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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (June 16, 1911)
TTTE ?rOKnXG OTCEGOXIAX. FRIDAY, JUNE 16, 1911. i Entr4 at Portland. Oracon. rvmlottlc ae tocond-O Matter. IuUuijiim Invariably ta Atbbo. (BT MAIL) riTT. (n4? tncladad. ri yr. . ... . rally. 7 Included, ! aonth . ... 4.1J rally. Bun4y Included, three inoncna.. XjftJlp, IwBdfty lel4. muntL. . . - -JJ ti;r. without Sundair. on yr ..... 2? It y. without S-jntf ay. afx aonthl la.l. vlUout Buadajr, tlxrM months. I aily. wiumi Baaday. M out. . . . Wfy. wr . uada, aat yaar..... J unUay U4 wawkly. ao yoar. - Iir?y. Bandar rB-a4t. on yoar. ee I;ly. 8uB4ay loalodod. M tnoolk.... .T Ham t KamJt -8na poatoffle mmay crdar. uprm wdw or poraeaal hofc your local tail. mantpa, ooln or riarroocy aro at tha aoodor'a rule OI poaaoffxa adtrooa la fall, Iaried:sc oountr and etmuv foocaao Katra 18 to 14 paioa. t cant: 1 ta 3 pacaa. 2 cnU; 10 ta ". 0 to x paaoa. 4 coata. Xerolsa poata4 aaabia rata. Eaatora nmln OfTlrov Vrr Conn Ba Xow Tori. HrunawMk, bultdlas- Cat- fimr kot'd it rOatTLoVXD. riUDA T. JfB 1. 1,1 L XATTOr Ai. DCTT WXLX, DOXK. The time will coma soon. It may be nippoeed. wtien tha Administration at Vjh!rntoa will take tha country Into lu full confidence as to the reasons for mobilising tha American, troops on tha Mexican boundary. Tat tha peo ple ara In a remarkably patient mood, contracted with the excitement, won der and Impatience manifested when the aensatiiiaaj movement of troopa began. There has been no war. The resentment of no foreign nation, rowed friend or putative foe, has been excltnl. The Insurrection is prac tically over. Feace and order along; tha border hare been preserved. The possible aggressions of the Mikado have been foiled. The preparedness of the small American Army has been demonstrated. The "maneuvers" hare been a success. The people of the United States ara already satisfied. without official knowledge, that J he President acted with wisdom and Justifiable celerity In the Mexican matter. The profes sional critics, who were rreatly dis turbed at tha VaTessive advance agalut a friendly cation, and were loudly apprehensive of a disastrous international lmbreglio. now have nothing to say. They were mistaken. Their agitation was for public effect. They knew little aboat Mexico and less about its Internal affairs. They cared nov anything. Their main purpose was to embarrass tlie Administration by demanding explanations when explan ations could not well be made. Soon they may be made without difficulty, but tha anguished curiosity of the yellow-peril alarmists grows leas and less acute as the time- of closing the episode draws near. A satisfactory and convincing statement from Wash ington is the last thing they want. Mexico Is calm or becoming calm. Japan Is just as far away as ever. President rlas has peaceably with drawn, a friendly government has been Installed, tha foreign nations have been reassured, and a - clear Na tional duty has been done. President Tart's policy toward Mexico has been vindicated. MIX ATORIAI, COOrTTJiT aVERlKVB. Senatorial courtesy Is sometimes stretched to such limits that, no mat ter who Is talking. It Is difficult to It now who Is speaking. Sutherland had tha floor for a set speech on direct election on one occasion when Rayner asked to be heard. The Vice-President naked Sutherland If ha would yield, and Sutherland replied, "Cer tainly." Then Rayner made a little speech and he and Sutherland had a wordy colloquy with a few remarks from Root Interpolated. Next Will lams took a hand and there were three of them at It through a whole page of the Congressional Record: Will lams retired and Nelson stepped Into tha fray, followed by Heyburn and Koran, who Joined Rayner In keeping the talk flowing through another col umn of the Record. Sutherland now grew tired of keep ing hrs speech bottled up while tha other Senators talked. When Borah asked leave to put in another word, he said: "I will yield to the Senator from Idaho and then 1 must proceed." He) burn then interpoeed, bursting with an Idea, and shut off Lodge, who also had one. and Sutherland reluc tantly yleldej to him with the hope that he would be brief. Hcyburn delivered himself of his Idea and promptly Lode. Rayner and others ara. Sutherland declined to yield further, but. unable to resist Lodge's appealing glance, relented In his favor. F.ayner began to talk, but was re buked by the Vice-President and sub elded. Lodge made his few remarks nd Sutherland, expressing his "desire to get back to the point where I was when the etrm broke." resumed his speech. But the storm was not yet rver. for another iuall came between Futherland and Rorah. bofore the former was allowed to finish his argument. And what was this all about? It concerned the purpose of the framers cf tha Constitution In .giving Congress authority to fit tha time, place and manner of election of Senators by rate legislatures a purely academical question, which was of live Interest in 17. but is out of date in 1111. since Federal control of Congressional elec tions was abandoned in practice dur ing the Hayes Administration and an attempt to revive It was defeated by Quay's great filibuster. What Con gress has In effect decided not to at tempt with regard to members of tha House. It Is not likely to attempt with regard to tha Senate, and the Sectors Jrnow It. They only talked about this subject and let their Senatorial cour tesy step