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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (April 24, 1915)
THE 3IORXTNG OREGOXIAJT, SATURDAY, APRIIi 21, 1915. Monmx PORTLAND, OREGON. Kntpred ut Portland, Oregon, rostofflce second-class matter. EubacripUou Rates Invariably In advance: (By Mail.) Iatly, Sunday Included, one year fS.OO lally. Sunday included, six months 4.2o lally, Sunday included, three months. . 2.25 1'aily, Suuday included, one month.... . laily. without Sunday, one year........ 6.U0 lmlly, -without Sunday, six months. .... Xaily, without Sunday, three months... 1.7a Jatly, without Sunday, one month. .... .V" Weekly, one year 1.0 Sunday, one year ... 2.50 Sunday and Weekly, one year ii.50 (By Carrier.) Cally, Sunday included, one year 9.u0 l)ally. Sunday included, one month To How to Remit Send Postofi'ica money or tier, express order or personal check on your local bank. Stamps, coin or currency are at sender's risk. Ulve post oft Ice address In lull, including county and state. .lotaice Rate 1 to Id pases, 1 cent; 18 in ol pases. cents; V4 to 4b pages, cents; fcy to do pases, 4 cents; to 70 pages, o cents; 78 to :2 pages. 8 cents. Foreign post age, double rates. Eastern Buslarm Office Veree & Conk lin. New York, Jirunswick building; Chicago, blnKer building. San lYsni'lnrD Office R. J. lildwell Com pany. 742 Market street. POKTWXD, SATURDAY, APRIL 24. 1915. T10J MASSAC HCSKTTS SUITRAGE CAM-PA ION. ' Four states, all in the East, will vote cn ivoman suffrage amendments next Kail. Should the vote be favorable In all of them, women will then enjoy full suffrage rights in fifteen states. Of course the rest will fall Into line rap idly with so many Impressive examples before them and it will not be long before the stigma of tutelage is re moved from women throughout the Union. Even if suffrage should not carry In all of the states where It is to be voted upon next Fall the amend ment will be resubmitted promptly and its success is only a question of time. The convincing arguments for suf frage daily sink deeper into the voters' minds, while the (Shallow sophistry' of fered against it begins everywhere to stand forth in its naked absurdity. The best of all arguments for woman suf frage is its unqualified success in the states and countries which have adopt ed it. Here in Oregon, where it has had a fair trial, opinions are unani mously in favor of it. The same may be said of our neighbor state, Wash ington. If the opponents of woman suffrage paid the slightest attention to the lessons of experience they would be obliged to close their mouths. But they do not. They are the most hope lessly pedantic doctrinaires on the face of the earth. The Massachusetts campaign for woman suffrage which is now pro gressing is especially interesting be cause the friends of the reform have the powerful support of the intelli gent and courageous Springfield Re publican, which has been on their side for the last fifty years. The Repub lican Justly observes that woman suf frage Is a "phenomenon, of the prog ress of democracy." One of its argu ments strikes us as singularly apt. It is to the purport that the so-called "chivalric privileges" conceded to women are marks of inferiority, pre cisely as the pettings and coddlings bestowed upon children indicate that the little things are not fit to look out for themselves. There was a time, per haps, when it was necessary for the strong and protective male to keep women in tutelage, but the progress of their education and capacity for work gives them new dignity and en titles them to more respectful consid eration. .Women rightfully demand full rec ognition as human beings. The argu ments commonly used against their right to vote have all been used time and again against granting men the same right. They are old, moth-eaten and ridiculous. The modern state has become so complicated that it needs the intelligent co-operation of all its adult citizens in the transaction of its business. Men's minds work in one way, women's in another. Both ways are essential to the best government, and the best is none too ' good for Americans. The problems of the home have become in large part public prob lems. Questions of health, of food supplies, of housing and schooling be long in these days quite as much to the state and city as to the individual parents. This merger of family and public business sadly blunts the point of the old phrases about woman's sphere and her duty to shut herself up in "the home." But. we reiterate, the best argument for suffrage and the one that super cedes all other considerations is the plain lesson of experience. It works well. v EFFECTS OF SEAMEN'S LAW. The new seamen's law, which abol ishes imprisonment for desertion and contains many provisions for bettering the condition of seamen and for safety of life at sea, is condemned by ship owners as destructive to American transoceanic shipping trade, as a source of friction with other nations and as increasing the cost of carrying coastwise commerce. These counts in the indictment against the law are stated in vigorous terms by R. P. Schwerin, vice-president of the Pacific Mail Company, through the medium of the Pacific Marine Review. Mr. Schwerin accuses the House committee, which reported the bill, of browbeating shipowners and of being