocean competition that
which they have successfully done
with river competition.
Portland's claim to lower rates from
lntermountain points than has Astoria
or the Sound is not connected with
ocean competition, but on the shorter
distance from those points to Port
land than to Astoria and on the posl
tion or Portland as the port of a
water grade as against a mountain
grade to the Sound. Those are natural
conditions which eannot be changed,
but which the Commission has
Ignored.
Astoria is not In a better position
than Portland to control ocean ship
ping, for ships are chartered to' and
from the Columbia River, which in
eludes Portland and any other ports
on the Columbia, at the same rate,
nnd the volume of traffic will bring
them to Portland.
granting fortiand s claim to a
lower rate than Astoria on lntermoun
tain traffic would not affect transcon
tinental rates to The Dalles, Baker,
Ppokane and other interior cities.
They would be, as they now are, en
titled to lower rates than Portland
from nearer points in the Inland Em-
jpire. The rule governing water-competitive
rates would not apply In those
cities unless ocean-going ships could
go to The Dalles, for example.
Portland Is not "up against a hard
proposition." It has at its disposal
means of overcoming obstacles set up
by the Commission means provided
by nature, of which no court or com
mission can deprive it. Those means
ere the full utilization of its position
at the head of sea navigation and on
a navigable inland waterway. Its po
sition as a rail and water terminus
offering a great volume of traffic to
, railroads and ships is impregnable.
When temporary, artificial obstacles
- to the working of natural law, inter-
- posed by the war, have been removed
and when natural forces are set at
work by the city itself, Portland will
Btill be the chief port of the Colum
bia River, doing the- full volume of
' business which its position warrants.
The city will be able to laugh at com
missions and their puny dikes against
' operation of those laws which give it
this position.
BONDS THE RESULT OF WASTE.
The Democratic members of the
Penate finance committee ascribe the
necessity of issuing bonds to the cost
. of preparedness, but the ' figures pre
sented to Congress by the committee
and by Representative Fitzgerald show
that, had Congress avoided unneces
sary and wasteful appropriations, no
bond issue would have been needed.
Of the river and harbor appropria
tions, at least $20,000,000 has been
condemned repeatedly as pork. The
$11,000,000 appropriated for an armor
plant and the $20,000,000 for a nitrate
plant are unnecessary, for private In-
vestors are prepared to supply the
Government with armor and nitrates
at prices to be fixed by the Federal
Trade Commission. The $60,100,000
appropriated by the shipping bill Is
sheer waste. Desirable as is Federal
aid to road-building, it could well have
been postponed when the Nation is
spending hundreds of millions on so
vital a necessity as National defense.
The committee cites $21,000,000 for
rural credits and good roads as an ab
normal expenditure. This sum includes
$5,900,000 for roads and $15,100,000
for rural credits. As the bill contem
plates a Government Investment of
$650t00 in each of the twelve land
banks and appropriates $100,000 for
administrative expenses, $7,900,000
should suffice.
As the $50,000,000 to be expended
under the shipping bill is to be pro
cured by sale of Panama Canal bonds,
$64,200,000 of the $130,000,000 for
which a bond issue Is proposed could
have been1 saved by reasonable econ
omy and by avoidance of socialist
schemes. Further economy in the ad
ministration of the departments might
have saved the rest of the $130,000,
000. That this Is possible may be in
ferred from the fact that proposed ex
penditures, exclusive of preparedness,
for 1917 exceed those for 1916 by
$164,000,000.
The bond issue is made necessary,
not by the Mexican emergency, but by
Democratic extravagance, with which
the present and proposed additional
taxes cannot keep pace. It is high
time that a man with Mr. Hughes'
ideas on the handling of finance
should be placed at the head of the
Government. The Democrats are In
capable of limiting expenditure to rev
enue, even when the latter Is annually
Increased by new taxes.
Four years ago a Democratic con
temporary, the Portland Journal, had
much to say about the sterling quali
ties of Woodrow Wilson, then a can
didate for President.
On one occasion Mr. Wilson was
said by this sometimes veracious
chronicler, to be a progressive of the
type of William Jennings Bryan.
It also remarked that Mr. Wilson
was a progressive of the type of Rob
ert M. LaFollette.
Again it announced that Mr. Wilson
was a statesman of the type of Abra
ham Lincoln. "
On another day It anneared to the
aforesaid contemporary that Thomas
Jefferson had reappeared In the flesh
of Woodrow Wilson.
There was also the day when Mr.
Wilson seemed to it to be the rein
carnation of Andrew Jackson.
This is not a Joke. Th-S virtues of
the living and the mantles of the dead
were all pinned on Woodrow Wilson
by his Portland admirer.
It must be because of these reborn
traits that the President, in the eyes
of Democrats, should enjoy special
immunity from Criticism of his acts,
deeds or policies. We are convinced
that this is true because four years
ago it was considered in Democratic
circles neither malfeasance, misfea
sance, lese ma J est e or high crime and
misdemeanor to abuse, let alone criti
else, the President of the United
States.