on tha toga of their Sena torial dignity la order to keep away from the main question. They sought to confuse tha Issue by talking about tha right of Congress to exercise a power which there Is only tha remot est possibility that It aver would exercise Tha reading of one day's proceed ings of tha Senate makes apparent that there U a great deal of old-world trash in Its rules, customs and tradi tions, which would ba thrown out by a body which knew It had to produce tanglbl results for tha people or stay at home. ' Tha Oregonlan thinks tha new audi torium ought to ba grouped as nearly a possible with other public build ings. It Is not concerned about the specific site. The Mechanics Fair site would be satisfactory. The Lincoln High School site would be good. If ob jection Is made that the school district would Insist on payment tha ar il et price, it may ba replied that the taxpayer even then only takes money out of one pocket to put It In another. But perhaps the school district, having practically the same boundaries ter ritorially as Portland, might be per suaded to turn . over the site to the city. Wry not? Or possibly a baste .of trade of tha Mechanics' Fair site for tha Lincoln site might be arranged. RECALLING AN OREGON JTBGE! There Is talk, we hear, of recalling a Judge In Southern Oregon who pre sided at a recent notorious murdor trial and who made puling not pleas ing to friends of tha homicide's vic tim. Tha defendant was acquitted; therefore the Judge must be held ac countable. Why not? A Judge on the boach ought so to conduct his court as to please everybody, not to offend anybody. If he cannot do it, fails tn his obvious duty, set the recall on him. That Is what It Is for to get rtd of unpopular public officials mayors, councllmen, legislators. Judges and all officers under the representa tive system who do not represent. To avoid misunderstanding. The Oregon Ian will say that the foregoing is written derisively and sarcastically. It has been unable to see, however, any difference, except perhaps In degree, between tha recall for a governor or a mayor or a legislator and the recall for a Judge. The recall Is a ready Instrument for the removal of un faithful public officers. If it la proper to invoke the recall on an unfaithful mayor or councilman, why Is It not proper to Invoke the recall on an un faithful Judge? But who 'shall say when a Judge Is unfaithful? Who shall accuse him? Disappointed litigants, or tha friends and partisans of dis satisfied plaintiffs or defendants? Should there be a trial or U the ar bitrament of the public sufficient? We suppose It ought to be, since the public is entitled to have such public officers as It wants. Including Judges, and to dismiss such as it does not want, merely for the reason that It does not want them. This Southern Oregon Judge. If there hall ba an attempt to recall him. will of course not be recalled. But wa think the Incident may open the eyes of the public to the necessity of put ting soma safeguards about this Im portant feature of tha Oregon system. If the recall may be used on a Judge for hia decisions, why may not the referendum be Invoked against the decisions themselves? rrouc wix. Tha ruling of tha War Department fixing a closed period for the Willam ette River drawbridges Is the logical outcome of the failure of the Govern ment's case against Judge Cleeton and Commissioners Lightner and Hart sev eral months ago. As pointed out at that time, the court decision sustained the county au thorities In an important particular. While It held that the county, without the consent of the Government, could not lawfully establish a closed draw period that would remain in force de spite absence of land trafllc congestion. It plainly conceded that land traffic should not be unreasonably blockaded by obedience to draw signals from river craft. This decision might reasonably have been expected. In the absence of War Department concessions, to result In continual conflict between the discre tion of the bridge tenders and the de mands of the vessels In the river. No gauge or standard could be fixed whereby the bridge tenders could de termine that the land traffic needs pre dominated over those of the river trafllc, or vice versa. Attempt to ex ercise discretion In opening the draws might reasonably have, been expected to causa a succession of criminal ac- in whlrh luriea would determine whether the law had been violated by the brldce operators. The War Department's order, how aver, clears the situation and. more over, concedes' what the great major ity of Portland s citizens desire, in er trft it is a eomDromlse, for had land traffic Insisted on Its rights, opening of the draws might have Deen aeniea at any hour of the day when the volume nt mrrii tramc became rreat. Still. the thousands of people destined for their homes in the evening rush hours would not have had complete assur ance that they would not be delayed. Vrohablv. In view of the order, the county authorities, representing the land traffic Interests, will not Insist on their rights between closed periods. But In the morning ana evening rusn hours quick passage to and from the East and West Sides will be assured. LAWS PROTECTIOX OT XTRDntKR. The United States excels not only In the rate of Its development, the mileage of Its railroads, the genius of Its Inventors, the size of its swollen fortunes, the hugeness of Its trusts, the speed, strength and skill of its ath letes, but In the number