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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (May 5, 1908)
-rrrv. JIORICISU OK EGOXTAX. - TUESDAY, MAY o, 1908. SUBSCRIPTION BATES. INVABUBLT IN ADVANCE. (By Mall.) IBlIy,. Sunday Included! one year S? Iially, Sunday Included, six month. ... 4 -5 Dally. Funrtay Included, three month. . S-25 Dally, Sunday Included, one month T5 liallv, without Sunday, one year ...... 6.00 Dally, without Sunday, air" months. .. . 3.-5 Dally, without Sunday, three month!.. 175 Dally, without Sunday, one month oO Sunday, one year -50 Weekly, one year (Indued Thursday)... 150 Sunday and weekly, one year.. W 3-o BY CARRIER. Dally. Sunday tnoluded. one year. . . .r. .0.00 Dallv. Sunday Included, one month 75 HOW TO REMIT Send poetoftlce money order, expreea order or personal check on your local bank. Stamp, coin or currency are at the sender's risk. Give postofflce ad dress In full. Including county and state. POSTAGE RATES. Entered at Portland. Oregon, Postofflce as fecond-Cl" Matter. , 10 to 14 Pages -1 ce"' 1 to 29 Pages J c .! 80 to 44 Pages 3 cen" 48 to 60 Pages 4 cents Foreign postage, double rates. IMPORTANT The postal law are "'let. Newspapers on which postage I not fully prepaid are not forwarded to destination. EASTERN BTTSINESS OFFICE. The) 8. C. Bemkwlth Special Agency New Tork. room 4.S-.V) Tribune building. Chi cago, room 010-612 Tribune building. KEPT ON BALE. ( blcago Auditorium Annex: Poatofflce News Co.. 178 Dearborn street; Empire New Eland. St. Pml. Minn. N. Bt. Marie. Commer cial Station Colorado Spring. Colo. H. H. Bell. Dmntr- Hamilton Kendrlck. 906-9J? Pevwiteenth street; Pratt Book Store. 1214 Fifteenth treet: H. P. Hansen, 8. Rice. George Careun, Ksbsm City. Mo. mchcker CTrar Co.. Ninth and Walnut; Toma New Co. Minneapolis M. I. Cavanaugh. 80 South Third. Cincinnati. O. Toma New Co. Cleveland. O. James Pushaw. 30T Super ior street. Washington. T. C Ebbltt House. Four teenth and F streets; Columbia New Co. Pittsburg. Pa. Fort Pitt New Co. Philadelphia. Pa. Ryan's Theater Ticket Office; Penn New Co.; A. P. Kemble. 3735 Lancaster avenue. New Tork City Hotallng'e new tanda. 1 Park Row, 88th and Broadway. 42d and Broadway and Broadway and 20th. Tele phone 6S74. Single copies delivered; L Jones & Co., Astor House; Broadway The ater New Stand; Empire New stand. Ogden. D. V Boyle; Lowe Bros.. 114 TwenLy-flrth atreet. v Omaha. Barkalow Bros.. Union Station; Maaeath Stationery Co.; Kemp 4: Arenson. Ie Moineo, la. Moee Jacobs. Presno, CaJ. Tourist News Co. Hmcramento, Cel. Sacramento Newa Co.. 430 K. street; Amos News Co. Salt Lake. Moon Book Stationery Co.. Rosenfeld & Hansen; G. W. Jewett. P. O. corner; Stelpeck Bros. Long: Beach. Cal B. E. Amos. Pasadena. CaL Amos Newa Co. ban Diego. B. E. Amos. San Jose. Emerson. W. Houston, Tex. International News Agency. Dallas. Tex. Southwestern Newa Agent. S44 Main atreet; also two street wagons. Port Worth, Tex. Southwestern N. and A. Agency. Amarilla, Tex. Tlmmona A Pope. San i'rancieoo. Foster Orear: Ferry News Stand; Hotel St. Francis New Stand; 1.. Parent; N. Wheatley; Falrmount Hotel News Stand; Amos News Co.; United News Agency. 14 Eddy atreet; B. E. Amos, man ager three wagons; World N. S.. 2625 A. butter street. Oakland, Cal. W. H. Johnson, Fourteenth and Franklin streets; N. Wheat ley; Oakland News Stand; li. E. Amoa, manager Ave wagons; Welllngham, E. tl. (..ldlield. Net. Louie Follln. Eureka, CaJ. Call-Chronicle Agency; Eu reka Now Co. PORTLAND. TUESDAY.' MAY 5. 1008. ARMAMENT FOR SAFETY. A great, rich, yet defenseless, nation is a sorry spectacle. It lacks the first element of prudence forecast of dan ger and preparation of defense. For let sentimentalists say what they will, possible danger of war lurks always in the competition and various rivalries of nations, and the great industrial and commercial country cannot afford to be without means of defense. Num bers are nothing, without fleets and armies. Without means of defense at sea, and if need be on land, a people of one hundred millions are weak from their very numbers; and the richer they are the less powerful. We want a Navy, but only for de fense. Of moral forces, in restraint of war, much is said; but moral forces never yet prevented one nation from pushing its aggressions upon another, when interest or passion dictated the attack. Our remoteness from other powerful nations is, indeed, a defense; yet we have had wars with distant nations with England, France and Spain. To what dangers we may be exposed from new growths and changes in the Orient we know not, and cannot know, till some sudden event may surprise us. Then, if we have no naval preparation, we cannot meet an enemy; for no war fleet can be created to meet an emergency that may suddenly arise. Our positions in the islands of the Pacific may add to our dangers, but may add also' to our means of defense; since they afford naval stations and coal supply that others do not possess; and if we were not in these places, possible enemies would be. A fleet in the Pacific will be a cheap defense, for it will not be a threat of aggression and of war, but a means of prevention. A fleet in the Atlantic may not be so necessary, for European nations are well sated by their experience in war; yet we cannot afford (o run a risk In the Atlantic, and should maintain a Navy adequate for our protection on both oceans. - No considerable army Is necessary. In case of need an army could be formed in a comparatively short time upon the nucleus of an army that al ready exists; and destruction of our Navy would be necessary before the service of a great army would be re quired. Naval preparation, therefore, is the prime necessity. To refuse to provide and maintain a proper arma ment at sea would be to