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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (July 5, 1915)
6 THE 3I01.XIXG OREGONIAN. MONDAY. JULY 5, 1913. PORTLAND, OKEGON. Entered at Portland. Oregon, Poatofflce as econd-cluj matter. 6ubcnpUoa Rates invariably In advance: , (By Mall.) Daily. Sunday included, one year 8.K JJally. Sunday included, six month.... 4.25 Dally. Sunday Included, three month!. . 2.25 Dally. Sunday Included, one month..... .7- Daily, without Sunday, one year 6.UO Daily, without Sunday, six months B -5 Daily, without Sunday, three months... 1.75 Daily, without Sunday, one mouth. . . . . .tto Weekly, one year 1.5 Sunday, one year 2.60 Sunday and Weekly, one year. ...... 3.50 (By Carrier.) Dally, Sunday Included, one year 9.00 Daily, Sunday Included, one month..... .75 How to Remit Send Postoffic money or der, express order or peraonal check on your local bank. Stamps, coin or currency are at sender's risk. Give postoffice address in full. Including; county and state. Postage Rates 12 to 16 pases. 1 cent; 18 to 32 pases, t cents; 34 to 48 pages, a cents; CO to 60 pages, 4 cents; 62 to 76 pages. 6 cents; 7S to U2 pages, 6 cents. Foreign post age, double rates. Eastern Business Offices Verree Conk lln. Brunswick building. New York; Verree A Oonkiln. Steger building. Chicago: San Francisco representative. H. J. Bidwell, 742 Market street. PORTLAND, MONDAY. JCXY 5, 1915. MAKE IXITALTT YOIR ANCHOR. The crimes of Frank Holt are the fruits of prevalent mental excitement on the subject of the war. "When men's minds are engrossed and when their passions are aroused by such portentous events, it Is Inevitable that some persons lacking: In self-control will permit passion to overpower rea son. Holt's crimes are simply the latest and most sensational of several similar acts arising- from this cause. One was the sending- of a threatening letter by an Austrian to President "Wilson. Another was the false state ment by Stahl that he saw cannon on board the Lusitania. In a different category may bo placed the destruction of a bridge at Vancouver, B. C, and the attempted destruction of one at Vanceboro, Me., and the recruiting of men for the British army at San Francisco. The two last deeds were reasonable acts of men who deliberately set their devo tion to Germany and Britain respec tively above the allegiance due to the United States.. Their acts obviously helped the country, they wished to serve. The deeds of Holt and the other men first mentioned were so absurdly ineffective to serve any rea sonable end, in fact were" so clearly inclined to have an influence the reverse of that desired, that they could only have sprung from an un balanced mind. No rational man would suppose that a threat could Induce Mr. Wilson to change his policy or that a bullet could change Mr. Morgan's business courses. Had the bullets been fatal, Mr. Morgan's partners would doubtless have con tinued without change the financial operations to which Holt objected. Holt's crimes and other crimes to which we have alluded are a warning to all American citizens, whether native or foreign born, to keep heir neaas level in inese times or excite ' ment. They can best do so by holding fast to the anchor of loyalty to the United States. The Issues at stake in the war are so tremendous, events are of such absorbing interest and the pull of native land and of kin. or merely of sympathy. Is so strong that even the native-born can with difficulty prevent his loyalty from being overborne. This is illustrated by Holt's crimes, for he was born In the United States. How much greater must be the strain on those whose minds are daily filled with pictures of childhood's home devastated and of loved ones slain or wounded. When sympathy for native land and hatred for its enemy sug gest words or deeds which would compromise them as Americans, good citizens will check them selves with the thought that they are Americans, that their home, family and fortunes are In the new country which they have sworn to defend and mat. L ii e uia luuiiu y la uul x sweet memory. . , Holt himself is the strongest proof of the wisdom which moved the men who caused this Independence day to be named also Americanization day. Though American-born, he is not an American at heart, or no sentiment for a foreign nation , could have prompted him to be false to his coun try. It is well that on this day every naturalized citizen should take part in the public observances, should re call to mind his oath of allegiance and should .realize anew the obligations it Imposes upon him. Then he will know that he cannot be true to a dual allegiance; that, when he took that oath, he once for all chose the United States as his country; and that for him the United States is above all. OREGON, THE DAIRY STATE. During the year 1914 a butterfat test was made by the breeders of Jersey cows in the. United States, and the official announcement of the win ners has just been made. There were 17 cows that produced more than 800 pounds of butterfat, the minimum limit set. and four of these are owned in Oregon, including the winner of the first prize. This great honor comes to St. Mawes Poppy (219992), owned by Edward Cary, of Carlton, Or. Her record of 938 pounds and 9 ounces was closely approached by a half sister, St. Mawes Susy (219991), also owned by Mr. Cary. Her record was 937 pounds and 12 ounces. The W. S. Ladd estate received a gold medal for Mary Adelaide (231651), her record being 856 pounds and 10 ounces. Three