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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (July 12, 1915)
II 11 M I II II II It II VOL. L.V. NO. 17,045. PORTLAND, OREGON. MONDAY, JULY 12. 1915. I'lticr: rivi: cents. GERMAN RELATIONS AT CRITICAL POINT Washington to Reject Counter-Proposals. CRISIS NOT TO BE FORGED Discussion May Continue Absence of Overt Acts. in OFFICIAL TEXT RECEIVED Secretary Lansing to Go to Cornish to Confer With President. . Von Bernstorff Plans to Make Informal Call. WASHINGTON. July 11. Study of the official text of Germany's reply to the American note on submarine war fare as It affects neutral rights strengthens the conviction of hi eh of ficials that a critical point In the relations between the two countries has been reached. Not only do they feel that the United States must refuse to accept the German proposals for the future con duct of American citizens on the high teas, but the failure of Germany to disavow the sinking of the Lusltania, with the loss of more than 100 Ameri cans. In their view has brought on a crisis the outcome of which It is dif ficult at present to foresee, clearly. Action Delayed Several Days. That there will be no action by the United States for at least another week was Indicated today. Several days will be required to measure fully the con sequences and responsibilities which will be incurred by the American Gov ernment In framing a policy to meet the situation firmly. Secretary Lansing will go to Cor nish, N. M.. within a day or two to confer with President Wilson. He said tonight he would study the note care fully and then communicate with, the President. Count von Bernstorff, the German ambassador, intends to call on Secre tary Lansing In the course of the week to learn informally whether he can oe of any service In the situation. No engagements have been made for a conference, but It probably will take place on Tuesday or Wednesday. Official Tt Arrive. The official text of the German re ply arrived today and was made pub lic It differed in only a few unim portant words from the Associated Press copy which came from Berlin Friday night. The official version was delayed In transmission because of cod ing. Comparison of the two texts re vealed that they were cabled from the same translation and that the As sociated Press ropy In transmission had omitted a few scattering words which did not alter the sense of mean ing. In all quarters here the reply was the single topic of concern. It was authoritatively indicated that obviously there will be no surrender of rights and no acceptance of German proposal to guarantee immunity to American ships under arrangements to be agreed on by the naval authorities of the two countries concerning the marking of neutral ships. Responsibility Placed on Germany. There is no . intention, from indica tions in official quarters, to force a crisis, but in whatever policy is fol lowed the American endeavor will be to place full responsibility on Germany for any subsequent rupture in friendly relations. Since the Lusltania was sunk on May 7 there has been no violation of the principles for which the United States has contended, unless the mishap to the Nebraskan can be Included, and In that case the Washington Govern ment has not finally reached a conclu sion as to whether a mine or torpedo caused the explosion. In the view of many officials, should German submarine commanders, Ahere fore, continue In practice to respect American rights, discussion could con tinue. There were intimations, how ever, that In the next communication the United States most likely would impress on the German government the serious consequences which will ensue from any further Invasion of American rights as proclaimed in the notes al ready sent. WILSON TO CONSULT CABINET Next Step Believed Slapped Out In General Way. CORNISH, N. H., July 11. In the quiet of Cornish Hills President Wilson tince yesterday has been giving care ful consideration to Germany's latest note on submarine warfare. He is be lieved to have mapped out in a gen eral way the next step to be taken by the United States, though there will be no final decision until the situation has been fully discussed with the Cab inet. The note was dispatched from Wash ington as soon as It was decoded today and the President will get into com munication tomorrow with Secretary Lansing and Mr. Tumulty regarding tne advisability of the former's com lng here. It may be that the Secre tary of State will make the trip Tues day or