give prudence to the winds. If we are not to arm how are we to protect or defend? The Nation that trusts to the magnanimity of the world is sure, at some time, soon or later, to be overrun. Then it will be necessary to buy peace of our enemies with money, and with such other con cessions as they may choose to exact. Without men-of-war we could neither defend our coasts nor hold our in sular possessions; and even if we could defend the former, loss of the latter would shake profoundly our National prestige, and our position in the com mercial and maritime world. We are not ignorant' of the weight of moral forces that tend to ke'ep the peace of the world. But these moral forces must be backed and sup ported by physical forces, or they will soon cease to be; and the only way to assure the ascendency of moral forces is to put physical forces behind them. "Trust in God and keep your powder dry," never has been bettered as a maxim and never will be superseded; and when the spirit of re ligion and the genius of Christianity are invoked against prudential prep aration for defense, it should . be enough to say that religion does not consist merely in acceptance of Insult and wrong, without resistance, and that Christianity won its way and place in the world, not by submission to assailants, but by its militant ener gies. Lack of preparation for defense has subjected every rich nation that has neglected means of defense to ag gression and to plunder; and it is use less for a nation as for an individual to pile up wealth without ' taking pre cautions to guard it. The more pow erful in riches, yet without means of defense, a nation may become, the surer it will be to interest the cupid ity of an assailant. True, the money we spend In creation and maintenance of a navy would build roads and maintain colleges and make the coun try more delightful to its people, but at the same time its wealth and de lights would be more attractive to an Invader, who would .exact tribute in amounts to which the cost of a navy for defense would be but a bagatelle, and subject us to the shame and hu miliation besides; and then after a les son or two of this kind we should be driven to tWe necessity of making pro vision at last for the defense we should have provided at first. A century has not yet elapsed since invading armies were In our country, and our National capital was seized. Who shall say. the like can never happen again? It probably will not; but what can -surely prevent it, except naval and military preparation ? To be armed for defense is a very different thing from being armed . for aggression. National safety is all we want; and a prudent foresight requires us to use all the means necessary to secure it. A defenseless rich nation Is a pitiable spectacle, in this world of human wolves. We shall not create and maintain the biggest naval arma ment among the nations, but we shall, because we must, create and maintain a naval armament large enough for adequate defense in time of need. Not to do it is to invite the fate of the de fenseless, which never can be averted by..-readlng to the assailant and the spoiler the Sermon on the Mount. Our country wants no war,. nor ever will provoke any. It' has, however, assuredly the right of defense; and in order to make that right effective it must at all times have suitable readi ness and preparation. IS ANYBODY RESPONSIBLE Once again the people of Oregon are permitted, or compelled, to read the accusations and denials concerning re sponsibility for mismanagement of state school lands In years gone by. A correspondent has written The Orego nlan renewing the old charge that Governor T. T. Geer was guilty of neg ligence or worse in not raising the price of the land and in allowing it to be frittered away through the machi nations of the lieu land ring. Mr. Geer has renewed his answer that he was only one member of a board com posed of three officers, and that it is unfair to place responsibility upon him and leave the others without censure. The charge and the denial develop nothing new, but they serve to suggest a few thoughts upon the general re sponsibility of individual public offi cials, who are but parts of the great governmental organization. Without commenting in any manner upon the particular issues of the con troversy over Geer's official acts, or the acts or omissions of the board of which he was a member, one may with good reason condemn his doctrine of joint responsibility, otherwise non responsibility. It is such a doctrine. whether proclaimed by the individual citizen In his capacity as a voter or by the Chief Executive of the United States, that forms the weak spot in popular government. Civic duties and obligations are not only Joint, but sev eral, and no man can be be heard to say that he is not responsible because he is only one of many who joined in the performance of a particular act. If one may be relieved from responsi bility, others may be also until each and all have shifted the burden from their shoulders. Manifestly, every participant in an act must be held ac countable for the result. If one member of a Jury can deny responsibility for the verdict because it was found by twelve 'men, each other member may do the same and all escape the burden. If one voter who aids in the election of a rascal to office may say that he was only one of 10,000 who did the work, every other may say the same thing and the plea is as effective for all as for each. If one member of Congress or of the Legislature who voted for a bad bill may excuse himself by saying that a majority of the members did likewise, every other member who so voted may escape responsibility in the same man ner. It is the duty of every person who Joins in a collective act to choose his course as though his act