The same newspaper which would
now put the Administration in a
fragile showcase gave publicity to an
incendiary remark by Governor John
son, of California, and added this sneer
on its own account:
Regardless of .party, millions of his-coun
trymen will resent the assertion that Mr.
Taft is the most humiliating character in
American nistory. w nat about .tseneoict
Arnold ? What about Aaron Burr?
DEAB WHEAT DEAR BREAD.
There seems to be sound reason for
the bakers' plan to save their custom
ers part of the Increased cost of bread
which results from the rise in the
price of wheat. The cost of baking
1000 6 -cent loaves being estimated at
$3.55 more than that of baking 50Q
10-cent loaves of the same flour, a
saving of seven-tenths of a cent is
effected on each '10-cent loaf. Even
at that, the bakers propose to give
only '20 ounces of bread for 10 cents
m.s compared with the former 13
ounces for 5 cents, or six ounces less
for 10 cents than hitherto.
While the short crop justifies a con
siderable advance in the price of
wheat and consequently of bread, it
does not Justify talk about famine
prices. Unless further damage should
occur during harvest, the carry-over
from last year's crop, added to the
new crop, will leave a margin of 34
000,000 bushels over the estimated
needs of this country and Europe.
This is a decidedly narrow margin.
but it does not indicate famine. That
condition might follow a second short
crop on reduced acreage next year,
for there would be practically no
carry-over to make up for deficiencies
as there has" been this year.
But the high price may well cause
sowing of increased acreage, and two
extremely bad seasons rarely succeed
each other. There is stronger ground
to expect the wheat market to recover
its balance next year than to expect a
continuance of present abnormal
prices.
CONSERVE lira AND HEALTH.
The greatest of all wastes Is loss of
human life and health, and their pres
ervation should be the first work in
conservation. What can be done in
this direction at relatively slight ex
pense is described by Herbert Quick
in the Saturday Evening Post. A town
which had suffered from a serious
epidemic of typhoid fever had the in
take of its waterworks on a stream
below the outlet of a sewer from a
public institution; It caused the sewer
to be extended below the Intake. Many
houses were not connected with the
sewers; it enforced connection.
Promptly the number of typhoid cases'
decreased materially. Similar im
provements are said to have practi
cally extinguished typhoid fever in
the Takima Valley.
This is the highest form of con
servation, without which all other
forms are useless. The purpose of
conserving forests, coal, oil, water-
power, is that they may betterv serve
man, but or what use is it if we per
mit disease to destroy man? These
resources may improve health and
prolong life, but our energy in pre
serving them is wasted if we permit
preventable disease to destroy both
health and life. While the chief aim
of sanitation is to promote human
happiness, it pays as a mere business
matter. Money expended in bringing
the sick back to health, the earnings
lost during periods of sickness and the
earning power lost through premature
death are all losses to the community
the aggregate of which in any one
year would far exceed the interest
on cost of improved sanitation.
That which is true of typhoid and
similar diseases is true also of every
thing which prevents development of
children to full mental and physical
vigor. The bringing up of children
in unhealthy slums, .without proper
food, fresh air arid exercise, without
education adapting them for some pQ
cupation; the employment of them In
factories while they are still growing
and when they should be at school
all are waste. Employment of women
at exhaustive work which breaks
down their physique is In the same
category. So is the incurring of avoid
able risk to life and limb of men in
mines and other dangerous places.
The man who stunts the growth of
children, unfits women for- maternity
or makes corpses or cripples of men
Is a worse foe of conservation than
he who fires a forest or wrecks a
coal mine.
AIMTN'Q AT THE IMPOSSIBLE.
It Is likely that the proposed traffic
ordinance is attempting the impos
sible. It is apparently designed to
appease the demands of many mer
chants on the one hand that there be
freedom of access from the curb to
their places of business and on the
other hand to recognize the right of
sight seeing and pleasure vehicles to
make an open garage or place of busi
ness of some streets In the business
district. If these conflicting interests
can be satisfied and other phases of
the "traffic problem in narrow streets
be solved, wonders will have been per
formed. The ordinance as drafted pefmlts
vehicles to stop in certain streets only
long enough to take on or discharge
passengers. The streets designated In
clude several now used as stations for
livery cars which will consequently
move Into streets also In the congested
district, where vehicles may stand for
not to exceed thirty minutes If unat
tended and for an indefinite period If
attended by a driver.
t The streets where vehicles may not
stand will be known as the prohibited
district. There the merchants will be
properly relieved of the annoyance
and Inconvenience of standing cars,
but may they not be deprived also of
the trade of persons who step from
automobiles to make quick purchases?
What will the single occupant of an
automobile do who wants a cigar, a
book, a cake of toilet soap, a box of
candy, a carton of Ice cream, or any
one of a thousand other small articles
quickly obtained? He may not legally
leave the car long enough to buy. If
he goes to a street In the district
where unattended cars may stand for
thirty minutes he is likely to find It
congested with attended cars. He may
not stop in the middle of the street;
he may not leave the car before the
entrance of a building.