Wednesday and return with the President. BOMBS SUSPECTED IN MULE CARGOES WASIirVGTOX SENDS WTRKLKSS AVAKXIXG TO BRITISH SHIPS. Action Taken on Strength of Letter Written in New Orleans, From Where Vessels Sailed. WASHINGTON. July 11. Warning to look out for bombs concealed in their holds was flashed tonight from the naval wireless towers at Arlington to the British steamships Howthhead and Baron Napier, both loaded with cargoes of mules for the British army, which cleared from New Orleans July S. Sending of the warning was ordered by Secretary Daniels on receiving a telegram from a New Orleans newspa per saying a letter to that paper signed "Pearce" radicated that explosives had been placed aboard those vessels. The radio message was sent broad cast over the sea, and even if It Is not picked up directly by the Howthhead or Baron Napier, some other ship in the neighborhood may relay It. NEW ORLEANS, July 11. A letter received by a newspaper here today signed Pearce declared the writer in tended to kill J. P. Morgan and Sir Cecil Spring-Rice the British Ambas sador, and finish the work of Eric Muenter, alias Frank Holt, who com mitted suicide several days ago after wounding Mr Morgan. It warned per sons who had friends or relatives aboard the British steamships Howth head and Baron Napier to watch for reports from those vessels. The writer declared that It was Muenter who warned passengers on board the Lusitania before that vessel sailed from New York that it would be dangerous to make the voyage on her. It also is declared that Muenter personally called on Charles Fohman and urged him not to take passage on the ship. 0R0ZC0 STILL MYSTERY Mexican General's Bondsmen Say He Will Appear in Court. EL PASO. Tex., July 11. Whether General Pascual Orozco, who eluded civil and military guards several days ago, will appear tomorrow to answer charges of conspiracy to violate United States neutrality laws remained unan swered here today. Ills bondsmen ex pressed the belief that he would be In court at the hour fixed. Likewise Mexican sympathizers of Orozco and General Vlctorlano Huerta were found who voiced the belief that Orozco would forfeit his bond of J7600. It was practically certain that Gen eral Marcelo Caraveo, Frank and Ike Alderete, .under 15000 bonds each, on similar charges, would appear before the United States Commissioner tomor row. STOCKHOLDERS TO APPEAL Fight Announced Against Paying of Defunct Bank's Debts. An appeal to the Supreme Court of Oregon will be taken from the decision of Circuit Judge Morrow Saturday in which the stockholders of the Insolvent American Bank & Trust Company, for merly the Bank of America, were held responsible to the company's creditors for $110,149.04. accord ine to an as sertion yesterday by C. W. Miller, one of the stockholders. No delay will be tolerated. It was said, until steps for the appeal are taken. Mr. Miller, together with G. W. Waterbury, E. C. Knoernschild, S. Logan Hays and John E. Davis, was held answerable for 175,314.04. Judg ment was awarded against L. O. Ralston, president of the defunct in stitution, for $34,200, and against W. A. cjurrle tor d3d. BLAST OPENS BIG TUNNEL First Daylight Shines Through Cut at Mitchells Point. HOOD RIVER, Or.. July 11. (Spe clal.) First daylight was let through the Mitchells Point tunnel this morn ing, when & crew of the Standlfer- Clarkson Company discharged a blast. Before the end of the week the big tunnel will have been completed. The men are rushing to completion the 250-foot concrete viaduct that will connect the west approach at Mitchells Point with the tunnel and make the passage around the difficult point open for traffic AUSTRALIA SETS PRICES Shortage of Food Supply Leads to Government Regulation. WASHINGTON. July 11. Confronted with shortages in wheat, sugar, butter and meat, Australia has resorted to government control of prices according to a report to the commerce depart ment, dated June 7, from Commercial Attache Downs at Melbourne. A protracted drought, one of the most serious in Australian history, and the European war are held responsible. Since the report was mailed the drought has broken. 