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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (July 10, 1915)
TITE MORXFN-O OKEG ONI AX. SATURDAY, JT7T..Y 10, 1015. : Bw$nnan PORTLAND, OREGON. Entered at Portland. Oregon, Poetofflce a second-class matter. Subscription Rates Invariably In advance: (By Mail.) Daily, Sunday included, one year. . . . . . .8.tM Ially, Sunday Included, six months..., .3 Daily. Sunday .included, three months. Daily, Sunday included, one. month. . . Daily, without Sunday, one vear. .. 2.20 6.1X1 a. 2i Dallv. without Sunday, six months. . 5 Daily, wUhout Sunday, three months... 1. "o Daily, without Sunday, one month .tm l..V 2 60 a. 00 "Weekly, one year ............... Sunday, ore year Sunday and Weekly, one year..... By Carrier.) Dally, Sunday included, one year...... MOO Daily. Sunday included, one month 73 How to Remit Send Postoffice money or der, express order or personal check: on your local beak. Stamps, coin cr currency are at sender's risk. Give potofflce address in full. Including county and state. Pontage Rates 12 to 18 paxes. 1 cent; 18 to Z'i paxes. 2 cents; 34 to 48 pages. S cents; M to W pages, 4 cents; 62 to 76 pages, & cents; 7H to pages, cents. Foreign post, age. double rates. Eastern Hun lor Office Verree Coik lin. Brunswick building. New York; Verree A Conklln. Steger building, Chicago; San Francisco representative, R. J. Bldwell. 742 Market street. PORTLAND. SATCRDAY. te, 191S. . THE CALL OP THJB LIBERTY BELL. When the Liberty Bell rang out Its - proclamation that the American colo ; nies had declared themselves lnde l pendent, it rang out defiance to ty Z rants and a summons to patriots to : fight. Because the patriots fought j, then and because another generation of patriots fought in 1861-6. the United States is a Nation today. . Had the men of 1776 signed "antl ; enlistment pledges; had the women of 1 1776 sung, "I didn't raise my boy to ; be a soldier"; had the convention ; asked King George to hold a diplo J matic inquiry into the question I whether the colonies should be free, there would have been no tndepend ' ence to set the Liberty Bell ringing again. Had the men of 1S61-6 re fused to fight or the women of those -days refused to let them fight, or the Statesmen of those days tried concili ation when the South took to arms, there would have been no Union to day. Instead there would have been at least two and possibly half a dozen republics,. If some of them 'would not have already been annexed by some --European power. The coming of the Liherty Bejl "should remind us that there are times ' In the life of every nation when it must fight or forfeit its right to con tinue a nation. Ws should do our utmost to uphold our rights without a fight, but when the choice is put clearly before us and the Liberty Bell "Tings its summons, we must tespond . "or go under. ' ' " J : FARM CREDITS. ' The current number of the Inde J pendent contains an article on farm i credits written in collaboration by J Itatph W. Moss, of Indiana, and for- mer Governor Myron T. Herrick, of t Ohio. Mr. Moss points out the vital differences, between a farmer's credit resource and those of a merchant. J Governor Herrick argues. that private co-operation among farmers to secure credit from the banks is better than J Government aid. A farmer who has been fairly successful for a number f of years c&n be depended upon to have two kinds of resources. He will have moiioy in the bank, a few bonds J or mortgages and his livestock and machinery on the one hand. On the t other he will have his land. The firs; kind of property is, upon the whole, as "liquid" as anything the f. crdinary merchant possesses. Some of it is unavailable for quick sale; r some of it can be disposed of on short J notice to excellent advantage. It is y therefore good security for bank credit of the usual sort, or would be if bankers cared to "fuss" with it. Growing crops are also "liquid" in the ' financial sense. They mature rapidly and can be sold readily. But they are liable to the vicissitudes of nature. A crop that promises well on the first of July may be a total loss by the n tenth. Hence no man's growing crop form an unexceptionable basis for credit at .' the bank. But what is true of a sin T gle farmer's crop is seldom true of a - wUule neighborhood. The grain may 1 be ruined on Bmith's farm, while Jones and Robinson still reap an abundant harvest. While -the crops '' produced by any one man form but a shaky bucln for credit, the combined , crops of a. neighborhood are as solid ; as the hills. What no farmer can v hopo to accomplish working by him eel a community can easily accom plish working together, because the resources of the community as a unit t re reasonably exempt from accidents : anc vicissitudes. r This fact lies at the root of all rural 2 ere lit schemes for short-time loans. But every farmer who has a clear title to his land i assesses a competent ; basis for a lorg-time loan. Tills is a : kind of loan, however, which the or dinary mercantile bank does not as a , rule care to make, and the man who , needs it is driven to rely upon profes ' sional mortgage firms with their seri-. .. ous drawbacks and deficiencies. The entirely needless and artificial diffl rcultie surrounding abstracts of title '"frequently deter farmers from at tempting to raise money on their land even when it would greatly improve their business. In every farming community there is enough sound credit basis for all ntcessary short and long-time loan lf it could be utilized. Governor Her ;rick thinks the best way to utilize it U by personal co-operation among