Will he drive out of the restricted
and prohibited districts, park his car,
walk back into town, purchase the
cigar or soap or candy, then walk
back several blocks to his automobile?
We think not. The ordinance will
improve ttre business of the suburban
merchant.
This is all apart from the hopeless
prospect that the average automobile
owner will ever get fixed In his mind
the boundaries of the prohibited dis
trict as distinguished from the bound
aries of the restricted district. Arrests
of car owners, inconveniences caused
them and whatever loss of business is
suffered by downtown merchants may
be laid to the policy of permitting a
livery business to be conducted In the
streets of a congested business area.
With the latter out of the way, traffic
regulations could be extremely simpli
fied.
WASTE IX GOVERNMENT.
Mr. Hughes need go no further than
the 6peech of Senator Taggart, a.
Democrat, delivered In the Senate on
August 12. for evidence and denuncia
tion of Democratic extravagance. Mr.
Taggart approves of the purposes of
much recent and pending legislation.
Involving expenditure by the Govern
ment. He approves of a Tariff Com
mission, of the appropriations for
good roads. Government Bhlps, river
and harbor improvement, flood con
trol, military and industrial prepared
ness, rural credit and other purposes.
He agrees that wealth should bear its
Just proportion of these expenses,, but
he contends that the extraordinary
expense for preparedness should be
met by bond issues, not out of current
revenue by new taxes. He showed
that after tssulrfg $50,000,000 of Pana
ma Canal bonds to provide funds for
the -shipping scheme, $191,000,000 of
these bonds would remain, an he
urged that they be issued to pay the
cost of Army and Navy increase, in
stead of imposing additional taxes:
He remarked: v.
You cannot constantly keep raising taxes
without eventually affecting the farmer,
mechanic, laborer and business man. I
wonder what would happen to each Senator
and to each member of the House lf: he
spent or appropriated money In his private
affairs as he spends it in public affairat, 1
wonder how long it would he until 'we
would all find ourselves In a court of bank
ruptcy? On the other hand, I wonder what
would happen to the country If every mem
ber of the Senate and House would make
up his mind In the direction of rigid
economy and fearlesrly cut off every useless
dollar of appropriations? I wonder If the
taxpayers of the Nation would rise up and
revolt against Congress If such a thing
should happen? I favor a liberal but busi
nesslike economy.
to commend it to legislative favor,"
... . . . . . . ..
he said "Consrress is commencing a
t1
the wrong end" by determining f irtl e
" Vi n w miirh mnnAV It wanta tn anL 1
propriate. then making the appropria-V
tioris regardless of whether the I
revenues are sufficient to meet them."
Instead of cutting the appropriations
down to meet the revenue. Congress
proceeds to increase taxation."
The Senator said that Congress
should have saved $20,000,000 on the
river and sharbor bill a,nd' several mil
lions on the agricultural bill, and had
no doubt that other millions could
have been saved outside of v the Army
and Navy, and he placed the responsi
bility on Congress. As an example of
extravagance he cited public building
bills Introduced at this session aggre
gating $100,664,000. and said that an
omnibus bill carrying $35,000,000 had
been reported to the House and that
an attempt would be matle to pass it
next December.
The apology for this waste is that
the people demand it and that Con
gressmen obtain appropriations in
order to "make themselves solid" with
the people.. But surely men of suffi
cient eminence to make laws for the
Nation should have the courage to
give the people clearly to understand
that the Government cannot spend
more money without collecting more
taxes and that, whatever pains are
taken to exact taxes from the wealthy,
they will ultimately be borne by the
masses. Our lawmakers should be
molders of public opinion, not mere
agents for the gratification of their
constituents' desires.
The Indianapolis News tells us that
such speeches as Mr. Taggart's "can
not all at once' make economy
popular. True, but many such
speeches can, if the people are con
stantly reminded that they must pay
the bills. The American people have
been sensible enough to recognize the
merit of many progressive laws which
have been the result of appeals to
their sound judgment; they will surely
. r
see the wisdom of governmental
economy.
In calling attention to this subject
Mr. Hughes is working in the same
cause as Mr. Taggart, but there Is
small prospect that the latter will
have much success In convincing his
own party. Genuine and continued
economy is only possible through an
executive budget system, against
which the Democrats have set their
faces but which Is advocated In the
Republican platform.
GOOD TOSTS OF IT.
It seems now more than probable
that the wheat growers of the North
west will not only have a record
breaking crop, but will receive for it
almost a record-breaking price. There
will come Intc the hands of the wheat
farmers several millions " of "easy
money," If that term may be applied
to excess receipts over normal years.
What usually happens when a large
sum of "easy money" comes into the
possession of the average man, be he
farmer, merchant, banker, capitalist
or wage earner?
