Image provided by: University of Oregon Libraries; Eugene, OR
About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (July 3, 1916)
8 THE MORXIXG OREGONIAN, MONDAY. JULY 3, 191G. watt POBT1AM). OREGON. Entered at Portland (Oregon) Postofflce aB econd-clau mall matter. Subscription Rates Invariably In advance: (By Mall.) , Dally. Sunday Included, one year I8.0O laily. Sunday Included, six months..... 4.25 iJaily, Sunday Included, three months.. 2.25 taily, Sunday Included, one month 75 Ially, without Sunday, one year 6.00 Daily, -without Sunday, six months 3.2s Ijally, without Sunday, three months... 1.73 L'ally. without Sunday, one month..... .u Weekly, one year I SO Sunday, one year 2-gu aSunday and Weekly, one year .... 3.50 (By Carrier.) Dally, eunday Included, one year 9.00 Xal!y, Sunday included, one month..... .75 How to .Remit Send poBtofflce money order, express order or personal check on your local bank. Stamps, coin or currency are at sender's risk. Give postofflce address in full. Including county and state. Foatage Katea 12 to 18 pages, 1 cent; IS to 82 pases, 2 cents; 34 to 48 pages. 3 cents; 60 to 0 pages. 4 cents; 62 to 73 pages, 6 cents; 7tt to 62 paces, 8 cents. Foreign postage, double rates. Eastern Business Office Verree i Conk lln, Brunswick bnlldlns. New York; Verree sc Conklln, steger building, Chicago. Ban Francisco representative, K. J. Bldwell. 742 Market street. - PORTXAND. MONDAY, JCTLT 8. 1916. BLOCKED BT BOGUS CONSERVATIONISTS A letter from E. O. Hopson on the Lowr Snake River Irrigation project, wMch Is published in another column, presents an example of the kind of conservation which is obstructed by th-e pseudo-conservationists headed by Gifford Pinchot A gTeat irrigation project, 'Which has been pronounced Impracticable on account of excessive cost if undertaken alone, can be carried out at reasonable cost in con Junction with "improvement of naviga tion. By its execution a great area of land would be watered and the Snake River would be made navigable at all seasons to Lewiston. Passage of the Shields bill would open the way for this dual improvement, which would benefit the entire Columbia River basin, hut the Administration, at the instigation of Mr. Pinchot, holds it up. Without the Shields bill or simi lar legislation the improvement must stagnate. In no other way than by combining Irrigation with power development and with navigation improvement can the Palouse land be irrigated at feasible cost. The original project would have cost $100 an acre for 63,000 acres, or J102 an acre for 73,000 acres. Mr. Hopson's plan would cost, if the ir rigated land bore the entire burden, $60 an acre and not more than $2 an acre for maintenance, operation and interest. But equity would, require that the Government pay the share of the cost which attaches to improve ment of navigation. This he places at $500,000, half the cost of the dam, reducing the charge for irrigation to $52 an acre. A dam 40 feet high would develop sufficient power to pump water for irrigation by using only half the minimum flow, leaving about 20,000 horsepower to be used for other purposes, while an additional 80.000 horsepower could be developed during ten months of the year. Here we have an ideal combination where irrigation, power and navigation would all be served by one plant. IJ the plant were constructed by a lessee under the Shields bill, the irri gators and other consumers of power would bear the charges for navigation also, but they would still get water at a capital cpst of $60 an acre, and at an annual charge of $2 an acre, utll ity commissions would prevent exces Five charges and they would be a well protected in that respect "as the people of Portland now are. Yet the Administration blocks the way in as sumed fear of Impossible extortion by power comipanies. The entire canyon of the Columbia River from Priest Rapids to the "boundary could be mad navigable and the abutting land irri gated and supplied with power in the same manner, but it must wait until the "conservationists" get off the track. not that the precaution is to the ad vantage of the person submitting to it. If a question of identification is raised and he is innocent of the of fense charged against him, the finger print system will clear him, for it does not lie. Persons still In middle life can recall the introduction of the 'bell punch and the furor it caused. Street railway conductors at first re sented it as a reflection) on their hon esty; later they found that it was a protection for those not given to the practice of "knocking down." More recently the now almost universally used cash register underwent the same experience. It met strong op position. Now it is demanded by. men who handle the money of others, as well as by employers themselves. The present use of finger prints Is in a stage of preliminary growth. Not confined to the police, and yet not having divested Itself wholly of its sinister reputation, it is viewed, with more or less apprehension. This will pass away. .The day may come when man will sign a check by daubing his thumb In specially prepared Ink and pressing it on the face of the or der to pay. Then, it is declared, by those who make a business of study ing finger prints, the occupation of the forger will be gone. NO SHORTAGE OF HORSES. With the mobilization of the Na tional troops comes renewed demand ' for horses for the cavalry and mules for the supply department and the artillery. The Government is adver Using for 40,000 horses and half as many mules and for the time being shipments of those animals destined to Europe have been held up. In the nine months ended with last February exports to the belligerent nations had reached a total of more than 300,000 But, on the other hand, those foreign governments themselves have recently modified their demands for horses and mules in the United States and there would have been. It is believed, a sharp falling off in the business in any event. The figures given are large only when taken by themselves. It is true that a daily average shipment of more than 1000 would appear on the sur face to be a serious drain on the coun try's resources. . But the total num.