-rrrv. JIORICISU OK EGOXTAX. - TUESDAY, MAY o, 1908.
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PORTLAND. TUESDAY.' MAY 5. 1008.
ARMAMENT FOR SAFETY.
A great, rich, yet defenseless, nation
is a sorry spectacle. It lacks the first
element of prudence forecast of dan
ger and preparation of defense. For
let sentimentalists say what they will,
possible danger of war lurks always in
the competition and various rivalries
of nations, and the great industrial
and commercial country cannot afford
to be without means of defense. Num
bers are nothing, without fleets and
armies. Without means of defense at
sea, and if need be on land, a people
of one hundred millions are weak
from their very numbers; and the
richer they are the less powerful.
We want a Navy, but only for de
fense. Of moral forces, in restraint
of war, much is said; but moral forces
never yet prevented one nation from
pushing its aggressions upon another,
when interest or passion dictated the
attack. Our remoteness from other
powerful nations is, indeed, a defense;
yet we have had wars with distant
nations with England, France and
Spain. To what dangers we may be
exposed from new growths and
changes in the Orient we know not,
and cannot know, till some sudden
event may surprise us. Then, if we
have no naval preparation, we cannot
meet an enemy; for no war fleet can
be created to meet an emergency that
may suddenly arise. Our positions in
the islands of the Pacific may add to
our dangers, but may add also' to our
means of defense; since they afford
naval stations and coal supply that
others do not possess; and if we were
not in these places, possible enemies
would be. A fleet in the Pacific will
be a cheap defense, for it will not be a
threat of aggression and of war, but
a means of prevention. A fleet in the
Atlantic may not be so necessary, for
European nations are well sated by
their experience in war; yet we cannot
afford (o run a risk In the Atlantic,
and should maintain a Navy adequate
for our protection on both oceans. -
No considerable army Is necessary.
In case of need an army could be
formed in a comparatively short time
upon the nucleus of an army that al
ready exists; and destruction of our
Navy would be necessary before the
service of a great army would be re
quired. Naval preparation, therefore,
is the prime necessity. To refuse to
provide and maintain a proper arma
ment at sea would be to give prudence
to the winds.
If we are not to arm how are we
to protect or defend? The Nation that
trusts to the magnanimity of the
world is sure, at some time, soon or
later, to be overrun. Then it will be
necessary to buy peace of our enemies
with money, and with such other con
cessions as they may choose to exact.
Without men-of-war we could neither
defend our coasts nor hold our in
sular possessions; and even if we could
defend the former, loss of the latter
would shake profoundly our National
prestige, and our position in the com
mercial and maritime world.
We are not ignorant' of the weight
of moral forces that tend to ke'ep the
peace of the world. But these moral
forces must be backed and sup
ported by physical forces, or they
will soon cease to be; and the
only way to assure the ascendency of
moral forces is to put physical forces
behind them. "Trust in God and
keep your powder dry," never has been
bettered as a maxim and never will be
superseded; and when the spirit of re
ligion and the genius of Christianity
are invoked against prudential prep
aration for defense, it should . be
enough to say that religion does not
consist merely in acceptance of Insult
and wrong, without resistance, and
that Christianity won its way and
place in the world, not by submission
to assailants, but by its militant ener
gies. Lack of preparation for defense
has subjected every rich nation that
has neglected means of defense to ag
gression and to plunder; and it is use
less for a nation as for an individual to
pile up wealth without ' taking pre
cautions to guard it. The more pow
erful in riches, yet without means of
defense, a nation may become, the
surer it will be to interest the cupid
ity of an assailant. True, the money
we spend In creation and maintenance
of a navy would build roads and
maintain colleges and make the coun
try more delightful to its people, but
at the same time its wealth and de
lights would be more attractive to an
Invader, who would .exact tribute in
amounts to which the cost of a navy
for defense would be but a bagatelle,
and subject us to the shame and hu
miliation besides; and then after a les
son or two of this kind we should be
driven to tWe necessity of making pro
vision at last for the defense we should
have provided at first. A century has
not yet elapsed since invading armies
were In our country, and our National
capital was seized. Who shall say. the
like can never happen again? It
probably will not; but what can -surely
prevent it, except naval and military
preparation ?
