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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 21, 1912)
THE MORNING OREGOXIAN, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 21, 1913. 6 meB tttrimtmt PORTLAND, OREGON. c Entered at Portland, Oregon. Postotflos aa i Second-Class Hatter. i Subscription Ratal Invariably In Ad ranee. I (BY MAIL.) Dally. Sunday Included, on year ,.8.00 , Daily. Sunday Included, six months J-J ; lj ally, Sunday Included, tnrse months.. 2.23 ; Dal!;. Sunday Included, ons month..... .78 I bally, without Sunday, one year J.U0 J Dally, without Sunday, six months J. is ? Dally, without Sunday, thres months.. 1-75 ; Dally, without Sunday, ons month -9 ' Weekly, ons year J Sunday, ons year J-jJJ Sunday and Weekly, ons year " (BT CABBIfiB.) ' Dally. Sunday Included, ons year J : Dally, Sunday Included, one month 'a ;, How to Remit send postollics monsy or- der. express order or personal check on your i local bank. Stamps, coin or currency sre , at the sender's risk. Give postorflcs add rem 4 In full. Including county and state. ! Postage Bates 10 to 14 pages, 1 cent; 18 to 28 pages. 2 cents; SO to 40 pages, S cents. ; 40 to 60 pages. 4 cents. Foreign postage, doable rate. - . ' Eastern Business Offices Verre 41 "otik- - i lln Kew York. Brunswick building. Chl ? cao. steger building. San Frmndseo Oflea B. J. BldweU Co.. 142 Market street. 5 European Office No. S Regent street B. W., London. ( 1 j PORTLAND, BATCBJJAT, SEPT. L 191. 5, . : ROOSEVELT AND WILSON TBCST POLICIES. There is marked contrast between '' the attitude of Roosevelt and that of Wilson toward the trusts. Both pro ' fess hostility to monopoly, but there ' they part company. Roosevelt re- 1 gards many monopolies as the inevi- 2 tabla- developmeat of modern condl " tion and would dissolve them only ' where they are considered harmful to the public interests by a Federal com- mission, endowed with broad powers. He would regulate and control all corporations doing an interstate busi i ness and would mercilessly pursue t'any which did not voluntarily submit to the control of his commission in i case they committed infractions of ',- the law. Wilson would cut the ground from under the feet of monopoly by depriving it of those special privileges which have been the chief source of its growth by disentangling the Gov- ' ernment from special privilege. He would arrest and prevent monopoly -v and would revive competition "by changing the laws and forbidding the practices that killed it and by enact- : ing laws that will give it heart and i occasion again." How Roosevelt would carry out his 5 policy he explained in his confession 1 of faith. He regards as utterly hope- - 1 less any attempt to control the trusts he says control, not destroy or dis . solve by the anti-trust law. He would create a National industrial commission to regulate and control ; them, having power to deal with their abuses and to stop stock watering, : having free access to their books with ", power to compel publicity of the acts ? of any corporation which goes wrong, to grant immunity from prosecution to any corporation coming under the commission's control which obeyed . its orders, but to prosecute and break up any corporation violating its or 5 ders, whether that corporation had i' voluntarily come under its control or ; not; with power to fix maximum prices and to regulate wages. How Roosevelt would exercise the . power which he proposes should be t" given the Government must be Judged from his course while he was Presi ..dent. During that time the number of trusts grew with such amazing rapidity that 10,020 plants came under ; their control and their capitalization multiplied tenfold. He could have prevented their organization by in ; Junction; if not under the Sherman r law, then under the common law, but X he did nothing of the kind. He not i only permitted the formation of the steel trust, but tacitly sanctioned its i absorption of its principal competitor; though one of his own adherents, Herbert Knox Smith, has since de- 4 clared that half of this trust's stock J is water. He refused to prosecute the J harrester trust. During the entire seven and a half years of his admin istration he brought only forty-four 5 suits against trusts, many of which . were insignificant local affairs, though great trusts were growing up around him like weeds. His own course shows that he does not regard monop ' oly as an evil in itself, to be struck down by the Government as soon as it shows its head, but as something to be coddled or destroyed according to whether It conformed or did not conform to certain standards which ,' he would set up. - Wilson regards monopoly as an evil j to be fought and scoffs at the Roosa i velt theory that monopolies will not use their power for evil, the exercise V of that power being the very purpose - for which they are brought into : istence. By cutting down all those tariff duties which have bred monop ; oly. he would deprive the trusts of ' the chief source of their power. By forbidding and punishing the prac tices which are peculiar to trusts and the means of their organization and prosperity, he would drive them out of existence or compel their reorgani ; zation on a footing where they would . have no advantage other than that which their own natural position and the ability of their managers gave . them. By thus restoring equal oppor. tunltv. he would stimulate competi- tion. In the face of which no monop oly could stand unless it could com mand its field in the free and open straggle of trade. His platform de- ; clares a private monopoly indefensi- - ble and Intolerable, and maintains that state law should be supplemented I by Federal law, which shall lay down the conditions under which corpora ', tions may engage In interstate trade and which shall brand as unlawful those means and practices by which monopoly is bred and maintained. The manner in which Wilson would attain these ends Is shown by the Stanley v bill, which he is understood to have ' approved. ' Roosevelt regards a trust as a thing t which may or may not be good. Judg ment to be based on the way it acts. -Wilson regards a trust as Inherently evil. Their points of view and modes ; ! of treatment are therefore diametric i ally opposite. , Another Roosevelt policy has been ' carried out by the Taft administration, I though Taft gets no credit for it from Roosevelt or his men. Secretary ."i Fisher has confirmed the cancellation V, of the thirty-three Cunningham coal y claims in Alaska and the men who in -igood faith spent hundreds of thous . 