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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 9, 1908)
THE 3IORNTXG OREGONIAN, MONDAY, NOVEMBER 9, lOS. fOKTLAND. OREGON. Entered at Portland. Oregon. Postofflce aa Second-Class Matter. Bubaexiptisn &atr Invar-lab! J IB As By MaiLX, rally. Sunday Included, cm year .. Dal.y. Sunday li-clcded. six montni- . Daily. Sunday Included, thraa monins Dally. Sunday Included, ona month... Daliy. without Sunday, ona year..... Dally, without Sunday, aix months.. .. Dally, without Sunday, thraa months. Daily, without bunday. ona month. . . . Weekly, ona yiar ' Sunday, ona year Sunday and Weekly, ona yaax (By Carrier.) Dally. "under Included, ona year..... Dai:r. Sunday Included, ona month.. - is oo 4 -li 2-Ji .75 eoo 1.21 .1.7S .60 l.iO 2 SO 50 00 li How to Braill Send postofflce money rder. express order or personal check oo your local bank. Stamp, coin or currency are at tbe sender's risk. Give postofflce ed sress la full. Including county and. eiata rostsgw Rate 10 to 14 pages. 1 cent: 1 to U p(a. centa; SO to 44 pages, cen.e. 46 to OO pages. 4 centa orltt postage double rates. rum Maslnes Office The 8. C. Berk- with Special Aaenc; SO Tribune building. Tribune building. va Turk, rooma B- Chlcago, room 41U-41J rOBTLASD, MONDAY. SOT. . I THE SLAVERY QUESTION IN OREGON. Mr. T. W. Davenport, of Silverton, '. honored as a pioneer and holding high ', place In our history among active par- l tlclpants in the early political life of Oregon, has written an article that ap i pears In the current number of "The Quarterly of the Oregon Historical I Society." on the controversy over the effort to Introduce slavery into the new state, which took place during the n.rinH of mrltarion for the formation of a Constitution and admission of Oregon Into the Union. 1 ne article is an excellent representation and por trayal of the spirit of the times nn mhlch it deals. Probably no other man remains among us who could have done this particular piece of work so well; for Mr. Davenport was then lr the vigor of young mannooa, had an active, observant, penetrative and reflective mind, and was an ardent and enthusiastic opponent of slavery and advocate of freedom. Tct the contest in Oregon was more apparent than real: for two-thirds of the peo- ' pie of Oregon were opposed to slavery- yet there was no little concern since the Territory had a strong Democratic majority and most of the leaders of that party were either devoted to tne slave power or greatly afraid of of fending it. The question as to slavery for and against was submitted as a separate article, for a. direct vote. At the elec tion held November 9, 1S57. the con stitution was adopted by a vote of 7193 ayes to 3195 nays. For slavery there were 2645 votes: against it, 7727. It was not a close contest, yet much apprehension was felt by the oppo nents of slavery, who greatly feared the influence of Democratic politicians and leaders, and of the Democratic National administration, in favor of the "institution." A great part of the value of Mr. Davenport's article, which extends to sixty-five pages of the Quarterly, con sists in his recollections of the men of the time and of their various parts in the early life of Oregon. Nearly all the prominent men of that period are brought under his review. The estimates are accurate, and the re marks discriminating: while time has sc. softened the harshness of feeling which then existed, that Mr. Daven port, who himself was a corypheus In the combat, now writes about the various controversies like the sage and philosopher that he is. In the same number of the Quar terly the celebrated "Free State Let ter" of George H. Williams is reprinted. frm the Oregon Statesman of July 28. 1857. Judge Williams had acted with the Democratic party, and continued to act with it till the out break of the great rebellion. But since ' he was an anti-slavery man, he was distrusted by the pro-slavery section of the party; and In order to make himself fully understood by opponents, ad well as by advocates of slavery, he published his notable free-state let ter. It was long: It covered a page of the newspaper, and extend to twenty pages In the Quarterly. Judge Wil liams was not at that time prepared to employ the moral argument against slavery, for that would have subjected him to the charge of being an "abo litionist," which Indeed he was In fact, yet he saw no way to the extinction of slavery and thought it not best to plunge into a discussion that could then have had only an effect of further Irritation. He therefore confined him self to discussion of the question on ' Its economic side, showing that slavery as a labor system was unsuitable to Oregon, and could .be no benefit, but - only a disadvantage to tho state. The whole spirit of the division of the Democratic party on the slavery question as It then stood is reflected In this essay. It Is a true transcript of the state of the question as then pre sented to most men's minds. The Re publican party was then Just coming Into active existence. Its demand was not abolition, but resistance to further extension of slavery. The middle ground was the "popular sovereignty" of Senator Douglas and of his section of the Democratic party. That is. a territory, on becoming a state, should decide for itself whether it would have slavery or not. In this posture of affairs, and in opposition to slavery in Oregon. Judge Williams wrote this historic letter. It cut him off at once from the pro-slavery section of the Democratic party, and made it certain that he would ultimately be a Republi can. "Conscious," he said In his let ter, "that this slavery discussion has shaken the pillars of the Republic has rent the most powerful church of the Nation in twain has appeared upon the plains of Kansas with fierce strife and bloodshed: I address my self to It. feeling somewhat as 1 would to approach a cloud