dominated by a labor lobby. He says "there are so few American-born or naturalized' seamen, this legislation must be in behalf of the foreigners serving upon foreign vessels." and that the effect of permitting sailors on for eign ships to desert in American ports w ill be? to bring them under control of the Seamen's Union. He continues: Our Government undertakes 'a novel pro cedure, 1. e., a nation without a mercantile marine in the foreign trade making and er.forclnjr standards for nations which have Ionic served this country, on equal terms with themselves, and with general satis faction. Mr. Schwerin also quotes ex-Senator Root as denying our right to release foreign seamen in American ports from the obligations of contracts made in their own countries. By reports prepared by accountants he shows that the new law would increase the annual cost of wages and food for crews of Pacific Mail trans-Pacific steamers $802,040 a year, the present cost being $488,695. Because of this increase in cost of operation, the steamers are to be withdrawn and the business will be left to the Japanese. The Oregonlan has consistently ad vocated abolition of imprisonment of Bailors for desertion and better provi sion for safety of life at sea. We have recognized, however, that ill-considered, hasty action might bring the United States into conflict with other nations. In order to avoid this conse quence we have repeatedly urged Con gress to establish a commission, which (should exhaustively inquire into the whole subject of our shipping laws, including those relating to labor. The Portland Chamber of Commerce rec ommended the same course. The late Congress refused to do the work thor- mum oughly, even though some delay might result. It turned a deaf ear to the shipowners and rushed , through the seamen's bill, which contains many excellent provisions but which, if Mr. Schwerin's strictures be Justified also contains many vicious ones. Congress seems to have been animated solely by a political purpose to win the labor vote, not by a patriotic desire to legislate- wisely for the whole Nation. In the same spirit President Wilson tried to force adoption of his ship-purchase bill, though it could not have accom plished his professed purpose and would surely have caused disputes with other nations. If the seamen's law should have the evil effects predicted by Mr. Schwerin, the responsibility will rest with the men who are in haste to make a record of doing something and who are un willing to act with the deliberation and after the thorough study of the subject which would insure that that something be the right thing. . TIME TO CLEAN UP. Portland will entertain more visitors this year than in any recent tourist season, for a constant stream will be passing to and from the San Fran cisco Fair and an unusual number will stop over at the Rose Festival. The city must look its best, and, in order that it may do so, every citizen must do his part. Governor Withycombe and Mayor Albee have called upon the citizens of state and city to apply themselves to cleaning up their premises during the week from May 4 to 11. Every scrap of rubbish should be destroyed, new paint should be laid on wherever 4t is needed, every broken fence should be repaired, and every trailing vine nailed up. Weeds should be rooted up, grass mowed and trees pruned. California and Washington are cleaning up, and Oregon must show as clean a face and as spruce a dress as they. As the hostess sets her house in or der and decorates it when company is coming, so must Mother Oregon, her eldest daughter, Portland, and all her other daughters prepare to make a good appearance. Many of those who are coming- will be making their first visit, and it becomes us to give a good first impression. BOOKS ON TREITSCHKE. The big war has interested every body in the doctrines of the German historian Treitschke, who is thought by many to have contributed more or less to the national feelings that lie behind it. Four new books on Treitschke and his opinions are an nounced this Spring. Still others are likely to come out before long. His theory that war is in itself a fine thing for mankind and an ordi nance of God is deeply interesting in the light of current events. It is well to remember, however, that there is nothing original in Treitschke's think ing. His doctrines have been common places among militarists since the days when the first savage chief raided his peaceable neighbors and plundered their goods. Machiavelli the Florentine taught precisely the same doctrines about the beauties of war that we now read in Treitschke and Bernhardi. Our own Colonel Roosevelt has held about the same opinions at various times in his career and never has hesitated to express them. Some men are born fighters just as others are born saints and each class invents a theology and philosophy to suit its natural bent. DR. PLOTZ' DISCOVERY. The Oregonlan has already referred to the vaccine for typhus which has just been invented. Its discovery is singularly timely sinee Serbia is just now being desolated by an epidemic of typhus which threatens .to ruin the military efficiency of the country. The Rockefeller fund has sent over a relief expedition to that unhappy land with which several physicians have gone to render such aid as circumstances per mit. Perhaps