would de termine the act of all. Technically speaking. President Roosevelt is not responsible for the acts or omissions of Congress. He is not a member of Congress and has no legal control over that branch of the Government except to the extent of exercising the veto power. Very rea sonably he could sit back In his easy chair at the White House, let Congress adjourn without doing anything for the good of the country, and then say "I am hot responsible I am not even a member of Congress." But this he does not do. Recognizing the "duty which rests upon him as a citizen pos sessed of extraordinary power by rea son of the position he occupies, he has repeatedly called 1 upon the Senators and Representatives , to do their duty in certain particulars, and if they fall he Will have the consciousness of hav ing done everything In Jiis power to promote the welfare' of his people. There are a few Senators and a few Congressmen who' have heen trying to persuade their associates in the major ity party to abandon the policy of In activity, but their efforts have been of little effect. They could, with less trouble to themselves, Join the ranks of, the do-nothings, and then, when Congress adjourns, deny responsibility because they were only a few in the great number of those who decided that nothing shall be done. But such Is not their view of official duty. They are trying to accomplish results, and when the record has been completed they will get credit for what they have tried to do, whether successful or not. The man who has not tried who has accepted the doctrine that no one man is responsible for the acts and omis sions of all Will also have charged up against him the record he has made. It is not true that one man on a board or in a Legislature or in Con gress has no more power than another. The man who openly and aggressively stands for what is right has the advan tage that right gives him, aiid also has the ready and hearty support of public opinion. It is this public opin ion that is making Congress yield to the arguments of the President. What we need in this country is men with hearts that beat in sympathy with the people, with minds that can discern the needs of our country, with courage to fight aggressively for the public good, even though all others stand inactive. When we vote tor United States Senator In Oregon we want each, man to mark his ballot as though his de termined the result." When the voter expresses his approval or disapproval of the, single-tax bill, the university appropriation bill, or any other meas ure now before the people, we want each to cast his ballot as though he knew that ballot would turn the elec tion. Every man who votes "wet" or votes "dry" in the coming election should do so with the feeling that there rests upon him individually full responsibility for the result. When we have this doctrine of Individual re sponsibility firmly implanted in the minds of private citizens and public officers, we shall . have better results from our elections and more faithful service from the mep elected to office. DKLINQUENT PUBLIC OFFICIALS. Section 19 of article 7 of the state constitution provides that "incompe tency, corruption, malfeasance or de linquency in office may be tried in the same manner as criminal offenses, and Judgment may be given of dismissal from office, and such further punish ment as may have been provided by law." That section contemplates that there shall be provision for the dis missal of public servants from office for offenses not criminal per se of fenses which do not Involve moral tur pitude but which are nevertheless in consistent with faithful performance of duty. That section was intended to provide an effective means of getting rid of men who have by some means acquired public office but who are either lacking in ability or are negli gent in their work. It was designed to enable the people to discharge an unsatisfactory public officer before the expiration of his term. Just as a pri vate employer may discharge an em ploye who is unable or unwilling to perform the service for which he was engaged. But there are evidently1-no statutes defining incompetency and delinquency and providing for trial upon such a charge. We have , statutes against corruption and malfeasance which are positive acts necessarily Involving guilty intent. We should also have statutes under which public officers could be tried for Incompetency or delinquency, which do not necessarily involve guilty intent, but which impair the public service just as much as though the criminal intent were pres ent. The constitution is specific in mentioning these two grounds for dis missal from office and the remedy should be available. In the last few months we have seen a State Treasurer place nearly $300, 000 of state school funds In an In solvent . bank without security. The manner in which the Treasurer and the banker worked together to secure the legislation which would permit this to be done, together with the cor-' respondence which has been made public, indicates very strongly the ex istence of a deal for the seizure of the state's money. The Treasurer has de nied that he intended anything Wrong. He has said that he believed the bank to be sound and that he did not know that he had so much money on de posit. Some of his friends may be disposed to believe Mm when he de nies guilty- Intent, but scarcely any one can acquit him of the charge of incompetency or delinquency. A Treasurer might, possibly, place in one of the weakest banks of the state twice as much money as in all the- rest of the banks combined, and do so with out knowing it, but it Is difficult to believe that such could be the case. The circumstances lend an air of im probability to the story. But if Ignor ance may be set up as