charged with lightning and whirlwind." From such utterance the present generation may Judge how tense a condition that ques tion then made! The argument throughout showed the impracticability of slavery in Oregon. "Isolated as Oregon is by thousands of miles from other slave states, and from all the sup ports of slavery, an effort to maintain the Institution here would be almost as Impotent as the command of the vain Canute to the waves of the ocean." But the difficulty' to any po litician of the dominant party in Ore gon was extreme, for large part of the early population was from slave states: and all here had to live to gether. "Can Oregon." asked Judge Williams, "with her great claims, pres ent and prospective, upon the Govern ment, afford to throw away the friend ship of the North the overruling power of the Nation for the sake of slavery?" Portentous question! Al most pathetic too is the disclaimer, felt by most persons to be wise then, but ow read m s strangely: "Whatever ! may be Inferred from my arguments ; against slavery in Oregon, I disclaim all sympathy with the abolition agi tators of the North, and deprecate and denounce all sectional organizations on the subject." , Such a condition for a country! It was a task of greater dif ficulty to get rid of slavery than to create a Nation. PROSPERITY'S FLOOO TIDE. By a demonstration almost over whelming in Its proportions, the busi ness Interests of the country have again displayed implicit confidence in the principles and policy of the Re publican party. Prior to election, the Republican claims that the election of Mr. Taft would be followed by an Instantaneous revival of business were greeted with derision by most of the Democratic leaders of the country. ,And yet the most glowing picture that could have been painted by the most enthusiastic of the Republican spell binders would hardly have exaggerat ed the situation which now confronts us. The New York World, which is usually disinclined to see anything good in Republicanism, appreciates the news value of the change, and, in an exhaustive review, covering all of the prominent industrial centers of the United States, shows that the election of Mr. Taft has already been followed by the employment of more than 1, 000.000 men. In all lines of industrial endeavor there Is a feeling of buoyancy that is sweeping all skepticism aside and seems certain to result in greater pros perity than this country has ever known. But while partisan politics, as usual, figured quite extensively in bringing about this restoration of con fidence and its attendant revival of business, the result is a far greater tribute to the understanding which the American people have of the great principles of political economy. There were certain time-tried, care-hardened, economic facts that could not be dis placed by theories without seriously disarranging our entire commercial and financial conditions. The moment that the people by their votes an nounced that the safe and sane poli cies which in the past had led to pros perity were not to be supplanted by vague theories of dubious worth, the business revival followed as naturally. The people of the United States, within the past few years, have been accumulating money more rapidly than ever before. The amount of de posits, as shown by the bank state ments, exceeded that of any former period in the- history of the country. Nothing could be more natural than that the holders of this idle money should be desirous of getting it to work where it could earn something. From this class of investment buyers has come the flood of buying orders that has sent the stock market up with an unprecedented rush. With plenty of money for the flotation of stock issues long pending, the rail roads will be enabled to engage in new construction and betterment work in keeping with the heavy demands that will soon be made on them. They will be In the market for large quan- . titles of steel and other material and equipment:? and this In turn will give employment to thousands of factory and steel mill employes. As the dollar or tne workingman is always more nimble than that of any other class, an indeterminable number of indus tries will share with labor in the re vival which is now gathering headway with irresistible force. The part which the Pacific North west will play in this revival of pros perity is an important one. No other region offers better opportunities for either labor or capital, and an invest ment of either in this part of the world will bring great returns alike to the new Investor and to those" who have already begun the work of ex ploitation and development. At no time in the history of Portland and the territory tributary to this city has the future presented a more favorable outlook than now. "SOT COMPETENCE. AND . YET NOT WANT." The University of Kansas has lately been dealing, through chapel lectures, with the "Ideal Home Life." Mr. J. D. Bowersock, of Lawrence, in a recent address to the student body of that vigorous Western institution. spoke upon this topic, and directly to the point. He took the old-fashioned view that wealth Is not essen tial to happiness In the home, nor to the existence of a healthy well-governed family. In this view he took sharp and decisive issue with Pro fessor F. W. Blackmar, of the Uni versity, who had declared that to marry and attempt to bring up a family on J25 a week could only re sult In unhapptness and family de generacy. "It is not true," declared Mr. Bowersock. "that a healthy family necessarily demands such an Income in its support, education and happi ness. The experience of thousands of men and women who have mar ried and brought up families upon a much less sum than this, and the history of every industrious rural community In the country, corroborate this statement. And when Mr. Bower sock added: "The typical American family which furnishes the brains and brawn