the "farmers. Experience seems to show, Jhowever, that some aid from the Gov ernment is indispensable. In France, i.where rural credits are perfectly or ganized, the whole matter is under government management. In Ger "many the rural banks have been fos tered and directed by the government. "Wlth our farmers' inborn reluctance 'to co-operate they can hardly hope to jget along without some such assist ance, though perhaps the amount ac tually needed may be small. - Whatever the Government, state or National, finds it necessary to do should be done promptly," for the question of farm credits is vital and urgent. Oregon soils, like those of .'rtother states, are losing their produc tiveness for want of commercial fer tilizers. The dairy business has come to a pass where it cannot thrive with- out silos, which are expensive. The j fruit industry imperatively requires community canneries, drying plants and marketing processes. For all ..these and numerous other purposes r organized farm credit is indispensable , if the farmer Is to win a fair chance in the struggle for existence. His re sources must be made as mobile, or '"liquid," as those of the merchant be fore he can do business by modern methods, and if he clings to antiquat ' ' ed methods ha can look forward to nothing but toll without adequate re ward and ultimate failure. NEW FOE TO SUBMARINES. Statements that the British navy has not yet found any means of com bating the submarine are in some measure disproved by the announce ment that a contract is to be let in Canada for 160 speedy motorboata capable of carrying two or more light guns. It is supposed that these ves sels could keep the sea in rough weather and could overtake and at tack a submarine before it detected their presence. A pursued subma rine's only chance of escape would be to fight or to submerge and then to escape the vigilance of the watch. The British have also reinforced their submarine fleet by the addition of ten boats built in Canada of parts made in the United States from Amer ican designs, which sailed from Que bec on July 3 under convoy of an aux iliary cruiser. They are about 150 feet long, mount a single gun and have a surface speed of fourteen knots. They carry enough fuel to cross the Atlan tic and come halfway back, hence could duplicate the reputed voyage of a German submarine from the North Sea to Constantinople. The greatest Innovation in their equipment is a signaling device by which they can signal to each other whether on or under the surface. Other flotillas are being built and one Is expected to start for England in a Tew weeks. While the performances of these submarines will be watched for, they cannot do much until the German flet exposes Itself to attack, but most interest will attach to the motorboata when they are turned loose for war. Their adoption is probably one of the fruits of Lord Fisher's appointment as chairman of an inventions board, which Is to organize the nation's sci entific brains to combat Germany. UNDERMINING THE "SYSTEM. A contemporary which was on the losing side in the meter issue is quite convinced that "meters will not down," and the cause of Its encouragement is the willingness expressed by several hundred water consumers that the city buy meters for their premises. The same contemporary was on the winning side in the prohibition issue, and we presume it would be corre spondingly dismayed to learn that there were a few hundred persons willing that the saloons and breweries remain in business. It would be Just as logical to as sume that the state vote on prohibi tion was but a local expression and that those communities which voted wet were entitled to be wet, as it is to assume that the vote on meters is not to be enforced against those who want meters. ' We acknowledge the possession of some opinions on honor and good faith that may be old fashioned, and we cannot escape the conviction that the will of the majority when legally expressed ought not to be undermined or ignored. A 6IGX THAT MEANT WHAT IT 8AID. Two hints are given in an article written by Frank H. Lamb for the Hoquiam Washlngtonian which many towns would do well to take. On en tering Prineville in an automobile he saw a sign reading: "Welcome. Please slow down to fifteen miles -an hour." He wrote: That "welcome" and the "please" Instead of the usual threatened fine caused me to choke off at' once and to step out of the over-drive into a civilized speed ratio. His ready compliance with the "please" shows the superiority of moral suasion over brute force in in ducing people to obey laws as well a in gaining one's ends otherwise. He also found that the "welcome'" meant what it said, for on inquiring at the grocery store for a picnic ground at which to lunch, he was in formed that there was none, but was directed to "go to the end of the street to a certain house, which had a fine grove of cottonwoods, and to go inside the yard and take possession. The faucet was at the back of the house." The party had scarcely commenced the meal "before the lady next door came with a bag of delicious fresh home-made cookies." When he left the town another sign reading, "Good bye, come again," greeted him. Hav ing proved the sincerity of the wel come, he believed this parting word to be equally sincere. By avoiding a peremptory tone in Its speed notice, Prineville made u willing observer of its law. By prov ing the sincerity of its welcome the town made a friend who "will always speak a good word for It. RACE ISSCK IX MEW FORM. By annulling grandfather clauses and other devices adopted by indi vidual states for the purpose of ef fecting