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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (July 31, 1915)
THE. MORNING OREGOXIAX. SATURDAY, JULY 31, 1913. POBTLAD. OREGON. ..."Entered at Portland. Oregon. FoatoHlce aa secDnd-clase matter. - Subscription Ratea Invariably In advance: ' (Br Mali.) Dally, Sunday Included, one year 18.00 . Pally, Sunday Included, six mont'-a. . . . 4.5 IaIly. Sunday Included, lor, months.. 2.23 ,.Iaily, Sunday Included, one month , Iaily, without Sunday, ona yean...... 6-UO .Iaiiy, without Sunday, six months. . .. klJaily, without Sunday, three months... 1.75 -'Ially. without Sunday, ona month 0 ; Weekly, one year . J-SJ Sunday, one yur 2.50 i Sunday and Weekly, one year 40 , (By Carrier.) pally. Sunday Included, one year..... Iatly, Sunday included, one month 75 How to Hemit Send Poatofllce money or- der. expreaa order or personal check on your i local bank. Stamps, coin or currency are at C sender's risk. Give postofrlce address In Xull, Including- county and state. Postaare Kates 13 to Id pages. 1 cent; 18 to 32 pages, 2 cents; i- to 48 pages, i cents; 60 to SO pages, 4 cents; 62 to pages, 3 cents; 78 to 82 pages. 6 cents. For - sign postage, double rates. iastern Business Offices Veree at Conk- lln. Brunswick bulldirg. New York; Verree . . Conklin, Steger building. Chicago; San , Francisco representative. R. J. Bidwell. "i'i f llsrket street. v'FOKTUNO, SATURDAY, JULY SI, 1915. A SUBMARINE BASE IN OREGON. In authorizing: substantial enlarge I ment of the Navy, Congress of neces sity must, and doubtless will, provide ;for the enlargement of existing Navy Jjards and the establishment of new . ones. The present Navy taxes the ca pacity of the Navy-yards on the twe coasts and lack of facilities ashore i-often too long delays repairs to war ships. The great deficiency In shore . stations today is on the Pacific Coast, ."which has but two Navy-yards, as against seven on the Atlantic Coast and others on the Gulf of Mexico. In times past, when efforts have -been made to secure the station of a . larger number of warships on the ; Pacific Coast, the Navy Department -lhas repeatedly taken refuge behind I the fact that the Pacific Coast did not have enough Navy-yards to handle a ' big fleet. Tet when the Pacific Coast 1 sought appropriations for more or larger Navy-yards, the Department's answer was that most of the fleet was . stationed in the Atlantic, and there -.was not need for more yards. ' With the expansion of the Navy end this expansion is now assured in tvlew of the awakening of the Admin istration there will be need for more Navy-yards along the Pacific Coast, and the Navy Department will be un able to sidetrack the demand, unless it intends to hold the Pacific fleet at its "present size, and add all new ships to ithe Atlantic fleet or to fleets In for-J eign waters. Naval officers being very generally impressed with the fiecessity for many . more submarines than now fly the -American flag, and submarines hav- lng demonstrated their superiority in the war abroad, it is reported that the Navy Department will ask Con gress to authorize somewhere from fifty to eighty of these craft. If Con : grees responds to public sentiment ; with liberal appropriations for war 'ships, the Department must, while : urging appropriations for more ships, recommend appropriations for more : yards. It recently was rumored that the Navy Department contemplated the . establishment of a naval base on the Columbia River. The rumor has been : pronounced unfounded by the ranking : officers of the Navy. But if the De partment has not yet come to see the . necessity for establishing a naval base somewhere between Puget Sound and San Francisco, where the only VTest '. em Navy-yards are located, naval men familiar with conditions on the Pa cific Coast will awaken to this neces- ; slty as they work out the details of the new naval programme. j .: Heretofore there has been an un reasoning, unjustified prejudice -against the Columbia River In the s minds of naval officers on duty at the! Department, and the successive heads of the Department have absorbed this ' prejudice. Today if the proposal were 'brought squarely before Secretary .Daniels that a Navy-yard be estab lished on the Columbia, he probably . would veto the project. There is, , however, a project which Portland : and Columbia River interests can put forward to which the Navy Depart ment can urge no practical, or the oretical objection. That is the estab ; lishment on the Columbia River, or on the Willamette, o a submarine and destroyer base. Puget Sound, with its ' abundance of deep water, can readily care for battleships of heavy draft, if its Navy-yard is sufficiently enlarged In capacity. The Mare Island yard, when dredging operations are com pleted, can also take care of some battleships and of the cruisers on the Pacific station. But unless- these yards are more than doubled In ca pacity, they cannot make all necessary repairs to submarines and to destroy ers and expeditiously handle the larger chips as well. Congress in recent years, in appro priating for submarines, ' has directed that a part of each year's authoriza tion be built on the Pacific Coast and he detailed to Pacific stations after completion. , There is every reason to believe this policy will be continued. If it is, some provision must be made Jor caring for these vessels after they go Into commission. Being