To be armed for defense is a very
different thing from being armed . for
aggression. National safety is all we
want; and a prudent foresight requires
us to use all the means necessary to
secure it. A defenseless rich nation Is
a pitiable spectacle, in this world of
human wolves. We shall not create
and maintain the biggest naval arma
ment among the nations, but we shall,
because we must, create and maintain
a naval armament large enough for
adequate defense in time of need. Not
to do it is to invite the fate of the de
fenseless, which never can be averted
by..-readlng to the assailant and the
spoiler the Sermon on the Mount.
Our country wants no war,. nor ever
will provoke any. It' has, however,
assuredly the right of defense; and in
order to make that right effective it
must at all times have suitable readi
ness and preparation.
IS ANYBODY RESPONSIBLE
Once again the people of Oregon are
permitted, or compelled, to read the
accusations and denials concerning re
sponsibility for mismanagement of
state school lands In years gone by. A
correspondent has written The Orego
nlan renewing the old charge that
Governor T. T. Geer was guilty of neg
ligence or worse in not raising the
price of the land and in allowing it to
be frittered away through the machi
nations of the lieu land ring. Mr.
Geer has renewed his answer that he
was only one member of a board com
posed of three officers, and that it is
unfair to place responsibility upon him
and leave the others without censure.
The charge and the denial develop
nothing new, but they serve to suggest
a few thoughts upon the general re
sponsibility of individual public offi
cials, who are but parts of the great
governmental organization.
Without commenting in any manner
upon the particular issues of the con
troversy over Geer's official acts, or
the acts or omissions of the board of
which he was a member, one may
with good reason condemn his doctrine
of joint responsibility, otherwise non
responsibility. It is such a doctrine.
whether proclaimed by the individual
citizen In his capacity as a voter or by
the Chief Executive of the United
States, that forms the weak spot in
popular government. Civic duties and
obligations are not only Joint, but sev
eral, and no man can be be heard to
say that he is not responsible because
he is only one of many who joined in
the performance of a particular act.
If one may be relieved from responsi
bility, others may be also until each
and all have shifted the burden from
their shoulders. Manifestly, every
participant in an act must be held ac
countable for the result.
If one member of a Jury can deny
responsibility for the verdict because
it was found by twelve 'men, each
other member may do the same and
all escape the burden. If one voter
who aids in the election of a rascal to
office may say that he was only one of
10,000 who did the work, every other
may say the same thing and the plea
is as effective for all as for each. If
one member of Congress or of the
Legislature who voted for a bad bill
may excuse himself by saying that a
majority of the members did likewise,
every other member who so voted may
escape responsibility in the same man
ner. It is the duty of every person
who Joins in a collective act to choose
his course as though his act would de
termine the act of all.
Technically speaking. President
Roosevelt is not responsible for the
acts or omissions of Congress. He is
not a member of Congress and has no
legal control over that branch of the
Government except to the extent of
exercising the veto power. Very rea
sonably he could sit back In his easy
chair at the White House, let Congress
adjourn without doing anything for
the good of the country, and then say
"I am hot responsible I am not even
a member of Congress." But this he
does not do. Recognizing the "duty
which rests upon him as a citizen pos
sessed of extraordinary power by rea
son of the position he occupies, he has
repeatedly called 1 upon the Senators
and Representatives , to do their duty
in certain particulars, and if they fall
he Will have the consciousness of hav
ing done everything In Jiis power to
promote the welfare' of his people.
There are a few Senators and a few
Congressmen who' have heen trying to
persuade their associates in the major
ity party to abandon the policy of In
activity, but their efforts have been
of little effect. They could, with less
trouble to themselves, Join the ranks
of, the do-nothings, and then, when
Congress adjourns, deny responsibility
because they were only a few in the
great number of those who decided
that nothing shall be done. But such
Is not their view of official duty. They
are trying to accomplish results, and
when the record has been completed
they will get credit for what they have
tried to do, whether successful or not.