We all know that there is more
truth than poetry in the adage "easy
come, easy go." We have seen it ex
emplified in all walks of life and in
all sections of the country. The aver
age man who receives a lot of money
not expected, is too apt to think it
but the beginning of good fortune and
bound to continue. So he spends right
and left and left and right until the
bottom of the purse is reached. If
that were all It would not be so bad,
but that Is the least of his difficul
ties. He and his family have had a
taste of high living which cannot be
changed In a day . or a year; beyond
that he has likely gone In debt.
Chauncey Depew tells ef a success
ful and wealthy farmer of his section
who fell unexpectedly heir to $100,000.
Two years later this man came to
Depew to make an assignment for
the benefit of his creditors. He was
hopelessly Insolvent. Chancey said,
"Why Bill, you were a short time ago
our richest farmer and Just then you
received a legacy of $100,000." "Yes,"
said the farmer, "it was that damned
legacy that broke me."
We do not say this disease Is con
flated to farmers. Not at all. But In
the present Instance it Is the wheat
growing farmers who are to come into
possession of these unexpected mil
lions. It would be wise if they would
remember that the crop may be Bhort
and the prices may be low next year.
So the part of wisdom would be t'
pay debts first. If any, and then bank
or Invest the remainder.
There are vast possibilities in the
way of reclamation that need not wait
on Government action. This has been
demonstrated over again by Randolph
Brown, a farmer near Franklin, who
began two years ago to lay drain tile
In a bit of wet land that previously
had been worthless to him. . He has
now completed the laying of 9000 feet
of tile, and visitors to his place have
been surprised by results. There is a
field of oats five feet high. In addition
to eight acres of potatoes that give in
dications of a record yield. The tiled
land is in some respects superior to
the rest of the farm, because It Is now
possible to cultivate it earlier in the
Spring. The aggregate acreage of
these waste places on the farms of
the United States is exceedingly large,
and the farmer who proceeds to re
claim them without waiting on events
Is not only adding to his own resources
but is performing a patriotic duty at
the same time.
An additional motive for Germany's
herculean efforts to capture Verdun
is suggested by atwrlter for the Iron
Age, who says:
The whole steel Industry of the (Euro
pean) continent now centers around the
iron ore In German and French Lorraine.
If Verdun falls, then Nancy may come
next, and if Germany gains that area and
holds what she now has, France will dis
appear from the list of Important pro
ducers of Iron and steel, while Germany
will control the whole steel Industry of
the continent.
The same motive explains Germany's
desire to control Belgium, for that
country has valuabli iron and coal de
posits. In possession of Belgium and
Eastern France, Germany would have
been safe from rivalry in Europe as a
steel producer, for 'Britain's home sup
ply of Iron ore Is running low and
it imports from Sweden and Spain.
The United States alone would have
excelled Germany in iron resources
and in steel production. ,
Miss Bornt should be able to collect
overtime pay for the hours she was
imprisoned in the bank where she Is
employed, especially as she spent the
hours at work. A mere man wTJuld
have wasted the time in cussing and
kicking.
Any old charge Is good enough now
to Justify lynching a negro. One was
strung in Texas for the usual crime
and five, which includes two women.
in Florida for aiding the escape of a
negro who stole hogs.
IN
I T t tat flpvpn wppki tn Altrrfrin hni
Secretary -Olcott's advice to register
early is good. By so doing, the voter
will receive "literature" of more o
less value-
The long-distance forecast for the
week is temperatures below normal,
which is good for man- and beast, but
hard on the corn.
Commissioner Blgelow must do.
some lively gyrating to make a twelve
foot financial carpet, cover a twenty-
four-foot space. '
A Chinaman driving a spirited team
on city streets is a fearsome spectacle.
but as an amateur chauffeur he la the
limit.
That offensive on the Balkan front
seems to have been started by the
Bulgarians instead of the allies.
The man who stole a hot stove has
his match in the one who Is accused
of stealing a church bell.
If Great Britain wants to keep down
American wheat all she need d6 is
open the Dardanelles.
Lots of fine aviation weather Is
being wasted. Where are the flying
machines?
The mountains will carry over an
unusual amount of - snow to
Winter.
naxt
over
Dragging out the war" to cover
the campaign Is stretching it thin In
spots.
Ballplayers this year look better in
pictures than they do in action.
The New Tork strike was settled
too easily to last.
Funston sees the folly of longer
stay in Mexico, '
How to Keep Well.
By Dr. W. A. Evans.
Questions r-ertlnent to hygiene, sanitation
and prevertlon of disease. If matters of gen
eral Interest, will be answered In this col
umn. Where space will not permit or the
subject Is not suitable, letter will be per
sonally answered, subject to proper limita
tions snd where stamped addressed envelope
Is Inclosed. Dr. EWars will not make diagnosis
or prescribe, for Individual diseases. Re
quests for such services cannot bs answered-
(Copyrlght, 1819. by Dr. W. A. Evans.
Published by arrangement with the Chicago
Tribune.)
Heat of Rnnss Body.