there is little that they can do, for typhus results from the unhygienic conditions which always follow prolonged warfare and until the country can be cleaned up and the people properly fed and housed, to say nothing of burying the dead, we must expect pestilence to rage with but slight mitigation. The physicians -who have gone to Serbia in the service of the Rockefeller fund have all been vaccinated, so we learn,' with the new serum which, it is hoped, will render them immune to typhus. But if it does not they will stay all the same and die at their task. Such is the spirit that animates the modern physician. ,The anti-typhus vaccine is due to the scientific labors of Dr. Harry Plotz, a young physician whose name is like ly to be remembered among the most famous of his generation. He is only 24 years old, but he has conferred a favor upon the human race before which the victories of all the Generals who ever lived shrink into littleness. His brilliant discovery originated, as so many have done before, in a lucky guess. It occurred to Dr. Plotz that the ailment known as Brill's disease might be the same as typhus, and working upon that supposition he pro ceeded to isolate and study the germ of Brill's disease, seeking thus indi rectly a scientific remedy for the ter rible typhus scourge. The Balkan war sent to this country at about that time a number of its human wrecks, who were detained in the Government hospital at New York. Some of them were suffering from typhus, which gave Dr. Plotz an op portunity to test his theory. He ob tained and analyzed specimens of their blood and the results Justified his hy pothesis. The germ of typhus was found to be the same as that of Brill's disease. The elaboration of a vaccine to treat it was then a comparatively simple affair which might be conducted ac cording to well-known rules of pro cedure. Dr. Plotz left this part of the work to one of his colleagues. Dr. Olitzky, who completed it satisfactor ily. Dr. Plotz himself was the first to submit to vaccination with the new serum, but several other physicians speedily followed his example. In the face of facts like these how unjust seems the reproach so often heard that physicians always try their experi ments upon other people. The fact is that they have usually undergone the peril first and seldom ventured to try remedies upon their patients that had not been thoroughly tested upon them selves. The fact of the matetr is that physi cians are, if anything, too reluctant to try new remedies upon their patients. But, however that may be, the new anti-typhus vaccine has now been thoroughly tested upon human sub jects and it has been taken to Serbia under the auspices of the Rockefeller fund to bear what relief it may to that unhappy country. The world's best wishes go with the expedition. WEALTH POURS' TNTO OUR LAP. The March report on foreign trade indicates that ' exports have about reached their maximum for the pres ent, the total for that month only slightly exceeding that for February. More detailed figures will probably show that grain shipments are begin ning to fall off, the surplus of last year's crop having been sold. Imports, on the other hand, have materially in creased, but from what cause the pre liminary report of the Government does not indicate. This explains a fa vorable trade balance of J140.969.347 for March as compared with $13,604,. 366 for February. , Exports for the nine months ending March, 1915, now exceed those for the nine months ending March, 1915, the increase for March having more than offset the decrease to the end of Feb ruary, due to the slump in the first few months of the war. Total exports for the nine months of this fiscal year were $1,933,475,580, exceeding those of the corresponding period in the two preceding years. Secretary Redfield estimates total exports for the entire fiscal year at $2,750,000,000. As the March total was $299,009,563. this es timate of a little over $816,000,000 for the remaining three months does not seem wide of the mark. Mr. Redfield probably anticipates a decrease due to diminution in exports of breadstuffs, but a continuation of the war with in creased fury may swell the total of war material sales sufficiently to overcome this loss and even to expand the total to $3,000,000,000. Imports are now decidedly on the in crease, and, if this condition continues, and exports should show no further in crease, our favorable trade balance will grow more slowly month by month. January was the first month since the war opened during -which imports in creased. The January total was $7, 715,672 larger than that for December, and the February total was $2,751,074 larger than that for January, but the March total exceeded that for Febru ary by $32,916,825. " The net trade balance in favor of the United States reached $718,725,625 at the end of March and would reach $1,000,000,000 for the fiscal year, even if it fell slightly below $100,000,000 a month for the remaining three months. This does not seem at all probable, and the total for the year is more likely to reach $1,100,000,000. The favorable trade balance for the first three months of this calendar year is $460,080,709. Should it continue throughout the year at about the same rate, it will exceed $1,800,000,000 and may reach $2,000, 000.000. With such a huge