16 MEN ROBBED BY TWO Masked Men Interrupt Gambling Game in Tonopah Saloon. TONOPAH. Nev July 11. Two masked men, each armed with tw,o guns, held up a saloon here early to day and secured $700 from the gam bling game they Interrupted, from the cash register and from the pockets of 1C men, whom they forced to face the wall with hands up. The robbers also secured a quantity of jewelry. The robbers overlooked a large amount of money In the saloon ale. They were pursued, but escaped. FRENCH OVERLOOK PLAIN OF FLANDERS Commanding Stations on Heights Are Won. HEAYY ARTILLERY IS ENGAGED Fighting of 120 Days Costs Germans 120,000 Men. NIGHT ATTACK DESPERATE Quarter Mile of Trenches in Sou chez Web Is Torn Away Bloody Battles Rage for Weeks on. Short Ten-Mile Front. ON THE HEIGHTS OF NOTRE DAME DE LORETTE, near Arras, France. July 10, via Parts. July 11 After battling 120 days for the hilly country between Bethune and Arras, the French forces are In possession of all the eminences looking out upon the plain of Flanders. Lille, Douai and Cambrat all are visible from here. Every position along the broad na tional road between Arras and Bethune has been won except Souchez. and last night another quarter-mile of trenches in the Souches web was torn away. The attack was made under parachute rocket lights, the French burning bluish white and the Germans greenish white, covering the scene of the des perate conflict with a ghastly glow. Formidable Artillery tees. The most desperate fighting has been along the short 10-mile front from Arras to Alx Noulette. which began March with the taking of a few hundred yards of trenches on the watershed of Notre Dame de Lorette, where there are- the ruins of an old Merovingian military road. Every day since then some sec tion of the German trenches have been taken, lost or retaken. Each side has been employing for midable artillery, both of small and heavy caliber, the French guns being somewhat the more numerous and served with unlimited quantities of hlgh-exploslve shells. Oeraaara Casualties Heavy. A correspondent of the Associated Press today went through five or six miles of the trenches formerly held by the Germans and reconstructed by the French, who now have abandoned them to move forward. Upward of 100,000 Germans have fallen or been captured In these trenches, according to the French offi cial count, since the second week of March. The French losses, the corre spondent was confidentially Informed, while serious, have been much smaller than those of the Germans. There are thickets of little crosses made of twigs tied together marking graves between the trenches. Some of these graves have been torn up by the shell fire. Almost every square yard of this re gion Is marked by miniature craters caused by exploding shells. Spots where shells penetrated the earth with- (Concluded on Pax 3. Column 2., iQ B Q.E11'. g I I I f no beatrice;1-. ":i" . yeC 1 j THE TUJfKS WAVE - NOT BEPH DPiiFM . irr (if FROM COMSTATrJ VI f 'L, r , NOPLE, THOSE H Vkt fiM 7 INDEX OF TODAY'S NEWS The Weather. YESTERDAY'S Maximum temperature. Ts degrees; minimum. si. TODAY'S rslr, westerly winds. Nets. Oermao reply brines relations with United Stales to critical stage. Put 1. llrvsn favor separation of passengers from contraband and keeping out ot war son. I'ae . Americana warned earlr In year by leadlns German editor to "expect attacks by aubmaiinea." Page a. American editors regard German Bote aa disappointing. 1'ase S. Mar. French win poaitlona overlooking plain of Klanders. rase 1. Mcxlre. Men evacuating Mexico City cut down ruth lessly, rase I. NatlowaJ. Republican state leaders aald to favor eon ser stive nominee for President. Page 1. Tangle In Alaska Northern affaire may de feat eahs to Government, l'age . Uemealk. Mturau In camp on Mount Shasta, Page . Evelyn Thaw latest addition to list of those pursued by evil fates of husband's case, l'age 2. Commercial bodies of United Stales to take referendum vote on seamen's law. l'age llaanr aad laduaary. Foreign exchange most notable feature of financial situation.' Page 1 L, Merchants National Bank letter predicts trade Improvement, rage 11. A. L. Mills says whole world must pay for economic loss by war. rage 11. Pacific Northwest. Great crowd flocks to Chautauqua on Ne braska day to hear ex-Senator liurkett and lr. John H. Hoyd. l'age a. Oregon National Guard Inspection Impres sive, l'age 6. Colnnel Hofer urges use ot oil on Pacific H:gheay. l'age t. Upon a. Boise defeats Fpokane and wins Northwest polo championship, l'age lo. City League results: East Side 4. Piedmont 10 Innlngsj; aellwood 10, West Side . I-age 10. Detroit Tigers defeat Boston Red Sox. Page la Pacific Coast League res-jits: Los Angeles Portland l-i; Oakland . fan Fran cisco 1-t; Vernon Salt Lake 4-4. I-age lu. Portland aau! Vicinity. Portland given over to bhrtners for day. I'sge 1. Three big