discrimination as to race, color or previous condition of servitude in granting the franchise, the United States Supreme Court has declared the Federal power supreme in all such matters. The states may adopt other regulations but none w-hlch even in directly conflict with the purpose of the fifteenth amendment. Should any of the Southern states adopt woman suffrage, they must give votes to white and black alike. Tha power of the Federal Government to enforce the provisions of the Constitution re lating to the franchise and super vision of elections is reaffirmed. . Dating from Senator Quay's suc cessful filibuster against the last force bill, there has been an evident aversion in the North to the exercise of this power, growing out of an innate sym pathy with the situation of the South ern whites, placed among a large pop ulation of an alien race which is less than two generations removed from slavery. As a new generation' has grown up in the North, to which the Civil War and the reconstruction days are but history, a calmer and more Judicial view is taken of the South's difficulties. It is realized that negro enfranchisement, following closely upon emancipation, was a gi gantic but irreparable blurrder. which was committed In the heat of con troversy between President Johnson and Congress and which would never have been committed had President Lincoln lived to guide the work of re construction. As negro migration to the .North has increased and as. the North has been called upon to deal on a small scale with the South's race problem, the North has been enabled to put itself in the South's place and to see through Southern spectacles. This better understanding has become gen eral as business and social Intercourse between North and South has grown. Thus the North has come to tolerate unlawful disfranchisement of the negroes in the South as the only pos sible remedy of averting evil con sequences from a Northern blunder. But there still remains a radical difference between the Northern and Southern viewpoint on the race ques tion. The South shows a determina tion to perpetuate the disfranchise ment of the negro race and to per petuate its position as an inferior race, having no hand in the govern ment. The South fails to distinguish between political and social equity and would emphasize social inferiority by permanently establishing political in feriority. The North generally re gards the Southern negroes in the mass as a race to be trained up for the exercise of full olitical rights. Just as. we have been training the Filipinos, and to be permitted to ex ercise their rights as fast as they be come qualified. In order that negroes may thus become qualified, the North encourages and assists the ne grots In acquiring education, learning trades and to own property. The South, with some notable individual exceptions, discourages the Intellectual and eco nomic advancement of the negro as tending to make it more difficult to keep him "In his place." The South needs the negroe as a laborer, but when he becomes edu cated, and acquires property he Is lost to it for that purpose. If the proportion of educated, property-owning negroes continues to increase, the South will find con stantly greater difficulty in preventing them from voting, for they will be less easily intimidated than the Ignorant plantation hands. Northern sympathy for them will grow, for they will have come up to the Northern standard of fitness to vote. - The North may change its base by demanding the adoption of a general literacy test, applied to it hi lea and blacks alike. It may insist, as an alternative, upon reduction of Southern representation In Congress in proportion to .the dis franchised vote. The effect of the Supreme Court decision may there fore be to bring up the race Issue In a new phase wherein Northern sym pathy will be enlisted In the cause of a negro population no longer Ignorant and brutal but educated and responsible. ONE 801RCK Or ALLIED WEAKNKMM. Germany has won the admiration even of enemies by the successful fight she has so far mad against su perior numbera and wealth, while shut off from the world oversea ex cept on the Baltic. Her success Is due not only to long and ample prepara tion. In which her enemies fell short, but to unity of control and effort. German Generals took charge of rout ed and dispirited Austrian armies, put German soldiers shoulder to shoulder with them, directed Austrian strategy and led the Austrians to victory. Ger man officers reorganized and led the Turkish army and navy and enabled them to sink battleships and to make a Ftand on the Galllpoll Peninsula which has won ungrudging praise from Britain and France. Every blow struck by Germany and her allies tells because every movement is directed by one mind or group of minds at Berlin. Germany's allies do not fight merely as allies, but as troops incor porated in the German army. With Germany's enemies It is far different. While France. Britain and Russia doubtless agree on a certain general plan of action In the central field of operations, each nation retains a greater freedom of separate action than do Germany's allies. The weak ness of Austria and Turkey has en abled Germany to Impose her will on them to an extent that Is Impossible for either France, Britain' or Russia In dealing with the others. There is closer unity of- action between Britain and France, for their main purpose Is one to keep German forces away from the channel and to drive them out of France and Belgium. France's and Belgium's deliverance are Brit ain's safety. The one point at which all three principal anti-Teuton