of our Nation lives happily and well on much less than the sum deemed Insufficient for the needs of a civilized family, by Professor Black mar," he made a statement that is verified throughout the length and breadth of this broad land. A hundred dollars a month is not luxury, It is true, when applied to the needs of home and family life. But half that sum, as we all know, when wisely handled and supplemented by Industry, means comfort, content ment and happiness to. parents and children alike in thousands of well ordered homes, the assertion of the Kansan pundit to the contrary not withstanding. As to "family degen eracy," due to the attempt to main tain a home and bring up a family on J 2 5 a week, that is sheerest non sense. Family degeneracy Is not pos sible where thrift rules and the simple lessons of industry-, economy and re spect for the rights of others are In culcated. Poverty is not an ideal condition in the home or out of it; but poverty in the extreme sense of the word is not necessary in Ameri can homes and certainly it is not represented by an income of $25 a week. So while clergymen of Boston are de ploring the growing disinclination of young men and women to marry and teachers of Kansas are advising them that they cannot be happy and bring up a family on any such beggarly sum as $25 a week, wedding bells that announce the establishment of new homes and prospective families are ringing merrily all over the land though the income in sight may be far below the amount designated as a sum that is prohibitive of home comfort and family respectability an responsibility. Industry, economy and self-denial are popularly supposed to be old fashioned virtues that do :bt thrive upon the soil of modern life. Yet we know that they will In myrads o homes of limited means and produce, as of yore, energetic, ambitious men and Industrious, capable women. The trouble Is not with people of this class who toil diligently, manage carefully and bring up self-reliant families on small means, but with those who are accustomed to receive large salaries, spend all they get In maintaining standard of comfort that they have established and are not able to see how any one else can manage to live and be respectable on less than they themselves spend. Whittier. In that lncomparabl American Winter Idyl, "Snow Bound,1 introduces a young man as one of the home fireside group during a period o storm isolation In this wise: Bom the wild Northern hills iroonf From whence hi yeoman father wrung Fly patient toll subsistence scant. Not competence and yet not want. He early gained the power to pay His cheerful, self-reliant way. The secret of family happiness and Individual Independence, even though the income Is small, is found in these lines. It Is a fact of our statj and Na tlonal history that from - homes and conditions represented by the words "not competence and yet not want" the men who have done things, and the women who have helped them In the doing have sprung. OLD CEMETERIES IN CITIES. An argument In favor of cremation as against earth burial, that appeals strongly to all of reverent nature Is found every time an old burial ground is converted by the march of progress, to commercial uses. Bones of the un remembered dead are disinterred by excavations for foundations of great modern buildings, relnterred again without ceremony to be again removed as occasion requires, or blended In the undistingulshable mass of debris that must be gotten rid of. Every large city in the land has been called upon to make disposal In some sort of these disinterred human bones. Portland, though neither an old nor a great city, has already ab sorbed two cemeteries one in a com mercial and the other in a residence district; the confines of another are being pressed on every side by homes; sanitary considerations have already more than hinted that burials therein should no longer be permitted. But recently in excavating for sewer at Fifth avenue and Twenty sixth street in New York City human skulls and bones were encountered by the startled excavators. Search of old city records disclosed the fact that at one time that now busy section was used as a potters' field. "In 1794," so runs the recbrd, "a parcel of land ly ing at the Junction of the Post Road and Bloomingdale Road, now nearly all in Madison Square, was appropri ated by the city from the 'common lands' for a potters' field." So swiftly did growth encroach upon the sup posed prerogatives of the dead that in 1797 but three years later this site was abandoned as a burial place and part of a farm now the site of Washington Square was acquired for a new potters' field. In 182 7 this site was also abandoned, many of the bodies being reburied at the place lately disturbed by excavations for a sewer. Cremation, clean, quick and com plete leaves nothing to shock the sens! billties of a future generation. There is no reason to doubt that cemeteries in all great cities will in time be closed to business, turned Into parks and crematories be established in their stead. This will be in the joint inter est of sanitation and economy, and in the long look, that necessarily governs the disposal of the dead of true sensi bility. AS TO IIM.E WOMEN. Idle women, according to Dr. Anna. Howard Shaw, are as dead timber that cumbers the stream of industrial and political activity in this country. "The industries that occupied their grandmothers," continues this apomle of reform and advocate of the ballot (or women, "do not occupy the grand daughters, and this has taken from the latter the opportunity of being producers of wealth." While nobody can gainsay the truth of the statement that Idle women are clogs upon the wheels of progress (the same, of course, being true of Idle men). It Is scarcely conceivable that Dr. Shaw would have them return to the' distaff and the spindle, the hand loom and the dye pot, the churn dasher and the