liners due In Portland Harbor this week. Page . Man dies In early morning blase that de stroys hie Lake-street home. Page 14. Weather report, data and forecast, page 13. New bills open at picture-show bouses. Page 7. Nurse from Russian lines In Portland en route to home In New York. I'sge 14. Women approve court decision permitting texhera to marry and retain posts. Page 14. Missionary makes plea for world lo pay debt to Africa fur sheltering of Christ. Page t. Arrangements to entertain visiting Bhrtners stand all testa, despite unexpected ar rivals. Page s. Bhriners conclave almost aa Important lo Portland as lo Seattle, page . ROBBERS EVADE PURSUIT Search for Park Highwaymen to lie Continued Indefinitely. LIVINGSTON. Mont., July 11. Lieutenant-Colonel L M. Pratt announced today that the pursuit of the two rob bers who held up a stage train In the Tellowstone National I'ark last Fri day would be continued Indefinitely. The men so far have evaded pursuit. Holdlers visited many ramps In the park today. The robbed tourists spent todsy at Norrla and will leave the park tomor row at Tellowstone. Mont.- COLONEL BLETHEN LINGERS Physician Cont-lairtly at lied side of Seattle Publisher. SEATTLE. Wash.. July 11. The con dition of Colonel Alden J. Rlethen. edi tor and publisher of the Seattle Times. Is unchanged tonight. Life still Is being; maintained by the use of stimulants. His physicians are with him constantly. THEY WERE IN OUR MIDST YESTERDAY. IS FOB CONSERVATIVE Republican Statec-ad. ers Cao-ioSed. SENTIMENT IS CRYSTALLIZING Borah and Cummins Choice in Progressive States. ROOT FOLLOWING GROWS Rurton of Ohio and Weeks of Mas sachusetts, Also Strong Party factions Vnltlng, With Ant l Kxtrcmlsts In Charge. WASHINGTON. July 11. (Special.)- A canvass of Republican sentiment throughout the country shows that Re publican stale leaders are virtually agreed the ItlC Presldentisl candidate should he conservative. The surprising; feature of the can vass Is that this sentiment seems to be especially strong; In states where Pro gressives hsve been most active dur ing rocent 'year. Republican factions appear to be molding; together, with conservative Republican leaders taking charge. In the progressive states like Iowa. Minnesota. Nebraska and Wisconsin there Is demsnd that the candidate to be named shall be acceptable to the Progressives, and Incidental to this) de mand Is found sentiment for Klihu Root. floras) aad Cm nasal em stress. ' First choice In Progressive ststes Is either Senator Borah, of Idaho, or Sena tor Cummins, of Iowa. The latter seems to be strong- In the Dakota. Nebraska. Washington and Montana. Senator Borah's strength Is more widely dis tributed throughout the country. He Is the choice of the Progressives of New England. In the South and moat of the Rocky Mountain states. Wisconsin Is waiting on Senator I -a Follelte. aa It Is not known whether he will again be a candidate. Cummins has strong; sup port In this state. Scattered throughout the country, but confined to localities, there Is support for Representative Mann and Senator Sherman, of Illinois: Fairbanks, of In diana; Senator Smith, of Michigan: P. C. Knox, of Pennsylvania; Governor Whit man, of New Tork. and others. Sratteaeat' Is erynfalllalaej. About three leading candidates Etthu Root. Theodore E. Burton, of Ohio, and Senator Weeks, of Massachusetts sen timent seems to be crystallising-, ex cept In the South, where the policy of -watchful waiting" appears to have been adopted, the leaders being ready to fall In behind some powerful candi date from the Northern slates. Senator Weeks is strong with bank ing and business Interests throughout the country, and It Is conceded he will get the solid support of the New Eng land ststes. He has a following also In Maryland. In some of the Southern . mic!u1M on I'sge 2. I'olumn ; DEMAND VOICED Sunday's War Moves Till: check which the Russians have Imposed on Archduke Joseph Fer dinand's army In Southern Poland and (he additional strain which this has placed on the German General von Markenaen's army to ihe right has postponed. It Is believed In ml'.llary circles of lh allies, the threatened German offensive in the west, and there la now a possibility that the al lies will be the first to take the of-j fenstve. In support of this It Is pointed out that the attacks by the German Crown Prince's army la Woevre. whlcn the German press announced wss the beginning of a j:encral move forward, have ceased, and the fighting that Is going- on all along the