'ands of dollars in complying with the law have been made the goats in an attempt to appease the men whose ' conception of conservation is to bot tle up Alaska. The development of " the Alaska coal fields is effectually stopped. Western Alaska is hermeti cally sealed, the Navy still imports roal from the East for the Pacific fleet at exorbitant prices, and the peo ple of the Pacific Coast are denied a supply of cheap coal, which lies at their doors. Roosevelt should cer tainly be satisfied ' with this tribute to the wisdom of his friend,- Plnchot. THE PEACEABLE. SOCIALISTS. Mr. ICitching may keep his money. He offers to give The Oregonian J100 if -it can prove, from the socialist platform, that the socialist preaches any kind of a revolution "except a peaceable revolution of ballots." Cer taJnJy, certainly. We suppose it was a peaceable revolution of ballots, and not bullets, that Debs meant when he offered to lead a million men into Idaho to see that Moyer and Haywood got Justice. Debs and his peaceable million stayed away, and Moyer and Haywood escaped Justice. What would have. happened if the "peaceable" co ercion threatened by Debs had mater ialized it is not easy to say. The Oregonian is not prepared to assert unconditionally that all pro gressive legislation in the United States is to be credited to the Republican party. That would be ridiculous. But the Republican party has been in complete control of the Federal Goverriment for sixteen years, though the present Congress has a Democratic House, and during that period the progressive movement has grown and matured, and progressive legislation has been enacted. Practi cally no other but Republican states have fostered so-called progressive measures. The Democratic states have done little. William Jennings Bryan, however, has done a great deal. , The socialistic platform proposes a radical programme by peaceable means, possibly; but if not by peace abletmethods, what methods? Whence comes all this menacing talk of "direct action"? Why the red flag? Is the red flag the emblem of peace? Why the "Marseillaise?" Is the "Marseil laise" the song of peace? Why the widespread soapbox propaganda of violent speech and ugly discontent? When the socialists drop the red flag and raise the American flag, and stifle the "Marseillaise" and sing "America," and teach loyalty and not eaHitinn. . arirl assure the Dublic that direct action does not mean defiant lawlessness and "physical force, tney will have somewhat more of the gen eral confidence. THE "WISE AN6WEB." We have come across a copy of the New Grammar School History of the United States. It is the California aiata Sorisi "Cnmnllen bv the State Text-Book Committee and approved by the State Board of Education" of Cal ifornia. On page 228 of this book we And the following faithfully historical account of an event in early days of the past century: During 1806 the States of New Jersey. Vermont, Pennsylvania. New York, Rhode Island, Maryland, Georgia and North Caro lina Invited Jefferson to be president a third time. For a while he made no reply, but In December, 1S0T, he declined and gave this reason: "That I should lay down my . . am mtirh a (illtV cnarx, a. yryji - as to have borne it faithfully. If some ter mination to the services or me -niei lstrate be not fixed by the Constitution, or supplied by practice, his office, nominally . . in fart hrnma for lor lour l " " " " - life: and history shows how easily that degenerates into an inneniance. This wise answer was heartily approved by the people all over the country, and with Washington's similar action established a custom which has generally been followed ever since. It seems to us that the State Text Book Committee, with the approvaa of tho fstata Rnarri nf Education, ought to compile a new school hlsory at once for use in the California schools. The following paragraphs suggest them selves as suitable additions: "While in 1807 the solicitation of oio-ht sratAs failed to divert President Jefferson from a highly patriotic reso lution, the plea or seven uovuniuu tai9 qmsmI Thpndore. Roosevelt to ig nore a century-old tradition and seek a third term. "At a time when the educators of California were teaching the school children of the state that Jefferson's refusal of a third term was a. -wise answer,' the Governor of California, urns ram naltmlne; as the running mate of the first and original third-termer." STILL A LOOPHOLE. "You are on trial, not I." said Sen ator Bourne to the Republican voters of Oregon when the issue of his re nomination was before them for con sideration. "In business, demonstrat ed efficiency is the sole measure of retention or promotion of the employe. Thus It should be in government. I am giving you the opportunity of demonstrating that in Oregon such is the case, and your failure so to dem onstrate will be your loss, not mine. You are on trial, not I." Yet the Republican voters made a signal failure, in the Senator's eyes, by falling to nominate him again for