The man who has not tried who has
accepted the doctrine that no one man
is responsible for the acts and omis
sions of all Will also have charged up
against him the record he has made.
It is not true that one man on a
board or in a Legislature or in Con
gress has no more power than another.
The man who openly and aggressively
stands for what is right has the advan
tage that right gives him, aiid also
has the ready and hearty support of
public opinion. It is this public opin
ion that is making Congress yield to
the arguments of the President. What
we need in this country is men with
hearts that beat in sympathy with the
people, with minds that can discern
the needs of our country, with courage
to fight aggressively for the public
good, even though all others stand
inactive.
When we vote tor United States
Senator In Oregon we want each, man
to mark his ballot as though his de
termined the result." When the voter
expresses his approval or disapproval
of the, single-tax bill, the university
appropriation bill, or any other meas
ure now before the people, we want
each to cast his ballot as though he
knew that ballot would turn the elec
tion. Every man who votes "wet" or
votes "dry" in the coming election
should do so with the feeling that
there rests upon him individually full
responsibility for the result. When
we have this doctrine of Individual re
sponsibility firmly implanted in the
minds of private citizens and public
officers, we shall . have better results
from our elections and more faithful
service from the mep elected to office.
DKLINQUENT PUBLIC OFFICIALS.
Section 19 of article 7 of the state
constitution provides that "incompe
tency, corruption, malfeasance or de
linquency in office may be tried in the
same manner as criminal offenses, and
Judgment may be given of dismissal
from office, and such further punish
ment as may have been provided by
law." That section contemplates that
there shall be provision for the dis
missal of public servants from office
for offenses not criminal per se of
fenses which do not Involve moral tur
pitude but which are nevertheless in
consistent with faithful performance
of duty. That section was intended to
provide an effective means of getting
rid of men who have by some means
acquired public office but who are
either lacking in ability or are negli
gent in their work. It was designed
to enable the people to discharge an
unsatisfactory public officer before the
expiration of his term. Just as a pri
vate employer may discharge an em
ploye who is unable or unwilling to
perform the service for which he was
engaged.
But there are evidently1-no statutes
defining incompetency and delinquency
and providing for trial upon such a
charge. We have , statutes against
corruption and malfeasance which are
positive acts necessarily Involving
guilty intent. We should also have
statutes under which public officers
could be tried for Incompetency or
delinquency, which do not necessarily
involve guilty intent, but which impair
the public service just as much as
though the criminal intent were pres
ent. The constitution is specific in
mentioning these two grounds for dis
missal from office and the remedy
should be available.
In the last few months we have seen
a State Treasurer place nearly $300,
000 of state school funds In an In
solvent . bank without security. The
manner in which the Treasurer and
the banker worked together to secure
the legislation which would permit
this to be done, together with the cor-'
respondence which has been made
public, indicates very strongly the ex
istence of a deal for the seizure of the
state's money. The Treasurer has de
nied that he intended anything Wrong.
He has said that he believed the bank
to be sound and that he did not know
that he had so much money on de
posit. Some of his friends may be
disposed to believe Mm when he de
nies guilty- Intent, but scarcely any
one can acquit him of the charge of
incompetency or delinquency. A
Treasurer might, possibly, place in one
of the weakest banks of the state twice
as much money as in all the- rest of
the banks combined, and do so with
out knowing it, but it Is difficult to
believe that such could be the case.
The circumstances lend an air of im
probability to the story. But if Ignor
ance may be set up as a plea in behalf
of honest purpose, certainly that same
plea is an acknowledgment of incom
petency or delinquency.
NO MYSTERY ABOUT SHIPPING.