of Its mur ders. It also excels In the proportion of Its murderers w ho go not only un hanged or unelectrorute'd, but alto gether unpunished. The fault lies less with the law than with the lawyers and Judgea and tha rules of procedure they have made for the courts. Much fault also Uea with tha Jury system and finally with public opinion. In an article In tha World's Work, Herbert F. Fisher says that approxi mately tOOO murders and homicides are committed annually In the United States and that less than I per cent of tha guilty are punished. He sums up the record of the principal nations thus: Today we nave la the Cnlted States 111 homt-Me per mllltoa Inhabitant: Italy has !u6 por mlllloa, Uormanr IS. Franca 19, Groat Brltaia aad lraiand 17 par tnliUoa. Great Britain hangs one In four murderers and does it promptly; the United States hangs one In fifty and the Interval between murder' and hanging Is so long that the newspapers have to remind their readers for what crime tha man Is hanged. When a murderer Is captured in Britain, public discussion of the case ceases until ha Is tried. Then the Judge and Jury, not the lawyers, try him. The Judge runs tha court, not tha lawyers. If ha Is sentenced to be hanged, three Sundays ara allowed to Intervene before execution. The only Question remaining Is: Will the Home Secretary, who exercises the pardon ing power of tha King, commute the sentence or pardon the prisoner. It Is at that point that public opinion takes a hand, but Home Secretaries are chary about exercising the power nd they don't worry much about senti mental public opinion; they demand sound reasons for action. In tha United States, if a murderer happens to ba caught, all the evidence Is threshed out by the public before tha trial. Every "1" must be dotted, very "t crossed In tha indictment or It may be annulled. Several days are consumed in empaneling a Jury, while as many hours suffice In Eng land. The question becomes: Will the murderer be convicted In the first or some other degree? If he Is con victed in any degree, the question Is, Will he ret a new trial? If he is de nied a new trial, the question Is. Will the Governor pardon him or commute the sentence? Then all the murder era' friends and relations and all their friends and relations and often the Judge, Jury and prosecuting attorney petition the Governor to pardon or commute. The Governor, being sua ceptlble, pays more attention to the urgent pleas of the Insistent few than to the desires of the apathetic many who consider that they have elected officials to attend to the hanging of murderers and do not trouble about It unless a particularly glaring failure of Justice Is threatened. Inefficient police and detective service are also partly responsible, but that is a sub ject by Itself. In the end we find that a low value Is put on the life of trie good citizen who is murdered and' a very high value on that of the man who murders him. We ought to reverse tha valuation. St'GAB TRrST TASKS CONSUMER. Tho admissions of President Atkins, of tha sugar trust, before the House committee, show that the trust is Im posing a direct tax on the people of the Pacific Coast, being enabled to do so by its virtual monopoly. The trust controls the Pacific Coast refineries and establishes the same price on the Pacific as on the Atlantic Coast, al though the Pacific Coast refineries get raw sugar free of duty from Hawaii and the Philippines, while the Atlantic refineries pay $1.84 per hundred pounds duty on Cubar sugar. The difference on the Pacific Coast, goes to the trust Instead of to the consumer and is sufficient to offset freight by railroad as far east as Chicago. Such a condition holds out little prospect of relief to the consumer from free raw materials until tne trusts have been subjected to more rigid regulation or competitive condi tions have been restored. Even when the tariff on manufactured articles is reduced, such trusts as the Lnlon Thread trust will not be affected, for that conc6rn has mills In both the United States and Scotland, and what it lost In profit on American product It would gain on European product. The trusts are gradually becoming International, building factories In Canada and Europe to take advantage of favorable tariff and other condi tions to supply the markets of those countries. TUB PART OF WISDOM. The elopement and marriage of a boy and girl Is usually arrant folly; such an elopement without marriage Is, of course. Infinitely worse. The first In all probability will result in the un happlness of both: the last will result In the disgrace of at least one of them. When, however, honorable marriage and a sincere, even If ill-timed, effort to set up a home for themselves find expression In the elopement and secret marriage of children, wise parents ac quiesce without public display of dis approval, since, however Just their wrath, nothing is to be gained by pur suit of the willful pair and in visiting them with parental anathema. It is the part of wisdom to accept the In evitable In such a case, get the boy a Job (if he needs one, as he usually does), help them to set up their. home In a modest, unassuming way, and then leave them to their own devices, abso lutely without Interference or advice. They will thus be enabled to fight out the preliminary skirmishes In the bat tle of life In their own way and be bet ter equipped for the vicissitudes of the coming years than they could have been had they been taken home and