- ber of horses in the United States in 1915, according to the estimate of the Department of Agriculture, was 21, ' 195,000 and of mules 4,479,000, a grand total of 25,674,000. We, had 13,537, 000 horses and 2,086,000 mules in 1900, or 15,623,000 in all. There is thus shown an Increase of 10,051,000 In fifteen years, or an average for the entire period of nearly 2000 day. The more recent ratio of in crease probably was greater than the average. Thus, even if the ratio of shipments abroad had continued, we would have left an Increase of more than 1000 a day on which to draw for our own use, without reducing our breeding stock or our original supply. It is true that war has called for a special class of animals and that these have been depleted to a greater proportionate extent, but this phase is to a great extent self-adjusting, through the use more and more for other kinds of work of the horses and mules not bred especially for tlje pur ,pose. The situation is by no means alarming. The United States Army will be supplied, even If exports are ' cut ' down for a time, but it is quite probable that there will be a supply equal to all demands. ALUES' CO-ORMSATED CAMPAIGN. Certain facts stand out in the lat est developments In the war. The co ordination of the allies' plan of cam paign Is working out a series of at tacks at different parts of the several lines, each one seemingly so timed that the Teuton reserves may be on the way to reinforce some other part of the Austro-German front and be of service at no point of the critical periods. Perhaps the first move was the Caucasian campaign, which has drawn the bulk of the Turkish army 1500 miles from Constantinople, and has caused some Germans and Austrians and much material to be sent to the Asiatic front- Then followed the Ger. man attack on Verdun with the ap parent purpose of deranging the allies' plans for an offensive, as well as for th-e immediate gain that might be made. Not yet being ready, the allies let the French maintain the defense of Verdun until the Germans got dan gerously near the city, apparently trusting this delay to reduce the Ger man reserves materially and to per mit completion of their own prepara tions. The Austrian advance in Tren tino menaced- the Lombard and Vene tian plains and may have caused Rus sia to begin the onslaught on Austria, or it may have come Just as the latter was ready. Russia seems to have been, chosen to make the second move the ad vance on the Volhynlan and Gallcian front. That caused Austria to trans fer troops from Trentino and Germany to send several divisions from the line opposing the British. Italy was thus enabled to resume the offensive with continued success, while the French ana British now advance against a weakened German line. Should their success continue, the Kaiser may be tempted to take troops from Von Hin denburg"s army between Riga and the Pripet marshes. That would be the signal for Russia to attack in that quarter. Germany and Austria might then be driven to withdraw forces from Macedonia, leaving Bulgaria and Turkey to their own resources. An advance north snd east from Salonikl would then be facilitated. The allies rely for success both on a. great accumulation of ammunition and on new guns which they have per. fected. Dispatches mention rapid trench mortars as firing thirty-five shells a minute from British lines, and a London paper speaks of new 370 and 400 millimetre guns able to hold their own with the German 42-centl-metre guns, as having taken their place in the French line. Th-e allies are turning to account the experience gained in the first year of the war, erty tax system is antiquated, and it Is true that that system has been abandoned by nearly every other state. It Is sadly true, on the other hand, that Oregon has had offered at the polls numerous light thinking and theoretical experiments, but they have been quite uniformly turned down. This year there is another light think ing experiment offered, the title of which the Oregon Voter aptly para phrases Into "People's Grab and Loot Measure.''- It is doubtful if heavy thinking will satisfy the voter as to the full meaning of this light think ing experiment. But Mr. Ball was discussing the tax limitation measure proposed by the State Taxpayers' League. As this amendment would restrict taxing boards to a levy not more than six per cent greater than the levy of the preceding year, Mr. Ball believes that the boards will levy as high as is legally possible each year rather than reduce, because they will fear that the base they establish for the next succeeding year will be too small to provide adequate revenues. This might be true if there was cus tomarily a wide fluctuation in tax levies from year to year. 