THE 3IORNTXG OREGONIAN, MONDAY, NOVEMBER 9, lOS.
fOKTLAND. OREGON.
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rOBTLASD, MONDAY. SOT. .
I THE SLAVERY QUESTION IN OREGON.
Mr. T. W. Davenport, of Silverton,
'. honored as a pioneer and holding high
', place In our history among active par-
l tlclpants in the early political life of
Oregon, has written an article that ap
i pears In the current number of "The
Quarterly of the Oregon Historical
I Society." on the controversy over the
effort to Introduce slavery into the
new state, which took place during the
n.rinH of mrltarion for the formation
of a Constitution and admission of
Oregon Into the Union. 1 ne article is
an excellent representation and por
trayal of the spirit of the times nn
mhlch it deals. Probably no other
man remains among us who could
have done this particular piece of
work so well; for Mr. Davenport was
then lr the vigor of young mannooa,
had an active, observant, penetrative
and reflective mind, and was an ardent
and enthusiastic opponent of slavery
and advocate of freedom. Tct the
contest in Oregon was more apparent
than real: for two-thirds of the peo-
' pie of Oregon were opposed to slavery-
yet there was no little concern since
the Territory had a strong Democratic
majority and most of the leaders of
that party were either devoted to tne
slave power or greatly afraid of of
fending it.
The question as to slavery for and
against was submitted as a separate
article, for a. direct vote. At the elec
tion held November 9, 1S57. the con
stitution was adopted by a vote of
7193 ayes to 3195 nays. For slavery
there were 2645 votes: against it, 7727.
It was not a close contest, yet much
apprehension was felt by the oppo
nents of slavery, who greatly feared
the influence of Democratic politicians
and leaders, and of the Democratic
National administration, in favor of
the "institution."
A great part of the value of Mr.
Davenport's article, which extends to
sixty-five pages of the Quarterly, con
sists in his recollections of the men
of the time and of their various parts
in the early life of Oregon. Nearly
all the prominent men of that period
are brought under his review. The
estimates are accurate, and the re
marks discriminating: while time has
sc. softened the harshness of feeling
which then existed, that Mr. Daven
port, who himself was a corypheus In
the combat, now writes about the
various controversies like the sage and
philosopher that he is.
In the same number of the Quar
terly the celebrated "Free State Let
ter" of George H. Williams is
reprinted. frm the Oregon Statesman
of July 28. 1857. Judge Williams had
acted with the Democratic party, and
continued to act with it till the out
break of the great rebellion. But since
' he was an anti-slavery man, he was
distrusted by the pro-slavery section
of the party; and In order to make
himself fully understood by opponents,
ad well as by advocates of slavery, he
published his notable free-state let
ter. It was long: It covered a page of
the newspaper, and extend to twenty
pages In the Quarterly. Judge Wil
liams was not at that time prepared to
employ the moral argument against
slavery, for that would have subjected
him to the charge of being an "abo
litionist," which Indeed he was In fact,
yet he saw no way to the extinction of
slavery and thought it not best to
plunge into a discussion that could
then have had only an effect of further
Irritation. He therefore confined him
self to discussion of the question on
' Its economic side, showing that slavery
as a labor system was unsuitable to
Oregon, and could .be no benefit, but
- only a disadvantage to tho state.
The whole spirit of the division of
the Democratic party on the slavery
question as It then stood is reflected In
this essay. It Is a true transcript of
the state of the question as then pre
sented to most men's minds. The Re
publican party was then Just coming
Into active existence. Its demand was
not abolition, but resistance to further
extension of slavery. The middle
ground was the "popular sovereignty"
of Senator Douglas and of his section
of the Democratic party. That is. a
territory, on becoming a state, should
decide for itself whether it would have
slavery or not. In this posture of
affairs, and in opposition to slavery in
Oregon. Judge Williams wrote this
historic letter. It cut him off at once
from the pro-slavery section of the
Democratic party, and made it certain
that he would ultimately be a Republi
can. "Conscious," he said In his let
ter, "that this slavery discussion has
shaken the pillars of the Republic
has rent the most powerful church of
the Nation in twain has appeared
upon the plains of Kansas with fierce
strife and bloodshed: I address my
self to It. feeling somewhat as 1 would
to approach a cloud charged with
lightning and whirlwind." From such
utterance the present generation may
Judge how tense a condition that ques
tion then made!
The argument throughout showed
the impracticability of slavery in
Oregon. "Isolated as Oregon is by
thousands of miles from other
slave states, and from all the sup
ports of slavery, an effort to maintain
the Institution here would be almost
as Impotent as the command of the
vain Canute to the waves of the
ocean." But the difficulty' to any po
litician of the dominant party in Ore
gon was extreme, for large part of
the early population was from slave
states: and all here had to live to
gether. "Can Oregon." asked Judge
Williams, "with her great claims, pres
ent and prospective, upon the Govern
ment, afford to throw away the friend
ship of the North the overruling
power of the Nation for the sake of
slavery?" Portentous question! Al
most pathetic too is the disclaimer, felt
by most persons to be wise then, but
ow read m s strangely: "Whatever
! may be Inferred from my arguments
; against slavery in Oregon, I disclaim
all sympathy with the abolition agi
tators of the North, and deprecate and
denounce all sectional organizations on
the subject." , Such a condition for a
country! It was a task of greater dif
ficulty to get rid of slavery than to
create a Nation.