of fice. But is his beautiful faith In the people shattered? Not a bit of it. He has come to Oregon, to find out what was the matter. He has discovered it. The people did not have a fair trial. The trouble was that the newspapers do not "furnish truthful news about public men." This discovery is disconcerting to all newspapers, but It has disturbed principally our esteemed contempo rary, the Oregon Journal. The Jour nal points with pride to the devotion of its columns to the faithful chron icling of commendable services Sen ator Bourne has rendered the state and Nation. It almost challenges Sen ator Bourne to omit the Journal from his baneful Indictment. The Oregonian adds Its testimony to the case. The Journal has nobly defended Senator Bourne and has con sistently recorded most, if not all, of his activities in Just the manner, we should think, the Senator himself would desire. Yet and the sugges tion, is made with reluctance and a somewhat painful sacrifice of. convic" tion Senator Bourne need- not relin quish his modest confidence in his own merit or lose his sublime trust in the wisdom of the people on that account Perhaps the people do not read, the Journal. ... IRELAND'S HOPES . IN DANCES. The loss of Midlothian by -the Brit ish Liberals is the more ominous that It was brought about by the running of a Labor" candidate. Who,, split-the vote by which a. Liberal won at the previous election. This fact presages a break-up of the coalition to which the Asquith government owes Its ma jority. If after whittling down the coalition majority by - running third candidates at bye-electlons and thus turning over Liberal seats to the To ries, the Labor party should finally desert the coalition and Join the Tories, Asquith might be driven from power. The most serious consequence would be further postponement of Irish home rule. The home rule bill Is not yet through the House of Commons, which is expected to pass It finally at an adjourned session this Autumn. Its rejection by the Lords is a fore gone conclusion and it cannot be again passed by the Commons until the ses sion of 1913. The Lords are sure again to reject it and it cannot become law without their consent until passed again by he Commons in 1914. Be fore that time arrives .Asquith may have lost more seats at bye-elections and the Tories.may have succeeded by intrigue in prying the Labor party loose from the coalition. That may bring defeat to the Asquith Cabinet and force Its resignation. Ireland has endured the tortures of Tantalus. Her hopes of autonomy have been repeatedly "on the eve of realization when some unforeseen event has thwarted "them. 'Parnell had an Irresistible phalanx lined up be hind him in Parliament In support of Gladstone's home rule bill, when the exposure of his relations with Mrs. Nolan caused Gladstone to denounce him and drive him into retirement. The rise of the' Labor party now again threatens-to break up the forces which are united -for home rule and to post pone the assembling of an Irish Par liament on College Green far into the future. - ' EDUCATION AND CLOTHES. ' If we ' may believe current reports the Spokane high school girls are a great deal more interested in the ap pearance of their persons on gradua tion day than they are in the contents of their minds. The ceremonies come off next January, which is a long time ahead, but they have already begun to wrangle over the all-important sub ject of what shall be worn. Some fa vor sailor suits, some prefer cream colored serge. Party spirit ran high at the meeting where the momentous question was debated and perhaps the class may be divided, some wearing one uniform and some another. What a tragedy that would be. Surely the skies would tremble, if not fall, were the Spokane school girls to wear a variety of costumes on gradua tion day. How empty their heads may be ion that sublime occasion is not a subject of much importance. At any rate it does not seem to trouble either the girls or their teachers a great deal. Ardent educational enthusiasts Vook forward to a time when subjects other than clothes ajid athletics, fra ternities and sororities shall be of prime importance In our schools and colleges, but perhaps their expectations are baseless. Something ak'in to a revolution must take place In the educational world before the boys and girls who attend the high schools will think as much about their studies as they do about these extraneous affairs. There must be some reason for the marked diversion of their interest from the real pur pose of the schools, but nobody ap pears to be able to lay a finger upon it. One may perhaps surmise that the students have unconsciously drifted into the belief that the whole current scheme of education is rather frivol ous. They must know perfectly well that many of the studies which they are formally If not actually expected to pursue are Inconsequential. We may be thankful that they occupy their minds with interests as Innocent as clothes. Give them more that is earnest to work at and they will cease to be frivolous soon enough. PROFESSOR SCHAEFKR'S ORIGINAL ADDRESS. Readers who are interested in the progress of thought will be gratified to learn that Professor Schaefer"s presidential address before the British Association has now been published in this country and is therefore ac cessible to everybody who wishes to obtain it. The address is remarkable for the discussion which It contains of the origin of life and a scholarly spec ulation upon the probability of pro riiif'n llvinn- matter by synthetic chemistry. Professor Schaefer has little confidence in any of the current hypotheses concerning the origin of living matter on earth. The notion that it was brought here from. some other world has no standing because it mrnriirl i-enuira 60.000.000 