other Oregon cows, all owned by Mr. Cary, also received prizes. St. Mawes Zoe (231651), established a record of 806 pounds and 7 ounces; St. Mawes La vina (253434), took the first prize In the 3-year-old class, with a record of 763 pounds and 5 ounces, and Gertie's Fern Princess, a 2-year-old, took second prize in her class, her record being 625 pounds and 3 ounces. Of the seventeen awards made for producing more than 800 pounds of butterfat four came to Oregon cows. It is predicted that Oregon will furnish at least twelve cows in that class this year and it is interesting to note that Oregon has more Jerseys on test for register of merit than any other state in the Union with the single exception of New Tork. There must be a reason for such a. sweeping victory in the Jersey class and it Is not difficult to find. First we must give credit to Jersey breed ers. No state has breeders superior to those mentioned and many others who might be named. They are men of ability, integrity, progress and "cow sense." Without the latter nobody can succeed in the business. With the aid of these men superior breeds have been built- up, families or strains of Jerseys that stand at the very top. But after all is said the breeders . never would have at tained the success they have had it not been for the ideal climatic condi tions prevailing In Oregon to further their aims, ambitions and labors. The Oregonian has said so much along this line, and has said it so often, that it seems almost a waste of time to say again that Oregon ought to be and one day will be the banner dairy state of the Union. Oregon is the dairy cow's heaven, if there Is such a place. It is doubtful if there is any territory in the world where the dairy cow will do as well as in the favored parts of Oregon. We are forging ahead very fast In the dairy business, but we cannot go too fast. That is one business that will not be overdone in this century, perhaps never. It may not always be as profitable as it is now, but no man who Intelligently pursues the dairy business under our best condi tions need ever fail. When the existing number of our dairy cows is multiplied by five, which will perhaps be far sooner than many believe, Oregon will be upon a plane of prosperity which but few states can ever reach. For where the dairy cow rules poverty hides. The two, poverty and the dairy cow, never go together. SCGAK COATING. Tax Commissioner Galloway's en dorsement of the Bingham tax limita tion law offers opportunity to point out the difference between the exist ing tax policy In Oregon and the pr ex posals of the single taxers. Taxation is now recognized only as a means of raising needed revenues and of dis tributing the costs of government equitably. The Bingham law places an emphasis on "needed revenues." It puts up the bars against extrav agance, carelessness and the levying of all the taxes that property will bear without regard to revenue neces sities. Single tax makes no accounting of governmental needs. - It proposes to give taxation a new function the gradual enforcement of a revolution ary economic policy. Its primary pur pose Is to deprive landowners of the benefits of ownership. It is the an tithesis of the Bingham law. . Although the four single tax meas ures that have been submitted in Oregon have been sponsored by men who subscribe fully to the socialistic ultimate of single tax, not one has been supported by sincere argument. They have been proffered as funda mentally tax reforms when their real purpose has been expropriation of land. Appeals to cupidity have been their mainstay. The most. popular ef fort has -been to show what this man would save at the "expense of that man. Possibly we shall not escape the same character of campaign another year, but in the light of past attempts at deception it is well to emphasize that the half-baked rural credits scheme attached to the latest product of the single tax bureau is incorpor ated only to, cloud the main issue abolishment of private ' land owner ship. THE WRONG ROAD. Samuel Gompers, speaking for or ganized labor, has made broadly in clusive demands upon the New York Constitutional Convention. Articles that labor desires would recognize the proposition that labor is not a com modity and would provide for the initi ative and referendum; freedom to boycott; accident, invalidity, sickness, unemployment and old age pensions; the- eight-hour day on public works; abolition of capital punishment; abso lute freedom of speech and press, and exclusive Jury determination of abuses; elimination of court power to declare laws unconstitutional; and the right of cities to engage in in dustry. Mr. Gompers is asking a great deal, probably upon the certainty that the conservatism of the convention would grant no one of the particulars of his demands if it were presented alone. A man of strong political acumen, even though favoring all the demands. would not care to see them all in corporated in a constitution to be submitted to vote in New York Just at this time. The convention was called by less than 27 per cent of the normal vote for candidates in the state. This does not indicate a widespread desire for radical changes in the funda mental law. The revolutions Mr. Gompers pro poses will come singly if at all in New York. Labor must look to sym pathizers outside its own ranks to carry it3 points, and it is hardly con ceivable that a sufficient number could be found to carry the whole labor programme, should the conven tion submit it. Unpopular sections of