coddled, after a stormy scene of boot less parental opposition. Besides ard this Is worth parental consideration this course will leave the way open for the parents to welcome and enjoy thalr grandchildren. THE rSELESS "HIKE." Speaking of the Summer "hikes" that are being planned for our citizen soldiery the state militia the Wash ington Post sensibly declares that "en forced marches under unendurable conditions can have no possible bene fits." The truth of this statement Li reinforced by citation to a march which soldiers in Texas were recently ordered to make. This consisted of a hike of 100 miles between Galveston and Houston and back again by the First Independent Brigade. Just what the country gained in proven military prowess or promise, or what was gained In the welfare of the brigade, does not appear. What the record does show, however. Is that 360 men were overcome by the Intense heat before the first half of the "hike" was accomplished. With the temper ature above 100 degrees men fell un conscious by the roadside and those who were able to struggle-on became half frantic from burning thirst. It Is further reported that the offi cers were called all sorts of uncompli mentary names as they rode by the column of 4000 men, choked .with limestone dust and parched by the almost unendurable heat. Says the Post: Rowland g-reateat poet laurat haa eelo bratrd tha charga of tha LlKht Brlfada In nnforitattaMs vrraa. That herola onslaught in hopeloaa. but not altuxxthar naaltsa. Without rhanca of auceeaa. thrra waa at least a tanglbla enemy to tha front, and thoo who threw their Uvea away had tha aavlnc thought that tha crowning meed of military (lory would ba thrtra. Hut the Galveston-to-Houfttnn march la bareft of all blah honor. If comparable to any prevlou mili tary feat. It muil bo likened to that of tha duka who marched vp a Mil. and then mar-hod down aialo. That a march of this kind Is the ex treme folly the outgrowth of an era of ill-directed strenuousness Is appar ent. When tha great Civil War broke out. It exigencies appealed to a multi tude of patriotic but untrained men. Rallying to the. call of the President, It was found that they needed drill in discipline and In handling arms to make them effective. This given, they were to some extent prepared for the fatigue and discomforts of the march, and when It came to this they were met as an unavoidable necessity for which no extensive practice was need, ed. The tramp In this case was a means to an end. The men were re quired to get within fighting range of the opposing army and were eager to do It It may be conceded that militia drill is Important, and to be effective for an always possible emergency It should be regular and exacting, while the spas modic "hike" exhausts but does not season the soldier In endurance. En forced, under unendurable circum stances, and without the stimulus of necessity. Its affect' la to subdue pa trlotism and breed contempt for the compelling power. What good, for example, could possibly result from an experiment from which 10 per cent of the men came out Incapacitated for further service, many of them proba bly suffering permanent injury? Officers of the militia of a number of states have entered vigorous protests against useless, exhausting and mean ingless maneuvers, the results of which add nothing to the real knowledge of warfare or to the physical strength to endure Its hardships. These hardships when they come will be met with cour age and willingness begotten of necessity. The professional East Siders who want the auditorium on the East Side because it is the East Side propose something new. They are going to try the Initiative again on the location, not being satisfied with the decision of the people through the referendum to leave the location to a' commission. Correcting the referendum with the initiative is certainly ingenious and worthy of men who have nothing to do but think up ways to bother and pester the electorate. Here is a hint for Kellaher and Riesland. The peo ple turned down their Initiative bill for a fl. 000.000 paving plant and their other Initiative bill for a public utili ties commission. Why not try the ref erendum on the initiative? No ques tion Is ever decided till it is decided right, even when the people decide it; and there Is a fixed opinion In the minds of at least two persons that the people never decide a thing right until they decide it as Kellaher and Ries land want It decided. At last we have a trust's definition of a reasonable trust. The General Baking Company, of New York, which is said to be a merger of twenty-one bakery firms, took pains to disclaim any intention of violating the law as construed In the Standard Oil decision and announces Its real purpose to be "progressive through the advantage of wise buying of materials, employment of economies, scientific and up-to-date methods of manufacturing and by its extensive advertising system it pro poses to educate the public to a higher standard of quality in bread." And Incidentally a higher standard of prices, though this is carefully not mentioned. The census of Ireland for 1911 shows that the decrease in population has almost ceased, being only 1.7 per cent. The ratio of decrease reached its maximum of 19.8 in 1851, the cen sus after the famine, and has declined steadily ever since, except that 1891 showed a Jump in the decrease of 9.1 per cent. That was the census follow, lng the most prolonged period of vio lent