cheese press, in the name of personal liberty and political advancement. Many of us. Dr. Shaw included, can remember our grandmothers in the prime of their industrial activities. Soft-voiced, gray-haired women they were, whose toil-hardened hands and faces early old bore witness to the years of strenuous endeavor that lay behind them; but was not their part as wealth-producers a silent one? Did any one ever think of women In those days as earners? Were not shelter and food and clothing, often of the most Inferior quality, all that was deemed necessary in the way ,of ma terial recompense for the toil of these dear old grandmothers? ; Did the title deeds. to property contain their names as principals? They were not "idle women" then, our grandmothers. Nor were they non producers as faithful memory attests; nor did they cherish vain hopes of po litical equality. They were women who. outside of the home, had and claimed no rights, and Inside of It had and enjoyed only such rights as were left over after husbands and children were supplied. Perhaps the self-abnegation of these very grandmothers bore fruit In the selfishness and Indo lence and uselessness of many of their descendants. "We are depriving them" (the descendants), says Dr. Shaw, "of all Incentive to intellect; using the state's money in educating them and then throwing them back on the state as dead lumber." With every avenue of industry and many profes sions, notably that of teaching, crowd ed with earnest, capable, hard-working women; women who, while they do not spin and weave and knit and make patchwork quilts and sew carpet rags. ' work to the limit of their strength, six days out of seven, acquire property and engage in business. It does not look as if women will have to return to the days of their grandmoth ers to find Incentive and opportunity to work. There are, no doubt, more Idle women now than there were In grandmother's day, for the reason that there are more women now than then. The cities abound with idle women, but do they not also swarm with work ing women? Is It fair, in view of these facts, to declare that women are consumers, not producers, or that when educated by the state they are thrown back upon the state as dead lumber? The serious illness of Governor elect S. G. Cosgrove. of Washington will be deeply regretted by all who know the old Republican war horse of the Evergreen state. The irony of fate would indeed be noticeable if the worst fears regarding the condition of Mr. Cosgrove were .realized, for during his long and active career in Wash ington politics he has more than once been very close to the victory which is now safely his. Washington may have more learned men and perhaps greater statesmen than Governor-elect Cos grove, but he is a good, honorable citi zen of a type that the state can ill afford to lose, and throughout his long career In Washington politic he was as good a Republican, after being defeated for nomination, as he was before. The death of Mr. Cosgrove at this time would be a distinct loss to Washington, and it is to be hoped that his condition is less serious than reported. Let no workingman who owns the cottage in which he and his family live, and which he Is able to maintain by the labor of his hands, envy Charles M. Schwab, the great steel magnate, his $7,000,000 palace on Riverside Drive, New York City. The millions for which the name of Schwab stands are not sufficient to keep the great marble palace alight with the warmth and glow of happy, contented home life, while to maintain these elements In the cottage the dally wage of the workingman Is adequate. As a result. the palace on Riverside Drive is board ed up and left to a caretaker, while the door of the cottage in the suburb opens to greet its owner at night, send ing out a cheerful glow far Into the dark, while within its "caretaker" lifts the steaming food to the table. around which the children gather. The contrast is a striking one In this land of contrasts, with the odds for happi ness In favor of the cottage and its Inmates. The Japanese government has given notice to the local governors to pro hibit the emigration of Japanese la borers to America and Hawaii. At the same time It is stated that emigra tion will be encouraged to Peru and Brazil. This policy will undoubtedly remove a considerable portion of the friction that has been caused between Japan and the United States. This friction was caused by the aggressive ness of the Japanese laborers in crowding white men out of employ ment along the Pacific Coast. If the reports regarding labor conditions In Peru and Brazil are authentic, there will hardly be any friction from a sim ilar cause among the Peruvians and Brazilians, for they have already es tablished a scale of wages which ought to be sufficiently low to prevent the Japanese making any serious Inroads on it. Our local Democratic brethren pro fess to be content. And contentment a great matter. One of them, re ported yesterday by The Oregonlan, said: "Even if Bryan is not in the Presidential chair his policies will con tinue to be followed. The principles he has promulgated have been lived up to by Roosevelt, and I hope they will be followed by Roosevelt's successor." Here arises a puzzle. Mr. Bryan Be gan his campaign by declaring him self Roosevelt's heir. Roosevelt had started the good work and Bryan would continue it. "The truth is," says the New York Evening Post, "that Mr. Bryan bound his own hands when he upraised Mr. Roosevelt so lavishly and Insisted that he was the President's legitimate heir." By some hook or crook the dog has undeservedly got the name of being pre-eminently the "friend of man." That distinction belongs to the pig. Klamath County has been raising dogs for some sixty years without much ef fect upon her general welfare. Now she has begun to raise hogs and her wealth Immediately grows by leaps and bounds. Suppose every person in