sum to its credit In Europe, the United States could go far towards paying off the mortgage which Europe holds on this country in the shape of securities of our corpora tions. The total of such securities was estimated early in the war at $5,000, 000,000 to $6,000,000,000, but a large proportion has already been sold back to this country. So long as the war lasts tourists will not spend $200,000, 000 a year and immigrants will not send home $150,000,000 a year, and Europe will be deprived of this aid in squaring accounts. The entire balance must be settled in gold or securities or the borrowing of money in this coun try. It is not likely to be settled in gold, for we have all the gold we need. The settlement will probably be made in securities or loans from American banks. If the war should last well into next year, the world would owe the United States a large net balance of Invested capital and this country would be the world's reservoir of cap ital. JAPAN'S DESIGNS ON CHINA. From Japan's own account; of what she has done in Corea an opinion can be formed as to what she would do i she gained a dominant position in China. The treaty of Portsmouth gave Japan a protectorate over Corea, but rebellion and the assassination of Marquis Ito were used as justification for annexation. Japan has since-remade Corea and has certainly done wonders, proving herself the Germany of Asia in efficiency and the equal of Britain in awakening the dormant energies of a backward people. Japan has built railroads and high ways, improved harbors and rivers, built electric railways in and beUveen cities, paved streets, erected hospitals and introduced sanitation. She has surveyed land, registered titles, sold land to farmers on easy payments and aided financially and with the services of experts the improvement of farm ing, growing of new crops and breed ing of livestock. Under Japanese in fluence cotton has been introduced and the crops increase amazingly year by year. New industries have been estab lished, banks and loan societies opened and interest reduced. Great progress has been made toward universal edu cation and here the purpose to Japan ize Corea has become apparent in the stress laid on teaching and use of the Japanese language. Forests are pro tected, but not conserved on the Pin chot plan, and new forests are plant ed. The revenue has been increased and regularly shows a surplus, both imports and exports having grown rapidly. The Government has taken on a socialist tinge, for salt is evapo rated, ginseng grown, lumber manu factured and coal mined by govern ment monopolies. In one or two gen erations Corea may become thoroughly Japanized and may acquire the dispo sition to fight as loyally for Japan as do the Japanese themselves. It is reasonable to presume that what Japan is doing in Corea with its 15,000,000 people she would do in China with its 400,000,000. if she ob tained control. The great rivers would1 be restrained from flooding the coun try and would be rendered navigable for long distances into the interior. Agriculture would be modernized and myriads of small farmers would vastly increase crops. The barren mountains would be reforested. The vast mineral I resources would be developed and China might in a few decades rival the United States, and Germany in steel production. Railroads and trolley lines would be built with material pro duced in China. " Modern factories of all kinds would be established and would be operated by electric power transmitted from the mountain streams. Cities would be remade with paved streets, modern sanitation, po lice, electric light and transportation flines. Japan would introduce her own language and would strive, by a proc ess of benevolent assimilation, to Japanize the Chinese people. Finally a modern army and navy would be created, armed with guns and ships made in China from Chinese raw ma terial. The mind can scarcely grasp Japan's possibilities as a military power with China's wealth of men and materials at her disposal. The demands which Japan has made on China, are such, as an. energetic, aggressive nation usually makes when seeking control of a backward nation which lacks the energy and unity of spirit to pursue a definite aim. Japan asks to be consulted first about the working of mines, construction, of rail roads and harbors in Fukien province and about employment of foreign cap ital, the admitted purpose being to prevent other nations from acquiring special rights but the real purpose being apparently to obtain such special rights for Japan. This concession once made as to one province, the way would be opened to apply it to ail provinces. Japan demands supervision over manufacture or purchase of war mu nitions, and explains that she means employment of mixed forces of Japan, ese and Chinese. That would give her a hand in arming the Chinese army and navy.. Joint administration by Japanese and Chinese of the police in Southern Manchuria is demanded. That would clinch Japan's hold on that province and give her leverage for extending the same system to other provinces. As to the demand for employment of Japanese political advisers, Japan earplains that she will not impose but "merely recommend" advisers, but there are circumstances under which a recommendation is equivalent to a demand. Japan demands that no