a plea in behalf of honest purpose, certainly that same plea is an acknowledgment of incom petency or delinquency. NO MYSTERY ABOUT SHIPPING. The Oregonlan had occasion, a few days ago, to compliment the Astorlan (newspaper) on an improvement In its mental condition which had brought with it an admission that The Orego nlan was not opposed to a deep chan nel over . the . bar. Serious-minded people throughout the . great North west, who for more than forty years have followed the consistent, insist ent and incessant demand that The Oregonlan has made for deeper water at the river entrance can appreciate the ridiculous. nature of the Astorian's outbreaks against Portland, and. for that reason but little attention Is paid them.. But the Astorlan has made another important discovery. It in sists that the people at the mouth of the river must themselves engage In the shipping business. "Shipping," says the Astorlan, "is no insuperable, mysterious, proscribed field of commercial business; it is amenable to money, brains, experience, opportunity and a given field of activ ity; it has its experts, its trained op erators, its rules and limitations and requisites, just as other businesses haVe them." Here is another evidence of sound business Bense strictly in line with The Oregonian's oft-repeated ad vice to the Astorians to engage in the shipping business. Nothing could be more truthful than the statement that "shipping is no insuperable, mysteri ous, proscribed field of commercial business." It is open to all who care to engage in it. Portland has been somewhat slow in accepting the As toria invitation to transfer to Astoria the business Which has grown up in this port, but this in no manner pre vents Astoria from going ahead on her own account. The reasons whlph pre vent our people from abandoning .the Portland field and opening up business in Astoria have been set forth almost as frequently as have The Oregonian's demands for the deepest possible channel across the Columbia entrance. As the Astorian had either forgotten or neglected to read the hundreds of columns which The Oregonlan has printed in advocacy of deeper water on the bar, it may also be in a similar state of ignorance regarding the reason why the shipping business is handled ,at Portland. The actual cost of mov ing wheat by tramp steamer over the hundred-mile stretch of river between Portland and Astoria is from 5 to 8 cents per ton, the average being about 7 cents per ton. No, railroad", nor no other known means of transportation, can handle freight at so low a cost per ton per mile, and it is inability of the railroads to meet such rates that forces them to drop the wheat or other products at the nearest point where it can be reached by the deep-sea car. rlers. At present this point is Port land. Fifty years hence it may be the Cascades, and a century hence it is not beyond a possibility that The Dalles may -be the head of navigation for deep-sea shipping. We can demand," with a fair cer tainty of success, that the railroads re duce present rates per ton per mile on grain and other commodities seeking a tidewater market, but we cannot ask them to increase their service ' 100 miles in competition with a carrier that handles the freight for 7 cents per ton. They will continue to deliver it at the first point where the compe tition of that carrier is encountered. In a few years barges and boats may be carrying wheat down from the in terior to tidewater, and even the most economically .operated craft will be unable to meet the rate at which the ocean carrier can handle the. traffic, and then, as now, it will be delivered at the head of deep-water navigation, and at that point Portland- will con tinue to do business. May-day gales of sufficient severity to cause the partial destruction and abandonment of a steamer are some thing unusual, and an Investigation of the loss of the steam)Bchooner Minnie E. Kelton will probably disclose that other factors than the weather con tributed to the tragedy. . Lake-built craft, have never been very successful in withstanding the fearful hammer ing to which they are subjected by Pa cific seas. - Undoubtedly structural weakness, aided by the usual enormous deckload Improperly secured, was in a large degree responsible for the loss of the Kelton. The enormous piles of lumber stacked up on the decks of Pa cific Coast steam schooners stand pretty severe weather at sea, provided they are properly secured; but if there Is a weakening In bracing. or lashing, the fleck cargo adrift becomes a fear ful' menace to the safety of vessel and crew. Sale in England ofthfe flag of the unfortunate frigate Chesapeake re vives the story that Lawrence, her commander, mortally wounded, said, with his last breath, "Don't give up the ship!" It is a commonplace of history that a man's last words are often invented for him. Few "last words" are genuine". The report of the capture of the Chesapeake ana the death of Lawrence was brought to Boston. The action had taken place just off that port. "But what did Lawrence say," demanded an inquirer, "when he was summoned to surren der?" "He didn't say anything; he was dying." "Ohgyes!" exclaimed the enthusiastic citizen, "he must have sajd something; he said "Don't give up the ship! " The story passed through a Boston paper to the world, and thence intq history. Like many oth ers, it is as good as genuine, and bet ter. The Portland Women's Union yes terday reached the twentieth year of Its most useful existence1. Started, when the city was much smaller, for the benefit of young women from the country, it has proved a blessing to many a self-supporting woman and girl. Today the large boarding-house at 510 Flanders street Is entirely out of d'ebt and the concern is self-supporting. The only regret connected with the enterprise is inability, from lack of room, to receive scores of young women who have to be declined monthly. 