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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 6, 1915)
TITE MOltyiyO OREGOyiAN. FRIDAY, AUGUST 6. 1015. MAP SHOWING PART OF RUSSIA OVER WHICH AUSTRO-GERJIAN S ARE CONDUCTING CAMPAIGN. AND EASTERN LINE TO WHICH CAPITAL OF POLAIIO OFTEH VI PRIZE Most of Historic Chapters Are Replete With Bloodshed v and Oppressive Rule. MANY REVOLTS RECORDED I IndVrwndew) Retrained and I-oat at Will of Early King. With Ko Ian ODMInalnjc Tyranny Through Modern Times. Tha history of Warsaw from the lth century onward la Intimately connect ed with that or Poland. Tha precise data of the foundation of tha town la , -not known, bat It la supposed that Con ' rad. Duke of Uaaovla, erected a castle 1 on tha present alt of Warsaw as early as the ninth century. !. Caslmlr tha Just la supposed to hare ' fortified It In tha 11th century, but Warsaw la not mentioned In annala be ; fore 1234. Until 1S2C It waa the residence of the Dukes of Masovia, but when their dy . nasty became extinct It was annexed i to Poland. When Poland and Lithuania were united. Warsaw waa chosen aa the royal residence. Slglsmund Augustus . (Wassa) made It M5S0 the real capital of Poland, and from 1S7I onwards the election of Klna-a of Poland took place on the Held of W'ola. on the west out skirts of the city. ;. From the 17th century possession of the city waa continually disputed be- tween the Swedes, the Russians, the Pranden burgers and the Austrlana. : Charles Guatavua, of Sweden, took It In 15S and kept It for a year; the Poles retook It In July. 15C but lost It again almost Immediately. Fmessi Heaalaed la 1703. Augustus II and Augustus III did '. much for Its embellishment, but It had ' much to suffer during the war with Charles XII of Sweden, who captured It In 1705: but In the following year peace was made and It became free again. The disorders which followed the . death of Augustus III In 173 opened the field for Russian Intrigue and In 17(4 the Russians took possession of the town and secured the election of Stanislaus PonlatowskL which led In 177J to the first partition of Poland. In November. 17)4. the Russlana took It . again, after a bloody assault on Praga. but the next year. In the third parti tion of Poland. Warsaw was given to , Prussia. ' In November. liOC the town was oc cupied by the troops of Napoleon, and after the peace of Tilsit IS07 was . made the capital of the Independent Duchy of Warsaw, but the Austrlans seised It on April SI. ISO, and kept possession of It till June S. when It once more became Independent. The Russians Anally took It February 8. r 11- , On November I. 130. Russia rave ' the signal for unsuccessful Insurrec tion, which lasted nearly one year. The cltv was captured after great blood- , shed by Paskevlch. September 2. .1831. . Military Rale Severe. Deportations on a large scale, exe cutions and connscatlon of the do mains of the nobility followed, and until 1IS Warsaw remained under se vere military rule. In 13 a series of demonstrations began to be made In Warsaw In favor of the Independence of Poland, and af ter a bloody repression a general In surrection followed In January. 13. The Russians, however, remained masters of the situation. Executions, banishments to the convict prisons of Siberia and confiscation of estates fol lowed. Importation to Siberia and the Interior of Russia followed on an un- , heard-of scale. Scientific societies and high schools were closed: monasteries and nunneries were emptied: hundreds of Russian officials were called In to fill the administrative posts snd to , teach In the schools and the onlversl- , ties: the Russtsn language was made obligatory in all official act. In all le gal proceedings and even to a great extent In trade. The name of Poland waa expunged from official writings, and. while the . eld Institutions were abolished, the Russian trtbunala and administrative Institutions were Introduced. The serfs were liberated. Much rioting and lawless bloodshed . took place In the city in 105 and 10. BIG WATER CASE HEfcRD 233 Ranchers of Sllrlea Valley Ak V Ins; for Kqaal Distribution. RAKER. Or Aug. S. (Special.) . Clalma to water rights Involving nearly .,75.000 acres of land In Harney County - are being presented before George T. Cochran. State Water Superintendent of District No- In tha Silvlea Valley . hearing now going on In Burns. The - hearing Is the result of claims made by 331 ranchers or the vicinity that the water of Silvlea