island, port or harbor be ceded or leased to any third power, but explains that this would apply to Japan also. N'o nation is in the habit of asking another na tion not to grant it such concessions. The sole ground for the demand is a contract made by China with the American Steel Company to build a dockyard at Santuao, but that was not a concession to a foreign govern ment; it was a contract for China's own naval purposes. , Count Okuma says most solemnly that Japan seeks no privileged posi tion in China, but that she seeks only such commercial advantages as she is entitled to as China's nearest neigh bor. Count Okuma's statement does not square with Japan's demands. Mexico is as near a neighbor to the United States as China is to Japan, bnt we have made no such demands on Mexico as Japan has made on China. Before the civil war in Mexico the United States had the largest share of that country's foreign commerce, but we obtained it by reason of our prox imity and in open competition with the world. We never asked for pre ferential rights, nor for a part in the government of Mexico and in the se lection of foreign advisers. We oppose cessions of Mexican territory to for eign powers, but we do so out of re gard for our own safety. On that ground Japan may justify her objec tion to like cessions by China. Neither the United States nor any European nation could regard with indifference the insertion by Japan of the thin end of the wedge which would open the way to ultimate control of China by Japan. The Japanese empire would gradually acquire power to con vert China into a menace to the peace of the world. That menace can be warded off best by keeping the door to China open for the commerce and enterprise of all nations on equal terms and by closing it to political control by any one power. Engineers representing Kendall Brothers, of Pittsburg, Pa., are ready to begin the survey of the new stand ard guage railway which the'Pittsburg firm contemplates building from Rose burg to the Cascade National Forest, on the North Umpqua River. The dis tance between these points is about 30 miles. Engineer Von Planta has stated to the Roseburg Review that he would make two or possibly three surveys, any one of which he thought would be satisfactory to the Kendalls, who would, of course, select the route of fering the least resistance according to the revenue to be derived. The sur vey, he stated, would be completed within a little over a month and construction may begin before mid summer. The construction of this roao would mean a great deal to Roseburg, in fact, to the entire Umpqua Valley. It would open a' vast amount of tim ber and would more than likely cause the erection of a large mill at Rose burg, as well as various other plants. Aside from this is the fact that many farms now remote from transportation privileges would be benefited greatly and much other land would come un der cultivation which is now lying idle. Any man who had predicted, while watching the San Francisco fire, that the city would be the scene of a splen did world exposition nine years later would have been suspected of having something the matter with his head but nothing is impossible to the West. Only mischievous boys iwould steal iae cream from the back porch of a home where a party is being given, and there is not enougli in quantity to make tnem sick and assure detection If the people of Washington can keep in mind the fact that Senator Poindexter voted for the Underwood tarjff, which "gave them the bumps, he will not win by his latest flop. It was ladies' day and the Saline Lakers gave them what they wanted plenty of errors and runs, with the thrill that accompanies a Beaver romp ing home. Record of an earthquake is shocking news to send from Seattle and Tacoma, but those cities are bound to keep in the glare of the day; likewise are they truthful. The Germans seem to have got ahead of the British in renewing hos tilities in Belgium. They would not wait for Kitchener to begin the war in May. Colonel Roosevelt is enjoying his trial so hugely that he must feel tempt ed to provoke more men to sue him for libel. Germany's new prize rules may serve to legalize any depredations her sub marines commit against neutral com merce. Though 85 years old and unable to see a baseball game, Joseph Buchtel is still a fan, for the boy in him still lives. That German high sea fleet did not get very far into English waters, or they would have met something. By the time Hill 60 has been fought over for a few more days it will be lev eled with the plain. Paying an old water bill must be worse than settling for a horse after he is dead. Mellish's comet has a tail 3,000,000 miles long, yet too far away to be grabbed. Twenty-Five Years Ago From The Oregonian of April 24. isuo. The as: reement arrived at a short time ago by the members of the various railroad companies comprised !n Lie Northern Pacific Terminal Company in regard to building a suitable union de pot has been ratified. It is agreed that the Union Pacific, the Southern Pacific and the Northern Pacific shall use the same buildings and grounds and Couch Lake will be filled at once to provide a place on which to erect the depot. The Astoria Columbian says: Many persons object to the Portland boats landing passengers at the end of Young's Bay.trestle, thinking