1 Widespread attention has been attracted to it, far beyond the state, as having to a remarkable de gree solved the problem of raising such an enterprise from the level of an "Institution" to that of a genuine home. Lucky foryoung John D. Rocke feller that he didn't meet the man of Nazareth. Young John D., with sanc timonious air, was telling his Sunday school how good he is, and how the Wealth of his family has been secured strictly by honest means. "There is no sin," said he, "in accumulating wealth In an honest and legitimate manner." A certain good young man said unto Jesus that he had "kept all the commandments from his youth up." But "Jesus said unto him, if thou wilt be perfect, go sell all thou hast and give to the poor." Then the young man went away sorrowful, for he had great possessions. Pity there wasn't somebody to call for the New Testament and read the parable to young John D. "A Reader" asks: 'Isn't The Orego nlan going to do anything in this po litical campaign?" It Certainly is. The one principle now is Statement No. 1. The people of Oregon have pronounced for it. The Oregonlan is loyal to Statement No. 1, and to the people of Oregon. That's all there is before the people of Oregon now. True, there may be some difference of opinion as to how the great principle may best be enforced. But we must all respect each other's ' opinions in such a matter. Congressman Humphrey's bill pro viding that appeals from Alaska courts can be heard at Portland or Seattle, as well as at San Francisco, is reported to stand an excellent show to pass the Senate. There Will, of course, be much opposition to the measure, but, as it is a matter on which Sena tor Perkins can hardy use the pull of Secretary Metcalf, the northern ports will probably win out. R. D. Hume now comes out for State Senator In Coos and Curry on Statement No. 1. Three days ago Mr. Hume was dead against Statement No. 1. Mr. Hume has been convinced through the Invincible progress of a great principle. Besides, he wants the Job. The police ought to know who slew Nathan Wolff, of course, but why don't some one of that vast army who know exactly how it was done go out and bring in the murderer? The men who want' an end to the Roosevelt policies are against Taft; and now they are trying to beat Taft by a stampede for Roosevelt. Sup pose they succeed? "They say" that when Mr. Bryan becomes President Admiral Schley will be Secretary of the Navy. It wouldn't be bad, but will Mr. Bryan become President? The Texas Democracy, has again "vindicated" Senator Bailey. Bailey appears to need an average of about one vindication a year. IS BE FAITHFl'l, TO HIS WORDf Third Term Clamor Implies That Rome- ' velt-Ia Not. . Chicago Inter-Ocean. Washington again has the nightmare and dreams of a "stampede to Roose velt" in the Republican Nattonal conven tion next June. ' ' The Inter-Ocean is not a Roosevelt organ. Nevertheless it does Mr. Roose velt a Justice denied him by some of his most ardent worshipers. It . believes him a sincere man of his word, and takes at its face value his solemn pledge of November 8, 190 On the 4th of March next I shall have served three and a- half years, and thlathree and a lialf years constitutes my first term. The wise custom which limits the President to two terms regards the substance and not the form. Under no circumstances will I be a candidate for or accept another nomination. Not only Is the' meaning of this per fectly plain, but it anticipates all the foolish quibbles about "a second elect ive term," etc. Not only did the Presi dent gives his pledge with every evidence of its being a conclusion reached after long and grave reflection, but he has since frequently repeated and reiterated K, and even made occasions for so doing. Why, then, do such persons as Senator Bourne, of Oregon, continually clamor that Mr. Roosevelt must, shall and will be nominated again? Because they feel that this incessant incense burning pop ularizes them in their own communi ties. To talk for this thing, which, they feel sure, cannot possibly come to pass, wins for them, they think, the popular no toriety they love. , That Is all. Were the stone wall of Mr. Roosevelt's solemn pledge, and of his known fidel ity to his word, to be suddenly removed, we should see ail these persons, with the exception of a few Incorrigible rat tle brains, shrink back in terror. The violation of one of the strongest traditions of the National Government the cynical rep-jdiation of a solemn pledge-the plain treachery to Mr. Taft all of these would cause the Nation to recoil m fear and disgust. There will be no "stampede" in the Republican National convention lor Mr. Roosevelt. There win bp no "third term" put upon the country. Mr. Roose velt has settled both questions lrrevoe ably In advance, as they should be set tied. WIT 1ST I'WTED STATES SENATE. Passing an Appropriation for Cows and Autontobles for the Navy. The other day the Senate of the United States had under consideration the naval appropriation bill,, and the following debate took place, according to the Congressional Record: Mr. Heyburn Mr. President, my at tention was attracted by these items, one of which the Senator from Georgia (Mr. Bacon) suggested. Automobiles end cows for the Navy of the United elates: wen, a more Inappropriate provision for the Navy of the United tatates than either of those items I can hardly imagine. Mr. Hale The Senator understands that the naval hospital whose inmates are provided for by the Government, have STot to eat and rirlnlc anrl hav. milk and everything else except beer" ana liquors is on shore. We rarely put one of these hospitals afloat