'But Increase in taxes has been largely continuous, with an exception which we shall pres ently mention, and sometimes not slow. Extraordinary tax levies which might be needed for a new court house, new school buildings, good roads or other permanent improve ments would still be attainable through reference to the people. The one exception to uniform in crease in taxes Is this: Numerous tax ing authorities in election years make a show for political purposes of econ omy by reducing the levy. Tet the knowledge Is in the back of their heads that they will have to make up for it the year following when no one's po litical fortunes are at stake. It would be a good thing If political economizing- which is paid for later by the pub lic could be exchanged for careful, consistent levies each year. It is also likely the public does not feel it to be an impropriety to vote on extension of extraordinary taxes for permanent im provements. ITSE OF FINGER PRINTS. New York has been . aroused by the taking by the police of the finger prints of minor offenders. In a case in question, the Judge ordered a rec- ord of identification of three young sters who had 'been arrested for vlo- lating an ordinance against playing baseball) in a crowded street. The parents of the boys raised a hullaba loo, on the ground that the procedure was humiliating. Those who uphold the Judge contend that the taking of finger prints does not necessarily im ply criminality. It is not Confined to - the police. As a mere method of identification, it is resorted to by busi- ness men. Banks use it .where there - Is especial reason lor caution, as . where depositors of large sums are going away a great distance. It is - declared that the finerer print simply - is a signature than cannot be forged It is likely to happen as often as YOLCMK IK I-EGISLATION. As a Nation we are extremely fond of legislating. One reason is that we have so many legislators. . It is estl mated that our various law-making bodies, National and local, number some 7000 members. Naturally, there were few but hope to see some meas ure or measures enacted to add luster to their names. The grist of bills every year is immense, but hardly more surprising than the number that survive the ordeals of committees and become laws at last. For we have the law-making habit and it is 'hard to shake off. James A. Emery, general counsel of the National Council of Industrial Defense, points out that the 63d Con gress considered 30,053 bills and resolutions and enacted about 700. In the years between 1909 and 1916 the state and National law-making assem blies of the United States enacted 78, 748 new statutes. Forty-three State Legislatures in session In 1914-15 broke all previous records with the passage of 16,222 bills, of which only 1066 were vetoed. Those that' sur vived the scrutiny of Governors were printed on some 43,500 pages. The volume alone is astonishing. More than 100 books on scientific topics of real value could have been printed on the same amount of white paper. This is contrasted with the work of the British Parliament at the last ses sion but one preceding the outbreak of the war. At that session Parlia ment received only 547 legislative pro posals in all and enacted only 239. Many of the latter were bills of a pri vate nature. In the United States an nually there are enacted more new statutes than are proposed in the. same period in the combined Parliaments of Great Britain, Germany, Austria, Italy and France. These latter coun tries represent more than two and- a half times the population of the United States. One wonders, in the face of the figures, how our forefathers survived without the blessings of the new laws to cover every human emergency and every real and fancied social, indus trial and commercial ill that are given this generation to help it along its way. Is it possible that they waxed strong and sturdy because of, rather than in spite of, this lack? They were a self-reliant lot, those fore fathers of Ours, and it may not be unreasonable to suppose that In the absence of an excess of lawmakers to guide them they developed a talent for managing their own affairs. NOT EXPERIMENTERS. We are at somewhat of a loss to un derstand to what Assessor Ball, of Lin coln County, whose letter appeared in The Oregonian the other day, referred when he said that "light thinking and theoretical experiments with the cold-blooded and practicable ques tions of revenue have already cost us enough." Oregon, as far as our ob servation goes, has been quite reluc tant to experiment with tax methods. Our State Board of Tax Commission ers asserts that Oregon's general prop- CONTROL OF APPLE SCAB. Publication of the results of the work of the Oregon Agricultural Col lege Experiment Station last season takes unusual interest from the fact that more attention than ever was given to efforts to master or control apple scab. Scab has been one of the most serious drawbacks to the ap ple industry with which It has yet been threatened. Previous experi ments having proved that the- codlln moth could be kept in subjection if only-sufficient pains were taken, and1 the wormy-apple being thus deprived of power as a more serious source of worry, it seemed to be chiefly the problem to rid orchards of the fungus that caused a growing percentage of their fruit to fail to reach the "fancy" grade. This problem the Hood River branch attacked systematically, for it is of highest importance that a solu tion shall be found. An impression of the difficulties en countered and the errors to be guarded against with extreme care is given in the report of J. R. Winston and Leroy Cmlds, who conducted last year's ex periments under this head They found, in th-e first instance, that no fungicide has yet been prepared that will give uniform results under vary ing conditions. There are factors which tend to increase the value of one material, yet destroy the efficiency of others, and some materials produce results in one condlticm of weather that are not reproduced ' when the weather changes. Some of the factors, too, are