The human body Is making heat con
stantly. The more active the physical
and mental exertion is and the greater
the intake of food has been, the more
heat is generated. By eating very little
food, by avoiding meats and fats and
eating vegetables, fruits, breads, and
milk, and by remaining as Inactive as
possible, the amount of heat produced
can be reduced to the minimum, but the
production of some excess of heat can
not be entirely avoided.
The body gets rid of heat by conduc
tion, radiation, and evaporation of
moisture. The fewer clothes are worn
and the better access the air has to the
skin, the readier conduction, radiation
and evaporation take place.
At the time this is written the at
mospheric temperature of an Indoor
space is S6t as registered by an ordi
nary or dry bulb thermometer placed
near an inside wall. A wet bulb ther
mometer in the same case registers 80.
The difference, 6 degrees at these tem
peratures, indicates a relative humidity
of 78. It Is 10 o'clock in the morning,
and It Is a safe guess that by 8 o'clock
this afternoon the dry bulb ther
mometer will register 90. the wet bulb
84. and the relative humidity will be 80.
Of the two temperatures, that re
corded by the dry bulb and that by the
wet bulb, the latter Is the better Index
to the ability of the human body to get
.rid of heat, and therefore the better in
dex of comfort. The human skin is al
ways moist with perspiration. In very
hot weather wet better describes the
condition of the skin. Therefore we
are Interested in knowing what Is the
temperature of wet objects rather than
of dry ones.
When the wet bulb temperature
reaches 84 and the humidity Is 80 the
human body cannot get rid of much
heat to the air. The temperature of
the skin is not liable to be much over
96, and therefore it will hot yield heat
readily to the air at 90.
The more Important method of losing
heat In hot weather is by evaporation
of sweat, but when the wet bulb is 84
and the relative humidity is 80 the
perspiration cannot evaporate as rapid
ly as It exudes. The air cannot take up
moisture rapidly when the water appe
tite Is already four-fifths satisfied.
That air next the skin within a few
.seconds is raised to 96 temperature and
100 relative humidity. This suggests
that by the use of fans we can displace
this overwarm and overwet air and re
place It with air that is hungrier for
heat and thirstier for water. Light diet
and physical and mental inaction de
crease the amount of heat produced.
Light clothing and drafts of air in
crease the amount of heat dissipated.
Tine Oil for Files.
Constant Reader writes: "Can you
publish a method to get rid of flies that
have bred and multiplied in a base
ment? Is-there anything one can burn
to create a gas, or can you suggest a
spray?'
REPLY.
I nresume the fly complained of Is a small
black fly Which breeds around damp plumb
ing. You can drive these flies out by
spraying pine oil. To prevent them from
breeding the breeding places must be maaa
right. This usually calls for the services of
a plumber.
Nsurslnar Babies.
Mrs. Q. O. P. writes: "Have had three
babies, one' dying at the age of 6
months of bowel trouble. Have never
been able to nurse babies any later
than second month. Am expecting an
other baby. Can you suggest anything
that I could do to correct this trouble?
REPLY.
Probably the trouble Is with your habits.
When women with yonr trouble have gone
Into hospitals -where they could be closely
observed, It has been found possible to keep
their babies at the breast In practically
every case. In some cases the women were
nursing every hour or two. In some they
were waking up and nursing the baby every
few hours during the night. In some they
were worrying. In some they were eating
too little; in some, too muoh. Decide what
your bad habit has been and do differently
this time. Above all, get plenty of rest and
sleep. Nurse your ba.by every four hours
after the first few months. Nurse him at
10 and 2 at night when he Is young, and no
oftener. Eat plain, simple food, but do not
over eat.
' Biting Finger Nails.
O. K. writes: "Kindly publish In
your health column a cure for the habit
of finger nail biting. Also. Is it con
duclve to infantile paralysis, and In
what wayf"
RBPLT.
Yon must be the doctor. The control of
the nail-biting habit la s matter of training.
A 10-year-old boy should stop this hahlt by
force of will. His parents should help. Jn
some cases where parents fail the masters
of boarding schools succeed. The hahlt is
not especially conducive to Infantile paraly
sis. However, It Increases ths danger slight
ly, due to Infection carried to the mouth on
the hands.
Fattening Foods.
Mrs. A H. writes: "Tour article on
atypical gout interested me greatly
particularly the diet. I find, however
that almost all the articles of food
recommended are fat producing, so,
since I weigh 200 pounds, could you
suggest any modification?
REPLY.