agitation. But the great measures of land reform are showing their ef fects and the next census should show an increase' in population, for home rule is now in sight and many expatri ated Irishmen may return to enjoy it. The designation of teachers for the various grades and departments of the Portland public schools Is an annual news item the publication of which is awaited with Impatience and scanned with interest. The selection and ap portionment' pf these teachers, some 800 in number, involves considerable time, and much patient hearing on the part of the School Board. Scanning the list. It is gratifying to note that few changes in the corps were con sidered necessary, since this Indicates that the work Is being satisfactorily done by a trained body of teachers. By falling In with Underwood in re taining a duty on raw wool. Speaker Clark has forfeited the support of Bryan for the Democratic nomination for President in 1912. In his state ment to the House Democrats oppos ing the wool duty, Bryan In advance accused Clark of "a cowardly sur render" to the Democratic protection ists. Now if Clark should be nomi nated, what will. Bryan do? Suspend operations with his vocal organs or fall in line for tho sake of harmony Democratic harmony,xoft sought, sel dom found. The man who obtains money on worthless checks always offers the ex cuse that he thought he could get the money Into the bank before the paper was presented, which is about as good as the idea of the hold-up man that he can get away before the officers of the law catch him. The more Intelligent rascal is the bigger fool. The San Francisco butcher who ate fifty-four eggs In a trifle over three minutes saved his life by taking two drinks of whisky. This 'is a more statement of fact, not Intended to lead people to cornering eggs. The foat is not great, for an ordinary hog can beat It without discarding the shells. The race propagates freely in the New Tork East Side, where babies can't thrive and sends them to Colo rado, where race suicide produces a scarcity, but where they can thrive. The law of supply and demand works. even In the distribution of babies. Condolence Is extended Major Mc- Indoe on the failure of his efforts to thwart the endeavor of the East Side people to close the bridge draws In the evening. The Engineer Corps is a necessary arm of the service, but whimsical at times. ResDonsibilitv for any shortage of water In Portland a possibility that Is Incomprehensible when the source of - mmolv Is considered should be placed where It belongs and action taken. Oregon timbermen extinguish forest fires and develop the country; the Pinchot brigade also extinguishes for est fires, but It arrests development. The Oregon system Is to be preferred. Judge Howard, of New Tork, will begin a campaign to induce women to abandon high-heeled shoes. By put ting sensible ideas into their heads he may get sensible shoes on their feet. An operation on a woman's skuil removed her abnormal desire o play the piano. Paste this on the door vt the other flatdweller. Those former football coaches did some excellent tackling when they married Oregon young women at Al bany. The woods seem to be full of luna tics and other bad men and the crazy" weather yet two months off. The tunnel under the heights will become a big bore before the work is ended. ENVIRONMENT'S EFFECT ON LIFE Writer Arsuea That I la Tlilrd Factor la Process of Involution. PORTLAND. June 14. (To the Ed itor.) An article entitled "What Is Life," on the ' editorial page of The Oregonian of June 9 makes use of the evolution theory as a basis for its argument, referring to Darwin's theory of "variation and survival" as two fac tors In the process of evolution. This moves me to write of another Important factor In the evolutionary process, given but slight prominence by Darwin, and still less by his followers. I refer to "environment" as a third factor in the process. I do not undertake to write an essay, but will merely offer one Instance of the influence of environment, selecting for that purpose the period during which the coal measures were deposit ed, designated in geologic history as the "carboniferous period," and in -its relation to evolution will treat only of Its physical aspect during that period, as shown by the testimony of the rocks. The question naturally arises: "Whera was all the carbon of the coal meas ures before its deposit In the earth?" And the obvious answer presents itself: "It was In the atmosphere In the form of carbon gases." While the presence of these gases In any "considerable quantity Is Instantly fatal to manmalian lito. the fossils of that period prove that they werq remarkably conducive to reptilian life of wonderful fecundity and plgnntic size. Contemporary with this peculiar fauna was a flora of like size and Immensity that furnished the material for the coal beds, absorbing and eliminating the carbon from the atmosphere and depositing it In the earth in the form of coal, thereby pro ducing an environment that permitted the existence of higher forms of life. During this long process of abstract ing the carbon from the atmosphere to deposit It In the . earth, both the fauna and flora underwent a remark able change, seaming to diminish in size nd quantity along with the lessening amount of carbon, and at the close of the carboniferous period higher forms of animal life, made possible by the change of environment, bad come into existence. In view of such facts, adduced from