powers act in full concert is the Dardanelles. France and Britain have joined forces to open Russia's gateway to the sea, and Rus sia has co-operated to the extent of the limited power of her Black Sea fleet. The western allies were driven to this step by the necessity of getting war supplies into and food supplies out of Russia by a more accessible port than Archangel or Vladivostok, but Russia has been left to fight the battles in Oalicla. Poland and ad Joining territory unaided except by such war material as could be spared from the west, and this uas evidently not enough. Her allies could surely have timed their attacks In France better to relieve her from the pressure of Germany's tremendous assaults, but they seem to have played Into Germany's handsthough by necessity rather than by choice. When Ger many was driving furiously at Rus sia, France and Britain were compar atively Inactive In the west. They seem likely now to suffer for it by having a greatly reinforced German army hurlad at them. The failure of the anti-Teuton al lies to achieve more success Is doubt less due to the necessity of dividing their forces. France had to protect her colonlea in West Africa and to meet a German attack with a counter attack. Britain could not draw any colonial troops from South Africa, for the colony had to suppress a Boer re bellion and then to conquer the strong hostile outpost from which it sprang German Southwest Africa. Now that the war in that quarter haa end ed triumphantly for British arms in, the surrender of the entire German army, the colonials have more work ahead in the conquest of German East Africa, which is necessary to clear the route for the Cape-to-Catro railroad. Germany made a splendid stroke of strategy In drawing Turkey Into the war, for she compelled her enemies again to scatter their forcea. Ruifela was compelled to send an army to Transcaucasia, Britain to send an other to Egypt for protection of the Suez Canal and a third to the Persian Gulf to safeguard the land route to India, protect Persia and crumple up Turkish power In Mesopotamia. Had Turkey remalnea neutral, the Dardanelles would have been open to all belligerents alike. Since Turkey Joined Germany, Russia has been cut off. and a further division of the al lied forces has become necessary in order to open this waterway. Ger many calculated that the enmltfea among the Balkan states would prevent their Intervention, and so far those calculations have proved correct. There are signs that Germany is playing a deep game with Italy. The latter country has been at war with Austria for seven weeks, but Austria's allies have not declared war oq Italy nor Italy on them. .Yet Italy has formed an alliance with France, Brit ain and Russia, and has received fi nancial aid from them. Were It not for the latter facta, the circumstances would Justify the suggestion that Ger- many regards Italy's attack on Aus tria as no affair of hers and is willing to let Italy take the Austrian terri tory In dispute, if Italy can get it by force. This theory galna some sup port from Italy's failure to aid her new allies on the Dardanelles, though the concentration of 360,000 men near Otranto before she declared war raised expectation that such was her intention. Germany may reason, too, that, so long as her own and the Italian troops do not come into direct conflict, there is no cause for war. Nominally at peace with Italy, she retains the right to import and export goods through Italian ports and has a chance of do ing so through Austrian ports. Then why fight before the necessities of war demand HT Britain's widespread empire, which Is counted as a source of strength to her and her allies. Is at this stage of the war a source of weakness. Her outposts in South and Kast Africa, on the Persian Gulf and In Egypt are so Important that she must make them secure by extinguishing all hostile forces In their vicinity before she can concentrate all her forces In the main field of operations. Not until Turkey Is finally disposed of can Britain call her Kgypttan and Mesopotamlan armies to Europe. Not until German East Africa Is conquered can she use her victorious South African army In France. When all German outposts are taken and all her own. out prw li ars safe, she ran concentrate all her forces on the gigantic struggle at her doors. The closing of the Adriatic cuts Aus tria off from the western world except through Germany. Switzerland la still Olirn to her trad, hut that dnea not 'help much, since the Swiss nrflduct but little warlike munitions for ex port, while they are hemmed In by France and Italy. It wilt keep the Germans busy to supply their own ar mies and those of Austria with mis siles and explosives, but their energy seems equal to almost anything. The Monmouth story about a cow stung to death by bees can be matched and outdone without departure from the straight and narrow way. The mosquito is less fearsomely armed than the bee, but In - the northern marshes she can slay a bear easily enough. Bruin Is worried into a marsh where he cannot run away and then sucked dry. The most veracious trav elers vouch for this account. Visitors to the great San Francisco show are treated nowadays to the rare and wonderful sight of a royal couple dancing for tips. 