unknown. So even the con clusions of a year or two years are not to be accepted as absolute. The experiments (have reached one important conclusion, from the view point of the orchardist, which is that Bordeaux mixture, practically the old. est, "stands today as practically the best all-around fungicide." But it has its drawbacks. Every silver lin ing has its cloud. Is the rule in orchard experimental work. Bordeaux, through the presence of it3 copper sulphate. frequently causes serious russeting of the fruit, and this, it has been con firmed, is especially true when the material is used on fruit in the earlier states, or if the weather is unsettled at I the time of spraying and showers fol low its application. Seeking a sub stitute, because, of this fact, the ex perimenters made free use of the staple fungicide, lime-sulphur, credit for the advancement of which is ac corded to Professor Cordley, director of the Agricultural Experiment Sta tion, in the report. But this, too, was found to have Its own peculiar draw backs, since under certain, conditions It "may cause as serious injury as Bordeaux mixture." This is especially true if the weather turns hot within fifteen days after spraying is made Thus the battle for better fruit took on a certain romantic aspect. It pre sented problems of strategy very real to the men engaged in it. How to vanquish one enemy without raising up another one more destructive was the issue clearly to be met. The general conclusion reached, which will prove of great importance to fruitgrowers. is that in the earlier applications known technically as the "delayed dormant" and the "pre-pink" bud. probably in the "calyx" applications the lime-sulphur can be used with safety. Later, it is concluded, the Bordeaux is safer and more effective. If later experiments fully confirm this view both materials will be used. The tendency of orchardists in the past has been to separate Into groups, one championing sulphur, the other Bor deaux mixture, as a fungicide, with sometimes a tendency on the part of each to reject wholly the claims of the other. The most encouraging conclusion drawn from the work of the past sea son is that apple scab can De con trolled, "even in seasons so favorable for a severe epidemic of the disease as 1914 and 1915." As is true of all results in orchard work, "the degree to which this may be accomplished by the orchardist is dependent in a large measure on 'the conscientious atten tion given the orchard during the crit ical period of scab development." This is followed by the direct instruction to growers: "The three most essential factors that must always be borne in mind during the spraying season are: the correct timing of applications, the careful consideration of the materials which will give the desired results un der the conditions that are present, and the application of the spray in such a manner as to do the work ex pected. Thoroughness (the coating of all parts of fruit and foliage) in spray Ing, is the keynote of success in con trolling apple scab and other troubles of similar nature. This essential must receive more consideration than it has in the past if the heavy losses that have been experienced in recent years are to be eliminated." The orchardist must be vigilant and persistent. There are few lines of Industry that so Insistently demand these qualities. This appears not only from the work required of him to keep under control the scab fungus, but in other respects. The same Ex periment Station report details other entomological investigations of the year. For example, the fruit tree leaf roller appeared on the scene. He was comparatively vnew to the Pacific Coast, but was identified as entitled to the full name Archyps Argyrospila Walker, and as pestiferous as his name could possibly indicate. Little or no experimental work had been done previously to determine how to be rid of him. It was desired to use an oil spray for freeing the orchard from the eggs, but the question arose whether the oil might not affect the adhesive qualities of other sprays. notably the Bordeaux mixture, and at the stage when the new but interest ing little moth seemed amenable to an arsenical poison, and the season favored the use for other purposes of a lime-sulphur spray, it was deslraJale to know whether other values were affected by the proposed chemical combination. These experiments are to be continued. Numerous experiments are being continued to obtain full control of the codlln moth situation on a basis of greater economy of material and labor. In another department efforts were made to determine precisely the value of fertilizers in orchard work. Experiments with nitrogen were those chiefly conducted, the European war having made prohibitive, because of its cost, the use of potash. An im portant result of the season's work was the direct and positive advice to growers not to rely on mixed fertiliz ers, since no response has been ob tained from ingredients other than nitrogen. Thus a substantial saving will be made by the grower who here tofore has been applying chemical fer tilizers by a hit-and-miss method. In cidentally, and illustrating the value of thoroughness In whatever he un dertakes, the grower is informed that a better "set" of fruit is obtained in orchards in which vigorous growth has been promoted. A striking effect of the use of nitrogen for the pur pose of increasing the vigor of the wood in a devitalized orchard was the largely increased yield of high quality of fruit- How to Keep Well. By Dr. W. A. Evans. LOCAL NEED FOR SHIELDS BILL A large county, with big towns scattered through it, is bound to be divided to suit the ambitions