The Oregonlan had occasion, a few
days ago, to compliment the Astorlan
(newspaper) on an improvement In its
mental condition which had brought
with it an admission that The Orego
nlan was not opposed to a deep chan
nel over . the . bar. Serious-minded
people throughout the . great North
west, who for more than forty years
have followed the consistent, insist
ent and incessant demand that The
Oregonlan has made for deeper water
at the river entrance can appreciate
the ridiculous. nature of the Astorian's
outbreaks against Portland, and. for
that reason but little attention Is paid
them.. But the Astorlan has made
another important discovery. It in
sists that the people at the mouth of
the river must themselves engage In
the shipping business.
"Shipping," says the Astorlan, "is no
insuperable, mysterious, proscribed
field of commercial business; it is
amenable to money, brains, experience,
opportunity and a given field of activ
ity; it has its experts, its trained op
erators, its rules and limitations and
requisites, just as other businesses
haVe them." Here is another evidence
of sound business Bense strictly in line
with The Oregonian's oft-repeated ad
vice to the Astorians to engage in the
shipping business. Nothing could be
more truthful than the statement that
"shipping is no insuperable, mysteri
ous, proscribed field of commercial
business." It is open to all who care
to engage in it. Portland has been
somewhat slow in accepting the As
toria invitation to transfer to Astoria
the business Which has grown up in
this port, but this in no manner pre
vents Astoria from going ahead on her
own account. The reasons whlph pre
vent our people from abandoning .the
Portland field and opening up business
in Astoria have been set forth almost
as frequently as have The Oregonian's
demands for the deepest possible
channel across the Columbia entrance.
As the Astorian had either forgotten
or neglected to read the hundreds of
columns which The Oregonlan has
printed in advocacy of deeper water
on the bar, it may also be in a similar
state of ignorance regarding the reason
why the shipping business is handled
,at Portland. The actual cost of mov
ing wheat by tramp steamer over the
hundred-mile stretch of river between
Portland and Astoria is from 5 to 8
cents per ton, the average being about
7 cents per ton. No, railroad", nor no
other known means of transportation,
can handle freight at so low a cost per
ton per mile, and it is inability of the
railroads to meet such rates that
forces them to drop the wheat or other
products at the nearest point where it
can be reached by the deep-sea car.
rlers. At present this point is Port
land. Fifty years hence it may be the
Cascades, and a century hence it is not
beyond a possibility that The Dalles
may -be the head of navigation for
deep-sea shipping.
We can demand," with a fair cer
tainty of success, that the railroads re
duce present rates per ton per mile on
grain and other commodities seeking a
tidewater market, but we cannot ask
them to increase their service ' 100
miles in competition with a carrier
that handles the freight for 7 cents
per ton. They will continue to deliver
it at the first point where the compe
tition of that carrier is encountered.
In a few years barges and boats may
be carrying wheat down from the in
terior to tidewater, and even the most
economically .operated craft will be
unable to meet the rate at which the
ocean carrier can handle the. traffic,
and then, as now, it will be delivered
at the head of deep-water navigation,
and at that point Portland- will con
tinue to do business.
May-day gales of sufficient severity
to cause the partial destruction and
abandonment of a steamer are some
thing unusual, and an Investigation of
the loss of the steam)Bchooner Minnie
E. Kelton will probably disclose that
other factors than the weather con
tributed to the tragedy. . Lake-built
craft, have never been very successful
in withstanding the fearful hammer
ing to which they are subjected by Pa
cific seas. - Undoubtedly structural
weakness, aided by the usual enormous
deckload Improperly secured, was in a
large degree responsible for the loss
of the Kelton. The enormous piles of
lumber stacked up on the decks of Pa
cific Coast steam schooners stand
pretty severe weather at sea, provided
they are properly secured; but if there
Is a weakening In bracing. or lashing,
the fleck cargo adrift becomes a fear
ful' menace to the safety of vessel and
crew.