Intricate of design, and more or less experi mental as yet, submarines in particu lar, and destroj'ers to a less degree, require frequent overhauling, altera tion and repair. The money necessary to equip the Puget Sound or Mare Island Navy yards to handle the submarines and destroyers to be added "In the near future to the Pacific fleet would es tablish a station on the Columbia River or on the Willamette. Port land furnishes a ready supply of me chanics, and in Portland markets can be purchased the supplies for such a station as readily as In Seattle or San Francisco. A yard near Portland would have the advantage of fresh water not found at either of the exist ing yards on the west coast. Being centrally located, such a yard would be in easy communication with both existing yards, and Portland's climate is such that outdoor work could be carried on throughout the year. While the Navy Department has riven no consideration to the proposi tion of establishing a naval base on the Columbia River, and while offi cials of the Department say the ques tion has not been considered, this particular suggestion has not been laid before the Department. If prop erly presented between now and De cember It might receive favorable consideration. Certain theological pundits are de bating over a proposed "plucking board" for ministers. Its purpose would be to force them out of their pulpits when they are past work. We cannot approve of any such project. An aged minister should no more be forced out of his charge than an aged father out of his dwelling. An assist ant should be assigned to him and he should be warmed and cheered by his people's love until he dies. HIS COLD XEBTE. Becker died gamely, protesting his Innocence. But he was not innocent. It was in keeping with the wicked character of the man that he should go to his fate with a. lie on his lips. He had worn for many years a blue uniform and a policeman's shield, the outward and visible signs of the duties put upon him by the law to enforce the law. But he betrayed his trust and violated his oath and lived a false and unworthy life. It took a man of iron nerve to do the things Becker did. He was the partner of criminals, though he was sworn to protect the public against crime of all kinds. He was a grafter, a crook, and finally a murderer. He was forever over a powder mine, yet he was always under the aegis of the law, himself an arm of the law's au thority, and an official bulwark of its security. Only an untoward incident betrayed him. He might have gone on always without exposure, fattening on the weaknesses and misdoings of others, except that murder will out. "Charlie." said Mrs. Becker, "Is not a saint, but he is no murderer." Becker had a believing and faithful wife. He realised it at the last, as it is to be hoped he did from the first. He paid an affecting tribute to her loyalty in his dying message. It is well enough that she should have faith in the innocence of her husband. That is poor enough consolation for her in her sore troubles. But it is impera tive for the public protection and for the public confidence in the exact workings of justice that the truth about Becker be known by all others. Becker reaped where he had sown. He was first a traitor to his trust, and finally by natural steps in wrongdoing a murderer. The law has been vin dicated. ANOTHER DESERTING DEMOCRAT. When Mr. Bryan reaches New York, on his grand round of the country for the purpose of rallying deserving Democrats to the Bryan standard, we shall expect to see his enthusiastic and complaisant friend, James M. Sullivan, occupying a front place on the Bryan platform with other distinguished officeholders and ex-officeholders. Sullivan is the shirt-sleeve diplomat, who was Min ister to Santo Domingo, appointed through the Bryan influence and re moved from office, for the public good, after Bryan quit. A Bryan encomium of the service able Sullivan was contained in that characteristic letter which Bryan wrote, soliciting the appointment of "deserving Democrats" in the Domin ican customs service. "You will find Sullivan a strong, courageous fellow," said the good Bryan. "The more I see of him the better I am satisfied he will fit into the place there and do what is necessary to be done." Mr. Sullivan was dismissed upon the recommendation of Senator Phelan, of California, commissioned by the Pres ident to Investigate the Santo Do mingo situation, for "temperamental unfitness." His methods in doing what was necessary to be done" were too raw. For example, he made him self the protector of a particular bank. In which the public funds were placed. That is what he was there for. Secretary Bryan sturdily stood by Sullivan during his incumbency. It was a particularly inexcusable per formance in view of the unsavory sur roundings of Sullivan and the high duty of an American Secretary to put the diplomatic service on a plane be yond suspicion or justifiable attack. Yet Bryan sought through Sullivan and others to make Santo Domingo fair hunting ground for an odious gang of Democratic spoilsmen. But Santo Domingo Is only a part of the story. The diplomatic service as a whole suffered sadly and almost Irreparably from the spoils-making proclivities of Secretary Bryan. It will take years for recovery. BUYING' BELCIVM.FOR S 100,000,000. John Wanamaker makes a propo sal to buy Belgium for (100,000,000 from Germany and give it back to the Belgians. Evidently