'This is a singularly Innocent occupation for royalty and remarkably useful compared with its usual pursuits. If Wllhelm and Nich olas would take up dancing and drop fighting, there are few who would withhold a generous tip. Professor Ogburn devoutly hopes that the schools will stop "puttering with literature, music and philosophy" and turn to economics. What would be the gain If they continued to "put ter"? Literature, music and philoso phy have a place In life as well as economics. Must we all go through life with our eyes shut because one child is born blind? The lone bandit who held up a hun dred tourists In Yellowstone Park yes terday displayed ability that could be used to advantage In the ordinary walks of life. Tourist are unarmed, and that helped In the rounding up and frisking, but holding so many vic tims steady must have been a strenu ous job. From the signs of the times we prognosticate stormy weather for Old King Alcohol. The alliance of the Anti-Saloon League with the Catholic Prohibition League portends anything but a quiet life for him. He is a good fighter, but the odds stand more heav ily against him every day. Popular Ide that the tornado's path lies in open country is dispelled by the Cincinnati disaster, as it was by that at Omaha a few years ago. Buildings of ateel withstand the force of the wind, but dwellings are demol ished and loss of life Is great because of the congestion. Canadians are loyal to the Empire and It stands to their credit: but the expeditionary forco of 100,000 over seas la too large a drain on this con tinent. Real fighters, too many will be killed who would otherwise have crossed the border and become good American citizens. A woman at Junction City is mak ing a tr.g fuss because she found nine bottles of Portland whisky in her va cant house, and a man who ssys lie owns the liquor Is making a bigger fuss because she confiscated It. So far the finder is ahead. The Russians have one advantage over both their allies and their ene mies. They can retreat farther than any of them without falling off the edge of their -country, and the pursu ers may find themselves a long way from home. The New York Herald nails the peace-at-any-prlce doctrine with this flat contradiction of Its chief apostle: "The most Important question now is. How ran peace be restored ? Mr. Hryan. It is not. The most Important question is. "How beat csn vlotory tar the rlht be brought about 7" Nothing is made in vain, of course, but when offlcers at Camas the other day poured on the ground forty-five quarts of mixed "booze" the truth of the old saying might be disputed by the man with a thirst. At last a woman has met her match In wordy war. Mr. Bryan had the au dacity to talk back to Mrs. Fields and keep It up, but. never fear, the woman will have the last word. The "kid" who is not an orphan will envy the children frem the Institu tions who are to be given a ride around the McMlnnvllle loop. Mr. Bryan, with some heat, declares he will not talk to women who oppose the Democratic party. Where, then, will he find converts? "Now the submarines are sinking British liners bound to Archangel. The activities of those fellows are ex asperating. The wearing of Ivy in Belgium may soon be as severely Interdicted as the "wearing of the green" once was In Ireland. Does Italy expect to cork up the Auolrian submarines In tha Adriatic ard catch them with a ec'ne? DANGK.R IX LAXD CLASSIFICATION Deaglas -Writer Fears Craat Wel4 B-e Rearrvea te De-frtsseat of CoMtry. ROSEBCRG. Or.. July 7. (To the Editor.) The disposal of the O. C grant lands is l-robably the most Im portant problem this state haa on hand, or has had, for many years; especially is this true of Southern Oregon. Jose phine County, the writer's home, is about half covered by forest rerves and half of the remainder is Included In this grant. Doualas County Is practically In the sama condition; so the solution of this question means either prosperity or bankruptcy the latter If Congresa places the land In reservations, either slate or Federal. The lea of a classification" of the land before disposal seems to have taken a firm hold on most of those who hare sungrsted solution; but over JO years In Oregon, most of which has been spent amontc actual settlers, and a familiarity with the 'grant lands probably equal to any person not di rectly employed in raring for them, convince ma that It would be a mis take to attempt to classify them at this time. Tha classification. If provided for. would be In the hands of so-called technical men. most of whom lack practical experience In farmlnx. and a majority, either through the nature of their colleur training Kedrral bureau connections or an exaggerated Idas of the Importance of conservation, are to tally unfitted for tha work. Any man who has a general knowl edge of Oregon fr the part : i years will inform you that halt tha present cultivated land In (tils stale would have bean :5 years ago classified as non-asrlculturaL The writer was sent In 1 as a correspondent to "write up" Hood Itivar Valley and. accom panied by one of Its most enthusiastic cltisens. spent a week coin, over It; there were only two or there small or chards In the valley: two-thirds of It waa covered with timber as heavy as any on Hie grant I a mis in question. The conclusion arrived at, and pub liohed. wna that "at least a third of this great valky would be excellent orchard land; but most of tha upper valley was so heavily timbered It would never pay to clear for cultivation," and yet I have seen practically the whole valley In cultivation and farms valued at over $1000 per acre where at that time stood fir timber that scaled over 60.000 feet per acre; and the remarka ble thing Is that the hill lands are the best. Suppose at that dale the same men who are now engaged In classify ing the. agricultural lands In the Na tional forests had been sent to decide on the character of Hood River lands Take the foothill lands of Wasco and