Your criticism is well founded- Fpeaktng
generally, foods high In starch and sugar
are fattening. However, you can. regulate
your tendency to obesity by limiting the
quantity of food eaten. Quantity of food
eaten la the most Important factor In obesity,
lljor
Rlckerall or La Creole T
MIL W AU K I B, Or.. Aug. 20. (To the
Editor.) As a missionary among the
Indians for over 11 years, allow me
to state that neither "Rlckreall" nor
"La Creole" is of Indian origin, unless
the Word has been strangely perverted
In Its anglicized spelling. My observa
Ions tell me that the letter "r" was
not originally a part of the alphabet
In the many Indian languages and dia
lects on this coast. To give an Instance
the Chinook word for "priest." The
first missionaries to the Indians on
this Northwest Pacific Coast were
either Uelgtan (Father US FTTTeTJ or
french-Canadlan (Fathers Blanchet
and Demers) priests. For the word
"priest" they introduced into the Ch
nook Jargon the French noun "le
pretre." The Indians, even now. In
variably pronounce it "no penet,"
I was very much amused at the word
"ualtee. so frequently used In the pub
llo press during the late Rose Festival.
After long study, I found out that It
was meant for the Indian, or rather
Chinook word that conveys- the Idea
of a Joyful time or disposition. The
word, "youth-el," pronounced in one
syllable, would exactly give the sound
for the Chinook' word that expresses
J
fv.
iov and merriment.
(REV.) J. A. VAN NEVEU
Afraid 'f Mamntn.
Short Stories
Evelyn Is very cowardly and her
father decided to have a serious talk
with hia little daughter. "Father," she
said at the close e.f his lecture, "when
you see a cow, ain't you 'frald?" "No,
certainly not, Evelyn." "When you see
a bumblebee, ain't you 'frald?" "No!1
with scorn. "Ain't you afraid when It
thunders?" "Xo," with laughter; "oh.
you silly, silly child!" "Papa." said
Evelyn,' -solemnly, "ain't you afraid of
nothing in the world but mamnla?"
SHOULD DO MORE) TELAJC rRIGHTES
Marriage Law Cannot Accomplish Mich
If Confined to That.
PORTLAND. Aug. 10. ITo the Ed-ltor.)-MDr.
W. T. Foster's letter to The
Oregonian leaves one rather disap
pointed. He admits the shortcomings
of the present marriage law calling for
medical examination for venereal dis
ease, but evinces no willingness to
work for any specific Improvements in
Its provisions. Surely the president of
the Oregon Social Hygiene Society
may fairly be expected to Interest him
self in trying to have proper amend
ments enacted after his own admission
of the failure of the law, and his CO-1
workers in the society may be presumed
to be consistent enough to second his
efforts. Merely to frighten people with
the terrors of venereal disease hardly
seems a programme that can be relied
upon to accomplish much good. Tet
that Is virtually the only work the
Oregon Social Hygiene Society has
done since its organization. Its method
of prophylaxis through fear may have
reduced the incidence of venereal dis
ease In Oregon, but there la no out
standing evidence to show that there
has beers a material reduction. Our
venereal specialists still seem To be
kept quite busy.
Just how far the eugenic law has
discouraged people from getting mar
ried it ts difficult to say. But there Is
some ground for thinking that relying
upon fear as a prophylactic of venereal
infection Is not only Inadequate but
pernicious. It Is significant that there
were more divorces than marriages In
Multnomah County last year. May it
not be that distrust between the sexes.
often quite unfounded. Is growing on
account of exaggerated suspicions en
tertained by young women of the sexu
al health of young men? This attitude
of mind Is emphasised by the Oregon
Social Hygiene Society. In fact, it Is
practically the only means relied upon
to combat disease.
This method does not work out fa
vorably, as the following quotation
from the Medical Critic and Guide, of
New York (June, 1916), page 200,
shows:
Miriam C. Gould, assistant In psychology
and philosophy In the University of Pitts
burg, has an excellent article In "Social
Hygiene" for April. Bhe has had confi
dential chats with 60 young girls with whom
she had some acquaintance; of these to,
25 were college students and 23 were not.
She asked them a number of question, the
purpose of which was to find out what
psychoioglo effect. If any, their knowledge
of prostitution and of venereal disease has
nad on them, tons states In her conclusions
that the "histories reveal a large percent
age of harmful results, such as conditions
bordering on neurasthenia, melancholia,
pessimism -and sex antagonism, directly
traceable to this knowledge." Eleven of the
girls interviewed developed a pronounced
repulsion for men, although prior to their
knowledge" they had enjoyed men's com
pany. They now avoid association with
them, and six have declared that they have
totally lost faith in the moral cleanness of
men. "Bight have already refused to marry
or Intend to do so because of their belief
that the risk of Infection la too treat. If
fa were not for the existence of these dis
eases they say they would be glad to marry.
All of these say their decision has rendered
them more or less unhappy." A nice state of
affairs! In our desire to protect our young
women from Infection, In our endeavor to
make them demand one moral standard
for both sexes, we condemn them to. lifelong
celibacy and lifelong neurasthenia and sex.
.1 hypochondriasis.
The Oregon Sorial Hysrlene Society
could do a great dal more by eliminat
ing some of Its hysterical appeals to
the feafs of badly Informed men and
women as to the danger of venereal
disease by admitting (which it now de
nies) that there are efficient and relia
ble venereal prophylactics, and by
working for a fair, adequate and en-
forcible pre-marital examination law.