of would. be county seats.. That is what is the matter with Crook County. In terri torial days Alturas was the largest county of Idaho. Since then it has been carved off the map. Accession of Zapatistas and other bandit forces to Carranza will make war necessary to him in order that he may hold them. If he gives them no fighting to do and no prospects of loot, they are likely to resume bus! ness on their own account and at his expense. El Paso merchants have a clear sense of the fitness of things. What could have pleased those returning troopers of the Tenth Cavalry more than a gift of watermelons? More than a million shells a day are being fired by the allies on the western front. Think what a huge percentage of them must be missing the mark! Cutintii nrtitirt to hrrlene. sanitation and prevention of disease, If matters of sev eral Interest, will be answered in this col umn. Where space will not permit or the subject Is not suitable, letter will be per sonally answered, subject to proper limita tions and whera stampea iaarwu velope is Inclosed. lr. Evans will not make diagnosis or prescribe for Individual dis eases. Requests for such service cannot d answered. (Copyright. 11, by Dr. W. A. Evans. Published by arrangement vrlththe Chicago Tribune.) Getting- Goad Milk. The high oost of living is boosting the prices of all kinds of food every where almost- The exception Is tne price of milk in Riverside. Cal. We at Interested in learning how the excep tion came to be. In 1910 eight dairies were selling milk In Riverside. Eight wagons were used and double dally deliveries were made.. Practically every blocK was covered by each of the eight wagons. Milk sold at 8 1-3 cents a quart in July, tin November the price was boostexi to 10 cents. A. co-operative pasteurizing plant and delivery system was organized by the eight dairymen. They Invested 31,000 in real estate. buildinsrs. machinerv and other im provements. The capital stock pays 7 per cent interest. Milk is now eelllns at 6 3-3 cents a Quart. The -milk Is aerated and cooled on the farm. It is then carried lmme d lately to the pasteurizing plant. Here It is pasteurized at 147 to 160 degrees Fahrenheit for 10 minutes, bottled, re duced to a temperature of between 39 and 40 degrees Fahrenheit and held at that temperature until It Is delivered. It la a eater, better milk than that which It replaced Three wagons now do the business which in the natural course 15 wagons would have done since the community Is developing, the consumption of milk Is Increasing and 15 dairymen are now in the bUBlnees. Cream and milk are sold in the nearby towns. Ten men are employed three as dairymen, three as deliverymen and three as workmen In the plant and one as bookkeeper. Dr. Rucker. the health commissioner. says that the experiment has fostered the dairy business, increased the earn' ings of the producer, given the. con sumer a better product at less cost and safeguards the public health. The same number of the bulletin of the state board of health as that which contained the story of good milk at a low price In Riverside contained notice that the state of California would from now on require that milk shall be sold by grades. The grades are: Guaranteed milk, raw; guaranteed milk, pasteur ized. These grades correspond to cer tified milk: Grade A milk, raw; grade A milk, pasteurized; grade B milk pasteurized, and . a cooking milk sold as "not suitable for human consump tion." . These are the grades established by the milk commission and in rather general use in the East except that the last grade Is called grade C, or "cook ing milk."' Butter must be either from pasteur ized milk and sold as pasteurized or else from tuberculoeis-f ree milk and sold as from non-reacting tuberculin- tested cows. Several automobile tires were .found by the police under the bed in a home n an Oregon town. Explanation prob ably is that tho family were about to retire. Let the heavens weep on the Fourth if they will. We will act on Mark Tapley"s philosophy and be cheerful under adverse circumstanees. Core of Goiter. Mrs. M. M. S. writes: "(1) What should one do for a little girl of 7 years who seems to have a goiter but whose general health does not appear to be affected thereby? Is it better to lg nore it as long as It gives no trouble or should It be treated or operated u pon f (2) What Is the significance of small loose bumps In the neck about the shxe of a pea half way between the ear and the collar bone?" REPLY. , (1) Po nothing in the way of direct treatment of the goiter. Po everything neeaea in tne way or right living. Enlarge ment of the thyroid In girls Is of less con sequence than In older persons. (2) They are enlarged lymnh glands. They are the result of a mild Infection Poroetimes the seat of the Infection Is In the scalp. In most cases the condition is not of Importance. Sometimes It Is. President Wilson will receive a box of cherries from The Dalles, and if they don't make him forget his troubles nothing will. June, the month of brides, also Is the month of divorces, it seems. How statistics take the romance out of things! Bennett Thompson has been In dicted for- stealing a pair of scissors, and that is enough to hold him awhile. Eleanor Gates, the authoress, finds herself with two husbands. Material for a new heart interest story right at home. War scarcity of chemicals has some compensations. We do not see so much of the peroxide blonde. Vibratory Machine. Subscriber writes: "(1) Can you tell me whether a vibratory machine would help an elderly person who has paraly sis? "(2) Has the vibratory machine cur ative powers of any kind?" REPLY. (1) Tes, If you persist In