Mr. Wanamaker believes that money will accomplish anything. Yet it is hard to believe that he has made his fantastic sug gestion seriously. Belgium Is not on the bargain-counter of nations, nor did Germany seize and hold the little kingdom for commercial purposes. Her reasons were purely military and strategic. One may well wonder where Mr. Wanamaker got his idea that Belgium might be bought and sold, or that Germany would assume to give title, or that J100.000.000 is the right sum. Is it conceivable, either, that King Al bert would consent to buy his way back to his lost throne? Germany entered Belgium a year ago as a highway to France, appeal ing to the Belgians not to interfere and guaranteeing ample reparation. It is true that Germany acknowledged that the neutrality of Belgium was thus violated, but the law of necessity was pleaded as being a paramount excuse. It Is true also that the world was assured by Chancellor Bethmann Hollweg that Germany would in no circumstances annex Belgium. If that is so, why seek to buy back Bel gium? Belgium will come Into Its own kingdom at the end of the war, even with a German victory, unless Germany changes her mind. As a matter of course there will be a re stored Belgium If Germany is defeat ed. So Mr. Wanamaker'! $100,000, 000 will be wasted in either event. It would seem that the Philadelphia storekeeper's philanthropic purpose to purchase Belgium might better be changed to a plan to raise $100. 000,000 for the relief of needy Bel gians and needy Poles and other suf ferers from the great war. COCNTBY DIET. J. S. -Yoder writes The Oregonian that ha is puzzled by a contradiction between our opinion of country diet and that of a minister who recently lectured in' his neighborhood. The minister could not sufficiently praise the food he ate on his trip light, spongy bread, fresh butter and the like. And he told the rural audience that they ought to be thankful for their dietetic advantages. This, as Mr. Yoder remarks, does not Jibe with The Oregonian's lately expressed opin ion that city people outlive their country cousins because they have bet ter food to eat. We protest at the outset that the case of a minister on a visit to a rural community is hardly typical. What is set before him differs tragically from the ordinary diet of the country. The spongy bread and the fragrant butter of which ha partakes are not tha rule but the rare exception on rural dinner tables. More commonly the bread is sour and the butter resembles the famous pat which Josiah Allen's wlfa kepton the table for show all ona Summer while she was saving up money for a trip to Boston. lf rural cooks would do for the'ir own families what is done for tha visiting minister wa should sea fewer ill-nourished, dyspeptic farmers. The common practice-is to ship to the city the best the farm produces and feed the family on what cannot be sold. This is a species of economy which has shortened many a life. It is pro verbial that if one wants the best of country produca he must go to the city to find It- As a matter of fact, there are a great many villages like Hubbard, from which Mr. Yoder writes, which import most of their vegetable luxuries from town. The art of cookery has been so neg lected in our schools and homes that the health of rural communities haa been sadly Impaired by indigestible, innutritious food. The vision of tha country dinner table laden with all the luxuries of the land and groaning under its sumptuous burden of sapid eatables is largely mythical. The real ity too often takes tha disillusioned form of fried pork and sour bread, with soggy potatoes to eke out the re past. Farmers should learn to feed themselves as well as they do the visiting minister. TflE SUMMER VACATION. Mrs. T. Vernette Morse, of Chicago, has sound ideas for the betterment of the public schools. She expressed some of them at the Panama Fair tha other day and we are glad to see that they have been pretty widely pub lished. Mrs. Morse is president of the National Vocational Art and In dustrial Federation and may be sup posed to have given a good deal of thought to the problems of vocational education as well as to the best inter ests of the schools in general. Her tneory that the public schools should be in session throughout the year is gaining ground among disinterested students of education. Tha practice of leaving the vast school plant of the country idle dur ing the Summer months while the children run wild upon the streets can hardly be reconciled with sound sense. Mrs. Morse would divide the school year into four quarters with brief va cations between them. Of course one quarter would come in the Summer months. This plan has been adopted at the Chicago University and has worked well there. The hardship that it might bring upon the instruc tors has been evaded by assigning to each of -them one quarter for his vacation. These periods of relaxation may be allowed to accumulate, If the in structor wishes, until they amount to a full year, when he may go to Europe or pursue investigations at the ends of the earth. But it is mainly for the children's sake that the Idea of a full year's school should be pushed. We need not remind the reader that our school children are two full years behind th.fce of France and Germany as far as knowledge is concerned. The real reason for their backward ness is to be found in their waste of time. From the school day and the school