years for it to traverse the distance between us and the nearest of the fixed stars. What living being could survive tor such an interval, even granting that it could escape all the possible mishaps of the Journey? It would require 160 years for living matter to reach the earth from our neighbor Mars, which Is equal to 60,000,000 as far as its effect upon this question is concerned. There is a curious speculation which seeks to account for the origin of life in another way. It holds to a doctrine called "cosmic pansperma," according to which life is inherent in the me teoric dust everywhere dispersed through space. This life-bearing ma terial slowly sinks through the atmos phere to the surface of the ' ground and thus the first -living germs may have been brought to our sphere. But Professor Schaefer remarks about all such theories that they merely evade the problem of the origin of life. They do not solve it. They slip away from the issue by saying that living matter first appeared in some remote quarter of the universe which It is out of our power to investigate. In other words they tacitly give up the problem as one that cannot be solved. But Professor Schaefer believes that it can be solved. He has no faith In Dr. Charlton Bas tian's experiments, but there are oth ers of kindred nature which appear to him to be strictly scientific and re liable. Dr. Bastian, as the reader will remember, seals up certain sterilized preparations in flasks and after wait ing for a time fancies that he finds living organisms in them. Professor Schaefer says that no eminent scien tific man except Dr. Bastian himself has anv confidence in these results. The"bodies which the experimenter de tects really exist, of course, but they only simulate life. Indeed, Professor Schaefer manes u ..,. ,.i r that it is difficult to dis criminate between animate and inani mate matter. The old test or spon tn.nna mnvRmnnt" is not sufficient, ir, ihera are a great many colloidal substances which wriggle about like living creatures, jvor is ine assimua. .i tnnA an . adeauate test. This process goes on among Inorganic sub stances by the agency ot osmusis u i i. Tti-ooiaelv the same force which sucks up nutriment through the walls of the intestine into - the blood. Nor can we make growth and reproduction riirhi, Hiatlnrtion between living an iinmiiu.u u.w.. - and inanimate matter, inasmuch as crystals both grow to a fixed stature like animals and reproduce their kind is sufficient nutriment provided. Indeed there is no satisfac- torv criterion oy wiutn Kicute j.inttaiv rttarriminate between sub stances which are alive and those that are not. This, in iroiessor cscnaeiers view, is ,a hopeful circumstance be cause it seems to Indicate that he line between life and death is illusory. The inorganic passes Into the organic by transitions so minute that they cannot be traced. He has a pretty clear concept of the way life might perhaps have be gun on earth. That it originated in the depth of the ocean, as many im agine, he does not hold to be a settled point by any means. The conditions in the soil are probably more favor able for the mystic transformation, since in that ' situation matter is sub ject to a great variety of influences from temperature, electrical currents, magnetism, chemical affinity and so on. The indubitable indications are that animate matter in no way differs from inanimate as far as its chemistry is concerned. Indeed,, many organic substances have been produced in the laboratory and Professor Loeb has even fertilized an egg artificially. We may therefore safely believe that on some occasion a little mass of colloidal slime may have been precisely so sit uated as to pass into the chemical con dition which we designate by the ad jective "alive," but it certainly did not acquire the form and properties of a cell with a nucleus all at once. This came about by insensible transitions. Multiplication and reproduction are easily accounted for because all masses of colloidal slime tend to fall asunder when they attain a certain size, ' After this process had been carried on for a long time the earth would be inhab ited everywhere by living substances, though they would be extremely ele mentary. The development of the cel lular form with a nucleus" Would be merely a matter of time, since in the very nature of things the vital ele ments would tend to segregate them selves In the interior of each living body. By the accidents of - existence some cell would happen to exchange the contents of its nucleus with some other and thus sexual reproduction would begin. Such an exchange would give a marked impetus to the develop ment of the creature to which It oc curred and a corresponding advantage in the struggle for survival would re sult. Of course as soon as we have reached the nucleated cell all the rest of the history of life follows necessar ily from the law of evolution. Although Professor Schaefer repudi ates Bastian's results, he sees no rea son to believe that life originated once and for all at any particular time or place. It may have begun at many spots far apart and on many different occasions. It may in fact be originating every day, though in forms so indis tinct that they elude observation. The simple truth of the matter, according to Professor Schaefer, Is that life must have begun on earth somewhere and somehow and there Is no good rea- danci that the conditions OUU 1UI ut.i.j..'B which made it possible in the first place occur sUU. . .remaps tney uwui frequently. Ohio voted not to restrict the power of the Judiciary rejecting the con stitutional amendments which would have limited labor injunctions to the protection ' of physical property and which would have granted jury trials In all cases where contempt is com mitted outside of a