that they should be set ashore in Astoria and there take another vessel. It is sug gested that a company be formed to buy a ferryboat in Portland to be used for this purpose. The concert at New Park tonight will no doubt draw an appreciative audi ence, as the artisxs who will take part are well known. The programme in cludes solos by Miss Emma Berg, Mrs. Walter Reed, Mr. T. Wilmott Eckert. Master Alfred. Holt and Slgnor Marino, besides a full orchestra. An Eastern Oregon man says that John Nutting, a brother of George Nut ting, who disappeared some time ago in Crook County, Is supposed, to have been murdered. The Baker City flour mill has ceased temporarily to operate on account of having run out of wheat. Sheriff Smith, of Clatsop County, has Just finished making out a delinquent tax roll, which occupied 10 days of his time. His fee for the work will only be $3. Ijah Biars said that Recorder Mayo said that It. Merrick told him that James Powell and Mr. Walker had just been fishing and had caught a catfish with a swarm of bees inside. Cominx from such a source and through such a channel there can be no doubt of the truth of the story. A tableau and drama will be given by the ladies of the Unitarian Church at their chapel. Seventh and Yamhill streets, Tuesday night. The Metropolitan Street Railwav Company is getting along famously witn its new second track, which will extend as far south as Grant street. The following officers of the Port land Gun Club have been elected for the ensuing year: President, W. S. Gibson; vice-president, F. H. Page; secretary and treasurer, R T. Town send; grand master, H. T. Hudson. CO-OPERATION IV CLEARING LAND Labor Should Join With Knarineering Skill and Solve Problem. PORTLAND, April 22. (To the Edi tor.) Oregon's greatest need at the present time is the settlement of idle lands. In Columbia and Clarke Coun ties alone, in the basin of the Columbia and small streams, it Is estimated that there are over 300,000 acres of tillable land of the highest fertility still to be brought under the plow. This land is either lodged ofr or shortly to be logged off, and while it lias a certain small value for grazing purposes, it can for all practical purposes be rated as worth nothing, because it produces nothing. Two factors tend to keep this land from beiiy? put to use the unwilling ness of settlers to go to work and grub out farms for themselves from among the stumps, and the fact that land owners, with a few noteworthy excep tions, place too high a price on cut-over lands. ft of us find heart to blame the settler for his refusal to undertake the back-breaking labor of clearing land single handed. If a man will count the time he spends clearing his land, it will be found that not one acre in a thousand has cost less than $100 to clear. Many an acre costs double that, for it Is a good man who, alone, can clear an acre in two months. Adding the cost of the stump land to the labor and cost of clearing it. makes the land too dear for any man to farm It and get interest on his money. In this age none of us could afford to undertake the delivery of his own mail. Instead, we co-operate with the postofflce and for a few cents have a Letter delivered that we could not personally take to its destination for as many dollars. And so it must be with land clearing. Tile removal of stumps is an engi neering problem, and the solution of the problem lies in the co-operation of the labor of the settler with the nec essary machinery and services of the development engineer. Such a co operative movement is under way in Columbia County. Twenty settlers, each looking for a small tract for In tensive culture.' are pooling their capital and labor, with the use of the latest stype of machinery in land clearing, with the services of an ex perienced engineer. All speculation has been kept out of the arrangement, and the land is taken up by actual settlers only, and they get cleared land at less than half the usual cost. The succesa of this co-operation is assured and it will bring about a won derful increase in the area of tilled land near Portland. Community set tlements in every direction will be the result. Co-operation in land-clearing will be followed by co-operation in farming, in marketing produce, in building creameries, canneries, public halls and all other adjuncts to modern country life. Not much longer will Oregon bear the reproach of eating eggs from China and butter from New Zealand not much longer will the smallness of our farm production be a by-word. Real co-operation like this will solve many, if not all, of our finan cial worries and will give Portland and Oregon that permanent prosperity to which our great natural resources en title us. H. G. RICH. 903 Chamber of Commerce Building. EVERYMAN'S DICTIONARY. By M. H. F. ' Sin What the other fellow does. Love Life, the universe, for me; for you, a foolish obsession. War In Europe, pure militarism; in America, pure patriotism. Neutrality Non-participating policy which expired in Europe at the com mencement of recent hostilities. (Obso lete). Society When I am prosperous, the sum total of respectability; when I am down' and out, a body rotten to the cere. Judgment What my business part ner hasn't got. Chivalry The generous impulse to aid a pretty woman, if isolated; any woman, when a crowd is