year a bit has been lopped off here and another bit there until the whole Is sadly depleted. Of course the children take all the play time they can get. and too often their par ents encourage their idleness, but the consequences are none the less de plorable for that. If the inexcusably wasteful Summer vacation cannot be abolished it can and should be ma terially shortened. THE DESTRUCTION OF THE NKZ PERCE In the current number of the Washington Historical Quarterly Nel son C. Titus gives an account of "The Last Stand of the Nez Perces" under their heroio Chief Joseph. The final battle of the inglorious war in which the Nez Perce nation was ruined and all but exterminated was fought on the western slope of the Bears Paw Mountains, whither the starving In dians had fled before the armies of the white man in the hope of curing buffalo meat for their Winter's food. Here they were surprised by United States troops under Colonel Nelson A. Miles, and, after a surprisingly pro longed resistance, were obliged to surrender. The trouble with the Nez Perces began, as most troubles did between the Indians and white men, through the treachery and dishonesty of the "superior race." Chief Jo seph's tribe had played an honorable part In the history of the West from the time of the Lewis and Clark ex pedition. They befriended these bold explorers and were so deeply Im pressed by their manly virtues that some twenty-five years later they sent to St. Louis asking for teachers of the white man's religion to come and live among them. Marcus Whitman set up his mission In response to this pathetic plea. At that time the vigorous and thriving tribe of the Nez Perces possessed . a wide stretch of territory bounded on the east by the Bitter Root Mountains and extending Into Oregon and Washington-through Idaho. But the greedy eye of the goldseeker and stockman was already fastened upon their land and by the year 1855 the Nez Perces had been worked up to the point of submitting to one of those "treaties" by which our Indian wards have been systematically swindled. This treaty deprived them of all their territory but the Wallowa Valley, a romantic and fruitful region In the northern part of Oregon. Here they dwelt happily for many years and might have developed a unique civilization in the Swiss-like liberty of the friendly mountalns had it not been for the In veterate greed of the miners and cat tlemen. Envious of the scant pos sessions of the Nez Perces, these ad venturers egged the Government on to require another renunciation of the Indians. This time they must forsake their lovely homes In the Wallowa country and migrate to Lapwai in Idaho, the site of one of the Whitman mission stations. Part of the Nez Perces, In their desire for peace with the United States, agreed to go. but others re fused, relying upon the treaty of 1856. But our treaties with the Indians have had even less virtue than "scraps of paper." Troops were sent to remove the unwilling Nez Perces by force. It was then that the masterly energies of Chief Joseph came into play. He placed himself at the head of his re bellious people, intending to lead them into Canada, where, as he said, the Government kept faith with its wards. The Federal troops in that region were commanded by General O. O. Howard, whose ardent piety did not interfere with the execution of in human orders from his superiors. His first move was to block the exits to Canada, expecting to pen up tha In dians In the Wallbwa Valley and carry the entire tribe into captivity. But Joseph found a way out over tha Lolo Pass, which led into the Bitter Root Valley, then a wild region but row a paradise. His plan was to proceed toward Canada through the Mullan Pass, not far from Helena, but, learn ing that it was held by a strong guard, he turned southward and sought shel ter in tha Big Hole Basin, a retreat which seamed secure. General How ard's troops were four days in the rear and Joseph knew of no other danger. But Major Gibbon had pursued him with a battalion of cavalry which at tacked the sleeping Indians before dawn. Confused at first, the Nez Perces soon rallied and inflicted a ter. rible defeat upon the foe. Gibbon's cavalry was rendered so helpless that he could not interfere with the move ments of the Indians, who quietly de camped from tha Big Hole, made their way eastward and northward through the Yellowstone Park and across the valleys of the Yellowstone and Mis souri Rivers to within eighty miles of the Canadian border. Here, on the western slope of the Bears Paw Moun tains, they camped to replenish their store of provisions by a buffalo hunt. During their flight before the Fed eral troops the Indians had commit ted no depredations. They Injured nobody and paid for the supplies which they received. This is strictly true of Joseph's band, whatever may be said of other and less competently commanded parties. But the military made no distinctions between tha bad and the good. They visited upon tha heads of tha Innocent tha real or imaginary crimes of tha guilty. It fell to Colonel Miles to strike tha lat and killing blow at the fleeing Nez Perces. Passing round the northern flank of the Bears Paw Mountains, he came upon their camp early in the morn ing of the last day of September. The year was 1877. Mr. Titus narrates in careful detail tha events that followed. If any white reader can peruse the account with pride, wa do not envy his stony heart and