PROSPERITY'S FLOOO TIDE.
By a demonstration almost over
whelming in Its proportions, the busi
ness Interests of the country have
again displayed implicit confidence in
the principles and policy of the Re
publican party. Prior to election, the
Republican claims that the election
of Mr. Taft would be followed by an
Instantaneous revival of business were
greeted with derision by most of the
Democratic leaders of the country.
,And yet the most glowing picture that
could have been painted by the most
enthusiastic of the Republican spell
binders would hardly have exaggerat
ed the situation which now confronts
us. The New York World, which is
usually disinclined to see anything
good in Republicanism, appreciates
the news value of the change, and, in
an exhaustive review, covering all of
the prominent industrial centers of the
United States, shows that the election
of Mr. Taft has already been followed
by the employment of more than 1,
000.000 men.
In all lines of industrial endeavor
there Is a feeling of buoyancy that is
sweeping all skepticism aside and
seems certain to result in greater pros
perity than this country has ever
known. But while partisan politics,
as usual, figured quite extensively in
bringing about this restoration of con
fidence and its attendant revival of
business, the result is a far greater
tribute to the understanding which the
American people have of the great
principles of political economy. There
were certain time-tried, care-hardened,
economic facts that could not be dis
placed by theories without seriously
disarranging our entire commercial
and financial conditions. The moment
that the people by their votes an
nounced that the safe and sane poli
cies which in the past had led to pros
perity were not to be supplanted by
vague theories of dubious worth, the
business revival followed as naturally.
The people of the United States,
within the past few years, have been
accumulating money more rapidly
than ever before. The amount of de
posits, as shown by the bank state
ments, exceeded that of any former
period in the- history of the country.
Nothing could be more natural than
that the holders of this idle money
should be desirous of getting it to
work where it could earn something.
From this class of investment buyers
has come the flood of buying orders
that has sent the stock market up
with an unprecedented rush. With
plenty of money for the flotation of
stock issues long pending, the rail
roads will be enabled to engage in
new construction and betterment work
in keeping with the heavy demands
that will soon be made on them. They
will be In the market for large quan- .
titles of steel and other material and
equipment:? and this In turn will give
employment to thousands of factory
and steel mill employes. As the dollar
or tne workingman is always more
nimble than that of any other class,
an indeterminable number of indus
tries will share with labor in the re
vival which is now gathering headway
with irresistible force.
The part which the Pacific North
west will play in this revival of pros
perity is an important one. No other
region offers better opportunities for
either labor or capital, and an invest
ment of either in this part of the
world will bring great returns alike to
the new Investor and to those" who
have already begun the work of ex
ploitation and development. At no
time in the history of Portland and
the territory tributary to this city has
the future presented a more favorable
outlook than now.
"SOT COMPETENCE. AND . YET NOT
WANT."
The University of Kansas has
lately been dealing, through chapel
lectures, with the "Ideal Home Life."
Mr. J. D. Bowersock, of Lawrence, in
a recent address to the student body
of that vigorous Western institution.
spoke upon this topic, and directly
to the point. He took the old-fashioned
view that wealth Is not essen
tial to happiness In the home, nor to
the existence of a healthy well-governed
family. In this view he took
sharp and decisive issue with Pro
fessor F. W. Blackmar, of the Uni
versity, who had declared that to
marry and attempt to bring up a
family on J25 a week could only re
sult In unhapptness and family de
generacy. "It is not true," declared
Mr. Bowersock. "that a healthy family
necessarily demands such an Income
in its support, education and happi
ness.
The experience of thousands of
men and women who have mar
ried and brought up families upon
a much less sum than this, and the
history of every industrious rural
community In the country, corroborate
this statement. And when Mr. Bower
sock added: "The typical American
family which furnishes the brains and
brawn of our Nation lives happily and
well on much less than the sum
deemed Insufficient for the needs of
a civilized family, by Professor Black
mar," he made a statement that is
verified throughout the length and
breadth of this broad land.
A hundred dollars a month is not
luxury, It is true, when applied to the
needs of home and family life. But
half that sum, as we all know, when
wisely handled and supplemented by
Industry, means comfort, content
ment and happiness to. parents and
children alike in thousands of well
ordered homes, the assertion of the
Kansan pundit to the contrary not
withstanding. As to "family degen
eracy," due to the attempt to main
tain a home and bring up a family
on J 2 5 a week, that is sheerest non
sense. Family degeneracy Is not pos
sible where thrift rules and the simple
lessons of industry-, economy and re
spect for the rights of others are In
culcated. Poverty is not an ideal
condition in the home or out of it;
but poverty in the extreme sense of
the word is not necessary in Ameri
can homes and certainly it is not
represented by an income of $25 a
week.