looking on. Also a fever which attacks the sys tem of man before marriage, but which burns itself out after marriage. Stupidity Leading characteristic of all employed persons. ' - Truth The doctrine taught in church only. Courtesy What I demand of my in feriors and practice toward my supe riors. Charm Conspicuous trait of charac ter possessed by a woman with money. Marriage A ceremony performed in heaven. Heaven A state of mind. " Mind The directive part of man's being, subject to constant change. Faith The thread of gold In the coarse fabric of life's weaving; the only excuse for tolerating anybody or anything. Optimism A microbe found only in tbe blood, of the active. ARCIMEXT FOR BinTII I'OTIIOI. "Devoted Mother Ik Answered by One Mho Takei Opponlte Yteit. PORTLAND, Or., April 23. (To the Kditor.) I BhouW be glad to believe that the spread of the pamphlet against which "A Devoted Mother" protests had caused the shortage of babies available for adoption. However. It is only a few months since the first of these pam phlets was received in Portland, so those who have distributed the .in formation on birth control cannot take the credit for the scarcity of babies at thi3 time. The writer of the pamphlet referred to, whose name is correctly given there on, is herself a mother and a trained nurse whose long experience in nursing convinced her of the great need of such instruction in birth control as Is con tained in her pamphlet being made easily available. Eugenlsta, sociolo gists, earnest students of this question in all of its phases, have come to the conclusion that the race has not the right to leave birth, which is by tar the most important human function to chance; that It is folly, and worse than folly, to talk of "God's purpose" and "God's law" ruling reproduction when we leave it all to lenorance, careless ness and chance. We interfere with '-God's laws" every time we overcome disease or the forces, of "nature." Everything In our modern civilized world which we count as progress is an interference, or more properly, an understanding and control, of what was once considered Qod's domain, beyond the range of human control. It is to be deplored that many very earnest and sincere people find any ref erence whatsoever to sex, the sexual functions, or birth, "lewd, obscene and indecent." These same people talk of the "divine sacredness of motherhood," and motherhood is the direct result of the exercise of these same "lewd, ob scene and indecent" functions. Space will not here allow an analysis of this glaring inconsistency, but it must be apparent to everyone who thinks that if motherhood is fine and high and sacred, then all the processes which lead to motherhood are worthy of most careful, reverent and scientific study and thought. 1 would remind "A Devoted Mother" that the chastity which is the result of "fear of consequences" has little or no moral, religious or ethical value. Ig norance is not and, cannot produce goodness. In conclusion. I would urge "A De voted Mother" to go to the Public Li brary and ask for some of the books of Havelock Ellis. Ellen Key, Dr. Abra ham Jacob! and other students and sci entists, dealing with the question of birth control; and also to read the articles by Mary Alden Hopkins now running in Harper's Weekly, which give some arguments both for and against the birth control Idea. Also the article in the January Forum by Theodore Schroeder on "Press Censor ship." These things may serve to open her eyes to phases of the question which evidently have not presented them selves to her hitherto. W. M. LISSNER. Piliil.lt for Kalr. JEFFERSON? Or., April 22.-:-(To the Kditor.) I am writing for Informa tion about sending exhibits to the Fanama-Parif ic Exposition. I have a very beautiful bedspread I have made In crochet, featuring the Portland rose. Will they take care of same and return it if it is not sold? I don't wiRh to lose it. as I can 111 afford to. Please tell me the safest way to send. MRS. E. J. ALEXANDER. Send the bedspread by express to George M. Hyland. Managing Secretary. Oregon Building, Panama-Pacific In ternational Exposition, San Francisco, with directions. He will see that it is exhibited In the art department or per haps in the restroom, and will take care of it frr you. General Goethals' Own Story in the Sunday Oregonian In the first installment of his own story of how the Panama Canal was built, Major-General Goethals tells in interesting detail how he was invited by Secretary Taft and President Roosevelt to take charge of the 'work, how he viewed the prospect and how he was regarded, when he first went to the Isthmus, by the men already there. He throws a pleasant sidelight upon the work of John F. Stevens, chief engineer, who immediately preceded him there. This is of particular interest here, inasmuch as Mr. Stevens came to Portland soon after ward and built the Oregon Trunk Railway tip the Deschutes River. Major Goethals' stories will be a regular Sunday feature for several weeks. OTHER ATTRACTIONS INCLUDE The Mystery of Nehalem's Beeswax For years past people along Nehalem Beach have dug up large quantities of wax near the shore. Some contended that it was a mineral deposit and that it indicated the presence, farther inland, of some valuable mineral. But scientists now declare it nothing more than