Portland who harbors a dog should replace it with a pig. The city would not only gain in quiet and cleanli ness, but at Christmas time the pig could be made into wholesome sau sages, whereas those founded upon the dog leave much to be desired both as o sapidity and hygiene. Perhaps that Michigan judge who declared that water and cereals In sausage constitute adulteration was third assistant in a butcher shop when boy. He probably knew the gen eral rule that a pound of chopped meat will hold half a pound of water, or somewhere near that quantity'. First thing we know, he will be de ciding that it is unlawful to sell sir loin steaks off the fore-ouarter. Hnnn't a butcher 'some rights that a court Is bound to respect? Nat Goodwin's fourth bride-elect is displeased by Nat's "humorous" dec laration that he was so busy last Saturday he could not take a day off to get married. She may find that he will be so busy that he cannot take a year off to stay married. But that won't be so humorous. There are no hard times in Oregon; or have there been, for a dozen years. But people who expect something for nothing, rewards without exertion. roflts without paying the price, will have hard times always and forever. Bryan was elected President by con victs in the Nevada penitentiary by a vote of 69 to 20. The prisoners must have been mostly bank wreckers, who want the Bryan method of bank guaranty. x The Elklns girl cables her Abruzzl Duke annual sympathy, on account of his mother, who died 82 years ago. That is probbaly a suitable way of showing appreciation for an ideal mother-in-law. The Legislature of Oregon will as semble two months hence. In the mat ter of legislation it will have no proper business, except to repeal statutes heretofore enacted. Even herein it most probably will be remiss. It would be a real disappointment to Oregon statesmanship if Taft should be too tired to play golf at Hot Springs r should fall to forget that certain Oregon statesmen used to say that Bryan would bent him. When oats, hay and potatoes are at boosted prices es now, they show that lot of folks have lost money this year loafing in the city or otherwise being lazy. Of course the cigar-stand Idlers who bet their cash on Bryan are glad pros perity has come so that they can win their money back by going- to work. RULING PASSION OF MRS. A5TOR Did the Social Awtocrat Oe-t More Out of Life This the Humble Mother? . Kansas City Star. Mrs. Astor presented a very rare example of absorption in the gay con cerns of this life at an age when the vast majority of women are content with such quiet comforts as the preser vation of their health and faculties will permit them to enjoy. It Is scarce ly trite to say that in the case of Mrs. Astor the ruling passion was strong in death. To a great host of women of temperaments and environments anti podal to those ot Mrs. Astor. the spec tacle of a woman approaching four1 score years, with a visible touch of the infirmity of age upon her, keeping up a struggle for social rank, will ap pear nothing short of pathetic The amount of labor Involved in that style of competition, even in tbe case of a woman of Mrs. Astor"s great riches, is enormous, and the exactions which it carries with it seem strangely un becoming at a period of life when the heart, the mind and the body would seem to yearn for tranquility and re pose. It may be believed, nevertheless, that Mrs. Astor found delight and re freshment in paying this tribute to her proud position. She- was, essen tially, a woman of the world. The power she wielded as a social leader and arbiter was doubtless as grateful to her as the influence which men covet and attain in various public activities. She may even have foun in the consciousness of her authority, a stimulus to the sort of Interest that conduces to longevity. What Mrs. Astor may have thought of the use she made of her time and opportuni ties in the conscious moments succeed ing the knowledge that the end was near at hand, will have to be left to conjecture and speculation. It must be that achievements wholly or largely worldly in their nature lose their value as the soul feels them receding beyond sight and reach, and as It stands, shorn of all earthly reliance, in the face of an unknown future. Like the most of us in this world, Mrs. Astor lived her life as circumstances de fined and laid out for her. There is no reason to believe that it was vain or un satisfactory to her; but was it, after all, such a life as to warrant the belief that the thousands and thousands of women whose ambitions never stray beyond their homes and the fulfillment of their humble duties to those about them may not be as happy and as serviceable to humanity .as the woman who for many -years ruled as a social autocrat in the most splendid city In the Western hemisphere? HIS side: ISSUES. And He Had Managed to Build Up a Nice Little Business. ' Puck. "I would hardly suppose' that so small a place as this would afford em ployment for a barber," said the city man to the barber In a village in which it was exciting to see six persons on the street at one time. "Well, it would not be if a man had to depend on barberlng alone," was the reply. "But you see I have one or two side issues that help out, or I couldn't stay here. There's my cigars and to bacco business: that brings me in quite little. Then I m agent for a laundry that runs a wagon over here from the next town. Then you see I sell the city papers and do consid'rable in the way of picture postal cards. I'm agent for three kinds of hair-growers, and I got quite a little stock of writing paper and envelopes: and I got myself ap pointed Justice of the Peace the first of the year, and I pick up a dollar or two a week "at that. I do a little in the real estate line, and now and then a drummer comes along and gives me a dollar for letting him use one end of my shop to show his goods in. Then I'm agent