the testimony of the rocks. It does not seem a violent supposition that during this long period environment was as Important a factor as any other in the evolutionary process, perhaps as im portant as all others combined. We read of "variation" and "survi val" in all references -to evolution, though their dominating Influence 1b questioned by some able evolutionists, while mention of environment as a fac tor seldom occurs, though its weight In such connection cannot be ignored and is seldom questioned, and entitles It to a front place In all references to and discussions of the subject of evo lution. GAVI.V E. CAUKIN. GOOD POINTS OF DOG ARB TOLD Writer Praises Canine's Loyalty and Charges Fault a to Nature. OLTMPIA. Wash., June 13. (To the Editor.) The communication of Mrs. Margaret Ayers, under the caption "Dog Jdolatry and Barbarism," pub lished recently In The Oregonian de crying and characterizing those who would raise a voice in defense of dogs as "barbaric dog Idolaters" is worthy of more than passing notice. The grilling of the dog by a writer In the Daily Abstract, which your fair correspondent quotes and evidently ap proves, as evidenced by embodying In the communication referred to. will hardly meet with the approval of the countless dog owners and admirers of man's most loyal friend. There Is no loyalty In the broad sense, comparable to that of a dog to his master, be he cur or high bred. Loyalty on which a man or woman can count to a certainty. No fair minded, observant person, with the right heart feeling and consideration, can suc cessfully contradict this assertion. Loy alty Is only one of many virtues pos sessed by his dogship. After raking the pages or history since the birth of Time, no finer type or genuine love and affection in the brute kingdom can be discovered than that displayed by the dog. All a dog asks from his natural protector, man and womankind. Is love and affection. To him or her who gives them these they give their best. Both men and women have been known to default in that which the dog gives rreely from out the bounty of a heart overflowing with love and affection. A dog. never. True, the dog has some habits of uncleanliness not appealing to the critical inclined, but these have come from an endowment of nature and ara not directly chargeable to the dog. The Creator evidently knew his business better than those who Joy In criticising his masterpieces of crea tion, not least among whom was the dog, man's best friend and the playmate of children. Some people, like dogs, need regula tion and a change of habits. Why insist on one and excuse another? It is both hard td expect either chaaity or reason from the average dog critic or hater, who seems tit lack the exercise of even a little charity towards the dumb brutes who cannot speak in their own behalf. Let rason, common sense and charity, not alone In Justice to the dog. but its owners, take root in the hearts and minds of the dog haters, and all will go weI1. CAMPBELL HARDY. Farly CommlMlon Government. OLD FOLKS HOME, June 10. (To the Editor.) I have read an article In The Oregonian on commlslon form of government for cities. If my memory is not at fault Sacramento installed this form in the early sixties, which was long before Galveston was ever thought of. This was Just after the flood of '61 had nearly wiped out the place. Thev put In three men, only, to run the thing and they made a great success. I do not know whether this form is still running there or not. Can The Oregonian not give some Informa tion on this point as to Its success or failure? It would be Interesting read ing Just now. AN OLD SACRAMENTON. Sacramento Is not listed in the 1910 lists of commission governed cities and authorities do not mention its having having rormeriy anopiea sucn a form of .government. The last flood of note occured In 185S. Western Birds and Flowers. FALLS CITY. Or.. June 13. (To the Editor.) What Is the best authority in Western wild flowers, also on West ern birds? What book9 has W. L. Finley written on Western birds? SUBSCRIBER. "Flora of Northwest America." by Thomas Howell, is the best for more technical, botanical use: "Key and rin.. . cn,nA nf the Common Flowers of Oregon." by Kent Sweetser. is the best for popular use. W. R. Love's first . bonk upon the birds of Oregon and Washington and the books by Finley are the best. W. L. Finley has written "American Birds" and "Some Common Birds of Oregon." Taetleas. Catholic Standard and Times. "Well," said the young lawyer, after he had heard his new client's story, "your case appears to be very good. I think we can secure a verdict without mu-h trouble." "That's what I told my wife." said the man. "and yet she insisted, at first that we ought to have a first-class law yer." PENDLETON BAPTIST CHI BCH CASE Member Details Affair That Haa Been Bronsht Before Public. PENDLETON. Or., June 13. (To the Editor.) We people of the Baptist Church adhere to the belief that aU our church affairs between pastor and people should be kept sacred within the church brotherhood. Now. as the affairs of the First Baptist Church of Pendleton have been brought before the public, we wish here to state a few facts. Three years ago last December Rev. R. E. Storey came to our church as pas tor. In March, laii, the trustees of the church met and decided that Mr. Storey's usefulness, as a pastor to our church, was done. At an official meeting of the deacons the same decision was reached, and by their