at sea, unless It makes a part of the military establishment. They are In the Navy, but of course they are on land and subject to the necessities and the appe tites that are common to mankind on shore. Mr. - Heyburn I am not well Informed in regard to the location Of naval hos- pitals, but those with which I am ac quainted are conveniently located to water. However, it is the beginning of a new departure to provide the Navy witn automobiles. Mr. Hale It is undoubtedly; it is the beginning of a new departure to pro vide anybody with automobiles. Mr. Bacon I would suggest- to the Senator from Idaho that possibly he may be relieved of his difficulty by of fering an amendment putting in before the word "cows the word "sea. (Laughter.) Then it will surely be cov ered. Mr. Heyburn Then, Mr. President, it has also occurred to me that in con nection with the word "automobiles." I might offer an amendment to make it read "water automobiles," Inasmuch as I have recently seen in the Scientific American a picture of water automo biles. (Laughter.) Mr. Hale I also suggest where the word "horse" occurs the addition of the word "marines," so that it will read "horse marines." (Laughter.) Mr. Heyburn I did not desire to of fer an amendment. I desired simply that attention might be called to the fact that we were providing for the care of cows in the Navy for dairies, I presume, on shipboard. Mr. Perkins My friend from Idaho (Mr. Heyburn) has referred to the cows and so forth in the Navy, want to say, in behalf of your commit tee, Mr. President, that there are many other things we might have Included In this bill. For instance, there are the dog watches. (Laughter.) It Is a won der we have not provided for the dogs for certainly we have two dog watches every day on every ship of the Navy. Mr. Heyburn I take It for granted that It is not within the contemplation of this appropriation to provide for sea dogs. (Laughter.) Mr. Bacon Mr. President, I want to say that the Senator from Louisiana desires me to ask the Senator from Cal ifornia, who is familiar with nautical matters, whether we have done away with the "cat 0' nine tails." (Laughter.) Mr, Perkins AVe have dispensed with the "nine tails" now and are putting the "cat" on short rations. (Laugh ter.) We also have not provided in this bill for the "hatchway," a matter with which the Senator is probably familiar, as he has traveled across the ocean. .A Reminder of "Auld Lang Syne." Eugene Register. Yesterday a man with his son and daughter, both nearly grown, drove In to town with a team of large oxen. They were seven years old and instead of the old-time yoke they wore collars with rope tugs attached to a pair of tiamei. They were shod and moved along with the shuffling gait so famil iar to the old pioneers that crossed the plains, and there were many of the old timers to watch them as they passed through the streets. The boy stated they started from Vancouver, Wash ington, a week ago Sunday and they have made fairly good time. They are looking for work, and will go as far south as California or until they find it, A Credit to Taeoma. ,The Tacoma New Herald's annual for 1908 is a remarkable number and certainly is at the head of the "booster" publications of ' the year. Yet there is little of a boosting nature in its half-tones of buildings and the many scenic beauties of the city, or in its perfect letter-press. It shows the wonderful progress of the erstwhile City of Destiny and it bears the im print of truth. Mining, fruitgrowing and other Industries of the state out side of the city are likewise exploit ed. It is a good number and, rightly placed, will be of benefit to Tacoma. Beard Grows on One Side of Face. Kansas City -Dispatch. A heavy beard grows on the right side of the face of G. L. Collier, of Columbia, Mo., but the left side Is entirely smooth. Scientists are puzzled. Initiative and Referendum Measures For the information of voter there will be published on this page from day to day brief summaries of the initiative and refer endum measures to be aubmltted to the neoDle at the June election, together with a short statement of the argument for and against each. NUMBER 8. The University appropriation bill, pro viding a continuing appropriation of $125,- 000 annually for the University of Oregon, is one or the measures upon which the people ' must vote at the June election. The bill was passed by the last Legis lature, vetoed by the Governor, passed over the Governor's veto and then held up by a referendum petition filed by Eu gene Palmer and C. H. Walker, of Linn County. The money appropriated Is avail able for any purpose of the University, maintenance, erection of buildings, pur chase of equipment or purchase of land. Any sum not expended In one year re mains available in any other year. The annual appropriation heretofore has been $47,500, to which special appropriations were 'added in 1905-, making the total $7B,750 a year. Thus It is seen that the bill now before the people proposes an in crease of H6.250 a year. A committee of the University alumni has filed an argument in behalf of the bill, asserting that Oregon provides less money for Its University than any other stare, that the cost of maintenance per student ' Is less In Oregon than in any other state except Iowa, that professors at the University are underpaid; that the equipment is Insufficient; that steadily and rapidly increasing attendance de mands new buildings ; that new dormitories for women are needed; that young men and women of Oregon spend $100,000 a year going to college elsewhere when this state should provide an institution suited to their needs; that many of those who go out of the state to get their education remain away permanently; that a poorly maintained University tends to