for six different magazines and a couple of books, and I keep a stock of these mantles for lamps. My pool table is used a lot nights and I sharpen knives and scissors as well as razors. Then 1 tinker clocks and I have an electrical massage machine that I use a great deal more than you'd think I'd use In a place like this. My wife keeps three boarders and does dressmaking and gives dancing lessons and does home millinery and makes pies and doughnuts to sell. So with a few little side issues I make the bar berlng business pay pretty well. I never see the day yet when I couldnt find something to do, and it's always good thing for a fellow to have a little side issue or two in conection with his regular business." The Recent Campaign. New York Times. The corporations themselves laid the foundation by sinful practices that, to be hated and assailed, had only to be exposed. Mr. Roosevelt first and eagerly seized upon these disclosures of vice aa a sure method of endearing himself to the people. Mr. Bryan, who is a skillful imitator, then sought to outdo his model. Mr. Taft could do little better than to follow on. though he has done it in a more reserved and gentlemanly fashion. The consequence has been that the cam paign has produced not a single speech upon qustlons of great principle that will linger in public memory. Mr. Hughes' speeches were the best of all, and they consisted In an able and destructive an alysis of Mr. Bryan's nostrums. Mr. Taft's statement of hie Judicial acts and his present position in. respect to labor was eminently candid and satisfactory. That may be. remembered. For the rest there is nothing, nothing that rises above the level of the merest ephemeral cam paign trash. Hoa- Fasted 30 Days. Long Creek Ranger. Walter Chapman and Crista Allen tell a most remarkable story of a hog that was lost at the Chapman ranch, a few miles east of town this Fall, and a search was made for the missing hog. but no trace of the animal could be found until 30 days later. Mr. Allen had an oc casion to visit an old cellar at the Ladd ranch, and on opening the door he found the old hog. He carried it to a pen near by and with careful attention, she is fast recovering from her long imprisonment. The boys state that the hog weighed over 200 pounds when lost, but when found, was nothing more than a stack of bones, and did not weigh over 50 pounds. The hog had gone into the cellar and in rooting had closed the door. She had not received any water to drink that the boys know of. and all the food she had to eat was a litter of pigs. The animal was still able to walk, and just how much longer she would have lived is hard to tell. SUPPOSED TO BE HUMOROUS. "Your wife has eloped .with your chauf feur." "I don't care. I was golnir to Are him anyway." Philadelphia Inquirer. "He's an old newspaper man." 'About how old?" "Well, he can remember when they only Issued extras when something happened." Louisville Courier-Journal. First Foreigner "Why do they call this the 'garden city" ?" Second Foreigner "Why? Look at the rich, black dirt in the streets!" Chicago Tribune. "On what ground," Asked the lawyer, 'does your wife want a divorce? Incompat ibility?" "Something of that sort. . I reck on," answered the man. "My income Isn't compatible with her ideas of comfort." Chicago Tribune. Alexander was before Tyre. "To suc ceed." counselled his generals, "we must invest the city." Alec frowned. "To make our revenge keener, why not compel the citizens to do the investing and let us be the promoters?" he answered. Whereupon the court Jester withdrew to draw up the prospectus. Puck. "Why do you invariably predict the cold est Winter we have had in years?" "Well." answered Professor Blatherton. "if it rorr.es true people necessarily give me credit for great wisdom. And if It doesn't come true they are too thankful to bold any grudge." Washington Star. . GROWING USE OF STEEL, It Will-Largely Replace Wood In Rail way and Other Construction. Iron Trade Review. There are about 315.000 miles of track owned by- the public railroads. Ulti mately substantially all will have to be laid with 100-pound rails, which will put Into service just 50,000.000 tons of steel rails. At an average life of ten years, replacement alone will call for 6.000,000 tons a year, and while say f.000.000 tons of worn rails will be taken up. to be re worked into other forms, the require ments for new track will help to bal ance this. To lay this trackage in steel ties of the most accepted form now in use would require some 60.000,000 tons. Only one important objection has been made to this tie, and that is that it is too light. The obvious remedy is to make it heavier, so that we may count upon 75,000,000 to 100.000,000 tons of steel for this purpose. The only reason the tie was made too light, if it is so, was because wooden ties were relatively cheap and steel relatively dear. The cost of wooden ties is increasing year by year, and if the steel industry needs the tonnage it will meet the prop osition half way and sell the steel more cheaply, so that this problem will solve itself. There are nearly 2,000,000 wooden freight cars in existence. Allowing for the iron and steel in them. It will re quire 30,000.000 tons of pig iron in addi tion to replace them with steel cars. There are nearly 50,000 passenger, mall, express and baggage cars, to replace wiicli with steel cars will call for 2,500. 