So while clergymen of Boston are de
ploring the growing disinclination of
young men and women to marry and
teachers of Kansas are advising them
that they cannot be happy and bring
up a family on any such beggarly sum
as $25 a week, wedding bells that
announce the establishment of new
homes and prospective families are
ringing merrily all over the land
though the income in sight may be
far below the amount designated as
a sum that is prohibitive of home
comfort and family respectability an
responsibility.
Industry, economy and self-denial
are popularly supposed to be old
fashioned virtues that do :bt thrive
upon the soil of modern life. Yet we
know that they will In myrads o
homes of limited means and produce,
as of yore, energetic, ambitious men
and Industrious, capable women. The
trouble Is not with people of this class
who toil diligently, manage carefully
and bring up self-reliant families on
small means, but with those who are
accustomed to receive large salaries,
spend all they get In maintaining
standard of comfort that they have
established and are not able to see
how any one else can manage to live
and be respectable on less than they
themselves spend.
Whittier. In that lncomparabl
American Winter Idyl, "Snow Bound,1
introduces a young man as one of the
home fireside group during a period o
storm isolation In this wise:
Bom the wild Northern hills iroonf
From whence hi yeoman father wrung
Fly patient toll subsistence scant.
Not competence and yet not want.
He early gained the power to pay
His cheerful, self-reliant way.
The secret of family happiness and
Individual Independence, even though
the income Is small, is found in these
lines. It Is a fact of our statj and Na
tlonal history that from - homes and
conditions represented by the words
"not competence and yet not want"
the men who have done things, and
the women who have helped them In
the doing have sprung.
OLD CEMETERIES IN CITIES.
An argument In favor of cremation
as against earth burial, that appeals
strongly to all of reverent nature Is
found every time an old burial ground
is converted by the march of progress,
to commercial uses. Bones of the un
remembered dead are disinterred by
excavations for foundations of great
modern buildings, relnterred again
without ceremony to be again removed
as occasion requires, or blended In the
undistingulshable mass of debris that
must be gotten rid of.
Every large city in the land has
been called upon to make disposal In
some sort of these disinterred human
bones. Portland, though neither an
old nor a great city, has already ab
sorbed two cemeteries one in a com
mercial and the other in a residence
district; the confines of another are
being pressed on every side by homes;
sanitary considerations have already
more than hinted that burials therein
should no longer be permitted.
But recently in excavating for
sewer at Fifth avenue and Twenty
sixth street in New York City human
skulls and bones were encountered by
the startled excavators. Search of old
city records disclosed the fact that at
one time that now busy section was
used as a potters' field. "In 1794," so
runs the recbrd, "a parcel of land ly
ing at the Junction of the Post Road
and Bloomingdale Road, now nearly
all in Madison Square, was appropri
ated by the city from the 'common
lands' for a potters' field." So swiftly
did growth encroach upon the sup
posed prerogatives of the dead that
in 1797 but three years later this
site was abandoned as a burial place
and part of a farm now the site of
Washington Square was acquired for
a new potters' field. In 182 7 this site
was also abandoned, many of the
bodies being reburied at the place
lately disturbed by excavations for a
sewer.
Cremation, clean, quick and com
plete leaves nothing to shock the sens!
billties of a future generation. There
is no reason to doubt that cemeteries
in all great cities will in time be closed
to business, turned Into parks and
crematories be established in their
stead. This will be in the joint inter
est of sanitation and economy, and in
the long look, that necessarily governs
the disposal of the dead of true sensi
bility.
AS TO IIM.E WOMEN.
Idle women, according to Dr. Anna.
Howard Shaw, are as dead timber that
cumbers the stream of industrial and
political activity in this country.
"The industries that occupied their
grandmothers," continues this apomle
of reform and advocate of the ballot
(or women, "do not occupy the grand
daughters, and this has taken from
the latter the opportunity of being
producers of wealth."
While nobody can gainsay the truth
of the statement that Idle women are
clogs upon the wheels of progress (the
same, of course, being true of Idle
men). It Is scarcely conceivable that
Dr. Shaw would have them return to
the' distaff and the spindle, the hand
loom and the dye pot, the churn
dasher and the cheese press, in the
name of personal liberty and political
advancement.
Many of us. Dr. Shaw included, can
remember our grandmothers in the
prime of their industrial activities.
Soft-voiced, gray-haired women they
were, whose toil-hardened hands and
faces early old bore witness to the
years of strenuous endeavor that lay
behind them; but was not their part as
wealth-producers a silent one? Did
any one ever think of women In those
days as earners? Were not shelter
and food and clothing, often of the
most Inferior quality, all that was
deemed necessary in the way ,of ma
terial recompense for the toil of these
dear old grandmothers? ; Did the title
deeds. to property contain their names
as principals?
They were not "idle women" then,
our grandmothers. Nor were they non
producers as faithful memory attests;
nor did they cherish vain hopes of po
litical equality. They were women
who. outside of the home, had and
claimed no rights, and Inside of It had
and enjoyed only such rights as were
left over after husbands and children
were supplied. Perhaps the self-abnegation
of these very grandmothers
bore fruit In the selfishness and Indo
lence and uselessness of many of their
descendants. "We are depriving
them" (the descendants), says Dr.