moral insensibil ity. The usual attempt was made to surprise the Indians, but it failed. Then Chief Joseph was taken prisoner by treachery, though when the Nez Perces captured Lieutenant Jerome as a hostage he was released. Repeated attacks failed to dislodge the Indians until, on October 3. a twelve-pound brass cannon was brought Into action. This exploded shells in the middle of the Nes Perce camp, hurling women, children and warriors Indiscriminately Into the air. Driven to desperation by this weapon, against which they could make no de. fense, tha Nea Perces, by Chief Jo seph's advice, finally surrendered and were led away captive and desolate to the desert home provided by the Government In exchange for the love ly valleys and lakes of Wallowa. Those who 6hudder over the horrors of Eu ropean warfare may, if they will, find precedents for the worst of them in our campaign against tha innocent and manly Nez Perces. To offset the Lincoln Highway In the North, tho South has projected a Dixie Highway to run from Michi gan to Florida. The construction of these long Interstate roads, with the steady Improvement of the automobile, portend heavy inroads upon railroad passenger traffic. It would be inter esting to know just how much the auto has cut down their receipts from Panama Fair travel. Cheap radium will be a boon to cancer patients and they may thank the Government for It. It is not "dirt cheap" even yet. The price still ranges about the comfortable figure of J36,00O-a gram. But that Is bet ter than a million for the same weight. Radium treatment will always be too expensive for the poor unless public or private charity pays for it. Hamlin Garland takes up the weary old dirge that good books are no longer read. The auto, the talking ma chine and the movies have swamped them. This is not true, but what if it were true? For many centuries books were humanity's main resource for instruction and spiritual refreshment. Now we have many other resources. Why not use them? Deputy District Attorney Delch is not given to hysterics, and when he Insists In stating there are Irregulari ties, to use a mild term, in the conduct of saloons, he knows whereof he is talking. Since the saloon is the poor man's clubroom, he must be protected In his enjovment of its advantages. If a girl of 14 Is "preparing for tho stage" by dressing and undressing in a room with two men, it is time some body used his boot to elevate the "drammer" Another conscientious manufacturer in the East has refused a $27,000,000 order for rifles for the allies. What his employes think of It is another matter. Judge Land is is handling one end of the Eastland investigation and somebody would better see about rais ing $27,000,000 to pay a fine. He looks like the same old Bryan, he talks like the same old Bryan, and he is the identical historical article. Give the blanket overcoat to tha poor man at the back door. Styles are to be shapely this Winter. The forecasters do not mention "probably light snow" because this Is the last day of July. Oregon will get some of the war grab. Spruce from here is going Into British aeroplanes. Roseburg's municipal railway plan has been declared valid by the courts. Now, go ahead. Something wrong In the sugar mar ket to drop before the fruit season is over. Kentucky sent a white and a black out ahead of New York yesterday. This spell of weather must be due to the new spot on the sun. Get out of the city tomorrow and see something different. A Jackson Club could not become hilarious on grapejulce. The Hon. Nakal may be the Roose velt of Japan. Arizona will yet hang the four Mex icans. Warsaw is ready for tha German. European War Primer Br Katlamal Cfesrapblnl Sac-letr. For weeks German rerimenta have been working thetr way from Cracow and Plotrkow. north and northwest, to ward Warsaw through the aovernroent of Radom. Tomaaow, Knnskle, Pred borx, Stasmw, andomierz. Ostrowlec. ilia and the River Tlllca have fol lowed one another in the prominence of war reports, as tha invaders have converged upon tha central erevernment of Warsaw, tha kernel of Kusaian Po land. Radom Is a triangular province, with a base toward Galtcia and its apex pointed directly at Warsaw. The government contains 4768 square miles, much of which is aa rich as any land in Kurope. More than 60 per cent of the total area of this government was under cultivation in !. The government is bounded on the west and north by tha River I'lltca. and upon the north, east and south by tha lUver Vistula, la common with all Russian Poland It has suffered a dampening of Its industrial and com mercial development due to a lack of facilities for communication. Tha Vis tula Hlver forms one of Its main ave nues of trade while one railway crosses through the government from Ivangorod to Kleloe. and a branch line projects south into the central part from Tomaaow. Itadom Is bounded by tha governments of Plotrkow on tha west, Warsaw and rMedlce on the north, Lublin on the east and Austrian Oalicla and the Polish government of Klelca on tha aouth. e e Tha military difficulty of the coun try increases toward the south and to ward the west; for irregular hills build Its southern area and marshes and swamps border tha sides of tha un healthy Pllica. Tha southern landa of the government ara taken up with the heavily forested Sandomlr Heights, a broad aertea of ranges of deeply cleft hllla. their ridges varying- from 800 to 100 feet