Crook counties as another Instance, with the yellow pln. fir and scrub oak of JO years ago. "Squirrel ranchers" the misguided se'Mers were termed, and yet they havj been raising It wheat In sufficient quantity to bring several railroads to their doors now for several years. For the above, and numerous othar reasons, I am opposed to any attempt to classify these lands at this time. Leave them open for at lea.it five years and let the nian with calloused places on his hands from contact with the ax and the plow classify them. Give the prospector a chance to classify the mineral lands of Southern Orecon In stead of some Government freak with yellow legKlnits and a toy pick. Leava thene lands open for five years with a reasonable law for their settlement and the non-agricultural land win be till vacant. This land should be sold to the ac tual settler In 160-arre trans at Jl Si per sere and should be handled by the General Land Office, the same as other Government lands. The Federal Gov ernment has no right to speculate on these lands at the expense of Oregon; they were given to the corporation on condition that a railroad be built, and a railroad was built; If the corpora tion had disposed of the lands on tha agreed conditions the matter would have been settled: If tha Federal Gov ernment had not very apparently neg. lected Ita duty n enforcing Ita con tract Orexon would hav been much further developed. My attention haa been called to tha fact that a completed railroad was not all the Federal Government got for these lands. All even sections within this 40-mile strip sold under pre-emption, tiotm-stead commutation and tim ber and stone acts brought It. SO per acre, while lands outside the limit sold for $1.25 per acre: or In other words, the even sections were made to pay tha original value of the lands given to tha railroad company. Three to Aw years residence should be neceaKitry to perfect title. On agri cultural limbered lands a reasonable valuation of probably SO centa or not to exceed $1 per thousand feet should be placed; tha estimate and valuation should be made by tha General Land Office as now made under tha timber and stone art. allowing entrymen free all timber removed in clearing and for Improvements. "Clenrlng" should be carefully defined as the removal of ail timber and underbrush and a certain per cent of the riearlnir plowed Giv the entryman tha right ia sell any and all timber after two years' actual resi dence (this --111 teat his good faith) provLlln? tb- estimated value of the timber, together with li.eO p.- acra for entire tract, ha deposited with tha receiver before any timber la cut ot removed: title to tha land, however, to remain in the Government until rtnel proof ia regularly made. If at tha time of final proof the entryman should not pay the estimated price for tha timber, tha Governrnt should have the rlirht to dispose of It. allowing tha entryman 40. rer cent of any amount received above the estimated value at time of entry. Thta would certainly be an Incentive for the settler to pro tect the timber on bis claim and on surrounding lands. Oregon needs sattlers on these lands just us badly now as w did in 1 when Congresa traded them for a rail, road, and tha opening of this vast area at a low price and reaaonabla terms, no matter whether the railroad or the Government makes the actual sale, would bring thousands of the very lesi clasa of cttlsens to the state. The schools and roads would benefit mora " rapid settlement than by hold ing these millions of acrea. at an esti- om theorist thlnka we ought to get ror M. J. ANUKU-SON. insica vaiua or many millions of dol lare. In the school fund, while wa pray .,ar"r n lumber o enable us to sell classified timber lands at a Kx-Saleasltea Itally. rORTUXD. July t (To tha Edl tor -t The Oaks last July there was organised a "Society of ex-8a Icmltes." composed of those now living In port land who had at any time been resi dents of the capital city. The society elected a full set of officers, with Judare Charles E. olverton as Its pres ident, and made provision for annual gatherings of a similar nature, Tha purpose of this communication la to call attention to tha several an nouneemanta already made that tha an nual meeting of ex-i-alemitea for this year will be held at The Oaks Satur day afternoon, beginning at I o'clock. There will be no arranged programme further than an Informal social gath ering, where everybody win become acquainted with everybody else. If not already acquainted, and there will be no special creeds nor secret passwords. There will be a number of volunteer short speeches by those and such will be present who are disposed toward a display of gabfext. and the whole occasion will be enlivened by a lunch eon, the basis of which will be supplied by well-filled baskets brought by those in attendance. This should not be overlooked. All ex-rialemltea now In Portland or who may be visillns; here are uicpJ to at tend. Many alem people will be down. - X. T. GKER. Twenty-Five Years Ago From Tha Oreaontaa of July 10. JStto Ten carloads of steel rails and two carloads of spikes, etc.. for tha new tracks of tha Multnomah Street Rail way Company's system arrived from the Kast over the Union Pacific yesterday. The same amount of rails and trim mings are on the way, and will arrive In a day or two. The whole will Iy naw tracka on Washington and H. eleventh and Fifteenth streets, and on the Una tha company Is soon to build on Twenty-second street. The freight tariff on tha Astoria at South Coast Railroad from Astoria to Clatsop beach Is : cents a hundred pounds. The farmers of Kagla