Shaw, "of all Incentive to intellect;
using the state's money in educating
them and then throwing them back on
the state as dead lumber." With every
avenue of industry and many profes
sions, notably that of teaching, crowd
ed with earnest, capable, hard-working
women; women who, while they
do not spin and weave and knit and
make patchwork quilts and sew carpet
rags. ' work to the limit of their
strength, six days out of seven, acquire
property and engage in business. It
does not look as if women will have to
return to the days of their grandmoth
ers to find Incentive and opportunity
to work. There are, no doubt, more
Idle women now than there were In
grandmother's day, for the reason that
there are more women now than then.
The cities abound with idle women,
but do they not also swarm with work
ing women? Is It fair, in view of
these facts, to declare that women are
consumers, not producers, or that
when educated by the state they are
thrown back upon the state as dead
lumber?
The serious illness of Governor
elect S. G. Cosgrove. of Washington
will be deeply regretted by all who
know the old Republican war horse
of the Evergreen state. The irony of
fate would indeed be noticeable if the
worst fears regarding the condition of
Mr. Cosgrove were .realized, for during
his long and active career in Wash
ington politics he has more than once
been very close to the victory which is
now safely his. Washington may have
more learned men and perhaps greater
statesmen than Governor-elect Cos
grove, but he is a good, honorable citi
zen of a type that the state can ill
afford to lose, and throughout his
long career In Washington politic he
was as good a Republican, after being
defeated for nomination, as he was
before. The death of Mr. Cosgrove at
this time would be a distinct loss to
Washington, and it is to be hoped that
his condition is less serious than
reported.
Let no workingman who owns the
cottage in which he and his family
live, and which he Is able to maintain
by the labor of his hands, envy Charles
M. Schwab, the great steel magnate,
his $7,000,000 palace on Riverside
Drive, New York City. The millions
for which the name of Schwab stands
are not sufficient to keep the great
marble palace alight with the warmth
and glow of happy, contented home
life, while to maintain these elements
In the cottage the dally wage of the
workingman Is adequate. As a result.
the palace on Riverside Drive is board
ed up and left to a caretaker, while
the door of the cottage in the suburb
opens to greet its owner at night, send
ing out a cheerful glow far Into the
dark, while within its "caretaker"
lifts the steaming food to the table.
around which the children gather. The
contrast is a striking one In this land
of contrasts, with the odds for happi
ness In favor of the cottage and its
Inmates.
The Japanese government has given
notice to the local governors to pro
hibit the emigration of Japanese la
borers to America and Hawaii. At
the same time It is stated that emigra
tion will be encouraged to Peru and
Brazil. This policy will undoubtedly
remove a considerable portion of the
friction that has been caused between
Japan and the United States. This
friction was caused by the aggressive
ness of the Japanese laborers in
crowding white men out of employ
ment along the Pacific Coast. If the
reports regarding labor conditions In
Peru and Brazil are authentic, there
will hardly be any friction from a sim
ilar cause among the Peruvians and
Brazilians, for they have already es
tablished a scale of wages which ought
to be sufficiently low to prevent the
Japanese making any serious Inroads
on it.
Our local Democratic brethren pro
fess to be content. And contentment
a great matter. One of them, re
ported yesterday by The Oregonlan,
said: "Even if Bryan is not in the
Presidential chair his policies will con
tinue to be followed. The principles
he has promulgated have been lived up
to by Roosevelt, and I hope they will
be followed by Roosevelt's successor."
Here arises a puzzle. Mr. Bryan Be
gan his campaign by declaring him
self Roosevelt's heir. Roosevelt had
started the good work and Bryan
would continue it. "The truth is,"
says the New York Evening Post,
"that Mr. Bryan bound his own hands
when he upraised Mr. Roosevelt so
lavishly and Insisted that he was the
President's legitimate heir."
By some hook or crook the dog has
undeservedly got the name of being
pre-eminently the "friend of man."
That distinction belongs to the pig.
Klamath County has been raising dogs
for some sixty years without much ef
fect upon her general welfare. Now
she has begun to raise hogs and her
wealth Immediately grows by leaps
and bounds. Suppose every person in
Portland who harbors a dog should
replace it with a pig. The city would
not only gain in quiet and cleanli
ness, but at Christmas time the pig
could be made into wholesome sau
sages, whereas those founded upon the
dog leave much to be desired both as
o sapidity and hygiene.
Perhaps that Michigan judge who
declared that water and cereals In
sausage constitute adulteration was
third assistant in a butcher shop when
boy. He probably knew the gen
eral rule that a pound of chopped
meat will hold half a pound of water,
or somewhere near that quantity'.
First thing we know, he will be de
ciding that it is unlawful to sell sir
loin steaks off the fore-ouarter. Hnnn't
a butcher 'some rights that a court
Is bound to respect?
Nat Goodwin's fourth bride-elect is
displeased by Nat's "humorous" dec
laration that he was so busy last
Saturday he could not take a day off
to get married. She may find that
he will be so busy that he cannot take
a year off to stay married. But that
won't be so humorous.