River la not being fair ' ly distributed- It Is expected that the case will continue for the next three weeks. A shortage of .000 acre feet In the normal water aupply has brought differences of past years to a head. Among the heavy realty holders In terested are the Pacific Livestock Com pany. William Hanley and the Willam ette Highway Company. Judge L. It- Webster and Erskina Wood, of Port - land, are representing Mr. Hanley'a ln- - teres ts. A reservoir to store surplus waters ' of the river Is tha aim or a majority ' of tha ranchers. BURGLAR LEAPS OFF TRAIN Iah Through Car Window Gives Liberty for Three) Honrs. WALLA WALLA. Wash- Aug. a. (Special.) Harry Hunter. Spokane burglar, made a flying leap for liberty through an open car window of a mov ing train near Prescott this afternoon and three hours later he was taken to the State Penitentiary, securely held by a country town Marshal, and locked up. Just after the train left Prescott, Its last stop before the psuse to let prisoners alight at the foot of the prison hill. Hunter took advantage of tha momentary absence of Guard Crosno to slip the handcuff which bound him to another prisoner and took a header through the window. Crosno saw him and ran to tha end of the ear. emptying his revolver at htm. Hunter later was taken by Mar shal Pray, of Prescott. Farveyor-Draf lrnan Is Appointed. OREGON1 AN NEWS BUREAU. Wash ington. Aug. . H. F. Beexley. of New port. Or has been appointed surveyor, draftsman In the forest service at Port land after civil service examination. C h'-' Thr-Zr, ' f jSokoika lt4JASrCesrYswe Ltpu "A 55'f f-P'SS ?.Z iTlefMj sv 35 l Pshr-eJT NvTIrv v. i J PIOTRKOWWopccto SX ' 1 7 ' ( --jT ttuJSJfl (-- mmmmm . . . it.A s4aAnia Thio liriA runs from the torJl7tl dUF'"m Br.Tt-Cfo'u-.k the Una likely retain. WARSAW FINE CITY Place One of Most Important in Eastern Europe. POPULATION GROWTH RAPID Inltabltants Numbering 180-Total tOO.000 .Manufacture Marie 161.000 In In 1914. Notable by Skill of Worker. Warsaw Is the capital of Poland and the chief town of the government of Warsaw. It Is beautifully situated on the left bank of the Vlatula. 3f7 miles by rail eaat of Berlin, and OS miles southwest ot Petrograd. It atands on a terrace 130 to 130 feet above the river. to which It descends by steep slopes, lesvlng a broad beach at Its base. The suburb of Praga Is on the right bsnk of the Vistula, which Is 50 to to yards wide, and la connected with Warsaw by two bridges, the railway bridge, which passes closely under the gons of the Alexander citadel to the north, and the Alexander bridge (1 feet long, built In 1S) In the center of the town. With Its large population. Its beau tiful river, ample communications, com merce, university and scientific socie ties, palaces and numerous places ot amusement. Warsaw Is one of the most plrssant as well as one ot the most animated cities of Eastern Europe. From a military point of view, Warsaw la the chief atronghold for the defense of Poland: the Alexander citadel has been much Improved and the bridge across the Vistula was defended by a strong; fort Sllwlckt City Isaportaat Trade Ceater. Situated In a fertile plain, on a great navigable river, below Its confluence with the Plllca and Welprx, which drain Southern Poland, and above its conriu ence with the Narew and Bug. which tap a. wide region In the east. Warsaw became In medieval tlmea the chief entrepot for the trade of those fer tile and populous valleys with Western Europe. Owing to Its position in the territory of Mazovla. which was neither Polish nor Lithuanian, and. so to say. re mained neutral between the two rival nawera which constituted the united kingdom, it became the capital of both, and secured advantages over the purely Polish Cracow and the Lithuanian Vllna. And now, connected aa it Is by six trunk lines with Vienna. Klb and Southwestern Russia. Moscow. Petro grad and lanilg and Berlin. It Is one of the most Important commercial cltiea In Eastern Europe. The southwestern railroad connects It with Lodz, the Manchester of Foland. and with the productive mineral re gion of Plotrkow and Klelce. which sup ply Its steadily growing manufacturea with coal and Iron, so that Warsaw ml ifa nelahborhood have become a center for all kinds of manufactures. Workers Are skilled. The Iron and steel Industry has greatly developed, and produced large uuantlilea of rails. The machinery works have suffered to some extent from competition with Southern Rus sia, and find high prices of land a great obstacle In the way of extension. The msnufactures of plated sliver, car riages, boots snd shoes (annual turn over I8.4S0.000). mf'-'ery. hosiery, gloves, tobacco, augar and all sorts of artistic house decorations are of con siderable importance, chiefly owing to the aklll or the workers. Trade Is principally In the goods enumerated above, but the city la also the canter for corn, leather and coal. would extend southeast to such point - snd Its two fairs (wool and hops) have a great reputation throughout Western Russia. The wholesale deportation of Warsaw artisans after the Polish Insurrections of 17. 