direction Mr. Storey was requested to resign. Mr. Storey ignored the request of tha deacons and trustees, remarking to oth ers that he did not intend to consider it. However, at the morning service, Sun day. June 6, he tendered his resignation, which was accepted by a vote of three fourths of the members present. Deacon Penland is a staunch Baptist, one in whom the church has great con fidence, honoring his Judgment in all affairs. Before affiliating himself with the Pendleton church he was a devoted worker in the Helix Baptist Church, where his son is now deacon. Mr. Pen land has been a faithful Sunday school teacher for many years, and as a result of his teachings many young people have been converted and have united with the church. He was opposed to Mr. Storey's idea of an organized Sun day school, as it is mostly representa tion and form: while Baptists believe in teaching faith In Jesus Christ. There fore. Mr. Penland and other faithful Baptist teachers severed their connection with the Sunday school. Deacon Edwards has a home here, where his family reside, and he is here to take an active part in all the business and welfare of the church. Mr. Edwards is a firm Baptist. A number of his fam ilv are members of the Pendleton Bap tist Church, "hard shell." if you please believe in the true faith, the teachings and example of the Master; that a man must be born Into the kingdom through faith in Jesus Christ; be baptized with water immersion and unite with the church before admittance to the Lord s supper. The bread and wine symbolizing the broken body and shed blood of Jesus. And Baptists believe none but the re deemed should partake of the commu nion. , . . There are a goodly number here who stand firm for the right, and to uphold the faith of the Baptist ChurpTIgT RECORD IN PRISON FOOD COST. Boys tn the Indiana Reformatory Are Fed for Ten Cents Dally. Indianapolis News. The entire cost to the state of caring for more than 1000 young men at the Indiana reformatory is less than 10 cents a day for each. Forty cents a day la the cost of feeding inmates of the County Jail. The cost of feeding reformatory Inmates was 11.64 cents a day for each in the fiscal year ending last September 30. The gross cost, in cluding all the running expenses of the Institution, was 49.19 cents a day. and the earnings of the inmates cut this 39.49 cents, leaving a net cost of 9.i0 cents. These figures were brought out rrom inquiry on account of the impression that the modern method of handling convicts is expensive to the taxpayer. To this cost might be added a gross charge of 30,769.B7 for repairs and permanent improvements at the Insti tution during the fiscal year, but with this addition the cost per capita per 'diem for the average of 1106 inmates wao increased to 17.33 cents a little over a dollar for six days. The actual gross cost of feeding the inmates of the Indiana institution Is even less than 12 or 13 cents, considered an achievement in the District of Columbia workhouse under the management of Will H. Whittaker, former superintendent of the Indiana reformatory. Snorlns In the Next Room. Chicago Post. In the gray light of early morning the traveler faced the night clerk reso lutely. "You gave me the worst bed In the hotel!" he began, indignation in his voice and eyes. "If you don't change me before tonight, I shall look up other lodgings." . . "There's no difference In the beds, sir." the clerk replied, respectfully. The traveler smiled Ironically. "If that is so," he said, "perhaps you wouldn't mind giving me the room on the left of mine." "It is occupied, sir." "I know it is. By a man who snored all night and was still at it ten minutes ago. His bed must be better than mine, or he couldn't sleep at a maxi mum capacity of sound eight hours on a stretch." "The beds are all alike, sir. That man has been here before, and he al ways sleeps on the floor, sir." Mothers' Dajy and Children's Day. HILLSBORO, Or., June 13. (To the Editor. What was the origin of "Mother's day" and who was the leader In the movement? The origin of "Children's day" and the originators of same? SUBSCRIBER. Mother's day was originated by Anna Jarvls, of Philadelphia, about 16 years airo. It Is celeDratea on tne secona Sunday In May. Children s day Is the second fcunaay In June. Observation of that day is the result of a gradual growth. It was first ecclesiastically recognized by the Methodist Church and in 1883, form ally appointed by the Presbyterian Church. Identity of Steel Bridge. nonTT.ivn .Tune IS. iTn the Edi tor.) I notice from time to time In the three leading papers or, fortiana. refer ences to the "Steel Bridge" across the Willamette. Not knowing which was the "Steel Bridge" I made an examina tion of the one at Madison street and so along down to the railroad bridge, but found them all made of steel. For the enllghtment of new-comers will you please put us wise. A ? v tuM rjrt. Rriiiff'ft" ta the name commonly given the double-deck structure used for both street traffic and railway trains. What Pa Remembers. Chicago News. I guesa there must he aomethln queer About a hid like me. 