Its use your muscles are not In advanced degen eratlon. (2) It exercises the muscles and thus has a certain amount of Indirect curatlv action. Paralytics should start the use massage, including vibratory massage, pas sive motion, wunin a lew days after tn stroke. If neglected for a long- time not much help can be expected. Tinas) for Rupture. F. W. writes: "Can rupture be cured by a truss? I have high hones in tha direction because my rupture Is email and no longer descends all the way. REPLT. In certain cues. The chance that truss will cure a rupture in an Infant good; in a grown person It is poor. Washington Guardsmen, too, will uphold the traditions of the North west, without a doubt- Once these - rains cease, you can count on a dry spell until the hops are ready for picking. Thanks to the "efforts" of Its Sena tors, Oregon is the Cinderella among Pacific Coast states. It will be lasting disgrace to Oregon if a guardsman's family suffers while he is at the border. The Federal oath reveals which of the guardsmen are real and which, are only "tin" soldiers. A' good first aid for a trifling Fourth of July injury Is to make the wound bleed freely. Great Britain must believe she is playing a winning game by lifting' the censor lid a little- No "Seeing America" tour is com plete that fails to include the Colum bia Highway. Fir rsyenologrr. W. B. writes: "I have devised a method for ridding a house of flies that beats swatting or any other method. It works in hot weather, but It will not work In the late fall when the air is getting cold. I screen my windows after the fol lowing plan: The screen fits tightly it the bottoms and sides. The screen ing extends about six inches higher than the top of the bottom sash. When the bottom sash is up there is a space of about half an inch between the win dow and the screening. The top of the screening Is not fastened to the sash, but a space of about half an Inch Is left between It and the window. Flies always go to the screens, es pecially if the room Is darkened for a lew minutes. When they light on the screens they always crawl up, then through the half-Inch fissure at the top of the sash, then through tha half Inch fissure at the top of the screen, whereupon they find that they have warned or cratwied out or the house. REPLY. Your plan Is excellent. Evidently vou know the mind of a fly. since your plan Is based upon the known principles of fly psychology. The Hodge trap Is based on tne same principle. The Hodge tran li fastened to the ton of the tirbarfl -n Professor Hodge, Is another fly psychologist. eeverai oi tne neipiui riy methods In use In Richmond, vs., are due to another fly psycnoiogisi, ur. Levy, health of fleer. Irrigation Project and Full Navigation of Snake River Awaits It Passage. PORTLAND. July 1. (To the Edi tor. 1 Enclosed la codt of report made by me on the proposed Irrigation project t Pasco, Wash. As you Know roject has been the subject of delibe ration Viv cre-at numbers of people. professional and otherwise . during the past IS years. The project Is most favorably situ ated for development, being at the Junc tion of the Columbia ana snaKe rivers, with excellent transportation, both rail and water. It is opposite to Kenne wlck. the noted fruit and alfalfa coun try and adjacent to the great Palouse wheat rearion. Pasco, a very Ilounsn- ing little city, lies l8 the heart of the project. Altogether thla project appears to possess exceptional features to Induce success. The need Is water to permit the land to be cultivated, as natural water supply Is too scanty, being leas than 13 inches. The United States made a very thor ough investigation of the lrigatlon fea tures of the project in li. unaer a scheme that proposed to build reser voirs at the Washtucna site and other points and to develop a gravity supply. Other plans to use electrical power for pumping water irom tne onam ana o- umbia rivers have been consiaereo. The most practical, and in fact, the only possible solution of the problem seems to be in the plan outlined in tne enclosed report, as the other schemes, though possible from the engineering standpoint, are too expensive. This plan Is to build a dam across tne fcnane River and develop sufficient power to operate large pumps placed in the powerhouse and connected Oy celling or gearing with the water turbines. Water would bo forced up to the neces sary elevations to cover about 60.000 acres, and apparently the cost per acre will be well within reason. A highly desirable feature of the plan and of great interest to Portland. is that it wilV canalize about 30 miles or the Snake River, flooding out two bad rapids that now impede navigation more seriously than most others. The Snake Is a navigable stream, al though not quite as navigable as de sired by Portland and Lewlston. That portion of the Snake between Klpana and the mouth of the river at Pasco, is full of rapids and can only be traversed by light draft cargo boats during time of high water. The portion between Lewlston and Rlpe-ria Is. however, deep snd fairly navigable. If, then, the lower part of the Snake can be Improved by some such means as building a dam like the Pasco peo ple purpose, locks can be placed in the dam and cargo boats will be able to pass at all seasons of the year. With boats of reasonable draft and heavy cargoes, this would mean open river navigation to Lewlston or something well toward that desired end. What It will mean to the Inland Em plre to have heavy cargo boats plying between Portland and Jjewlston. and what the benefits will be to Portland It is hard to fully realize. It should be remembered that 60,000,- 000 bushels of wheat, annually pass