There are no hard times in Oregon;
or have there been, for a dozen years.
But people who expect something for
nothing, rewards without exertion.
roflts without paying the price, will
have hard times always and forever.
Bryan was elected President by con
victs in the Nevada penitentiary by a
vote of 69 to 20. The prisoners must
have been mostly bank wreckers, who
want the Bryan method of bank
guaranty. x
The Elklns girl cables her Abruzzl
Duke annual sympathy, on account of
his mother, who died 82 years ago.
That is probbaly a suitable way of
showing appreciation for an ideal
mother-in-law.
The Legislature of Oregon will as
semble two months hence. In the mat
ter of legislation it will have no proper
business, except to repeal statutes
heretofore enacted. Even herein it
most probably will be remiss.
It would be a real disappointment to
Oregon statesmanship if Taft should
be too tired to play golf at Hot Springs
r should fall to forget that certain
Oregon statesmen used to say that
Bryan would bent him.
When oats, hay and potatoes are at
boosted prices es now, they show that
lot of folks have lost money this year
loafing in the city or otherwise being
lazy.
Of course the cigar-stand Idlers who
bet their cash on Bryan are glad pros
perity has come so that they can win
their money back by going- to work.
RULING PASSION OF MRS. A5TOR
Did the Social Awtocrat Oe-t More Out
of Life This the Humble Mother?
. Kansas City Star.
Mrs. Astor presented a very rare
example of absorption in the gay con
cerns of this life at an age when the
vast majority of women are content
with such quiet comforts as the preser
vation of their health and faculties
will permit them to enjoy. It Is scarce
ly trite to say that in the case of Mrs.
Astor the ruling passion was strong in
death. To a great host of women of
temperaments and environments anti
podal to those ot Mrs. Astor. the spec
tacle of a woman approaching four1
score years, with a visible touch of
the infirmity of age upon her, keeping
up a struggle for social rank, will ap
pear nothing short of pathetic The
amount of labor Involved in that style
of competition, even in tbe case of a
woman of Mrs. Astor"s great riches,
is enormous, and the exactions which
it carries with it seem strangely un
becoming at a period of life when the
heart, the mind and the body would
seem to yearn for tranquility and re
pose. It may be believed, nevertheless,
that Mrs. Astor found delight and re
freshment in paying this tribute to
her proud position. She- was, essen
tially, a woman of the world. The
power she wielded as a social leader
and arbiter was doubtless as grateful
to her as the influence which men
covet and attain in various public
activities. She may even have foun
in the consciousness of her authority,
a stimulus to the sort of Interest that
conduces to longevity. What Mrs.
Astor may have thought of the use
she made of her time and opportuni
ties in the conscious moments succeed
ing the knowledge that the end was
near at hand, will have to be left to
conjecture and speculation. It must be
that achievements wholly or largely
worldly in their nature lose their value
as the soul feels them receding beyond
sight and reach, and as It stands, shorn
of all earthly reliance, in the face of an
unknown future.
Like the most of us in this world, Mrs.
Astor lived her life as circumstances de
fined and laid out for her. There is no
reason to believe that it was vain or un
satisfactory to her; but was it, after all,
such a life as to warrant the belief that
the thousands and thousands of women
whose ambitions never stray beyond their
homes and the fulfillment of their humble
duties to those about them may not be as
happy and as serviceable to humanity .as
the woman who for many -years ruled as a
social autocrat in the most splendid city
In the Western hemisphere?
HIS side: ISSUES.
And He Had Managed to Build Up a
Nice Little Business.
' Puck.
"I would hardly suppose' that so
small a place as this would afford em
ployment for a barber," said the city
man to the barber In a village in which
it was exciting to see six persons on
the street at one time.
"Well, it would not be if a man had
to depend on barberlng alone," was the
reply. "But you see I have one or two
side issues that help out, or I couldn't
stay here. There's my cigars and to
bacco business: that brings me in quite
little. Then I m agent for a laundry
that runs a wagon over here from the
next town. Then you see I sell the city
papers and do consid'rable in the way
of picture postal cards. I'm agent for
three kinds of hair-growers, and I got
quite a little stock of writing paper
and envelopes: and I got myself ap
pointed Justice of the Peace the first
of the year, and I pick up a dollar or
two a week "at that. I do a little in
the real estate line, and now and then
a drummer comes along and gives me a
dollar for letting him use one end of
my shop to show his goods in. Then
I'm agent for six different magazines
and a couple of books, and I keep a
stock of these mantles for lamps. My
pool table is used a lot nights and I
sharpen knives and scissors as well as
razors. Then 1 tinker clocks and I
have an electrical massage machine
that I use a great deal more than you'd
think I'd use In a place like this. My
wife keeps three boarders and does
dressmaking and gives dancing lessons
and does home millinery and makes
pies and doughnuts to sell. So with a
few little side issues I make the bar
berlng business pay pretty well. I
never see the day yet when I couldnt
find something to do, and it's always
good thing for a fellow to have a
little side issue or two in conection
with his regular business."
The Recent Campaign.
New York Times.