a submitted proposition often defeat other parts which standing alone would be approved. But importunities for radical changes come not alone from organ ized labor. Plans have been proposed to abolish the Legislature or to make it uni-cameral; to centralize authority in the Governor or to take away most of the authority that he now pos sesses; to extend home rule to cities or to destroy what little exclusive authority they have. New York is so constituted that probably the only road to radicalism or progress whichever one prefers to call It lies by way of a provision making future submission of amend ments comparatively easy. Revolu tions come more readily piecemeal than otherwise under our form of government. TRADK BALANCE GROWING. ' The balance of trade in favor of the United States for the fiscal year ending June 30 will be well in excess of $1,000,000,000, according to the Commerce Department. For the eleven months ending May 31 it was 3983.117.479. and for June it was about J60.000.000 for the thirteen ports which handle 90 per cent of our export trade. Thus it may reach $1,050,000,000. In the eleven months imports decreased 12.5 per cent and exports Increased 13.2 per cent. Our Imports in May were $142,284.- 851. as compared with $160,576,106 in April and $164,281,515 in May. 1914 Imports have been increasing month ly since December until May, when they fell below the March total. Imports in May were $273,765,093. as compared with $294,470,199 in April, and $161,732,619 in May. 1914 and wore the largest for May on I record. The excess of exports over imports for the month was $131,483 242. Gold continued to flow into the country in May, Imports having ex ceeded exports by $29,85 8,757, but for the eleven months Imports were $119,227,015, while exports were $143, 402.160. Probably by June 30 the total of. imports had exceeded the total of exports. "The flow was out ward during the first but Inward dur ing the last six months. GROWTH OF NEW YORK CITY. New Tork state has been taking a census, which has given rise to dis cussion as to the population of New York city. The newspapers have esti mated an increase of 1,000.000 over the Federal census of 1910, but Walter Laid law, writing to the New Tork Times, arrives at the conclusion that the increase in the last five years has been 828.919 and that the popula tion on June 1 was 5,695,802. He estimates that a little more than half of the Increase between 1900 and 1910 came from foreign born population, but that the bal ance has turned the other way in the last five years, for he places the gross) increase in that period at 333,919 foreign-born and 570.000 native-born. The average annual excess of births over deaths is placed at 33.818 from 1901 to 1910 and at 56.664 from 1911 to 1915. The opening of new subways in the census month is welcomed as de creasing the density of population in the center and as increasing the dens ity in sparsely settled sections. This tendency is welcome, for it is ap palling to contemplate the conse quences to national health, both phys ical and moral, of millions of people crowded together in congested areas. At the same time there Is room for speculation as to what area suoh a city would cover If each family were to occupy a separate house surround ed "by a small garden, as in Portland's suburbs Would not cities then be come so unwieldily big that their growth 'would necessarily cease? The answer is rapid transit, which is be ing furnished on a scale cver dreamed of a century ago. STATE LITEIUTl'RES. North Carolina has one of the most active historical societies in the country. It is particularly noteworthy for the attention it pays to the current literature produced by North Caro linians. All their publications are treasured by the society and It also keeps account of everything referring to North Carolina that comes from the press. The historical society not only gleans the remnants of history from the past, but it stores up the records of the present as they are made and thus provides that there shall be something more than rem nants for the next generation. North Carolina is much like Oregon in the respect that its people have strong local pride. They are not merely Americans. They are North Carolinians, Just as many of us are Oregonlans first and foremost. State pride is an innocent relic of that old belief in state sovereignty which once was the bane of the country but has now become a thin and harmless shadow of itself. As long as It does not seek to make everybody but "na tive' sons" ineligible to political office no serious fault will be found with it, though when state pride goes to ex tremes it is sometimes a little absurd. The North Carolina Historical So ciety gave an instance of this absurd ity when it lamented the lack of a "North Carolina literature." Any ex clusively state literature would neces sarily be provincial and probably nar row and fanatical. The little topics that interest a few parishes and no body else would be exalted, while the real concerns of humanity would be neglected. There Is always danger that a purely state literature will be 'Old Grimes in the Gun Room" and little more. A few always think it is the greatest in the world. Everybody else smiles at It. We sometimes hear people talk about Oregon literature with upturned eyes and bated breath as if it were of miraculous . worth. Some valuable books have been written in Oregon and more will be produced as time goes on. but what is worth while, in them is National, not sectional. It