discourage Immigration; that the educational system cannot be maintained at a high standard -unless the University be properly sup ported; and that the proposed appropria tion will -mean a tax of only 25 cents per year for each $1000 worth of prop erty in the state. An itemized . statement of the needs of the University shows th following-: Maintenance. $S0,O00; recita tion buildings, $50,000; women's dormitory, $40,000; additional land, $15,000 to $25,000; laboratory equipment, $15,000; books for 11 brary, $10,000; heating plant and furniture, $15,000. Against the appropriation bill Eugene Palmer and Cyrus H. Walker have filed an argument in which they assert that new settlers will be encouraged to come to Oregon when they learn that the ap propriation has been defeated because ex cessive; that the University will not sut fer by defeat of the appropriation, for it will still have funds available to the amount of $60,000 a year; that the Uni versity and the Agrucultural College are duplicating work; that before an In creased appropriation should be granted this duplication should be avoided; that It is much better to provide additional funds for the common schools than for the University; that a portion of the funds for the University should be raised by means of tuition fees; that the school influence dominates the Legislature and that If this bill should be approved by the people the University will use that fact as a club in demanding further appropria tions from future Legislatures. BUTISG OF FOREST RESERVES Widespread Interest In a Measure Now Pending; Before Coasrress. Boston Commercial Bulletin. It is not often that a bill before Con gress attracts so much attention from so many people as that relating to the pres ervation of forests on the Southern Ap palachians and White Mountains. The manufacturers, merchants and farmers of the states directly Interested are as a unit In Its favor and hosts of intelligent observers at a distance, anxious for the welfare of the industries of the country as a whole, are eager for Its passage. The action, therefore, of the chairman of the House Judiciary committee in cast ing doubt upon the constitutionality of the bill is the cause of a widespread dis appointment. There is comfort to be do rived from the fact that Judge Jenkins' view of the law may not be final and that his report, when submitted to the House and there weighed in the balance, may be found wanting. To some shrewd observ ers it looks as if his wishes in the mat ter had. unconsciously, of course, influ enced his opinion and that It will not be difficult to prove that his interpretation of the word "Invasion" is strained. The average layman certainly finds It difficult to understand how the United States can be said to Invade the property of states by simply accepting from them the right to enter upon land for a specific purpose that will inure to the benefit of all con cerned. It is greatly to be hoped that the New England members will continue to exert the utmost energy In season and out of season to Impress upon their fellow-legislator the Importance attached by every one In this section of the country to the measure and how great will be the chagrin should it fall to pass. ' She Wants to Chanae Her Name. Philadelphia Inquirer. Bronlslawa Machszewsychowlyskls es tablished a record at the City Hall when she . applied for a marriage license. She failed to get a permit to wed, however, as she is a minor and her father was not present to give his consent. Miss Machszewsychowlyskls was accompanied to the 'marriage license bureau by her fiance, Michael Soznow. The girl is 19 years old and Soznow is 26. Clerk Smith went to the trouble of writing out the long name of the bride on the application blank before he discovered that she was a minor. This was no easy Job, he says, for the letters came from all directions. Miss Machszewsychowlyskls stated that her father had no objection to her chang ing her name. A Roosevelt Who Palnta Pictures. New. York Herald. Besides a President the Roosevelts have an artist in the clan. He Is S. Montgom ery Roosevelt, who although a business man, and for this reason a dilettante in art, nevertheless accomplishes consider able portraiture in the course of a season. Last Spring the art section of the Herald reproduced his portrait of Mrs. J. West Roosevelt. Lately he has completed a portrait of Mrs. R. B. Roosevelt, a grace ful and agreeable canvas. Mr. Roosevelt spends part of the Sum mer abroad, where he paints and studies. The remainder of the Summer he is eith er at his country place, in Skaneateles, or In Newport Scare Over a Lost Child. Baltimore News. After a hunt of five hours, during which a general alarm was sent out to the police of Camden, N. J., a &-year-old baby was found asleep under a chair in the house of a friend some distance from the residence of the runaway's parents. Plea Sirsrm Kills Wild Darks. Indianapolis News. Hundreds of wild ducks are dying on the marshes near Lake Erie, death be ing due. examination has showed, to a small insect resembling a flea. ffliC HOUSEHOLD BY LILIAN - TING I.E. DON'T know what brand of "Second Reader" you were brought up on and whether you still remember any of the pieces" In It; but I have an affec tionate recollection of a certain poem, in my Second Reader, which began approxi mately like this: Hail! gentle etranger- of the grove, Sveet harbinger of Spring; Now heaven repair thy rural seat And woods thy welcome sing. It was pleasant to recite (with an ac cent on "or and '-ger") even though one hadn't a very clear Idea of what a "harbinger" might be, or how "harbing ing" might be accomplished. I always thought it had something to do with car pet beating; but my seatmate said it was a man who ran on roads with a