1831 and 183 considerably checked but by no means stopped the Industrial progress of the town. The barrier of custom-houses all around Poland, and Russian rule, which mili tatea against the progress of Polish science, technology and art. are so many obstacles to the development of Its natural resources. Popolatlea Growth Rapid. Th. nnnuliilon nevertheless grew rapidly from 11.008 In 180. 378.000 In 1873. 436.7S0 In 18S7. 7t.2 in isu. io more than 900.000 In 191. More than 35.000 ot these are Germans and one- third are Jews. Warsaw Is sn archlepiscopal see of the Greek and Catholio churches. The streets of Warsaw are aaurneu with many fine buildings, partly pal aces exhibiting the Polish nobility's love of display, partly cnurcnes ana cathedrals, and partly public buildings erected by the municipality or by pri vate bodies. FRENCH MAKE SACRIFICE MINISTER SAYS PEOPLE u GOLD WITHOUT PRESSURE. Lives Moat Be Ulvea II .eceaeary. Uooda af This Word la Aany Case, Saya Klaaare Minister. partis Ausr. S. In the course of a discussion in the French Senate today on the bill to raise the limit of na tional defense issues which was passed in the Chamber of Deputies July Alexsnder Blbot, the minister of finance, took occasion to revley the financial situation. "On July 31. he said, "tnere were .f58 000.000 francs (81.391.S00.0O0) oi defense Issues in circulation. In July alone 82a.000.000 francs (81S5.000.juoi net were Disced In the short-term bonda and 122.000.000 francs (8S4.400. 000 In the long-term obligations. "Our financial burdens are constant ly growing. Arms and ammunition cost a great deal. We probably shall have recourse to a long-term loan whereby we can consolidate all our short-term treasury Issues. We still have to make a great military and financial effort to make to reach a victorious conclusion or the war. "The public brings In its gold with out pressure. It is conscious of the situation and feels that today no man can save himself by thinking solely of himself. It can only be done by the citlxer.s giving the country their lives if necessary and their goods In this world in any case. "We must conceal nothing from the country. It is worthy to hear every thing. Only In dissimulating nothing can we fittingly respond to the coun try's fine confidence." The bill Increasing the limit of na tional defense Issues was passed. WATER SCARCE AT YAKIMA Government Supply Dwindles and Anxiety Is Felt. NORTH YAKIMA. Wash., Aug. 6. (Special.) Announcement that the Government's suply of storage water is diminishing rapidly under the heavy drain of the last few weeks has caused renewed anxiety here. The available supply at Lake Cle Elum Is practically exhausted, and It is aald the aupply at Kaches reservoir will not last for more than ten days. Bumping Lake, the only further supply. Is not sufficient to carrv through a long, hot speiL for tunately, many of the crops are out of danger. The genera' water shortage is affect ing North Tac!ma s supply to some ex tent aa to quality. The condition la at tributed partly to dead fisX Mr. Tuttle. secretsry of the Stste Board of Health, Is to be here Monday for conference over the situation. .... . . . 1 1 A a ? frontier,: due south to Grodno and BreSt-Litou8lc. the latter fortress belg a, the Russians, who still hold a small part of Galicia, may be able to . . PANIC IS AVOIDED Refugees Leave Warsaw Without Disorder. MOST OF PEOPLE REMAIN Russians Take Care to Destrgy All Suburban Factories That Might lie Converted by Germans to Own Purposes. MOSCOW, via Petrograd and London. Aug. 6. Hundreds or reiugees irom Warsaw are arriving here dally. Most of them are without money or means of sustenance and are seeking aid at the American consulate, where an en larged staff is attempting to supply temporary assistance, pending the or ganization of a Russian relief commis sion. The