in height, and here and there pierced by valleys scoured and worn In great cuts that are bottomed by the richest of agricultural land and drained by tributaries of tha Vistula. Toward the central region, the country becomes a long, rolling swell, broken ever and again by stray hill formations, and In places densely for ested. Tha cleared land hers is also extremely fertile. It is principally un der wheat, rye, barley, oata. buck wheat, hemp, flax and potatoes. A vast amount of fuel alcohol is dlMilled from the potatoes raised in tha gov ernment. Here, too. are great cattle, swine and aroose farms. Large nuan- titiea of grain and meats have always been prominent exports from Radom. a e The northern districts of Radom government again take on a character disadvantageous to roUttsry operations. The land slopes .away, flat. low. mo notonous, to fever-breathing swamps. marsr.es and long stretches of morass The Pllica basin Is a succession of marsh lands, and is known as one of tha most unhealthy parts of Poland The climate throughout the whole gov ernment is cold and moist, with a mean July temperature of 7T degreeg Fahren heit. The northern districts and the narrow valleys among the southern hills occasionally suffer from severe Iloorta. Nearly 1.000.000 people ara sup ported in the government, and Ita in dustry has been developing rapidly inrouajnout recent years. Ksdom la rich In certain minerals. In Iron ore and clay. Coal and sine also occur. In peace times Iron and steel to an amount ot some too.ooo tons Is produced. In their drive through southern Russian Poland, the Germans recentlv swept over tha city of Radom. canlral of tha government of Radom and the last important dry In the south he twsen their legions and the metrop olis. arse w. Kadorn was ona of the numerous thriving Industrial towns of Russian Poland which have rnrunc Into Mnr during the last score of years with the percolation or western capital and western manufacturing technique Into ii. v -.v riimminius nearent to west ern Kurope. Chean and abundant la hor has attracted many enterprises across m jttisaian borders, and con venience to the larger markets and t!' vast stores or raw materials haa held most of these enterprises In Russian Poland and in tha Daltlc provinces. i. ii in was one or the prosperous rmKrecsive Mav towns brought forth by this western Invasion of industry, e a Warsaw lies about 0 miles almost due north of Radom. while the only . iMiuuKD tno souinern county capital approaches bv wav of t fA.i.... t. . J .. . ... i i.nnKurDq, maxing i."e distance by railway more than 1P0 mile. Radom la situated on tha Mlenna. in a sweep of country which breaks Into a low. flat reach toward the north. It Is one of the best, most solidly built towns of Poland, and. un like Lods. it has taken the trouble to reflect the growing wealth of Its busi ness in a neat, well-planned, substan tial outward appearance. The Indus try of Radom has been hampered by Insufficient means for transportation The population of the city exceeda SO. Ooft, nenrly one-half cf which la Jewish. The factories turn out agri cultural machinery. leather goods, other machinery and Iron products Radom Is of importance In Polish his tory, for here several diets were held. Jadwiga, most famous Queen of Po land, was chosen by electors assembled here In J8S2. Here. In 1401. the union between Poland and Lithuania was brought about. At tha third partition of Poland. Radom fell to the Austriana' "m"' U TV" nn"ed to Russia In HOW TO DISPOSE OF THAT WOOD Make. City Kmplavra Pa re has It at SO Cents A bare Market. PORTLAND, July lo.(To the Edl Tr 1 by The Oregonian that the City of Portland haa a large supply of good cordwood and that the Commis sioners had it cut in order to give poor men honest employment to support their families. Very good. I sea Vhey can't sell it for cost. 1 have a sugges tion to make. Let all tha city employes. In all lines, purchase their wood from the city. In so doing they will perform an act of charity to the unemployed and relieve the city of the wood, and this Winter they can help many a poor man by letting him cut wood. I have worked for a number of cor porations and they always Instruct their employes to co-operate with the company. Now. there Is not a single employe In tha city who does not get mora wages for like service than the employe of a private corporation. You would see if all employes would buy and pay BO cents per cord more to tha city, they would be loyal to the town that butters their bread. Has a single city payroll person bought his Winter's wood of the city? If not. why not? J. H. VAM METER. V96 Cleveland Avenue. felts and C seek a. PORTLAND. Or.. July SO. (To the Editor.) I have been requested to ask you for Information, about the descend ants of Bohemians, the "Tchecha." Are they the origin of the Celtlo race? Bomeone said that the Irish and Bo hemians had a reunion at New York of a certain festival of hlstorlo origin. INTKRESTED REAPER. Alt Bohemia was originally settled by Celtic tribes and tha name "Bohemia" Is of Celtic origin. The Celts were suc ceeded by tha Germanic Marcomann! and later by the Czechs. The Czechs ara Slavs and ara not of common ra cial stock with tha Celts. MR. CVMMIXGS BEfFIVE' RKBVKIC fsaatrr Merrsasta Alwara tablet Mall Order Aaaattea Alwaya Er Marks, OREGON CITY, Or, July J3. (To the Editor.) Tha communication of Harry Cummin,-s. of Heppner. In Th Oregonlaa