courtroom. Seven other propositions failed. Including woman suffrage, abolition of death penalty and good roads, but less than one-half the qualified voters took part in the electiorf, and once more important constitutional changes are adopted, less by the active demand fnr thm than bv the inaction of those who simply let them have their way. The difficulty about direct legislation If, thus seen to lie in the unwillingness of half the voters to legislate. . The opening of the door of hope to the Northern negro and the closing of the same door to the Southern negro by the Roosevelt Progressives does not appeal to W. H. Lewis, the colored Assistant Attorney-General of the United States. Referring to the statement that the Democratic ,policy towards the negro- Is brutal and the Republican policy hypocritical, Mr. Lewis says that of the Progressives is both brutal and hypocritical. This portends a real division of the negro vote and the failure of the Roosevelt scheme to win it in the North while countenancing its suppression in the South. A favorite phrase in Democratic tariff planks is: "Expenses of the Gov ernment economically administered." We all have an interest in the practice of economy, for it prevents the taking of money out of our pockets. Hence credit is due to President Taft for having reduced expenses 18,000,000 a year while extending the operations of the Government, after an increase of $191,000,000 during the two terms of Kis predecessor." But little interest is taken in economy and its practice Is about as thankless a task as a man can undertake. While aeroplanes are being turned out by the hundreds in Europe, have taken part in the war in Tripoli and in French, German and English man euvers, their manufacture In this country languishes. The cause is the suit of the Wrights in defense of their patents, which may cumber the courts for several years. Scarcely any great invention is made in this country without a lawsuit to obstruct its de velopment. This is as true of the telephone as of the aeroplane. Judges are elected to administer justice for the people, not to decide t...-.wn lawvers. The State Bar As- uctn" . --j sociation of Washington can no more appropriately recommend a candidate for Supreme Judge than the bankers can recommend a candidate for State Bank Examiner. The parties chiefly wtoci in the selection of a judge are the litigants, and those chiefly Interested in the selection oi a tjann Examiner are the depositors. A trainload of sheep, fattened on grass kept green by continued Summer rains, left Bend yesterday for Chicago, and Easterners will soon" tickle tholr palates with "prime Oregon lamb," for this product is too good to be called "mutton." The man who devises use of his es tate during life to his widow is hardly doing right to his lifelong companion. What she helped build, she should In not many cities are built sewers large enough to be investigated by In spectors riding in automobiles, but Portland has that distinction. Nine shingle mills on Puget Sound have shut down, and this is the very time when roofs need repair for the Winter. ' "Around police headquarters they seemed to think the loot was suitable for a potlatch. WTilson is sure of the fans. He has shaken hands with Ty Cobb. Local Progressive candidates will certainly be handplcked. Kellaher could not continue his two horse act REQ,l"ISITES OP FRAT MEMBERSHIP Wealth and Classy Appearance . Admit .-' Majority, Asserts Barbarism. PORTLAND, Sept 20. (To' the Ed itor.) If you are not wearied already by the discussion of fraternities I would beg room for my humble thoughts on this subject. I am just a plain American who has gone through high school and university without the "refining" influence of fraternity lite. I attended two different universities, and, from my experience there and. in the preparatory school, I do not hesi tate to state that fraternities are a serious menace to the real American spirit of equality. The cordial princi ple of these societies is excluslveness. The requisites for admission, in the order of their Importance, are wealth, self-assurance or "classy" appearance, and cleverness. The majority of the members are admitted on the first two qualifications, and then a few, who are usually of moderate means but who really possess cleverness are taken in to provide the requisite amount of brains and stamina at least to lend an air of respectability to the whole. In a few cases none of these redeeming ones are included In the membership. I have several very good friends among fraternity men of th"e latter sort, and in some instances I have been given to understand by them that they were really disgusted with their affiliations. While attending a large university in California I had a student friend who, during his junior year, took a position as assistant in the gymnasium. At the beginning it fell to his lot to assist in the required physical exam ination of the entering freshmen. A prominent fraternity, realizing that this gave my friend the opportunity of see ing every freshman, offered him a sub stantial remuneration if he would ob tain for It the name of every one who was well dressed and had the appear ance of having money. Which goes to show that the very first requisite is wealth. They make a great point of their "brotherly love" and honor which their organizations are alleged to develop and foster. I personally had fed and clothed at two different times fraternity men who were ashamed in their tem porary difficulty to go to the local fraternity house and ask for 'some of that "brotherly love," realizing full well the disdainful air with which they would be received. In regard to the honor part, I at this time hold a ficti tious check for $25 passed on me two years ago by one of the "classiest" looking