Is the task of our local authors to bring to light the universal qualities in Ore gon scenery and people. Local traits are valuable material to work upon, but If it remains merely local when the writer is through with It he might better have let it alone. Paul wrote a letter to the little church at Corinth which turned out ultimately to be a letter to the whole world. When Oregon and North Carolina writers learn to speak through their parishes to the human race there is some chance of their becoming great. As long as they beat their breasts, like Carlyle's Polack, "and exude nothing but parochial vanity their productions will have only parochial value and precious little even of that. PLAYING THE GERMANS' GAME. Events of the next few months will go far to decide whether the war is to be prolonged for several years or is to be brought to a close within the three years assigned to it by Lord Kitchener. The present course of Germany and Austria betrays a pur pose to destroy the Russian army, if possible, and to render her power less for a new offensive until entirely new armies have been organized and equipped, then to fall with their whole strength on France, Britain and Italy France and Britain appear to have been playing into the Teuton's hands by not beginning a general offensive and relieving the Russians. It is I conceivable that they can have done so deliberately; the only other conclu sion is that they lacked the means. Statements of the strength of the French army confirm this conclusion. It is enough to hold the line, to under take local offensives, but not to make a successful general attack or to make a local mass attack such as that made by the Germans at Ypres last Fall The British are reported to have 750,- 000 men In France and Belgium, but they do not press forward and they continue to occupy, with the Belgians, a narrow front from the sea to La Bassee. The inference is that the supreme necessity of preventing Ger many from reaching the French coast has prompted the massing of these troops in great depth along this nar row front. But Britain has 3.000.000 men enrolled. Why is not another million sent to the continent in order, with her allies, to gain an unques tioned superiority? ere this done Germany might continue the drive against Russia only at the cost of valuable lost ground in the Weft, and the aliles would get the benefit of their superior numbers. As it is, Ger many appears first In the east, then in the west, always with superior forces. Germany plays on a Urge scale the same game which Napoleon played on a small scale against the Austrians in Italy the game of de feating a divided enemy in detail ith an army superior to each hostile army and of greater mobility. Kara George played the same game when he led Serbians in rebellion against Turkey. He' dashed first to the Drina River on the west, then to the Morava on the east, and defeated two Turkish armies which, if combined, would have great ly outnumbered his forces. The allies know all these things, and the only explanation of their strategy is that their generals cannot help themselves. British soldiers did not receive uniforms until they had been three months" nor rifles until they had been nine months In the ranks. Only now is Britain doing what Germany did a year ago and what France did last September or ganizing the whole nation for war. for the production of arms and ammuni tion on a lavish scale. They did not attack because they had not the guns and shells with which to attack. It is folly for writers on the allied side of the case to seek comfort In the theory that, by permitting Ger many to drive, alternately at the east and west, they are encouraging a wearing out of the enemy. Of course Germany is reducing her own strength, but she has reduced that of Russia in much larger measure. The allied cause is not helped much by the capture of 560,000 Russian prisoners. 332 field guns and 670 machine runs, irrespective of the immense number killed and wounded in Gallrla be tween May 3 and June 27. A bom bardment such as those by the Ger mans on the Dunajec and San rivers causes far heavier losses to the de fenders than to the assailants, for It kills, wounds or reduces to impotence all within the sone of fire. At this rate the wearing-out process Is more rapid with the allies than with their enemies. If even now the French and British were to begin a general attack or a number of heavy, simultaneous local attacks on the German lines, they would do their cause far more service than by leaving the Germans free to exhaust themselves" In driving the Russians out of Poland and cutting up and capturing the Russian armies. .That species of exhaustion has a highly exhilarating effect on a nation at war. As the war continues and as its financial demands Increase, , the amount of American securities thrown on our market la likely to exceed the amount of our trade balance. The belligerents will offer higher Interest In order to Induce sale of other securi ties and reinvestment in war bonds. Much, of the surplus capital which now Incumbers American banks and shuns investment in new enterprises until the world settles down Is likely to be absorbed in this manner, for a general selling movement will make prices attractive. It Is possible that before the war ends the United States may nearly. If not entirely, wipe out Its foreign debts and become absolute ly Independent financially. John Roman Is a Janitor, and a good one. Men about him say he is the best they ever had, but that