Valley. Baker County, are willing to contract the sale of their hay at $S per ton. There Is an abundance, as wall as in every aectlon of lha country, and what to uo with their product puaxlaa them.' - Articles were yesterday filed with the Clerk of tha County Court incor porating tha corporation of Inman. r-ouleen & Co.. with 15, D. Inman. J. I'oulsrn and J. Hatfield as Incorpor ator. The object of tha company Is to engage In the mllllna- and lumber business In Fast Portland. The capi tal stock la fixed at ITS. 000. Vancouver Register Several weeks ago a young man by the name of Matt son, of this county, but at work in Portland, swallowed a leech while drinking out of a hose. Aa soon as It got Into his stomach It took hold. The young man went, to a number of lead ing Portland physicians, but they failed to dtalodse tha bloodsucker. Malison waa a robust fw-rue, but within a few weeks he had wasted away very rapid ly. He came to Vancouver and con sulted Dr. J. It, fimith, who advised him to so home and taka this treat ment: (ia to bed and keep full of whisky. Tha young man took a bis Jug of firewater home with him and kept "full" for three days. Finally the leech got full from the alcohol n the blood and let go. Malt sun began to Improve at once and is now aa well a ar. It la said that a number are now trylnir thta new remedy to kill a leech, providing they happen to have one In their stomachs. Half a Century Age From The Oretoolaa of July 10. !S-"3. City Ordinance No. :0S The City of Portland does ordain as follows: fac tion 1. That no horsaa or rattle shall be permitted to run at targe In the City of Portland within tha following limits, via: Between Clay street In the City of Portland and C slraet In Couch's Addition to tha city, and to the east ward of Fourth street in tha Cltv of Portland, and of Fifth street in Couch's Addition. This morning wa present our read, era with a small Installment of Kast ern newa Jlore would have been forthcomlnu had not the atmosphere yesterday been Irk such a state aa to make telegraphing from Yrek to this place Impossible. Thero waa so much lightning south of here during the afternoon that the line could not be worked. Wo shall have news as soon as it will work to Yreka. A special from Washington' an nounces tha death of Mrs. W. . Few. ard. wife of recretary Reward. The articles of Incorporation of the California & Oregon Kailroad Com pany have been Bled at Sacramento ac cording to law. The capital stock la fixed at $I5.nnj.ono. divided into UOOuo shares of $100 each. From Mnrysvllle to the Oregon line the distance Is rs miles. The work of building the road Is to commence the coming Autumn. This road will eventually he extend ed to Portland. As we have often said It Is necessary for the growth of our stale. We hope to see our share of the work begin era long. The Kastern papers announce tha death of Jubat Karlr. Sheridan's dis comfited antagonist of tha chenandnah "the valley of death." The old man died at Lynchburg. V, whither he had fled unattended after hta utter defeat lat March. Ha has now gone lo his final account, and It is for us no longer to judge htm. Feven ox teams of six yoke each and a No. l sixty hundred wagon, each with chains, rovers and everything com plete, for sale cheap, one-half cash, the balance taken In freighting to Maho and Hoise cities. Knapp, IJurrell A Co.. Portland. Submarines Can Be Destroyed THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN Thomas E. Lake, the man who is responsible for many inventions that have made the submarine a powerful factor in the present war, now has perfected a system of destroying the submarines that he helped to create. His method provides for attacks on the undersea craft by means of airships. In a story illustrated with i:a prams ha will explain in the paces of The Sunday Oreponian how his proposed mechanism will work. WHAT GIRL SCOUTS ARE DOING Everyone has heard of the boy scouts and of the wonderful work they are doing in training the youth of the land in the requirements of right living, but few have heard much about the girl scouts, who are doing for the young girls what the boy scouts are rloing for the boys. An illustrated story in the Sunday paper will tell all about this newest and most wholesome organization. RUSSIAN DANCER EUROPEAN" SENSATION How a your.g Russian girl invaded the theaters and ballrooms of some of the prin cipal German cities and how she captivated her spectators by her exquisite dance interpretations of music, is the subject of an interest ing story that has Ju come from the war rone. SOCIAL BOYCOTT TO FOLLOW WAR Even after peace is declared it will be many generations before the European nations now engaged in war will re-establish friendly relations. English. Russian and French people, it is predicted, will avoid the famous German and Austrian spas, nd the Germans likewise will be careful not to go to Paris or London for their vacations. The Oregonian's Paris corre spondent tells all about this social boycott in the Sunday issue. AMERICANS MAKING WAR MUNITIONS How the numerous American factories, ordinarily devoted to the arts of peace, have been turned into busy plants for the manufacture of war munitions for the European nations is discussed from a new angle in the Sunday paper. NEW FICTION STORY A complete novelette, -What They Wanted and What They Got," written by Eugene Ackerman. will be presented in the Sunday paper. It is a story full of timely interest, TEMPLE ON DECK AGAIN Here is Temple with another trio of "Sketches From Life." Each of his pictures is a complete story w-ithout words. Temple understands