to seaboard from this region, and that Portland only receives a portion of this. Rail rates are such that the natural advantages of Portland by its water grades and water routes, are passed by, and It is frequently as advantageous or even more advantageous to ship to Se attle or Tacoma as to Portland. This is a rank Injustice to Portland. If the lower reaches of the Snake can be canalized for passage of cargo boats all the year, a big step toward Port land betterment will be taken, and one that will go far to offset the dlsad vantage caused by the recent decision of the Interstate Commerce Commission on terminal rates. Real open river navigation will double Portland's grain and flour business. This Is a worthy object lor all or us. it Is proposed by the Fasro com munity to organize an irrigation dis trict and to build an irrigation system to water their lands, using the dam across the Snake for the purpose. This means co-operation with the United States, as the latter Is in charge of navigable streams, and all dams likely to Interfere with or affect navigation must be In accordance with Its plans. It should also mean co-operation with Portland and Laewiston. There is. however, another difficulty to be met. It Is this: There Is no legal rigni ior anyone to develop power at a dam on a navigable stream without au thorlty of Congress. The Pasco people might conceivably build a dam and come to an understanding with the War De partment about the construction of navigation channel and locks, but It Is necessary for them to use the water power to pump the water to Irrigate their land or the project would be of no ubo to them. This, however, is legally Impossible. The Shields bill now In the hands of Congress, will give power to a com munity like the Pasco district to use this power, which otherwise is as use less as the power of the ocean tides and waves. It will permit the project to go ahead and be built to the immeas urable good of the local community and to the great benefit of the navi gation Interests that are so vital to roruana. This beneficial measure, the Shields Mil. is opposed by a small clique of laaoists and extremists, people of one idea ana colossal Ignorance and Drelu dice. The entire West Is groaning- for relief from the strangle hold of these wouid-be benefactors of the human rce. mat actually nave done more injury than almost any other class. The writer Is a conservationist and has been consistently and actively in mat ciass ior years, out he realizes that conservation must be coupled with common sense and knowledge of the racts, and the facts are that in these days of public utility commissions and rate-rixing. there Is little fear of im proper exploitation or our water now- ers by monopoly and much danger of stagnation and hard times. ino omeiaa dih win arm no mo- nopiy, it will permit an enterprise lik the above to go ahead. It will lncreas our good and can under no conceivable conditions affect our interests or our emmren s interests harmfully. The Portland commercial Interests siiouia oaca sucn Deneiictai measures as mis dui. and should demand It passage by Congress, thev should i give what moral support Is possible to such projects as the Pasco project that promises so much benefit to this com munity. E. o. HOPSON. In Other Days. Twentr-frre- Tears Asro. From The Oregonian July B. 1891. Amsterdam. July 1. A flotilla escort- ing the young Emperor of Germany and bis party arrived here today accom panied by the Dutch squadron. Tha Queen, who Is only 11 years old. re ceived the visiting royalty. England's society, especially the Prince of Wales, Is all astir over the proper mode of -re- celvlng the visitor. The lighthouse board contemplate building a lighthouse at Heeeta Head. Solomon Hlrsch, United States Minis ter to Turkey, has notified Mr. Mitchell, of the Portland Exhibition, that he. would bring several articles of Interest with him on his next visit, O. Rosenblatt is exhibiting a magnif icent white magnolia blossom picked in his yard at Eighth and Alder streets. The deputies in the office of W. 8. Chapman. Superintendent of Streets, esteraay presented him with a hand some gold locket set with diamonds as token of theler esteem. i Detective Joe Day has received a greea parrot from Detective W. A. Plnkerton. of the Pinkerton Agency. The bird was captured In Honduras and oe is trying to teach it the English, anguage. Judge O. N. Denny, Consul at Tientsin and Consul-General at Shanghai, and adviser to the King of Seoul during the aat 1 years, returnee yesterday to Portland. Consolidated Portland will celebrate the Fourth of July tomorrow with a, municipal programme and a parade. Captain Edward Everett is to be grand marshal of the parade with C. M. Idle- man chief oi start. Ilalf a Ceitirr A go. From Tha Oregonian July X, 1869. San Francisco. June 10. MIsa Rosa Celeste walked the. wire .from Cliff House to Seal Rocks and back today. Thousands witnessed the feat- The most Important question that will be brought before the OreKon Legis lature this session will be the ratifica tion of the reconstruction amendment to the Federal Constitution. We be lieve the Union majority will not fail to ratify this amendment. The amend ment will restore the revolted states to their old position on terms safe, mod erate and practical. Mr. Corbett today assumes the man- agement of the stage and mall line be tween Portland and Lincoln. We un derstand he plans .to put on new. coaches. We commence In The Oregonian today an interesting story In six parts, writ ten by Frank Plummer, clerk in the Portland postoffice. J. C. Gardner, warden of the State Penitentiary at Salem, has received his patent