Is not to the point. He Is a native of Po land and has been In this country many years. He does not drop the hyphen today, for he has never used It. "I am an American!" has been and is his proud boast. This Nation needs a lot of men like John Roman, to become American citizens, with pride In their country. One must admire the gTlt of the little band of men who persist In holding the county fair at Gresham. Sometimes the elements are against them, but a deficit never feazes, and they come up smiling with arrange ment for another and better exhibit next time. Such people make pros perity for their little city, despite Its location In the shadow of the metropolis. Almost anybody would be kind enough, without Instructions from Chief Justice White, to tell Huerta what he must d to secure freedom from molestation by Federal officers. Simply obey the law. Sweet Home (hlc), in Linn County (hie). Is oil right. It Is the only (hlc) wet spot for miles around, and has a carload of beer, containing 7560 quarts. Whoop! 'Rah for the Fourths If Colonel nofer, erstwhile noted rainmaker, has not lost his cunning, there is opportunity for him In Southern Oregon, where forest fires are becoming dangerous. Having nowhere else to go with out dodging submarines, shells and bullets, the tourists are at last com ing West. They will wonder w hy they did not-come before. With a little nest egg of $30,000. 000 to fall back upon Miss Barker will be able to experiment In domestic science without worrying about ex pense. Evidently Mr. Cronkrite imagined that he had married his wife's whole family, but Mrs. Cronkrite placed i limit on evidences of family affec tion. The Russians are giving the Ger mans a dose of their favorite medi cine, so they should not make wry faces at It. Since thieves are stealing tomb stones in cemeteries, the hardware men would better rechaln their grindstones. German submarines must have bases somewhere, and the Britons are very slow in finding and destroying them. The son of a steepleclimber who follows In his father's footsteps Is bound to rise to dizzy altitudes. One Belgian and five British steam ships sunk In a ,day Is a startling record or submarine activity. Portland had a sane Fourth yester day, with nobody at home. Today may be different. The United States was 139 years old yesterday and able to sit up and take nourishment. Today, all ere Americans, for the hyphen was swatted yesterday. You will have to excuse use of the hyphen In the case of Holt. If Huerta does not like Jsll life he should blame Orozco. Most of the city streets resembled Front street yesterday. The weather folk h!t it off Just ! right European War Primer By Nsllossl Geographical Borlety. Over the hundreds of miles of body strewn battlefields in Europe no more deadly spot could be found during re cent fighting than Just to the north of Arras, where for more than a month and a half the French have driven home Innumerable fearless, determined as saults against almost Impregnable field works. "More lives have been lost to the square yard of fighting area here, according to dispatches, than upon any other part of the endless battle line. Arras, the point from which the French have been strongly forcing the fighting. Is the capital of the French department of Pas -de -Calais. It Is one of the oldest and most Important towns of Northern France, and Is situated on the right and southern bank of the River Scarpe, at Its Junction with the Crlnchon. partly on heights and partly in a fertile plain. A low line of heights extend to the north of the town, where the present German lln runs almost due north to Tpres. in Belgium. Arras is one of the principal stations on the French Northern Railway, being about 117 miles distant from Parts by rail. Brussels lies 97 miles to the northeast of this advance German outpost, while the Important city of Amiens la t miles to the south-southeast. One of the leading gratnmarketa of France was held in this busy city be fore the war. It Ilea well in the center of a rich agricultural, grazing and In dustrial district, and has always been Important for Its trade and manufac tures. Chief among the factory prod ucts of Arras were beet-sugar, agricul tural Implements, hosiery, lace, pottery and leather. As eaily as the fourth century this little town was famous for tta woolen manufactures, a fame that it has lost to the great woolen centers of Britannia across the water. It later became famous wherever luxury held footing for the manufacture of tapes tries. Some of the most beautiful worked hangings were produced here up to the lSth century, and so superior were the tapestries of the place that they were commonly known as arras. The commerce of the city Is Important In grain, flour, oil. wine and brandy products. The lower town was compactly built. its generous-appearing homes being constructed of hewn stone. Most of the streets were laid out broad and straight, and Arras made an impression of prosperity and progresaiveness upon the visitor. There were a number of nee squares, bordered by beautiful pub lic buildings. It had a population of 25.000 at the outbreak of the war. a population to which bitter necessity was unknown. Many an Important action In North ern France has been fought In and around Arras, a site where the Latin. Celtic and German elements have strug gled since the foundation of Roman empire. The city belonged to the Span- lab branch or the House of Hapsburg until 1(40. when Louis XIII of France captured it after a long, severe siege. It was