Wednesday is of such a na ture that I would dem It a privilege to ba allowed to reply to It. Mr. Cumminss writes peculiarly Ilk a man afflicted with a malignant case of mail-order-It is. His kind are legion. It must be confesssed. especially amonast the easily deceived and lite misinformed. If it were not so we would not bear of the Immense divi dends being declared annually by Chi cago niail order houses, who thrive solely upon Individuals who sea no honor In their o n country. I have no personal knowledge of conditions In the town of Heppner, but in my wanderings In various Yillae.ee I have met the prototype of "Friend Cumminss" under a variety of circum stances. He la Invariably gloomy. Ills 11.65 shoes hold a bundle of emotions, the chief ona of which Is tha appallinc worry that the "Main-Street Empo rium" made "two bits" on a big trana action with him once upon a time. I encountered another mail order apostle but yesterday in a thriving community in tha valley, lie waa a son of tha soil and his vocation upon this day was the selling of berries. After gaining a contribution of S2 from the leading store to "flx a bridge." ba suc ceeded in disposing of a crate of "six bit" berrlea to the "robber" who con ducted the shop for 11.55," after which he hied himself to the overall counter, where he refused to pay SI for a lead ing brand sold In tha best stores In every city In this country at thia Pi ice. The mail order house quotea overalls at S centa. cut small, of lighter ma terial and made under sweatshop con ditions, all of which mattered not to this "thrifty" trader. Brother Cummmgs elaborates upon tha fart that his Heppner merchant asks SI. 50 for shoes ha purchased at fltS. Verily, his ahrewd al-lllty should command a big aalary outiir of tna connnee of Heppner. I refute the statement that llr. Cum mlngs purchased a pair of i i0 shoes for fl.SS as an absurdity. I deny the allegation that "the largest store In Heppner" refused to make a legitimate and reasonable ad justment of an unsatisfactory pur chase. Hut I sympathize with Mr. Cum minus In his distress In finding the stores of Heppner closed at V. M. How sad that the "long hours" have gone the way of tha "cracker box" and the "pickle bar'l." Friend Cummlngs may "go home, eat his supper, write an order to his mall order house and gel what ha wants at half cost." After accomplish Ir.t this mighty task, let him relax and await the call. Ilia services will be In such demand ha will be able to name bis salary and may possibly soma day ex perience tha novel sensstlon of wear ing a real pair of UN leather shoes. K. W. ROW LA NO. Mlalaler. Caaatry Diet. IIL'BBARD. Or.. July 39. tTo the Editor.) Several weeks ago a noted lecturer of Portland delivered a lec ture t Ihe Smyrna Congregational Church. Being somewhat late at hla appointment, he excused himself by saying. "You country people don I real ize what it means to one from the city to sit down to a table filled with home coolted food. The l;ght. spongy bread, the fresh butter. m:Ik and cream, the freh vegetablea and fruit are all hard to get away from. I know you will ex cuse me for being late." How shall we harmonise the above with the paragraph on The Oregonmn's editorial page wherein you say "City people eat better food, and thereby outlive Ihelr country cousins." I'lease explain. J. ji. VOPER. Moaer at Vale ('allege. Boston Globe. It has been fi.rtire-1 out that w.ien the graduates of IMS at Yale get tlieir cHplomaas the men will b.ive spent 11.079.111 during the four years of their university life. The most affluent mem ber of the class eoent 14500. and the most frugal only :00 In actual cai-h during the fre.'.iman year. Balked by a Radeat. Kx chang a. The I'nlted Statea t!overnme:it was recently balked by a rat. The ro.1ent ate up a complaint on which tha Gov ernment rested Its case for white slav ery In Krsnclseo. BATTLING FOR The Sunday Oregonian Conservation of human life and human health has been the subject of much study and attention in recent years, but most of the effort has been directed toward savin?; the adult human. Now comes an orgranitation that proposes to show that if the Nation is to have better adults it must bep;in by having- better babies. A full descriptive story of the aims and purposes of the orpanieation, together with many useful instructions regarding the care of babies, will be presented in the Sunday Oregonian. A REVIEW OF THE WAR The great conflict in Europe now has been in progress for precisely a year. What has been the cost? What is the outlook for peace? What progress has been made by each nation involved in this terrible war? A complete review of the year's events, prepared by the Associated Press will be offered the readers of The Sunday Oregonian. EVOLUTION OF THE HORSE Do you know that the familiar horse of ordinary domestic use is the natural development of an animal that had toes not unlike the pedal digits of the man of today? Well, this is a fact. It will be explained along with numerous other in teresting details regarding the origin and development of the horse in the Sunday issue. MIGHTY NAVAL BASE IN MID-PACIFIC Little seems to be known even among people along the Pacific Coast regarding Uncle Sam's powerful naval base at Pearl Harbor on Oahu, one of the Hawaiian Islands. Nevertheless this modern naval station is said to be mightier than Gibraltar. A full description of what the Government is doing there