refugees say that although the population or the Polish capital was convinced that the Germans ultimately would occupy tne city, a majority of the citizens elected to remain, approxi mately only 15 per cent to date having left the city. This accounts ror the comparative order and the absence of panic wnicn accompanied the exodus when, the German occupation first seemed Im minent. The government issuea an order that third-class ticneis to any point In the Interior or Kussia snouia be given free to all citizens desiring to depart. Abandonment Without fame. The abandonment of the city was so carefully planned and so systematically executed that an oniooner reteivcu the ImDression that no more extraor dinary phenomenon was occurring than the ordinary Summer exodus, ouiu- cient extra trains had been proviaea so that traveling conditions on tne whole differ little from normal. An unusual feature of the present retirement was the fact that provision tickets were made unnecessary. The bulk, of the refugees traveiea on root or with their wagons along me highways. Most or the refugees were unable to oroceed southward to Kiev and finding the railway to Vilna monopolized for military purposes tney took the line to the east, temporarily crowding Moscow, Vladova and Brest- Lltovsk. Large Factories Destroyed. Many of these lost their homes In the outlying portions of Warsaw, the destruction of which became a military necessity. All the territory Immediately to the west of Warsaw, containing large factories. Polish estates and peasant dwellings, now presents blackened and uninhabitable areas. Care had been taken that no suburban factories should rail In the hands or the Germans and be converted to their use, Chlet among those destroyed was the 81.00J.000 sugar ractory belonging to a Polish lawyer. Eugene Kuruluk, with more than 2000 tons or sugar. The ractorles In ' the city itself, although abandoned, had not yet been destroyed when the refugees left. WARSAW FINALLY TAKEN (Continued From First Psite. fence, and which extends rrom Kovno. In the north, due south through Grodno to Brest-Lltousk. which is about 100 miles directly east or Warsaw. Each ot the towns mentioned are defended by modern fortresses and It is her that th ussians are expected, to rst at least rldfanau until they have received the enormous military supplis. ammunition and big guns which have been purchased In every country that would provide them. The Germans in the north, under General von Buelow, are trying to pre vent this by cutting the Petrograd Warsaw railroad, while General von Mackeneen Is engaged in a similar eN rort In the region or Ivangorod, south east or Warsaw. Effect on West May Be Great. The occupation or Warsaw will have the eKect or releasing large German rorces, long concentrated on the reduc tion or the city, and permit them to turn westward for renewed operations against the Anglo-French allies. The British military authorities agree tht the f II or the city will hve rar-reching effects on the eastern ana western war theaters. BANKS AND HOSPITALS MOVE City Is Without Means of Carrying on Usual Trade. WARSAW, by messenger to Petro grad, via London. Aug. 5. In conse quence or the cessation of the operation of postal facilities, Warsaw for 10 days has been without mail connection with the outside world. The vice-governor-general of War saw took prompt measures to organize a voluntary postoffice rorce and to re sume operations at Praga, a suburb across the Vistula. A volunteer corps or 400 young Polish men assumed the duties or postal clerks and the sorting and delivering or the hundreds or thou. Bands or letters and parcels which had piled up during the two weeks since the departure of the postal authorities. Eighty young women are helping. The removal or the state 'janK ana private banks with all their funds left S. & H. Green Trading Stamps Given With All Cash Purchases ShSSD " " ' Clearance Sale of Ladies' High Grade Low Shoes and Pumps at our Main Store, 129 10th St, liet. Washington and Alder HANAN'S Ladies' Low Cuts in patent colt, black calf (T 4 Q and tan calf welt soles, formerly $6.00, now tP'AaOtJ LA1RD-SCH0BER & CO.'S AND WRIGHT & PETERS patent colt, black suede and satin welt Colonials and Pumps, short lines, comprising about 300 pairs. Regular price $6.00 (10 QK to $6.50, now tPsWaOeJ 500 PAIRS WOMEN'S PUMPS, OXFORDS AND EVENING SLIP PERS, sizes 1 to 5. Regular price $5.00 and $6.00, rt -f Q CT priced now at... PAIRS childre: 700 PAIRS CHILDREN'S SHOES black and tan, sizes 2 to 11. 