frat men I have ever known, and I am still looking for him. Did you ever meet a fraternity man and not have him ask you immediately what frat you belong to? In his esti mation the answer to that question classifies a man instantly. If you are compelled shamefacedly to confess that you are a mere barbarian I ask' you to notice the supercilious raising of the eyebrows and the patronizing air which immediately permeates the conversa tion. i. e., if it is allowed to continue at all. In my Innocent student days 1 used to look with more or less envy on the well-dressed, self-assured ones who, I knew, looked do.vn on me and the other common mortals so .condescendingly. Not that I or my fellow barbarians, who in some cases had to work our way through college, felt the least in feriority, but we knew that the fra ternity men thought' they were better than we, and the feeling hurt. It Is a feeling that no American should be compelled to feel. But now that I have grown older and have seen so many of the elect sink back rnto obscurity, sup ported by their, relatives, and with no achievement behind or before them other than the great right to wear the fi at pin on the lower corner of their vest, or" just over the heart, I can at least look one of them in the eye with out trembling. BARBARIAN. PfEW CRIME OF JUDAS ISCARIOT Adds Infamy to Odious Xante by Be traying Roosevelt. . . New York World. Words fail us in the attempt to pic ture our abhorrence and detestation of the latest crime, of Judas Iscariot. It appears that Judas also betrayed MS. Mr. Roosevelt told the whole .sad, sickening story In his speech at Port land. Judas Iscariot' s other name is Thomas McCusker. He was a dele gate to the Republican National con vention at Chicago. He voted with the crooks and burglars and counter feiters and pirates and second-story workers and buccaneers and porch climbers and thieves and forgers and asassins to seat Taft delegates, and then McCusker "turned around and voted, for ME against MY own personal protest." To think that a human beingeven Judas Iscariot could descend to such depths of infamyl As Mr. Roosevelt so sweetly and pa tiently and gently remarked to his au dience of horror-stricken Oregonians: "If he wanted to play the part of a Judas he might have omitted the kiss. It is not a nice thing to be a Judas, but the klHS Is an added touch that might have been omitted." We think so, too, and we hope that Perkins will pour enough Harvester trust money into Oregon this time to put Judas Iscariot out of business once and tor all. Settlement of Estate. FOREST GROVE. Or., Sept. 19. (To the Editor.) (1) When a piece of land is deeded to a man and his wife jointly and one of them dies, would the title of said piece of land go to the other without any court proceedings, and if so, when the one living sells said piece of land, would an affidavit attached to abstract to the effect that the one was deceased be sufficient? (2) If a man wishes his wife to come into possession of his real estate after his death, will a deed to that effect, recorded after his death, be sufficient, and in such a case would estate have to be probated? (3) If a man dies and leaves an es tate, but not will, what interest In said estate does his wife and children get? H. C. PARKER. (1) Yes. (2) The deed would be sufficient If delivery had been made prior to the husband's decease. If there was no other property, probate proceedings would not be required. (3) The wife receives during life one-half the Income from the estate. These answers apply only to Oregon. United State Consuls Abroad. HILLSBORO, Or., Sept, 17. (To the Editor.) (1) Who is the American Consul at Sydney, Australia? (2) Who is the Uruguayan Minister to America and what Is his address? (3) Who is the American Consul at Montevideo, Uruguay? I. D. 1 (1) John P. Bray, Consul-General, Sydney. , (2) Dr. Carlos Maria de Pena, Wash ington City. (3 Frederic W. Godlng, Consul-Gen-eral, Montevideo. Pressing Woolens. EUGENE, Or., Sept. 19. (To the Edi tor.) Kindly tell me how I can suc cessfully press serge or woolen gar ments without making them shine. A SUBSCRIBER. The customary method is to lay a damp cloth on the garment and press over that, not letting the iron, come in contact with the goods to . be pressed. Adoption of Child. PORTLAND, Sept 19 (To the Edi tor.) (1) Having been divorced and married again, my husband, wishing to adopt my child, which is a girl, where must I go? (2) What does It cost? A SUBSCRIBER. (1) To any County Court. (2) The cost is nominal SOCIALISTS -AND REVOLUTION. Propaganda of the Red Flag Party De fended. PORTLAND, Sept. 20. (To the Ed itor.) In the editorial article entitled "Socialistic Phrase Making" in The Sunday Oregonian, Mr. Seidel's criti cism of the Republican party is at tacked, and the truth of his remarks denied. No doubt each of the other political parties would deny the truth of his statements as pertaining to them individually, but would agree in a measure with his arraignment of the other parties. It will be admitted that campaign oratory sometimes over shoots the mark. The Oregonian will admit this, I am sure. Then if Mr. Seidel's statements con cerning the other parties Is a bit over drawn, what of The.Oregonlan's claims that the Republican party is sole sponsor for all progressive legislation? W. J. Bryan would take exceptions to that statement, and would adduce col umns of evidence . to show that the Democratic party alone was the agent by which progressive legislation was obtained. The Oregonian's broad assertion that the movement for social justice and Industrial equality has been promoted solely through the Republican party falls flat upon an examination of facts. Republican judges, appointed by Re publican officials, have obstructed most of the