beeswax the remnant probably of some prehistoric ship wreck. A full-page story illustrated presents a discussion of the probable origin of this wax. Anna Held in Charity Work Alluring offers of American gold have failed to attract Anna Held, the popular actress, from her present service of singing for wounded French soldiers. Recently a correspondent had an inter view with her and she told of her desire to remain in Paris. Recent photographs show Anna Held dressed in Boy Scout uniform, sell ing cocktails for impoverished actors. Kentuckian Is Futurist Dancer Two of the most graceful dancers now appearing in public are Spalding Hall, of Kentucky, and Miss Bertha Knight, of California. How they perform their fascinating work is told in picture and story. Their costumes also are unique and are adequately described. Conservation of Bird Life In recent years much progress has been made toward pre serving some of the rare bird species. Much money has been ex pended in this direction and many scientists have devoted their best efforts to the task. An Oregonian Sunday feature will be a com plete description of the methods used in this work. Winifred Sackville Stoner Much- has appeared in the public prints recently regarding Winifred Sackville Stoner, the remarkable 12-year-old girl, who has mastered eight languages and who has performed other won derful mental feats. A story telling how the mother of the girl aided her in acquiring her knowledge is an interesting item. Mrs. Stoner insists that her daughter is a normal child and that any mother can duplicate her performances with a normal child of her own. Celilo Canal Opening In less than 10 days the actual celebration in connection with the formal opening of the Celilo Canal will begin. A full-page illustrated story will give the latest complete information regard ing this modern inland waterway. Regular Sunday Departments In addition to these special articles, The Sunday Oregonian will present its usual popular Sunday attractions, including another in stallment of the "Exploits of Elaine,'' a sermon by Dr. John H. Boyd, a page of school news, Donahey's Teenie Weenie adventures and his Prince Ahmed fairy tales, a front-page drawing present ing the contrast between the meaning of Spring in peaceful America and in war-ridden Europe, the regular automobile, real estate, dramatic, society and other departments. ORDER FROM YOUR Half a Century Ago Krom The OreonlHn, Air!l 24. J;.V The City of Portland won its suit to recover block 172 from Leland ami Stout in the Wasco County I'nurts last week The city was awarded t-00 dam ages for the detention of the propel t v. The suit commenced in October, 1858, and has been pending ever sim-e. Captain Charles S. Mills, of the Ore gon National Guard, has called a spe cial meeting of the local company for 8 o'clock next Monday night. Washington. D. C, April 22. Mis. Lincoln Is still ill from the shock of Mr. Lincoln's assassination. Two 1'nion soldiers have been assassinated in Rich mond. S. Frohmaik, secretary of the Port land Turn Vetein. announces a special meeting in the lodge hall for tonight. Three vessels were berthed at Couch's wharf yesterday. The managers of the wharf plan to extend the structure as toon as traffic warrants the outlay. The procession for the public obse quies in lienor of President Lincoln, will form march through the principal streets to the O. S. N. Company's ware house next Thursday, according to the plans of the committee of citizens ap pointed by the Council. Governor Gibbs will pronounce the eulogy. New York, April 21. A movement has been started here to raise floO.OoO by $1 subscriptions, to be presented to Mrs. Lincoln as a token-of the venera tion the people foel for the martyred president. New York, April 22. General Sheri dan received a communication from General Sherman announcing the sur render of Johnson's army. Baltimore, April 21. The remains of President Lincoln arrived here at 10 o'clock. The stores are all closed, and the whole population Is in the streets. The body will lie in state until 2 o'clock. The pioneer hack of Portland col lapsed on Salmon street ycrterday. There was no runaway, no scared team about It. One bolt dropped from it place, and the ancient vehicle fell in a. heap on the street. Til K DESERT ASD THE ROSE. A thousand miles of sage brush. stretching away to hills of sand; A million days of sunshine, burning an arid land. Here a sheep-man's thanty, there a miner's shack; It's a thousand miles to nowhere, and another thousand back. As far as the eye ran see, glistens the steel blue rail: And tlie cry of the lonely coyote wails o'er the sunburned trail. The jackrabbits quake in fear, as tbe engine snorts and screams; While far away, on the deserts' edge, the great Columbia gleams. Out of the burning sand waste, skirting a silvery shore; Down through a fern-etched gores, where sv.et water cascades roar. Behind us the desert sands, where the Chinook softly blows. Carrying a message of sweetness from the lips of the Oregon Rose. Safe, into a land of Promise, nestled 'iieath God's watchful eye: With the sands of remorse behind us. echoing the c-arrion's cry. Let me dwell by the deep blue waters, that flow to the Oregon tdiore. But take me not hack oil the deserts, lest I burn, forever more. K. S. ni'MOXI). n NEWS DEALER TODAY