ceded to France by the treaty of the Pyreneas. The French revolution and the Invasion of the Germans In 1S70-1S71 caused much suffering among Its people. Arras was the birthplace of Maxtmillen Robespierre, the Inspired leader of the "Terror" In Paris, and also of Joseph Lebon. originally of the min istry, who led the celebrations of the horrible rites of the revolution In his native city. Frlall. Frlull. which district the Italians claim to have completely overrun, is the lowland and hill region at the head of the Adriatic Sea. In ancient times one of the St duchies Into which the Iinco bardl divided Northern Italy, and. since 166. divided bet ween-Italy and Austria. The Frlull district Includes the Italian province of L'ndlne and the district of Portogruaro. and the Austrian orotlnr of Goers and Gradisea. together with the so-called Idrlan district. The lower slopes of the Julian Aloe In the north and of the Carnle Alps In the east are Included In Frlull. The southern part of this region is a rich luvlal plain, sloping irnllr Into tha Adriatic, and watered by the Iionioind several lesser streams. The whole district. Italian and Aus trian. Includes about 31u0 anuare miles of area. It supports about "00.000 peo ple, largely an agricultural DODulatlon. and. for the most part. Italian-speaking. l he inhabitants or the ancient duchy are called Furlanlana. Their speech differs from that of the peninsula Ital ians, in that It Is very strongly modified by Celtic words. Fancy fruit, wln-a K rapes and grains give lavish harvests in r null s mild climate. The table fruits grown here are known as lux uries throughout Europe. 1 ne present . division of this coast. land, that of Venetian and Trrnli Krlull. was recognized at an earlv re- rlod. Tyroleae Frlull came Into pos session of Austria In 1S0O. and Venetian rriuii became Austrian bv the neaca oi lampo rormio In 197. The Venetian division was brought back to the Ital ian fold In 1SS6. and now the Italians claim to have placed the ancient Aus trian division behind their lines. LET STATE REAP LAND BENEFITS Mr. Davie Advocates Purchase by Ore. mom ef Railroad Grsst EUGENE. Or., July S. (To the Ed itor.) In the matter of the future dis position of the Oregon & California grant lands In Oregn. while many sug gestions therefor have been put forth. there Is one solution I have not seen advocated that to me seems to be emi nently fair and proper, and which would be In keeping with the original Intention of the grant. The original grants were made for the purpose of aiding In the building of the railroads, which was for the oenerit and upbuilding of the state; then In the clause added later, limit ing the sale of the lands to actual aet. tiers at not more than $2.59 an acre. tne ilea was carried further toward the benefit of the elate In assisting In locating settlers on the lands. The court has held the railroad com pany to the original proposition of tnelr Interest at the 12. SO an acre Now as the lands are admittedly worth very much more than that sum at this time, and aa the grant was made solely to be of benefit to the state (Congress surely did not mean to give It to the promoters of the railroad for their personal benefit), let the Mate buv the lands and reap whatever benefit there Is to accrue from the enhanced value. An election to Issue bonds for this purpose would easily carry, and they could no doubt be negotiated at a low rate of Interest. From the proceeds, after providing for the retlre-nent of the bonds, the profits could be apportioned to what ever funds of the state may be de cided best. My suggestion would be that, to rc ompense the counties In which the lands are situated for the taxea they will lose while the sales are being made, to each county be riven IS per cent of net overplus applicable from the sales within that county for the general fund and 10 per cent for the road fund of the county; IS per cent of the whole net proceeds for the state roud fund and 60 per cent to the Irre ducible school fund of the state. With the atate as the owner, the settllnsr of the agricultural lands would be taken care of better than could be done in any other way, aa both the state and the counties would be In terested In having them utilised, and the same would te true of the timber and mineral lands. M. M. DA VIA. Twenty-Five Years Ago From the Ores on tan July 3. IS90. Washington The field notes and plate of the corrected surveys of the great Umatilla Indian reservation in Oregon which have occasioned so much orriclal correspondence have been re ceived by the department and all the force in the survey division put to work on them, and Thursday the com mission finally approved the work. Representative Hermann wu In con sultation with the department as to the appraisement and allotment so the excess land may be put on the market. The action la expected to make things lively In Eastern Oregon. Pullman. Wash. Almost the entire business section of this town wa burned Thursday afternoon, July 3. Spokane Falls Attorney-General Jones has riled an Important opinion holding that the right of way of the Northern Pacitlo Railway Company Is taxable by the State of Washington. Washington The Idaho admission bill declares the present Territory of Idaho a slate and ratifies the consti tution framed by the convention July 4. la. The State Is' entitled to one representative in Congress) until after the census. The bill carries the Mor mon test oath, and It was not until the Supreme Court upheld the constitu tlonallty