with illustrations will be one of the many attractions of the Sunday paper. WHY BROTHERS AND SISTERS DIFFER This is the subject of an interesting and instructive article by Dr. Woods Hutchinson. It is the third of his new series now being printed exclusively in The Sunday Oregonian. It presents the scientific causes of the contrary natures so frequently possessed by members of the same family. OLD ORPHANAGE PASSING OUT Recent researches conducted by the Russell Sage foundation have revealed, it is reported, that the old-fashioned method of caring for orphan children by grouping them in large institutions where they must live according to a strict set of rules must pass out of existence. A new method of caring for such children will be fully explained in the Sunday paper. GERMANS CREATE FRENCH FASHIONS The war has revealed, it is reported from Taris, that the cutters and fitters who created the French fashions that have been the accepted standards of style for so many years, really were Germans and Austrtans instead of French. This interesting discovery will be set forth in detail in the big Sunday paper. PAGE OF EASTLAND PICTURES The Oregonian has secured from some of the best Chicago photographers a number of graphic pic tures of the Eastland disaster. A page of the best amonjj these photographs will be printed on Sunday. OTHER INTERESTING ITEMS In addition to all this the Sunday issue will present the usual attractions that appeal to the reader. Principal among them will be. the "Stories and Pictures for the Little Ones," Donahey's page of fairy tales with illustrations, "Temple'a "Sketches From Life," a few complete short stories, the usual sec tion devoted to sporting news, automobiles, real estate, music, the drama, the moving pictures, society, reports from the beaches and women's activities. Twenty-Five Year Ago from The Orevemsn of July 31. lsn. Washington (Speaker Reed Is con gratulating himself on having found a I;emocratic Justification for ona of tha rules in hie new coda which pro hibits the tnlrrniiimcr.t of dilatory motions. This rule haa frequently been attacked. The fact haa been dug up that in If Samuel J. Randall re ported a rule for the consideration of tha Cowles Internal revenue bill which provided that after tha consideration of the bill bad begun no dilatory mo tion whatever could be entertained. Mr. Reed saya he will ahow thia to his Liemooratlc orponenta and adds demo cratic opposition la as good an Indorse ment as ha seeks. Gervala. Or.. S. W. R. Jones, a well known and rich farmer of French Prairie, has bceik buncoed out of a cool Sl0"0 by a sharp trick. A matrimonial tangle and a louisiana lottery deal figured in the trick. Jones Is 7S years old. He had announced he would make a gift of SIS.ooit to n younc sirl he could win as a w ife. The girl a "broth er" turned tho clever swindle. Springfield. Mass Morritt Edward Gate, president of RoKera College, haa been chosen president of Amherst Col lege to succeed Julius H. Sceley. The First Baptist Church, of East Portland, has tendered a call to Rev. C J. Reed, of trecon City. W. J. Soar.lon will produce "Phane-na-I.wn." the brilliant Irish comedy, tonight, and Monday !"fnmn Thomp son will te seen in "The Old Home stead" at the Marquam tirand. Tha indiKnat Ion of Republican. Con gressmen over Mr. Blaine's Interference In the tariff discussion has reached a belligerent state and a move Is said to be under way to oust him from the Cabinet. n. P. Leach and R P. Klr.c. of Port land, have opened a fine xein of coal on. Halls Creek, saya tha Coquilla City Herald. I-.lxh Harnett eays the coal aasaya higher than any on the Coast. George llxon. of Kelo. Wash., hauled Il.ooo feet of lumber in one load with five yoke of oxen last Mon day. It waa m'.l taken from one tree, the butt of which waa 75 Inches in diameter. Chief of Police Tarrlsh declines to step ilnwn snd out to make way for John W. Minlo. Pamsh asked Presi dent Simon. If he wanted htm to resign and Imon answered: "Not . nles you want to." Half a Century Ago From The OresnJa of Ju!v St. The steamer Kam.y Troup touched at this city yesterday, taking and leaving passengers, on an excurion from Van couver to Oregon City. San KraticUoo, July The ovation to General Rosecreus will take place this evening. C.tixens wiil rendezvous In front of the City Hall at half past eight o'clock, whence they will march to the Occidental Hotel. The proces sion of rltisens nil! he preceded by a platoon of pllre. tha Ninth Infantry bnnd and the Turner Socletv. V. H. L Harms will address the General In be half of the people. Stephens' petition for rsrdnn bss been referred from all the Government ofticers to Secretary Reward, who. It Is satd. has It under advisement to re port it to the President. lxs Anpeles. July II. Tha well of the Pioneer il Company is now t" feet .leep. This morning there was over fret of oil and water In the well. Our oil companies are all very SMtiKtiine of their company ahorl'y .-inking oil In paving quantities. All banks In Boston with the excep tion of the "Traders" hsve become Na tional banka. Notice has been given that tha Com mon Council of the Citv of Portland pioposes to Improve Washington street ftom the west line of Kront street to ihe center of Fifth. The proposed Im provement w-lil he made by planking of the street with four-Inch plar.k. making sl.lewslk of two-Inch plank. an.1 fotir-ln.-h plank for curbing. BETTER BABIES IN-