P. J. M CAUB.
MARX' 1TXDERSTAXDI0 OF TALUK
He Defined Two Elements, "ays Writer
In Controversy With Socialist.
PORTLAND. Aug. 20. (To the Ed
itor.) It is a thankless task I know,
but none the less necessary, to Instruct
Mr. Barltz in some of the basic tisrts
of Marxian Socialistic theory. Other
wise no headway can be made in dis
cussing the labor theory of value. I
proceed, therefore, to Impart ,h first
needed lesson to a Marxian about
Marx" economics. "
Thv first grotesque error Mr. Barltz
makes In his letter In The Oregonian.
August 13. is his denial that Marx
meant exchange-value when be spoke
of value at alL Marx' Idea of value
Is so well-known that It Is almost
unbelievable to find amonn paid So
cialist agitators (who practically are
the only Socialists having even a
superficial knowledge of Marx writ
ings) one who needs to be set right
as to what Marx meant by economic
value. He lays down that value has
two elements in It: Use value (Capi
tal," p. 6) and exchange-value ("Cap
ital," pp. 2-7.) He makes this plain
likewise In other words than "Capi
tal," as In "A Contribution to the Cri
tique of Political Economy," English
translation by N. I. Stone, 1904, p. 62,
in speaking of the writings of Ben
jamin Franklin. Marx understood
value to be a relation between things.
His labor theory of value seeks to ex
plain the economic phenomenon where
we see various commodities exchang
ing In the open market, as five bushels
or wheat Delng worth as much as a
hat, or a pound of butter being equiv
alent to a dozen eggs or a dress suit
equalling a kitchen range In value.
What 18 the thing common to these
commodities that- permits their ex
change at a parity? That was the prob
lem to be solved. Marx said It was
the amount of average socially neces
sary labor required for production that
caused goods to exchange at a certain
rate. Now Mr. Barltz appears and says
of value that "the rate of exchange has
nothing to do with It at all." That
statement clearly convicts him of not
having even an Inkling of Marxian
economics, despite his pretentious ci
tation of "authorities." What in ths
world would Marx have put into his
concept of value If he had not in
clude'! exchange-value? Marx at least
understood the problem facing him.
That is more than can be said of some
of his followers.
I trust that having had this pri
mary lesson showing that Marx divlxted
value into use-value and exchange
value, and that the'term labor theory
of value refers to nothing but the
phehomenbn of Interchange of commod
ities under Jhe present-day produc
tive methods. Mr. Barltz may write
more Intelligently In future on the
question of economic value.
Meanwhile my original .questions
still remains unanswered. In which I
cited the fact that fruit from the same
trees requiring the same amount of
handling have a different exchange
value and that a bonnet out of style
has practically no value, despite the
amount of labor in it.
t: W. FRASER.
It Was the Captain.
Washington (D. C.) Star.
"Discipline," said a Government of
ficial at a dinner In Washington, "naval
discipline must be maintained at all
costs."
They tell a story to illustrate this.
"A naval officer said to a seaman:
" "What Idiot told you to dump that
pile of dunnage there?' .
"'It was the Captain, sir,' the sailor
answered.
" 'Humph, said the officer, 'let it re
main there, then, and take 12 hours in
Irons, my man, for calling the Captain
an Idiot'.
Tact of a Female Barber.
Christian Register.
I'm not going to that female barber
shop again; there's a rude girl there,
don't you know." "What did she sat?"
"Why, she lcoked at my mustawsh and
awsked rr.e If I would have t sponged
oft or rubbed in."
Inptrier Days.
Half a Century A sro
From The Oregonian, Augu-t 21. lS"3a.j,
A company of 40 or 40, men, well
mounted and armed, propose.-to- leave
Idaho City next week on--a prospect
ing tour through the Windy River
Mountains at the head of the, Snake
and Green Rivers. . v." - "
As the time for the assembling of
the Legislature draws near. It ts be
coming apparent that a "dead-set" Is
being made by the few friends of J.
W. Nesmlth to obtain the re-election
of their favorite to the United States
Senate. It is very cloer the Demo
cratic portion of tho Legislature is
going to support him.
The City Council's new liquor or
dinance prohibits the issuance of a
ltquor-selllng license to women.
Rev. William A Flnley. president
of the Corvallls College, was married
on August 8 at Vacavllle. Cal. Miss
Sallle E. Latimer was the bride.
Miss S. O. Carmlchael, the Salt Lake
poetess, has realized J5S1 from her
volume of poems lately published.
Oro Flno Hall contained a fashion
able end highly appreciative audience
last night to hear the celebrated con
tralto. Madams Josephine D'Ormy.
Twenty-five Yeo.ro Abo.
From Ths Oregonian. August rl, ISM.
Washington. The most prom
inent issue before the coming Congress
probably win be a free-silver bill.
Many expect It to pass.
Astoria, An Fastern syndicate
said to be worth 825,000.000 has made
a proposition to the citizens' commit
tee to build a railroad from Astoria
to transcontinental connection in the
Willamette Valley.