of this that the bill was con sldered by the Senate territorial com ralttee. In the Rouse the Democrats refrained from voting and asserted an Intention to make a teat on the bill of the Speaker's right to count a quorum. A snsrtil tnaetlns- of tha T'nllsplan Church members haa authorized the trustees to rail a minister .to act aa asaistant to Dr. Eliot. Rev. E. M. Wil bur has been secured lor the next year. Harry Freedman. son of Mr. and Mrs. Lewis Freedman. will be con firmed at the Synagogue today. George L. Story haa been ' elected president of the Fire Commissioners and James R- Sinnott haa been re elected secretary. Guy M. Weldler has been appointed deputy clerk of Department No. 1 of the State Circuit Court, vice A. W. Llewellyn, resigned. The Fourth of July was celebrated yeaterday very fittingly with shooting of firecrackers, roaring of cannon. street parade, appropriate literary and mlHtary exercises, river amusements and a rreat deal of patriotic amuse ment. There was to have been a mar riage In a balloon, but the tia used was not the right kind or sufficient and he balloon refused to carry its load. The couple were married, how ever, on the platform nearby, as 15.000 people looked on. Colonel R. A. Miller, of Jacksonville. la In the city, having come to attend the Fourth. Half a Century Ago Prom the Orsconlan, July f. lS. On May 26 the Grand Jury of the District of Columbia, found a bill of Indictment against Jefferson Davis and John Cabul Breckinridge, for high treason. v itneases were rrancia I". Blair. c"r, John R. Clagrett. General M. D. Hardin. Thomas J. Maury. M. IK. George E. Kirk and John H. ilc Chaany. George A. Boh re r was the foreman of the Jury. The entire length ef the railroad between Vera Crus and Mexico will be IIS miles: the highest summit lave:. Ji'O (eet above sea level. Among Mr. Lincoln's papers haa been found a package of letters marked In I Is own handwriting. "Assassination Letters.- In the San Francisco market flour haa suddenly declined to 17 a barrel. We understand that Colonel Maury has dispatched Captain Matthews to quell the Indians at Auburn. Or. II has taken a company cf cavalry. It appears that an English company Is Intent on constructing a railroad to the Pacific through British terri tory. A Montreal report says: ' Kd mund Kice. president of the St. Paul a Pacific Railroad Company haa gone to England to further the Interests of that road. English capitalists being In terested In pushing It on to the Pacific with a telegraph line through Brit. sr. America, We have in our possession a picture or a celebrated real, live eagle, which the Slh Wisconsin Regiment carried through the campaigns of three years ana which paswed safely through all the battles in which the reirlment par ticipated. It Is an oil picture of "Old Abe." the name of his aquiline majesty. He reminds one at once or Pcrctvale'a solendld nn,m In which It Is mm trl that the eaala. after hsvlnr often led Imperial Rome to conquest while that power remained, alter its rail came to America to guide a new nation to victory. There will be no work done in the Oregonian establishment today, hence there will be no paper tomorrow. PRIZED VOLI ME OF "TOUCHSTONE." Jodsre George Ilea Copy Orlglaally 0sr4 by Chancellor Knt PORTLAND. July 4. (To the Editor.) Sheppard'a "Touchstone." written In England In the old reign of James I. waa cited by the Government In the recent land grant case, but the Supreme Court, throuah Justice McKenna, held It an authority rather for the court's final decision. It mav be of Interest that I have the original "Touchstone" owned by Chan, rellor Kent. According to his hand writing It was purchased by him In 17J2 for 1 Es Od. and used In his law library for over 30 years, and Is full of learned marginal and fly-leaf notes torn Kenta own pen. With these iden tical comments before him the Chancel, lor undoubtedly prepared his great "Commentaries. for he refera to this "Touchstone's" great age and authorltiy. and followed hia notes in their order and wording. In one Kent etates that Justice Doderldge was the real author. His manuscript was found on his dealD and Sheppard published it. Judge Deady. on Inspecting this rare old book, once told me that he wished 1 would devise It t htm In my will. I purchased It In 17. second hand, in Albany. X. Y.. for S3. 23. and not realis ing, at first, that It had been the prop erty of Chancellor Kent. 1 drew a line through the former owner'e name. James Kent, on Its title page, and near It I wrote my own thus Inadvertently making my nearest approach to Kent's own great name. 1 esteem this old book beyond price. By the way. on a' citation from this one book 1 won before Judge Shattuck my first lawsuit. M. C- GEOUGE. Aaether M altsaaa SurvWer. COTTAGE GROVE. Or.. July 3. (To the Editor.) In The Oregonian of June 20 la given a list of the Whitman sur vivors. I would like to say that my husband's name was not mentioned. He waa the little boy under the floor when the Irxilana entered the house. This name Is Alexsrwier Bogers Oi-oorn. Yours truly, illli. A. R. OSBOEX. N. Nittt on Independence By Ream Celllaja. Nesclus Xitta. sage of Punkindorf Sta tion. Quenched a firecracker's fuse with bis quid's liquidation. Preventing the firecracker's loud det onation. And then on the famous and great Declaration About Independence he made an ora tion. I see by the papers that all through the land Each village haa called out Its brass cornet band. And chosen a speaker and seen like. whereby 'TIs proper to celebrate