stick. She said she had seen a picture of such an individual, labelled, "The Harbinger of the Great King" or some such such title. I retained my own opinion, how ever, for she couldn't prove that the stick might not be Intended for beating carpets, anyway; and besides didn't people always beat carpets In Spring? It was a little puzzling to be Informed by the teacher that it really meant the cuckoo, and that the bird was given that strange name be cause it let you know that Spring was coming. We had to pretend to be satisfied with this explanation, although it was difficult to see Just why a cuckoo, or any other "olrd, should require a "rural seat" (presumably of rough, knotty wood, var nished, like the "rustic" one In our garden) and trouble Heaven with the keeping of it In repair. My impression was that birds didn't care where they perched, and that they would have diffi culty in "taking a seat" in the ordinary sense of the expression. On the other hand our carpet-beating man found the garden-seat remarkably convenient and useful. But poems are queer anyway and the teacher insisted that It was abput the cuckoo; and she could keep you li after school if you didn't agree with her, so finally we let it go at that. I understand that the cuckoo does not frequent tho Willamette Valley, but its functions as . "harbinger of Spring" seem to have been assumed by the common or garden lawn mower. I also understand that while the cuckoo has never been tamed, and Is, indeed, highly undomestic in its habits of life, the lawn-mower Is seldom or never found in the wild state and may be ranked as on of the most useful if not the most agreeable of domestic pets. At present the cheerful note of the lawn-mower may be heard In any of Port land's'suburbs, or, Indeed, quite "olose. In, walking distance" as the "for rent" advertisements put it. Morning and evening, just before dusk, are the best times for studying the creature's habits; for at such times it goes out to seek Its prey and its purring, rolling, clicking note, continuous not staccato like that of the cuckoo, rises high and clear on every hand. e There is one particular variety of lawn mower which sings its best and loudest in the earliest hours of Sunday morning. Unreasonable neighbors (especially those who do not possess lawn-mowers of their own) who have a strange desire for late and uninterrupted slumber on Sunday morning, are often Inclined to blame the owner who permits this. Indeed, I know cases where hard words and harder objects (such as shoes and sticks of wood) have been showered on the owner of a particularly strong voiced mower. It should be remembered, however, that the man may not be entirely to blame; some lawn-mowers are very powerful and selfwllled, and often drag a man to and fro over the grass whether he wants to go or not. Moreover, a lawn-mowef cannot be silenced, like a canary, by throwing a cloth over Its cage; although I understand that much can be done by kindness, the application of the proper kind of oil, and care in adjustment. The plumage of the lawn-mower is often very brilliant and varied nowadays, much more attention being paid to It by fanciers than was formerly the case, when the plain red and green heavily hooded varieties were most generally seen. In the windows of a leading dealer I recently observed mowers in the following colors: Blue and silver; green and gold; black and gold; green, red and blue; green, red and gold; blue, black and tan; black and silver (suitable for half mourn ing for an uncle who has left you prop erty); red. white and blue; white and silver (honeymoon special); brown andi black (for dyspeptics presumably); green blue and silver with touches of red. It is easily seen, therefore, that .no serious difficulty should be experienced by a man who desires to have a lawn mower to match his hosiery or . ties, or even his wife's best hat. Tho truly fastidious Owner is careful to select a mower that will not clash In color with his complexion even in , a heated state (this means heated state of owner not mower) while the ambition of the ultra tashlonable woman should be to have a mower to match every costume In choosing a mower, however, most men, I am told, pay little attention to the exact shade of its coat. Price and "ball-bearings" are, strange to say, the first things usually mentioned. The range of voice is seldom tested, except occasionally, by a man who ex .pVesses a desire to "get even" with a neighbor who possesses a very full throated variety. But a dealer who has sold thousands of mowers assures me that evtry man who purchases one always 'demands that it be particularly "easy to run" because "my wife will want to use it." This touching consideration on the husband's part seems to be met by equally touching selfsacrifiee on the part of the wife; for no matter how much she "wants to use it," you will generally see her allowing her husband to do so. Secrecy the Great Evil In Government. President Eliot, of Harvard, to Cincin nati, O., City Club. The great evil in American Govern mental affairs, from Washington down through all the states and all tho cities and towns, is secrecy. Secrecy charac terizes the determining action in almost all our governments. The real determina tion is made in secret sessions of com mittees. There may have been a hear ing before the committee, but that was not the determining moment. The de termination takes place secretly. . . . The citizens of Boston have only recent ly found out and had illustrated to them that the great evil in the American gov ernments of today, from top to botfom. Is this dangerous, abominable secrecy. . . . . The new city chaHers, both in Texas and Iowa, and the new provisions for school boards in many cities, all take pains to provide genuine publicity.