Hugh M. McKary, one of Oregon's
notable pioneers, who came in 1S4S,
died recently at his home near Salem.
' Dr. E. A. Bommer. of this slty. has
been appointed house surgeon at St.
Catherine Hospital In Brooklyn, N. T.
Dr. Sommer graduated from Willam
ette University In 1890.
The handsome cottage being erected
In Piedmont by Mr. Robinson Is Bear
ing completion.
Thomas A. Sutherland, editor and
proprietor of the Sunday Welcome.
drowned at the foot of Stark
street last night at 5:60 o'clock. He
was on hie way to the ferry. He had
been running to catch It. and was
going too fast to check himself as the
ferry moved away. The ferryboat
wheel was forcing the water under
the pontoon and as a result Mr. Suther
land didn't have a chance for his life.
Edison is of the opinion that ulti
mately the house will be lighted and
heated for 60 cents a year.
The home of Sidney Horn at Eugene
was destroyed by fire bunJay.
DEMOCRATS WEARING THIN SKIS"
Why Was II nifties Nominated If Not In
Criticism of President's rol!-lrt
PORTLAND, Aug. 20. (To th
Editor.) In the course of sev
eral yee.rs of observation of and par
ticipation in political campaigns, . 1
have nevef seen a political meeting.
large or small, in which there was such
an unmistakable harmony between the
audience and the speaker a was
noisily noticeable at the Hushes meet
ing on Wednesday niaht. from the mo
ment the popular candidate entered th
Duiiaing until ne naa sroKen tne last
word.
Uut a strange thing Is encountered
as a result of Governor Hughes' speech
the Democratic contingent that heard
It was not at all pleased. "He critl-
cleed Wilson all through It." we are
told by the supporters of the Presi
dent, "and Wilson Is one of the great
est Presidents we ever bad."
Passing over for the time the fact
that but for Mr. Wllsqn's meddling in
Mexican affairs we would have had no
trouble with Mexico. would have
avoided the first war with that coun
try at Vera Cruz, and the present one
that is employing the entire military
force of the United States. It is welt
to remember that Mr. Hughes is in
this campalgm to defent Mr. Wilson, if
possible, that it was for that purpos
the Republican party nominated him.
that it Is an abundantly sulilclent rea
son for the defeat of Wilson, from a
Republican standpoint, that he is a
Democrat and that he Is "crltlcizable"
from every angle chosen as a view
point. '
Also It Is worthy of notjee that the
Democrats freely indulpe the right to
criticise Mr. Hughes because he crit
icises Mr. Wilson, evidently forpettins
that the rleht to criticise candidates Is
not one specially reserved to the Dem
ocrats. In a speech delivered a month e oro
in an eastern Oregon town by a prom
inent Portland Democrat, It was an
nounced the next day, he gave 37 rea
sons why Mr. Wilson should he re
elected, but so far as Is known he did
not a-lve one showing tltat the next
President should be a Republican not.
one. Likewise Republicans are not
especially busy Just now In boosting
the Democratic candidate for a second
term as President who was elected on
a platform "not made to catch flies
with" which declared for a Single
term.
Mr. Wilson has not kept us out of
war with Mexico. The entire trouble
there resulted from his Intermeddllnc
where he said we had no business to
meddle at all. He couldn't have got
us into war across the Atlantic if he
had wanted to. He wants to put the
American worklnirman In close compe
tition with those of Europe with no
protection save his "wits," and every
man who reerlatered himself as a Re
publican wants him defeated, of course
in other words, wants a Republican
President. Nothing particularly wrong
about that. The brethren are unneces
sarily thin skinned. T. T. GEER.
STATTB DESERTED BY SIR. TEOS.
Seattle Publication Pralaes Enterprise
of Portland's Blghwsr Bnllder.
(Seattle Argus.)
Says the Portland Oregonian: "f.lft
the hat to John B. Yton. The Co
lumbia Highway opens tomorrow clear
through."
John B. Teon Is one of Portland's
wealthiest citizens. His Interests are
great. His has been the directing mind
In many great enterprises.
And yet Mr. Teon has given the
major portion of his valuable time to
directing the construction of what is
one of Portland's greatest assets. Ho
has been on the Job sometimes day
night, without money and without
price. He has saved Multnomah County
thousands upon thousands of dollars
in the cost of construction. He has
completely used up one car, bought
and paid for with his own money,
while overseeing-the Job.
There are few men like John B.
Yeon In any community. And "one rea
son for this Is that they rereiB scant
honor for what they do. Half of the
people never even know, of their ef
forts In behalf of the rubllo. and nine
tenths of the other-.ha4f spend their
time trying to figure .where they made
something out of It.
The least that' Portland can do is to
erect s? s'atue to Mr. Yeon at somo
beautit'il and slprhtly spot along this
great hlshwny. the , construction . of
which, tmt fi his tf forts, would have
j been delayed for yea