The corporations themselves laid the
foundation by sinful practices that, to
be hated and assailed, had only to be
exposed. Mr. Roosevelt first and eagerly
seized upon these disclosures of vice aa
a sure method of endearing himself to
the people. Mr. Bryan, who is a skillful
imitator, then sought to outdo his model.
Mr. Taft could do little better than to
follow on. though he has done it in a
more reserved and gentlemanly fashion.
The consequence has been that the cam
paign has produced not a single speech
upon qustlons of great principle that will
linger in public memory. Mr. Hughes'
speeches were the best of all, and they
consisted In an able and destructive an
alysis of Mr. Bryan's nostrums. Mr.
Taft's statement of hie Judicial acts and
his present position in. respect to labor
was eminently candid and satisfactory.
That may be. remembered. For the rest
there is nothing, nothing that rises above
the level of the merest ephemeral cam
paign trash.
Hoa- Fasted 30 Days.
Long Creek Ranger.
Walter Chapman and Crista Allen tell
a most remarkable story of a hog that
was lost at the Chapman ranch, a few
miles east of town this Fall, and a
search was made for the missing hog.
but no trace of the animal could be found
until 30 days later. Mr. Allen had an oc
casion to visit an old cellar at the Ladd
ranch, and on opening the door he found
the old hog. He carried it to a pen near
by and with careful attention, she is fast
recovering from her long imprisonment.
The boys state that the hog weighed
over 200 pounds when lost, but when
found, was nothing more than a stack of
bones, and did not weigh over 50 pounds.
The hog had gone into the cellar and
in rooting had closed the door. She had
not received any water to drink that the
boys know of. and all the food she had
to eat was a litter of pigs. The animal
was still able to walk, and just how
much longer she would have lived is hard
to tell.
SUPPOSED TO BE HUMOROUS.
"Your wife has eloped .with your chauf
feur." "I don't care. I was golnir to Are
him anyway." Philadelphia Inquirer.
"He's an old newspaper man." 'About
how old?" "Well, he can remember when
they only Issued extras when something
happened." Louisville Courier-Journal.
First Foreigner "Why do they call this
the 'garden city" ?" Second Foreigner
"Why? Look at the rich, black dirt in the
streets!" Chicago Tribune.
"On what ground," Asked the lawyer,
'does your wife want a divorce? Incompat
ibility?" "Something of that sort. . I reck
on," answered the man. "My income Isn't
compatible with her ideas of comfort."
Chicago Tribune.
Alexander was before Tyre. "To suc
ceed." counselled his generals, "we must
invest the city." Alec frowned. "To make
our revenge keener, why not compel the
citizens to do the investing and let us be
the promoters?" he answered. Whereupon
the court Jester withdrew to draw up the
prospectus. Puck.
"Why do you invariably predict the cold
est Winter we have had in years?" "Well."
answered Professor Blatherton. "if it rorr.es
true people necessarily give me credit for
great wisdom. And if It doesn't come true
they are too thankful to bold any grudge."
Washington Star. .
GROWING USE OF STEEL,
It Will-Largely Replace Wood In Rail
way and Other Construction.
Iron Trade Review.
There are about 315.000 miles of track
owned by- the public railroads. Ulti
mately substantially all will have to be
laid with 100-pound rails, which will put
Into service just 50,000.000 tons of steel
rails. At an average life of ten years,
replacement alone will call for 6.000,000
tons a year, and while say f.000.000 tons
of worn rails will be taken up. to be re
worked into other forms, the require
ments for new track will help to bal
ance this. To lay this trackage in steel
ties of the most accepted form now in
use would require some 60.000,000 tons.
Only one important objection has been
made to this tie, and that is that it is
too light. The obvious remedy is to
make it heavier, so that we may count
upon 75,000,000 to 100.000,000 tons of steel
for this purpose. The only reason the
tie was made too light, if it is so, was
because wooden ties were relatively
cheap and steel relatively dear.
The cost of wooden ties is increasing
year by year, and if the steel industry
needs the tonnage it will meet the prop
osition half way and sell the steel more
cheaply, so that this problem will solve
itself. There are nearly 2,000,000 wooden
freight cars in existence. Allowing for
the iron and steel in them. It will re
quire 30,000.000 tons of pig iron in addi
tion to replace them with steel cars.
There are nearly 50,000 passenger, mall,
express and baggage cars, to replace
wiicli with steel cars will call for 2,500.
000 tons of pig iron in addition, and this
work will be of especial benefit to the
steel Industry because a considerable
part of the steel will have to be. worked
up into the light forms of sheets, small
angles, etc. About 3.000.000.000 board feet
of shingles are consumed annually in the
United States. Ultimately this use must
be supplied by metals In which tlnplate
must take a prominent place.
Lath take about 1,000.000.000 board feet
a year, and will be replaced by sheet
steel or wire lath. More than 1,000.000,
000 board feet go into cooperage stock,
and for much of this use wood will have
to yield to steel. These bare figure
show the possibilities, but they do not
furnish an adequate conception in tons
of steel. A rough idea of the possibilities
of steel replacing wood may be gained
by the following statement: The United
States forest service estimates that rail
road ties comprise only about 8 per cent
of the total wood used in the United
States, yet our estimate just made shows
that the replacement of wood by steel
in this work will mean between 60. .j0.