Fourth of July. And this year It "pears that the big celebration Will break every record ln this her great Nation. Some sections with firecrackers plan to observe. While some from the time-honored cus toms will swerve, Avoldln' the danger of bruises and pain By plannln' to celebrate safely and sane; But most any method has plenty of merit Provldin" the folks shows a suitable eperrtt. Our forefathers, from whom I am a deacendent. Declared that all persons Is born Inde pendent And free, and in spite ef the way It's been pounded That doctrine still sticks and seems pretty well grounded; The principal thing that concerns us today la how we'll preserve this here Nation that way. , This war here In Europe may rage as It will: I'm thankful that our land Is out of It still. I figure perhaps we can stay that-a- way If we'll all remember and take rote this day. That, no matter where our ancestors sprung from. We all are Americana right here at home. WAR TO LAST AS I.OM1 AS WIXOSO Qaaker Asersete Told t" 1 lis.. t -ate Fallacy ef Disarmament PellO . CENTR ALIA. Wash . July 3. (To the Editor.) I see you have noticed Will iam Jennlncs Pryan"s vaporltlngs in The Oregonian. His Idiosyncrasies have been many and varied, and they may have some good In them, but his world wide peace Is the lur.lt. If he ha a tithe of the Inte'.lectuallty some credit him with, he wouli know there will be war aa long aa the people will wrong each other. We never have a war while the wronned party will bear the wronj. It Is hen the wronged remonstrates and resists the wrong that peace Is disturbed. Nor will we have war while the wrongdoer will listen to the wronged ons plea rr a Just settlement. When tho wrong doer refuses to l"U-n and goes on perpetrating the wrong, there Is an ap. pesl to tha arbitrament ot war. Wsr settles nothinic. but attention to the argu.rent. And It would not effect that were It not physical force applied. 'The more vigorous, ctuel painful and devastating It Is app.ie.i. the more merciful it l. beravse the s.wnef It la over. fnt.l the j. self let finds soma way to Kt the incorrigi ble wrongdoer to cea-se his wrong doing and lls'en to the wronged or.e s plea for Justice, we will have war. If I am rlaht In defining war. I know my revered psrrnia defeated me In many battles. Very often they would not even let m retre.it; I had to my and accept their terms. I believe were oil our arms, all our munitions and a'.l our psrsphcrnaia of war destroyed tomorrow we would still have war. as on- as a part of humanity wronci the oilier psrl. When wrong-doing naf. ther, :!l be no war. War will have to bo with the cessation of wrone-l-lrii.'. When tl.e writer a l-.-y be. with some others, attended worship In a Quaker meeting-house lvs of peace Is a tenet of their faith. They love peace, and endeavor to avoid all the causes of war. In a word, they love peace and abhor war. It seemed there was some serious matter thit was to he subumied to t!'c Bryan plan arbitration by the con gregation. There were three more In terested than the others, two of whom were not so lre as the other. They Joined Issues with the hi ronn. and every time he tried to state bis con tention the two would Jump to their feet and start a talkfest. Wlr. be cou!dn't get to ssy a sentence. Final. y he arose, and In a p!ous dignified voice, said to the nesrest of these - corrlcibles. "Friend Joshua, it la un srrlptural to strike thee, so I will push thee in the ear." And he gave Joshua a clip In the ear that sent him over two rows of seats. He then ti vanced very quietly on the other, say ing. "Friend Samuel. I will not push thee lnMhe ear. but I will hold thee mighty uneasy." and took a grip on Friend Samuel's windpipe. Both then besred for a chance to listen to the big man's argument. That Incident causes me to believe that were all Implements and muni tiona of war destroyed, and wrong was being done, we would atlll have war. We would fall back onto primitive methods, pushing one another in the ear or holding each other mighty un easy. P. J. a M MANAMNA. Aefa Reed Tarn Attacked. WAP.VTO. Wash.. July X (To ' the Editor.) Why shout i automobile own ers have to pay a license for traveling on the public highway? It seems t me un-American and unconstitutional If it is constitutional to charge a per. son 110 for the privilege of driving on the public highway. It would be equally constitutional to charge him 11000. It le all well and good to have good public highways; I approve of them highly; but there should be no discrim ination in regard to securing the funds for these same public hlghwaya My Interpretation of the term publit highway" la that It Is a highway frc to all. If a man s way of traveling !l by automobile, why haa he not the sam right to travel on the public hlchaay without a license as the man with the wacon and team or bugpy? My observationa are that teams and wagons are much more detrimental to roads than automobiles. A SCBSCRIEER. Spending or Using Do you use your money or do- you merely spend it? The difference In these terms Is the difference between thrift and thrlftleesnes. I'slng money means buying the things you need at the time you need them and at the lowest market price. And ability to use money only comes to those who know market condition. Thrifty people are readers of newspaper advertising because It keep them Informed. They know what Is In the market and where It la sold to the best ad vantage. When they buy they do so with a certainty that they are getting a full money's worth. a