000 tons of pig iron in addition, and this work will be of especial benefit to the steel Industry because a considerable part of the steel will have to be. worked up into the light forms of sheets, small angles, etc. About 3.000.000.000 board feet of shingles are consumed annually in the United States. Ultimately this use must be supplied by metals In which tlnplate must take a prominent place. Lath take about 1,000.000.000 board feet a year, and will be replaced by sheet steel or wire lath. More than 1,000.000, 000 board feet go into cooperage stock, and for much of this use wood will have to yield to steel. These bare figure show the possibilities, but they do not furnish an adequate conception in tons of steel. A rough idea of the possibilities of steel replacing wood may be gained by the following statement: The United States forest service estimates that rail road ties comprise only about 8 per cent of the total wood used in the United States, yet our estimate just made shows that the replacement of wood by steel in this work will mean between 60. .j0. 000 and 100.000,000 tons of steel. As large buildings are now constructed of steel or steel and concrete, It may be expected that small buildings, even dwelling houses-, will ultimately fall Into line. The form of structures will be some what different, small shapes being used, with fastenings designed to be handled by the ordinary contractor, without rivets, and perhaps without bolts. These small sections and fastening with me tallic lath, ana perhaps with steel sash and frames, will make much more work for the rolling mills, proportionate to tonnage, than the heavy forms, such as rails and large structural shapes. Alto gether, it is not difficult to see hundreds of millions of tons of steel demand for the next few decades, and the principal eovernlner element will be the relative costs of the competing materials. As the present rate of, drain on our forests points to an. ultimate life of only from 10 to 20 or 25 years and as concrete con struction, generally requiring some steel, is constantly being made cheaper, the drift is quite clear. NEW CRUSADE AGAINST TOBACCO League In New York Presents at Blast Against the Pernicious Weed. New York Sun. , The vigilant guardians of "personal liberty'' in this state will have some thing infinitely more personal than racetrack gambling to engage their at tention when the new anti-tobacco league sets its prohibitionary machin ery into motion. Already in public squares and parks men seen snicking are approached, politely, firmly, even cordially, and warned of their evil ways by the pre sentation of a pamphlet which is a veritable counterblast against the per nicious weed. After the usual physical arguments are set forth the leaflet makes an appeal to women to help uproot the hideous habit of smoking. Pipe, cigar, cigarette must go; above all must be banished the soothing fine cut and the vulgar plug. As for man, smoking man, his chivalric impulses are harped upon by suggestive questions. Does he enjoy sitting next to a chimney emitting smoke? No, he does not; but he trans forms himself into a human chimney poisoning the air about him with vile gases. No doubt there will be a to bacco plant in the suffragettes' consti tution; unless, disturbing thought, tho ladies themselves may like to smoke. The following summing up In bloated type will trouble the soul of every masculine smoker in the land: "The to bacco habit can no more attach Itself to a truly spiritual life than fungus can attach itself to a healthy tree." The number of poets, divines, artists, philosophers who smoked and still smoke must dismay the good folk who are interested in this crusade. William J. at the Ely see. New York Sun. The candidate was at the Elysee. He had secured an audience through the good-natured offices of Ambassador Por ter, and President Fallieres gave him a hearty if somewhat perplexed welcome. "Nothing has impressed me so profoundly in France," said the candidate, "as the admirable conduct of your vast railroad system by your Government It has more than confirmed my unalterable con viction that the railroads of every country should belong to and bevadministered by the government of that country. ' The countenance of the President of the French Republic was a spectacle. "But, my dear sir," he gasped, "the rail roads of France are not in any way un der government control!" "Is it possible?" said the candidate. "Ah," he continued reflectivelS', "I was confusing them with, the Austro-Hun-garian lines. It was ot my journey west ward from Constantinople thai I was thinking. Now, there" "But." interjecied the French President with kindly solicitude, "you know, my dear sir, that the Austro-Hungariat: rail ways are no more under government con trol than are those of France!" -Thus did the candidate acquire and strengthen the conviction that the rail roads of his cquntry should be owned and controlled by the Federal Govern ment. Displeased Neighbors. Pendleton Tribune. Commenting upon a recent editorial In The pregonian. a partisan Democratic organ says the intention of that paper is "to steal," and says' it is a "thief going forth to plunder." But there can be nothing surprising about this to one who believes every man in the United States who supported Taft for President "thinks with his stom ach instead of his brains:" And The Oregonian supported Taft all right.- The Oregonian belongs to the lower order of newspapers which, being a. sup porter of Taft, merits and receives that denunciation which attaches to every one of the 7.000,000 men who voted for the successful candidate and who. therefore, avoid going through hell by "sitting at the table where the host is a hog and the food is seasoned for cowards." The Tribune desires to Join In the merited castigation of its Portland eon-temporary. HE "GOES WITH HIS STATE." Judge Lowell on "Disregarded Uw" and " Broken Pledges.' PENDLETON. Or., Nov. . (To the Ed itor.) I notice In your issue of this morn ing in an article discussing the Senatorship. mention of my name as among several Re publicans who may possibly receive consid eration at ihe coming session of the Legis lature. I do r.ot know that the matter requires at tention, but J desire to go of record while the fight U young, and to say that, while It Is the smrttlon of my life to represent Oregon In tne Federal Senate. I do not care to reach that high station