000 and 100.000,000 tons of steel. As large
buildings are now constructed of steel
or steel and concrete, It may be expected
that small buildings, even dwelling
houses-, will ultimately fall Into line.
The form of structures will be some
what different, small shapes being used,
with fastenings designed to be handled
by the ordinary contractor, without
rivets, and perhaps without bolts. These
small sections and fastening with me
tallic lath, ana perhaps with steel sash
and frames, will make much more work
for the rolling mills, proportionate to
tonnage, than the heavy forms, such as
rails and large structural shapes. Alto
gether, it is not difficult to see hundreds
of millions of tons of steel demand for
the next few decades, and the principal
eovernlner element will be the relative
costs of the competing materials. As the
present rate of, drain on our forests
points to an. ultimate life of only from
10 to 20 or 25 years and as concrete con
struction, generally requiring some steel,
is constantly being made cheaper, the
drift is quite clear.
NEW CRUSADE AGAINST TOBACCO
League In New York Presents at Blast
Against the Pernicious Weed.
New York Sun.
, The vigilant guardians of "personal
liberty'' in this state will have some
thing infinitely more personal than
racetrack gambling to engage their at
tention when the new anti-tobacco
league sets its prohibitionary machin
ery into motion.
Already in public squares and parks
men seen snicking are approached,
politely, firmly, even cordially, and
warned of their evil ways by the pre
sentation of a pamphlet which is a
veritable counterblast against the per
nicious weed. After the usual physical
arguments are set forth the leaflet
makes an appeal to women to help
uproot the hideous habit of smoking.
Pipe, cigar, cigarette must go; above
all must be banished the soothing fine
cut and the vulgar plug.
As for man, smoking man, his
chivalric impulses are harped upon by
suggestive questions. Does he enjoy
sitting next to a chimney emitting
smoke? No, he does not; but he trans
forms himself into a human chimney
poisoning the air about him with vile
gases. No doubt there will be a to
bacco plant in the suffragettes' consti
tution; unless, disturbing thought, tho
ladies themselves may like to smoke.
The following summing up In bloated
type will trouble the soul of every
masculine smoker in the land: "The to
bacco habit can no more attach Itself
to a truly spiritual life than fungus
can attach itself to a healthy tree."
The number of poets, divines, artists,
philosophers who smoked and still
smoke must dismay the good folk who
are interested in this crusade.
William J. at the Ely see.
New York Sun.
The candidate was at the Elysee. He
had secured an audience through the
good-natured offices of Ambassador Por
ter, and President Fallieres gave him a
hearty if somewhat perplexed welcome.
"Nothing has impressed me so profoundly
in France," said the candidate, "as the
admirable conduct of your vast railroad
system by your Government It has
more than confirmed my unalterable con
viction that the railroads of every country
should belong to and bevadministered by
the government of that country. '
The countenance of the President of
the French Republic was a spectacle.
"But, my dear sir," he gasped, "the rail
roads of France are not in any way un
der government control!"
"Is it possible?" said the candidate.
"Ah," he continued reflectivelS', "I was
confusing them with, the Austro-Hun-garian
lines. It was ot my journey west
ward from Constantinople thai I was
thinking. Now, there"
"But." interjecied the French President
with kindly solicitude, "you know, my
dear sir, that the Austro-Hungariat: rail
ways are no more under government con
trol than are those of France!"
-Thus did the candidate acquire and
strengthen the conviction that the rail
roads of his cquntry should be owned
and controlled by the Federal Govern
ment. Displeased Neighbors.
Pendleton Tribune.
Commenting upon a recent editorial In
The pregonian. a partisan Democratic
organ says the intention of that paper is
"to steal," and says' it is a "thief going
forth to plunder."
But there can be nothing surprising
about this to one who believes every
man in the United States who supported
Taft for President "thinks with his stom
ach instead of his brains:" And The
Oregonian supported Taft all right.-
The Oregonian belongs to the lower
order of newspapers which, being a. sup
porter of Taft, merits and receives that
denunciation which attaches to every one
of the 7.000,000 men who voted for the
successful candidate and who. therefore,
avoid going through hell by "sitting at
the table where the host is a hog and the
food is seasoned for cowards."
The Tribune desires to Join In the
merited castigation of its Portland eon-temporary.
HE "GOES WITH HIS STATE."
Judge Lowell on "Disregarded Uw"
and " Broken Pledges.'
PENDLETON. Or., Nov. . (To the Ed
itor.) I notice In your issue of this morn
ing in an article discussing the Senatorship.
mention of my name as among several Re
publicans who may possibly receive consid
eration at ihe coming session of the Legis
lature. I do r.ot know that the matter requires at
tention, but J desire to go of record while
the fight U young, and to say that, while
It Is the smrttlon of my life to represent
Oregon In tne Federal Senate. I do not care
to reach that high station over a pathway
of broken pledges or disregarded laws, and
I want neither silence nor word nor act of
mine to Influence any member of the Legis
lative Assembly to violate his conscience or
his word.