129 Tenth Street, Bet. rsajnrarsi Straw Hat Sale Cool, natty Straws for August days. Get your head .under a new one at a fraction of its price: ONE LOT $3 AND $4 STRAW HATS 5c $5 MILANS $5 SPLITS MAIN FLOOR BEN SELLING Morrison at Fourth tne city without means of carrying on trade. The chief of police and his staff left the city 10 days ago. together with all the courts and justices of the peace. All railway equipment was removed from -the west bank of the Vistula, as were all the machine shops. Russian military hospitals were re moved with their staff and equipment. The Polish municipal and private hos pitals are carrying the burden of carry ing the wounded from the nearby battle line. All provisions are up to 150 per cent. Sugar, tea, coffee, butter and milk are virtually out of the market, while bread is difficult to procure. There appeared before the central committee today a peasant named Stan islaw Milefsky, who escaped from the German lines 10 days ago at the village of Krilatka, in the province of Bu walki. Milefsky related that the Germans had taken 6000 Russians from a single community and had forced them to dig trenches. The Russians, he said, were allowed daily only one meal of soup and horse meat and were sleeping on the bare ground. Numbers, he declared, were dying daily of exhaustion. He said the country had been swept clean of provisions and that not a pound of bread had been left for the inhabitants. KNIGHTS END SESSIONS DAVENPORT I SCHOSE-X FOR COX. VENTION NEXT YEAR. Homebound Catholic Delegatea to See Fair, and Many Will Visit Portland. SEATTLE, Wash.. Aug. 5. The 32d annual convention of the Knights of Columbus ended today, the final busi ness being the choosing of Davenport, la., as the convention city for next year, one nallot being decisive. At the close of the morning session delegates announced that Cincinnati had been practically selected, and that the in formal choice would be ratified, but during the afternoon there was a shift ing of preferences. Most of today's sessions were devoted to considering the report of the com mittee on laws. Many entertainments were given to night in honor of the knights and their friends. Large numbers of the visitors had left the city, however, the exodus beginning soon after noon. Most of the knights and friends will visit the Panama-Pacific Exposition at San Francisco, and a large part or the southbound travelers will make a short stop In Portland leer Plentiful at Koseburg. ROSEBURG, Or. Aug. 6. (Special.) With the deer season less than a AND ANKLE TIES in(-J fifi Regular price $2.50, nows Washington and Alder H 1 J 3 week off, indications are that the tim bered districts of Douglas County will fairly swarm with hunters. Deer are more plentiful here than ever and it is predicted that several hundred will be killed before the close of the season. Milton Interurban Station Burns. MILTON, Or.. Aug. o. (Special.) Fire from a cause as yet undetermined burned to the ground the interurban station of the Walla Walla Valley Hail way Company here today. Starting Just before midnight last night the biaze was soon beyond the control of Mil ton's volunteer fire department, and the. members worked the rest of the night to save the remaining buildings in the block. The damage is more than S1000, partially covered by insurance. Freight piled In the depot for ship ment was moved yesterday, so the loss is that of the building and records. Fifty-nine babies, all born of American parents in the Panama C'anul one, reached New York the other day aooara tne Cris tobal. Fathers and mothers, vacation-bound, accompanied mftpt of them. HAIR IS GRAY; YOU LOOK OLD Look Young; by Darkening; Gray Hair With Q-Ban. No Dye Harmless. If your hair is gray, faded, wispy, thin, prematurely gray, or streaked with gray, you will look twelve or fif teen years younger if you darken your gray hair by shampooing your hair and scalp a few times with Q-Ban Hair Color Restorer. It is harmless and not a dye. but acts on the roots, makes gray hair healthy, turning all your gray hair to a beautiful, lustrous, soft, natural dark shade, darkening your gray hair and entire head of hair so evenly and naturally that no one need suspect you use Q-Ban. Besides, Q-Ban stops dandruff. Itching scalp and fall ing hair, promotes Its growth. Guaran teed to give satisfaction or money re funded. Only 60c for a big 7-oz. 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