western front j consists of artillery engagements and a few Isolated attacks and counter attacks by Infantry, which make little or no difference In the positions ot Ihe opposing; forces. The British, according lo th French report, have repulsed a German attack. The German reports, however, allude to this aa a British attack, and Berlin says It was repulsed with considerable Ions, The French and German reports are a-enerally contradictory In respect to what fighting- has taken place, but from the trend of them it is evident that neither side has attempted anything- of a decisive nature, and It Is believed that It may be weeks yet be fore they do. 0 far as the Germans are concerned military observers assert they are bound to carry out their offensive against tne Russians until there Is soma decisive engagement, such as the capture of Ihe Lublin railway, which. It is asserted, would have been In their hands before now if the Austrians ad vancing toward the city had not bem driven back- Reports from neutral sources sre to the effect that to make good their ef forts against the Russians) the Ger mans are moving troops which were Intended for the western front to t!ie east. To a certain extent this seems confirmed by the statement In the Russian official report I . at reinforce ments have reached Arch!uke Joseph Ferdinand. and that General von Mackensen aleio began an offensive which, however, broke down under the Russian fire. While the military critics are still undecided whether the Russians make their stand on their present lines or rail bnck to the Bug River, thus abandoning the fortresses ot Ivsngorod and Warsaw, It Is agreed that the counter-attack which they have developed has postponed, for a time at least. Ihe necessity of any further retirement. Tflera Is no confirmation cf a . re ported Italian victory on the Corso plateau, but dispatches ."rem Rome aav the Italian troops are making Rood progress In their work of rapturing the mountain around Trlest. which they hope to take before beginning the advance on the city itself, thus avoid ing a bombardment of the town, which is largely Inhabited by their com patriots. KING COUNTS ON FLEET British Confidence in Oaiconie of Bailie I-:nrcctI to Jcllicoe. LONDON. July 11 The belief that the British navr will win fresh laurels "whenever Ihe day of bailie comes. Is j expressed by King U.orjo In a mes sage to Admiral Jcllicoe. sfter a visit to the grand fleet. "I have the pleasure of seeing the greater portion of the officers and men of the fleet." said His Majesty. "I real ise the patience and determined spirit with which you have faced long months of waiting. I know how strong la the comradeship that links all ranks to. get her. Such a happy slate of things convinces tne that whenever the day of battle cornea my navy will add fresh triumphs to Its old glorious traditions." POPE PRAYING FOR PEACE That "Kvlls of Illlter War May Take Turn Tor nctter. Is Plea. 1 MCNICIf. Bavaria, via London. July 10 An epistle sent by Pope Benedict to Csrdlnal Francis von Bellinger, the Archbishop of Munich, and to the Ba varian bishops was published today in the diocesan papers. The pontiff prays that "God may rrrant that the evils of this bitter war may take a turn for the better." The Tope cherishes the hope that God will be "moved through the Joint prayers of the faithful to fulfill the fervent plea 'of all. and that he will grant the blessings of a craved-for praca under which Europe's troubled people may long prosper." PECULIAR PACKAGE FOUND Big Cartridge Wrapped With Wire Is Addreed to White House. BALTIMORE. July 11 A small paper-wrapped and cotton-padded pack age was found by a policeman under the Pennsylvania railroad bridge at rattrrson Tark avenue and Eager street here Saturday. On the wrapper was written "White House. Washing ton. Dl C explosive" On examination it proved to be a cartridge about six Inches long, appar ently of the kind used In machine guns. About the cartridge was wrapped a fine filament of copper wire. TRAWLER ESCAPES SHELLS Submarine Attacks Without Warn lof. Killing One of Crew. LONDON. July 1J. The Grimsby trawler Fleetwood reached Ser home port today, battered by a German sub marine. One of the crew was killed and several were badly wounded. The submarine, without warning, fired nine shells at the rawlar, ac curdinc to the crew. Gin IS SHBIHEBS FOB LIVELONG DAY Fez-WearersComeWith Bands and Gaiety. ALL ARE GREETED ON ARRIYAL Auto and Boat Trips Provide Principal Entertainment. MUSIC ENLIVENS