progressive legislation that an aroused constituency has forced through Republican and Democratic Legislatures. Is it not so? The Oregonian's statement that the Socialist party deserves less from the hands of the people than any of the others, is open to question. The reasons given for. this statement are not based on facts. The constructive - policy of the So cialist, administration in Milwaukee, Wis.; the attempts of the present Mayor of Schenectady, N. Y., to alleviate the suffering of the poor in that city by conducting a municipal ice plant, and the appointment of Miss Helen Keller, the noted blind girl, on the Child Con servation Bureau, all of these attempts to ameliorate the condition of the peo ple by Socialists are In direct contra diction to the statement above re ferred to. I am a poor man, but I will give $100 to the poor of our city if The Oregonian can prove from the platform of the Socialist party that the Socialist party preaches any kind of a revolution but a peaceable, peaceful revolution of bal lots. This is a bona fide offer. CHAS. J3. K ITCHING. "OLD MAIDS" TREATED UNKINDLY Personal Experience Related to Show Injustice of Usnal Attitude. 1 PORTLAND, Sept 20. (To the Edi tor.) I wish to add a few words to what "a young old maid" has written regarding unmarried women. It seems to me very unfair that married women should have all the praise and respect, while unmarried women get nothing but ridicule and contempt. I believe that in most cases the woman who Is not married leads a more unselfish life than the married woman, and, besides, it is not often the woman's fault that she is not n'.arried. Perhaps a page from my own history might prove to some the truth of what I say. I am one of a large family. My mother married when she was very young, and as she was an Invalid and very Inexperienced she was quite un fit for the task of bringing up chil dren or taking care of a home, so the burden fell on me at a very early age. I took up the burden as bravely as 1 could, always hoping that some time my "day" should come, but it never came. When offers of marriage came I had to decline, for I could not leave my aged father and helpless mother, but I declined with a breaking heart, for I did long for love as much as any one. Now at the age of 30 I am too tired and sad to wish to take on new re sponsibilities. My only wish is for the quiet grave, yet I may have to live many dreary years yet. I am alone in the world and have no wish to make new acquaintances or go out among people, for I know they look upon me as an old maid and therefore despise me. When I -go to. a party everybody slights me, for no one wishes to be seen talking to an old maid. Now, If I had done anything disgraceful or even selfish I should see no Injustice in being treated so, but why should I be despised for doing my duty? I wish people could see how cruelly they treat unmarried women and how much they add to their sorrow. I write this not to. get sympathy for myself, for I have had all I want of this world, but in the hope that it may lead at least a few people to think more kindly of unmarried women. JANET. Officers Seeking Re-Election. RIDGEFIELD, Wash., Sept. 18. (To the Editor.) Please give the names of the state officers of Washington, who are candidates for re-election and un der what party they are seeking of fice. . . G. A. G. M. E. Hay, Governor; C. W. Clausen, Auditor; I. M. Howell, Secretary of State; W. V. Tanner, Attorney-General, are candidates for re-election t6 the offices they now bold. All have been nominated on the . Republican ticket. W. E. Humphrey, First District, and W. M. La Follette, Third District, present Representatives in Congress, are can didates for re-election as Republicans. Stanton Warburton, the Representa tive from the Second District, seeks re election as . a Progressive. Wallace Mount and O. G. Ellis, Justices of the Supreme Court, are up for re-election on the non-partisan Judiciary ticket. R. O. Dunbar, the third Justice nominated for re-election, has died since the pri maries. Population Figures. SALEM, Or., Sept. 19. (To the Edi tor.) (1) What are the six largest cities in the world, and their popula tions? (2) The population of Dominion of Canada? A. K. TUB&x. 1. Londen, 7,262,963"; New York, 4,766, 883; Paris, 2.846.986; Chicago, 2,185,283; Tokio, 2,168,151; Berlin, 2,064,153. The population of Registration London in 1911 w?s 4.522,964, and with metropoli tan and city police districts 7,252,963. Population of Greater New York and its Westchester and New Jersey sub urbs in 1910 was 6,501,178. Berlin's es timated population with suburbs was 3,400,000 in 1910. 2. Canada, 7,200,000. License for Peddlers and Agents. DALLAS, Or., Sept. 19. (To the Edi tor.) What is the law in Oregon re garding agents? Are they obliged to have a license as in some states? A SUBSCRIBER. License is required of real estate agents in the City of Portland. Regu lation in other cities depends on char ter provisions. Outside of cities that have charter regulations, all peddlers, including persons who offer from house to house merchandise at retail for fu ture delivery, by sample or catalogue, must obtain license from the County Treasurer. . This does not . apply to peddling or selling agricultural, farm or nursery products. Corrupt Practices Act. PENDLETON, Or., Sept. 19. (To the Editor.) 1. Please explain the "cor rupt practices act." 2. When will The Hague conference meet next. MRS. R. G. 1. The corrupt practices act is too lengthy and comprehensive to be ex plained in these columns. In full. It comprises some 12,000 words, or the equivalent of ten newspaper columns. 2. The Hague conference was held In 1899. The Hague tribunal, estab lished as the result of the conference, is a permanent international court of arbitration. Half a Century Ago From The Oregonian of September 22. 