for the new shackle invented by mm ior Keeping convicts. The act of the Territorial Assembly at Olympia last Winter In wiping Ska mania County from the map of Uncle f-am s possessions, to benefit Clarke County in the matter of a few dollars and cents, has been disapproved by am act or congress and Skamania "still lives." If absence of fires continues, the firemen will become intoxicated with slumber. Mexican officials deny they have hidden criminals. What do they call It, then? If rainwater had value, Portland could be the wealthiest city In the country. If the new jackrabblt hat Is named the "Sinnott" it can become popular. Probably Mr. Cordray can give the most classical opinion of Oregon rain. The big eagle is smoothing feathers for tomorrow. his Baseball must be a sport designed for an arid country. Kitchener would enjoy holding the reins in this drive. Only the lazy man will not enthuse tomorrow. Preparing; Dlarltalls LriTri. PORTLAND, July 2 (To the Editor.) Kindly Inform me as to the best method of drying and preparing digi talis, or foxglove leaves, for market also where they may be sold to the best advantage. . A SUBSCRIBER. The United States Pharmacopaeia says that great care must be exercised In the preparation of the leaves to In sure their activity. They should be gathered in the second year. Immedi ately before or during the period of In florescence, and only those chosen which are full grown and perfectly fresh. It is recommended that tha leaves be dried either in the sunshine or by a gentle heat before the fire, and care should be taken to keep them sep arate when drying. .The leaves deteri orate rapidly and should not be kept long In stock. There is no chemical test for potency, the standard being as certained only by physiological methods too technical for the average person to employ. Information as to the market probably would be furnished by any wholesale drug firm. Hortgsge and Deficiency Jsdgmeat. SHERIDAN, r., July. 1. (To the Ed nor.; ir a person forecloses a mort gage he holds against a piece of land and tries to sell said land by Sheriffs sale, and this Sheriff's sale does no bring the amount of money the mort gage and expense calls for. has he rth, mortgagee) a right by law to take a lien or nave a claim against other real estate a person owns, or must he be satisfied with what the Sheriff's sale brings? CARL FOREMAN. If the mortgage which is being fore closed Is a purchase-price mortgage, that is, one to secure the payment of a part of; the purchase price of the prop erty, no lien can be obtained upon otJer property of the mortgagor in the fore closure proceedings. But If the mort gage was executed after the property was acquired by the mortgagor, in or der to secure the payment of moneys lent, a deficiency Judgment can be ob tained which would be a lien on all properties standing in the name of the mortgagor. POEM INSPIRATION FOR DEFEX'JU Buchanan Read's Words Applicable to Present Situation. PORTLAND. July i. (To fhe Edi tor.) On the mobilization of our troops preparatory to their departure for Mexico I submit for publication a poem written by T.. Buchanan Head, entitled "Our Defenders." I know of no poem In the English language on this subject equal to this inspiration. MAC MAIION. Our Defenders. Our flag on the land snd our flag on the ocean. An Angel of Peace wheresoever it goes. Nobly sustained by Columbia's devo tion. The Angel of Death It shall be to out foes. True to our native sky. Still shall our eagle fly. Casting his sentinel glance afar Though bearing the olive branch Still in his talons staunch. Grasping the bolts of the thunders of; War! Hark to the sound! There's a foe on our border. A foe striding on to the gulf of his doom: Free men are rising and marching In order. Leaving the plow and anvil and loom Rust dims the harvest sheen Of scythe and of sickle keen. The axe sleeps In peace by the tree, it would mar, "Veteran and youth are out. Swelling the battle shout. Grasping the bolts of the thunders of War! Our brave mountain eagles swoop front their eyrie. Our lithe panthers leap from forest and plain. Out of the West flash the flames of; the prairie. Out of the East roll the waves of the main! Down from their Northern: f shores. Loud as Niagara pours. They march, and their tread wakes the earth with Its Jar. Under the Stripes and Stars, Each with the soul of Mars, Grasping the bolts of the thunders of Warl Spite of the sword or assassin's stiletto. While throbs a heart In the breast o the brave. The oak of the North or the Southern palmetto Shall shelter no foe except In his gravel While the Gulf billow breaks. Echoing the Northern Lakes, And ocean repliaa unto ocean afar. Yield we no inch of land. While there's a patriot hand. Grasping the bolts of the thunders o War! SOLEMN TnOCGIIT. Oft In the stilly night I ponder, how very queer That in Oregon, dry. a man must die In order to get a bier. ' DEAN COLLINS. FOR TSIE NAME'S SAKE. When Henry built a bungalow. His friends remarked: "It is a shame. It Is a nice one, but you know It Is a Hen house Just the same." A cow kicked Henry in the face And knocked out the incisor's rowi And now you'll hear men every place Say: "Scarce as Hen's teeth, don't T know." When Luther stole a horse and fled. The cowboys all began to shoot. "And when we catch that guy," they said. "We surely will string up the Lute.1 DEAN COLLINS. How to Worst It. Exchange. Bobbs I wish I could get my wife to come home, but she'll stick till the last dance is over. Dobbs I'll tell you how to do It. Bobbs HowT Dobbs Just dance three times in succession with the pretty girl in the bright red dress, and she'll take you, home kn a hurry.