FESTIVITY One Party Taken Cp Colombia -by Steamer, Another Along; River Highway by Motor and Change Is Made at Unronts (iorcr. All that was ncce.ary was a red fere That was enough to throw down Ihe proverbial bars of restraint to lha wearer In Portlan yesterday. And the wearers of such were mor-t numerous. They seemed lo crop out with Ihe dim dawn of the early twi light a ion it with the lark and the mornlnR.g lory. First on the horlxon v. ere the bright colored fexxes usually worn at a Jaunty angle on the back t.f the head with the mystic symbol -.l Kader" let tered across Ihe front, Th.vt betokrnet Ihe fsct thst the wearer lived In Port land, and that he Mas a member of the Portland Icmrie of Mir in. is. Iceslrc Iralaa Met. As a rule when ut.e of th.eo Al Kader fexxes appeared on Ihe streets along about breakfast lime it was headed in the direction of the railroad stations. About the time the ivrns. iiluc:i taaa rolllns over In bed for his rilora ary Sunday morning snoose, another great crop of fecres i;..ril. They bore stranue smtule In the place of the familiar "Al Kador" and all Cay lor.g these strange 1 sxes with ih.ir unfamil'.ar rr.U. l. Wei l pouring Into lo n. VII Pe.le.le lleatrnaealeel. First ,f sill cs me the Kj;i fioin Reading. Pa.; tl-.er. followed (he Pra tm.U fioir Bridgeport. I'onn : I lie He.Wa from Pallas, Trx . the Ahdallshs from lrfirno!iii, Kan; the Iris lr-m r-alina. Kan.: the i:i Koraha lium Hol.e; the Kl Kalahs fioin Salt lw k t'it: Ihe Tangiers from n.la. (li. l.l Jebela from lenver: the Jrruilnri from New tMl.ans. and e. ot.s of indi. Vldual fesxes. conwplcuoti s ttccause tlir:r exnboli,- lci:crli. were unwUe ar.y of Ihe others in the gteat ;ioU. These Individuals represented tl "stra" weareta who are (rorreciing tj inn nilshty Shrine cor.rlave at Seatt.e al r-e and in unor.aniied force. liut whether they came alone cr In organised force they did t,ot escape the vibllance of Ihe Al Kader nol!e "Jio were determined lo prut i.Ie ample rntertalu:t-i.t for all of their kind h., wandered this way. Islrrtnlsairsl la Pr-et lea). The Vnl. rl.lnin. nl took the form or automobile, il.lr. through tie ir,i...p..l scenic re. tionn of Portland and lis cru Iron, with a nn-al served wh.newr meal lime came a u.l whertwr Ihe l .ur Ists happened lo be. Nearly every visiting tea wearer was accompanied by a . Imimin r.-mli.li.e relative. sTal! dressed arid usuai: adorned Willi a wond.iftil aortmei.t of Ladies and emblems collected at previous stops alone the route, and not Infrequently carrln.i; ultra llir pen nants proclaiming her particnia- tem ple of shrlnedom and the city In whl.h It has Its home. Band Kae-orla Iteadlaa Tessplc. Ralah Temple, with its party of Zla men and women, lost lulls lime after arriving at the I'nion Nation soon after 7 o'clock. They went directly to the Multnomah Hotel, where they had breakfaet and were ready at t o clot k for the sightseeing; excursions that the Al Kadera had planned for them. The Al Kader band and uniformed patrol and an Industrious committee headed by K- J. Jaeger escorted them from the station to the hotel. Automobiles were there lo crry all Ihe visitors. This patty was kept on the move aJl !ay. They returned to the hotel for lunch, but started soon thereafter for a trip out the Columbia River llitchway. At Oneonta Gorge ihey exchanged places with the l'enver and Omaha groupa and returned lo Portland late In ihe afternoon by steamer. They left at midnight ou the final leg of their transcontinental lour to J-ealtle. taaaeellest Iseleaailem larxr. Pyramid Temple, of Bridgeport. Conn., brought on Its special train a large party, including nearly 100 women. The Al Kader band and patrol moved back from Its trip to the Multnomah with be lUJaha la double-quick time and formed another escort f r the New IZnrland visitors whom they es eorled to Ihe Oregon Hotel w hence Ihcy departed in mld-mornlnc for the auto mobile toura through the West Side business district. Their trip landed them at Ihe automobile club at r.oon where luncheon was served on long tables under Ihe trees. They con tinued up the highway after lunch and reached Oneonta gorge In lime lo Join the Rajahs on the down-river trip on board the Dalles City. With pennants flying and band plat ing the big l-car special ot Hella temple of Daj:ss rolled Into the North Bank station at noon. It was a live bunch Ihie Dallas delegation. They had a patrol in neat ml'.llary attire and a band that made the echoes rtr.g be. tv.-r&Cjued ,& seS t, Co.uoa ' i