I opposed Statement No. 1 In the primary
campaign win. such vigor and intelligence
as 1 could command, believing It unwise
impolitic and foreign to the form of gov
ernment under which we live, but it is now
the law of the state, made such by a ma
jority vote of the people, and every law
should be obeyed.
I speak only for myself, and do not as
sume to be the conscience ot the party or
the mentor of the Legislature.
STEPHEN A. LOWELL.
Judge Lowell's final remark Is very
well. But there are few who will
agree with him-that "a law of the
state" Is Iaw when it Is plainly and
grossly violative of the constitutional
method f the state, of the political
rights of the citizen, whether an elec
tor or member of the Legislature, and
Is both ostensibly and avowedly adopt
ed for the purpose of circumvention
and defeat of the Constitution of the
United States. When a "law" Is void,
when It is no law, all "pledges" made
In conformity with it are void, or
voidable, also.
Judge Lowell has himself declared,
in effect, that this whole business was
a trick game of politics; , he has pub
lished an elaborate argument, calcu
lated on the vote of the state, to prove
that the Republicans of Oregon, great
ly preponderating in the state, never
Intended the enactment of the manda
tory statute or the pledge for election
of a Democrat to the Senate. No one
knows better than he that ths
"pledge" is one that electors had no
right to require, and the candidate for
the Legislature' no right to give. Tet
he talks in this oily way about "dis
regarded laws" and "broken pledges."
Very well; Judge Lowell needn't trou
ble himself about a seat in the Senate.
There is no compulsion. He says it Is
the ambition of his life to represent
Oregon In the Senate; but he may as
sure himself that under a scheme that
sends Mr. Chamberlain to the Senate
from a state that has 25,000 Repub
lican majority, Mr. Lowell will not
reach the Senate, nor any Republican,
again. Moreover, It is not forgotten
that Judge Lowell, through small, self
ish spite, defeated Furnish for Governor
in 1902, and started this whole busi
ness of party wreck and political dis
organization. But for this, when he was
a candidate for the Senate he might have
been nominated instead of Jonathan
Bourne.
If Judge Lowell doesn't think it is
for him to resist and defy a method
that Is as void from the beginning as
an ordinance of secession would be.
why, of course, he will submit and "go
with his state." But there are others,
not so complaisant. The "law" is no
more a law than an act of the stato
to take possession of the Postofflce
would be; and every citizen has the
same right to resist the one as ths
other. But of course. The Oregonian
does not assume to be the keeper of
Judge Lowell's conscience in this or
any other matter. Experience, how
ever, shows that the argument for
"conscience," In a great variety of
matters, Is often peculiar. The Con
federates of the South and their North
ern political allies had it, pat. The
syllogisms were complete, and all the
deductions. You "must go with your
state."
But It Is asked, how or why Is this
method a violation of the Constitution
of the United States? Because the
way of election of Senators I pre
scribed by the Constitution, and this is
Intended to be, and Is proclaimed to
be, a .nullification of it, in fact. Again,
the Constitution of Oregon and the
Constitution of the United States are
in harmony and agreement herein, as
in other things; and this upsets tho
method and system they have estab
lished. The Senators must be elected
by the Legislature, as the Constitution
of the United States requires; the law
of Oregon violates its own Constitution
as to qualifications and tests for mem
bers of the Legislature. It is intended
for a complete change of the system,
and so it is declared to be.
The Oregonian Is with those people .
of Oregon who do not submit to this,
nor will they submit to it. It abol
ishes representative government, and
substitutes the intrigues of politicians
and factions for it. Judge Lowell ad
mits that he disapproves it, but he re
fuses to resist it. Very well; but If
nobody resists it then the system will
remain. How Is it to be overthrown,
unless resisted? Somebody must raise
the question and lead the opposition.
Judge Lowell prefers submission.
The Constitution of the United States
requires Senators to be elected by tho
Legislature, under the representative
system, which is to be carried out or en
forced through the action of the states.
But Judge Lowell was so satisfied with
his experience with the new Oregon sys
tem, in 1S0S, that though It Is "the am
bition of his life" to represent Oregon In
the Senate, he refused to try it again,
under this system, in 1908. The Republican
party of Oregon never will stand for
anything, so long as invertebrates have
Influence in it. Now the National crisis
Is over, The Oregonian will be as free
to act with Democrats in all our local
and state affairs as with Republicans
because Republicans are invertebrate;
they turn all earnest effort to folly and
laughter; they can be trusted in nothing.
Let them do what they will.
One more remark; which, however, Is
apart from the main question. If Judge
Lowell shall desire henceforward to
publish in The Oregonian, will he
kindly refrain from giving his com
munications out to others for publica
tion till they shall have had time to
reach The Oregonian? This will be
necessary, hereafter, to insure tbelr
insertion In this Journal.
He'll Sit on the Opposition.
Eugene Register.
The question arises will the White
House chair have to be enlarged after
March 4.
Taking No Chances.
Peedee. correspondent Dallas Itemlzer.
Mart Shick killed the stork last week
that has been in this neighborhood.
i