human nature and knows how to reproduce some of the homely and commonplace incidents of every day life in picture form. OPENING OF TIIE'COLUMBIA HIGHWAY An Oregonian staff writer accompanied the delegation of Portland business men on the trip that served to open the Columbia Highway from Portland to Hood River. He will write his impressions for the Sunday paper. The story will be illustrated. TniS IS LIBERTY-BELL WEEK The historic Liberty Bell wil'l be here on Thursday, and Portland is preparing to do fitting honor to the historic relic. A full-page story will tell something of the Portland plans. ABOVE TnE CLOUDS Climbing snow-capped mountains of Ore gon and Washington is a sport to which an increasing number of peo ple are devoting their vacations. Last Monday a large partv of Mazamas scaled Mount Hood, and another larjre group from the Mult nomah Club reached the top of Mount St. Helens. These trips are the basis of a Sunday article. OTHER FEATURES ALSO The big Sunday issue also will pre sent the customary Sunday features, such as society, sports, automo biles, women's department and the children's pages. TATE MLI VRwTt.D I TCBC9T Writer arKses Ta OrrsM'a Rlgt Tax laad (irasl la lersaaet- POIITUND. July . iTo the Edi tor.) Permit ma lo adj to U--e dally Increasing literary dlacurtlons regard ing tha railruad land srant. -There is a diversity of i,lnl,n- considering and weighing the various points put forth, we can arrive at definite conclu sions and a policy beM luted to so'.ve ealisfnctorlly the problem confronting us. First of all. however, the basis of the issue should be definitely settled and established. In t opialon of kl. V. Littiefield. tHa tlll to llie land srant is held by the Onron oc Cali fornia Ka lro.J -on-pan. while accord ing to Gleno E. Husted. one of the Government attorneys who handled tho case, the railroad can only claim It Interest In the land as oT the date whe . they are sold. Hera is a most vital divergence of opinion, rtefore this point la definitely settled, discussions upon the most de sirable method of the final disposition of these lands can be but of lillle im port, Thvrer.y also the State of Ore gon Is immediately and severely af fected and t!e financial status of a n-imler of our countiea mir be mate ria. ly chanced to their detriment. Tha Orenon As California Kailroad haa refused to pay any takes ever ainco tha Federal t.overnment commenced Its suit auainet this corporation lo de termine definitely lie lep.-tl status of the reinaining lands of the orifiinsl Krant. The consequenca is that aavcrsl hundred thousand dollara Is now aw-aitlng the action of the courts. Tha question is whether tha railroad h' Ids absolute title to Ihe land at a valua tion not exceeding $i'.io per acre or whether It hold only an interest to tha extent of .iu per acre in t-. same when sold. In any rase, the lsnrts cannot be assessed for tnoro than per acre and the counties affectel 'should immediately proceed to read just their claims upon this basis and request the courts for an early decision upon this matter. T:ie opinion of llie court win no doubt have weight witb Conarees. Tha fact that the r"lle of Oregon ln almost io years (.as collected taxes on th.se lands should logically and undispulably establish Ihe fait that the lands are state lands and that the risht of eminent domain rrsia In tha State of Oreaon arid lliat it l.as re. reived thereby tha aquiesceni a of the Federal Government. The right nf taxation once given to the slate cannot he taken at will. Tha Oregon c Cali fornia Railroad Company has broken lha terms of Us contract with tha Fed eral Government: therefore, the pro Vlsoa of the grant's enforceable cove nants permenily enjoin the railroad company from sales In violation of Ihe restriction, but the slate l.m always fulfilled Ita duties by exercising the police power, etc.; tt-.erefore. Us pre rovatlves must be upheld. our ConareNslonal delegation, tha Governmental heads of tha tilate of Oreuon. and of tha countiea directly affected, our principal compiercial and " agricultural bodies, should convene at the earliest possible date and urgently request the speaker of tha House tn appoint at once a special committee to make a thorough Investigation of the situation and report .to Congress, ao tual a final decision may be rem hed at the end of thia year. Kach day of delay may cost this stala considerable money. A special session of the lals lature may then become also an abso lute necessitv, which It Is not now. KKi:i TOPKES. Ieeple W ha Wast 1m firt Thlaara Fee. In the July American Mac-asm a t'nued States Senator writes an Inter esting article about the remarkable mail that he receives. Following is an account of one of the most amusing requests that ha ever received: "The American people are at all times anxious t- secure anything, no matter how worthless, provided It will cost them nothing-. Kvery day's mail brines Its requests for seeds and Gov ernment publications. I have long ad mired tha frankness of the in in who wrote- to me: - -Please put my name ot the mailing-lists for anythtris: that the Govern ment gives away free.1 " Flllag Timber Claim. SALKM. Or., July . The Orcgo l Ian June St. as a result of inad vertence, no doubt, elves a misleading answer to a correspondent. "Constant Reader" asks: "Can a married woman, separated from husband, contemplat ing divorce, file on a timber claim" The answer Klven was. "Not unless de serted. A woman, whether married. ln-lo. wi lowed or In any civil condi tion, can file on a tiniler claim. It Is only us to a homestead that tha re -s'.rlctlon you name la prescribed. F. T. s 1