1862. BALTIMORE, Sept. 12. On Wednes day morning heavy firing was heard In the direction of Harper's Ferry. Rebel General Lorlng had crossed the Po tomac at WHliamsport and was march ing towards Harper's Ferry, where he had commenced attack on Federals, who opened masked batteries and repulsed them with much slaughter. Legislative Proceedings House: Mes sage from the Senate giving notice that the bill organlxlna: Baker County had passed that body was received. Sa Baker County was organized. BALTIMORE, s"ept. 13. General Hooker took possession of Frederick last night. McClellan entered that city this morning. , CINCINNATI. SepT. 12. The Rebel Army has fallen back beyond Florence. Prisoners say retreat was made because they heard of Buell's advance Into Ken tucky. The news that "General Stevens, of Washington Territory, was killed in one of the late battles on the Potomac we fear is true. AUTOMOBILES AND GOOD ROADS Modern Needs Must Be Reeognlsedt but Speed Limits Must Be Set.' PORTLAND, Sept. 20. (To the Edi tor.) On the first day of July last there " were 891,432 gasoline-burning autos In. active use in the United States ind 32,000 autos that were run by electricity. From recent reports of sales made by auto manufacturers-that number has so increased that we have at least 1.000,000 autos of different de scriptions running today. This new method of travel requires a change of roadbed. The soft-surfaced road that Is required for the safety of the horse, mule and ox to walk upon Is not suitable for the auto. We all realize that it is very hard work to make some people see the necessity of the change. Our fathers and grandfathers fought the introduc tion of steam railroads. It would ruin the country. The stagecoach was good enough for their fathers and mothers to ride in. It was good enough for them. Men of the capacity of mind of Dan iel Webster, Henry Clay and others or like nature fought against the Intro duction of electricity as a means of communication between different parts of our country. We have many so called wise men today who are fighting against the great Improvements of this day and age of the world. The auto has come to stay and we. must prepare a way for it. At the same time we must restrict the speed of auto drivers. No auto driver should be allowed to exceed the speed of 20 miles per hour on roads that are used for com mon travel. The best auto road that can be constructed will not stand the strain that an auto gives the surface when exceeding the 20-mile limit. If men wish to exceed that speed let them provide racetracks, the same as we have for our fast horses at county fairs. There they can run as fast as they please. But the highways, where all people are expected to travel, should have a speed limit, and that not to exceed 20 miles an hour. The suction Is so great under the soft-yielding tires of our autos that a swift-running auto will destroy the best track that could be made. We are now in the experimental age of auto roadbuilding.. From the re reports that we have from Europe and our Eastern states, where they have expended millions of money in experimenting, we find that the auto track that is made by first laying a solid surface of broken stone, that rolled down hard, then that given four inches of sifted gravel and sand mixed with prepared tar or asphaltum oil, wears hard and keeps smooth, pro vided the speed limit of autos is kept down to a reasonable pace. Police regulation should not allow ah auto to pass another that is running up to the speed limit, and that limit should be not over 20 miles an hour. The day is not far distant when we shall have a good auto track from the Atlantic to the Pacific Coast. The road will be built with two tracks, with a parkway between the tracks. The parkway and the sides of the road will be set with walnut trees. The sales' of the nuts from the trees will keep the track in good repair.' The auto in the hands of an in competent man or woman is far worse than the revolver. Ten people are murdered today by heedless auto drivers where one Is killed by the re volver. The penalty for exceeding the 20 miles per hour on public highways should be heavy fines and Imprison ment. CICERO NEWELL. When Note Is Outlawed. TUALATIN, Or., Sept. 14. (To the Editor.) (1) In what time does a note become uncollectable after the last payment of interest thereon? (2) A due bill? (3) An account? INQUIRER. - Six years in Oregon. This answer is for all three questions. Special Features in The Sunday Oregonian Life Aboard Battleships The 1000 men aboard a modern levia than of the Navy make up a fru gal household. Description of life on board the battleship Delaware is interesting and instructive. More About Hirts An admis sion by a woman writer that those of her sex love through their ears. Unmasked This is a sequel to "The Woman in Red" and is a thrilling short story. Enrope's Trust Problems Dif ferent nations in Europe engaged in controversies over monopolis tic questions. Differences are shown between German combines and American trusts.. The Decline ' of Courtesy French writer laments that olden days of chivalry have gone to stay, and points out that people 's manners are brusque. The Emigrant Maker An Ac count of a widow's experiences in America that is full of heart in terest. More Angels of Mercy With the passage of a new law, the scope of the Red Cross Society has been broadened. America now has the world's greatest reserve corps of nurses. Full page, illus trated with photos. Why Was King Rogers Killed? An account of the strange career of an American adventurer who met death in Africa at the hands of British soldiers. The Polo Girl Another bril liant poster in colors which is well worth cutting out and saving.