'Cause there ain't hardly no one here That ever seems to see That I don't like to bring in wood An" do th' chorea all up; I'd ruther ba where katin good. Or playln' with the pup! aly pa be talks a awful lot About the way he did His chores, if he wuz tire or not. k When he wuas Jeat a kid. Eometimea he tella about th' piles Of frreat bis chorea he had. An' gran'ma sez. "Tut, tut!" an' smiles. An' then my pa gits mad! She sex when pa wus young he'd go Away off alidin. when He'd ought 'a' bin a-shov-lln' snow, Or choppfn wood an' then In Summer, too. he'd run away Where all th' kids wuz at. An' awlm or fish wltn them, but, say, Pa can't remember that! I guess when folks grow up they all Can't Just remember much. Cept how they worked when' they wuz small. A-doln' chores an' such: But though my gran'ma'a old's kin be. Her memory' the best: Ehe tells what pa done, seems to me. Batter than all the rest! Chlcaso News. Advertising Talks By William C. Freeman. Mrs. Frank' Nathan is the president of the Consumers' League, of New York, the object of which is to get all of the reputable stores In the United States to refuse to sell the product of manufacturers who .employ child labor a very worthy cause. I wonder If Mrs. Nathan has ever thought how the work of her organiza tion could be made more efficient and far-reaching through the aid of news paper publicity I Here is a plan that perhaps will ap peal to her and her associates, and which I think could be put through without much trouble. Suppose Mrs. Nathan persuaded 500 manufacturers throughout the United States, who refuse to employ child labor to pool their Isnuea and con tribute from $250 to $500 each for a jear'a advertising; campaign. This campaign to tell, in the frankest way possible, the object of the league convince the consumer that he or she should not buy "child labor merchan dise," and then print, in conjunction with this human interest talk, the names of the reputable manufacturers who have contributed to this cause. Such a campaign would lmpreaa dealers In every community with the importance of selling only those pro ducts manufactured by adult labor, and would educate the public generally to buy those producta. Another thing that would be impor tant would be to announce the fact that the products of these reliable manu facturers are not made in sweatshops, and for that reason they do not carry with them any disease germs. Such an advertising campaign would not only increase the power of Mrs. Nathan's erganization, but would bring added business to the reputable nianu facturera contributing to the fuud. (To be continued.) Country Town Sayings by Ed Kowe (Coprlght, 1911, by George Matthew Adams.) There are few women who do not buy hats too young for them. Should a woman shake hands heart ily, or should she put a limp hand in yours, and make you feel that you should drop it as soon as possible? When I shake hands with some women somehow I feel I have been guilty of an indiscretion, however discreetly I have acted. . The Devil's first idea was to be an angel. No one knows enough to warrant conceit. A politician wl do anything to get an office, except pay for it. This is a funny world, and it is a little funnier than usual this year. So many things go wrong that I am tired of being indignant. Whiskey seems to pickle and pre serve one man in a hundred; but it rots the other ninety-nine. Even the novelii no longer put a lover on his knees. ' There are certain people who always say the best singer in the world cant sing. The Russian Czar's One Comfort. Cleveland Plain Dealer. "I tell you." the Czar said as he rue fully surveyed the report of a popular uprising, a petition from the peasants and a threatening note from the powers "I tell you. this thing of being an ab solute monarch has its drawbacks." "But, sire." put in a courtier, "surely you do not favor a democratic form of government?" "No, of course I don't. But It sure must be great comfort to a man who is certain to get the worst of It to be able to announce that on account of the ad vice of his physician, he is about to re tire from the cares of politics." Anthony Hope and a Drumstick. New Tork Sun. The rtory is told in connection with the ways of the relic hunter that when Anthony Hope tv-as last in America he and the late Major Pond ordered an elaborate breakfast one morning on the train golnsr from Boston to Hartford. Conn. The cook was so slow that the broiled chickens appeared just as the hungry men had to change cars at Wll limantic. Hone would have made off ... . it . 1 . i... , vtolrtr with a arumsucit at ieai. uu-. Pond dissuaded him. A drummer bought the author's chickens and pol ished the wishbone to keep it as a sou venir. SPECIAL FEATURES OF NEXT SUNDAY'S OREGONIAN Timely special " articles and good fiction will ho well repre sented in the Sunday issue. In the way of short fiction there will be one of the most interesting tales yet told, "The Adventures of Lias," a talo of tha Philip pines; the second installment of "Compensation." marks an im portant step in the development of Anne Warwick's striking novel of Washington social life. The Taft Silver Anniversary is the subject of a pleasing story of the Tafts' domestic life and the happy wedding-day prophesy that "has been fulfilled. Lots of big Americans give up their spare hours to angling. There is a half page of fresh stories from these noted fisher meu. , Popular Writers as hard headed investors in real estate seem to be quite numerous. The roll of writers who have made their earnings work for them is a creditable one. Half page illus trated. Seven more of those graphic Civil War Photos tell camera stories of our greatest war. Widow Wise, Sambo and Mr. Twee Deedle, have fresh experi ences. Two pages for children, departments for women and .all the world's news right up to the hour. A