over a pathway of broken pledges or disregarded laws, and I want neither silence nor word nor act of mine to Influence any member of the Legis lative Assembly to violate his conscience or his word. I opposed Statement No. 1 In the primary campaign win. such vigor and intelligence as 1 could command, believing It unwise impolitic and foreign to the form of gov ernment under which we live, but it is now the law of the state, made such by a ma jority vote of the people, and every law should be obeyed. I speak only for myself, and do not as sume to be the conscience ot the party or the mentor of the Legislature. STEPHEN A. LOWELL. Judge Lowell's final remark Is very well. But there are few who will agree with him-that "a law of the state" Is Iaw when it Is plainly and grossly violative of the constitutional method f the state, of the political rights of the citizen, whether an elec tor or member of the Legislature, and Is both ostensibly and avowedly adopt ed for the purpose of circumvention and defeat of the Constitution of the United States. When a "law" Is void, when It is no law, all "pledges" made In conformity with it are void, or voidable, also. Judge Lowell has himself declared, in effect, that this whole business was a trick game of politics; , he has pub lished an elaborate argument, calcu lated on the vote of the state, to prove that the Republicans of Oregon, great ly preponderating in the state, never Intended the enactment of the manda tory statute or the pledge for election of a Democrat to the Senate. No one knows better than he that ths "pledge" is one that electors had no right to require, and the candidate for the Legislature' no right to give. Tet he talks in this oily way about "dis regarded laws" and "broken pledges." Very well; Judge Lowell needn't trou ble himself about a seat in the Senate. There is no compulsion. He says it Is the ambition of his life to represent Oregon In the Senate; but he may as sure himself that under a scheme that sends Mr. Chamberlain to the Senate from a state that has 25,000 Repub lican majority, Mr. Lowell will not reach the Senate, nor any Republican, again. Moreover, It is not forgotten that Judge Lowell, through small, self ish spite, defeated Furnish for Governor in 1902, and started this whole busi ness of party wreck and political dis organization. But for this, when he was a candidate for the Senate he might have been nominated instead of Jonathan Bourne. If Judge Lowell doesn't think it is for him to resist and defy a method that Is as void from the beginning as an ordinance of secession would be. why, of course, he will submit and "go with his state." But there are others, not so complaisant. The "law" is no more a law than an act of the stato to take possession of the Postofflce would be; and every citizen has the same right to resist the one as ths other. But of course. The Oregonian does not assume to be the keeper of Judge Lowell's conscience in this or any other matter. Experience, how ever, shows that the argument for "conscience," In a great variety of matters, Is often peculiar. The Con federates of the South and their North ern political allies had it, pat. The syllogisms were complete, and all the deductions. You "must go with your state." But It Is asked, how or why Is this method a violation of the Constitution of the United States? Because the way of election of Senators I pre scribed by the Constitution, and this is Intended to be, and Is proclaimed to be, a .nullification of it, in fact. Again, the Constitution of Oregon and the Constitution of the United States are in harmony and agreement herein, as in other things; and this upsets tho method and system they have estab lished. The Senators must be elected by the Legislature, as the Constitution of the United States requires; the law of Oregon violates its own Constitution as to qualifications and tests for mem bers of the Legislature. It is intended for a complete change of the system, and so it is declared to be. The Oregonian Is with those people . of Oregon who do not submit to this, nor will they submit to it. It abol ishes representative government, and substitutes the intrigues of politicians and factions for it. Judge Lowell ad mits that he disapproves it, but he re fuses to resist it. Very well; but If nobody resists it then the system will remain. How Is it to be overthrown, unless resisted? Somebody must raise the question and lead the opposition. Judge Lowell prefers submission. The Constitution of the United States requires Senators to be elected by tho Legislature, under the representative system, which is to be carried out or en forced through the action of the states. But Judge Lowell was so satisfied with his experience with the new Oregon sys tem, in 1S0S, that though It Is "the am bition of his life" to represent Oregon In the Senate, he refused to try it again, under this system, in 1908. The Republican party of Oregon never will stand for anything, so long as invertebrates have Influence in it. Now the National crisis Is over, The Oregonian will be as free to act with Democrats in all our local and state affairs as with Republicans because Republicans are invertebrate; they turn all earnest effort to folly and laughter; they can be trusted in nothing. Let them do what they will. One more remark; which, however, Is apart from the main question. If Judge Lowell shall desire henceforward to publish in The Oregonian, will he kindly refrain from giving his com munications out to others for publica tion till they shall have had time to reach The Oregonian? This will be necessary, hereafter, to insure tbelr insertion In this Journal. He'll Sit on the Opposition. Eugene Register. The question arises will the White House chair have to be enlarged after March 4. Taking No Chances. Peedee. correspondent Dallas Itemlzer. Mart Shick killed the stork last week that has been in this neighborhood. i