Sale in England ofthfe flag of the
unfortunate frigate Chesapeake re
vives the story that Lawrence, her
commander, mortally wounded, said,
with his last breath, "Don't give up
the ship!" It is a commonplace of
history that a man's last words are
often invented for him. Few "last
words" are genuine". The report of
the capture of the Chesapeake ana the
death of Lawrence was brought to
Boston. The action had taken place
just off that port. "But what did
Lawrence say," demanded an inquirer,
"when he was summoned to surren
der?" "He didn't say anything; he
was dying." "Ohgyes!" exclaimed the
enthusiastic citizen, "he must have
sajd something; he said "Don't give up
the ship! " The story passed through
a Boston paper to the world, and
thence intq history. Like many oth
ers, it is as good as genuine, and bet
ter. The Portland Women's Union yes
terday reached the twentieth year of
Its most useful existence1. Started,
when the city was much smaller, for
the benefit of young women from the
country, it has proved a blessing to
many a self-supporting woman and
girl. Today the large boarding-house
at 510 Flanders street Is entirely out
of d'ebt and the concern is self-supporting.
The only regret connected
with the enterprise is inability, from
lack of room, to receive scores of
young women who have to be declined
monthly. 1 Widespread attention has
been attracted to it, far beyond the
state, as having to a remarkable de
gree solved the problem of raising
such an enterprise from the level of an
"Institution" to that of a genuine
home.
Lucky foryoung John D. Rocke
feller that he didn't meet the man of
Nazareth. Young John D., with sanc
timonious air, was telling his Sunday
school how good he is, and how the
Wealth of his family has been secured
strictly by honest means. "There is
no sin," said he, "in accumulating
wealth In an honest and legitimate
manner." A certain good young man
said unto Jesus that he had "kept all
the commandments from his youth
up." But "Jesus said unto him, if
thou wilt be perfect, go sell all thou
hast and give to the poor." Then the
young man went away sorrowful, for
he had great possessions. Pity there
wasn't somebody to call for the New
Testament and read the parable to
young John D.
"A Reader" asks: 'Isn't The Orego
nlan going to do anything in this po
litical campaign?" It Certainly is.
The one principle now is Statement
No. 1. The people of Oregon have
pronounced for it. The Oregonlan is
loyal to Statement No. 1, and to the
people of Oregon. That's all there is
before the people of Oregon now.
True, there may be some difference of
opinion as to how the great principle
may best be enforced. But we must
all respect each other's ' opinions in
such a matter.
Congressman Humphrey's bill pro
viding that appeals from Alaska
courts can be heard at Portland or
Seattle, as well as at San Francisco, is
reported to stand an excellent show to
pass the Senate. There Will, of course,
be much opposition to the measure,
but, as it is a matter on which Sena
tor Perkins can hardy use the pull of
Secretary Metcalf, the northern ports
will probably win out.
R. D. Hume now comes out for
State Senator In Coos and Curry on
Statement No. 1. Three days ago Mr.
Hume was dead against Statement No.
1. Mr. Hume has been convinced
through the Invincible progress of a
great principle. Besides, he wants the
Job.
The police ought to know who slew
Nathan Wolff, of course, but why don't
some one of that vast army who know
exactly how it was done go out and
bring in the murderer?
The men who want' an end to the
Roosevelt policies are against Taft;
and now they are trying to beat Taft
by a stampede for Roosevelt. Sup
pose they succeed?
"They say" that when Mr. Bryan
becomes President Admiral Schley will
be Secretary of the Navy. It wouldn't
be bad, but will Mr. Bryan become
President?
The Texas Democracy, has again
"vindicated" Senator Bailey. Bailey
appears to need an average of about
one vindication a year.
IS BE FAITHFl'l, TO HIS WORDf
Third Term Clamor Implies That Rome-
' velt-Ia Not.
. Chicago Inter-Ocean.
Washington again has the nightmare
and dreams of a "stampede to Roose
velt" in the Republican Nattonal conven
tion next June. ' '
The Inter-Ocean is not a Roosevelt
organ. Nevertheless it does Mr. Roose
velt a Justice denied him by some of his
most ardent worshipers. It . believes
him a sincere man of his word, and takes
at its face value his solemn pledge of
November 8, 190
On the 4th of March next I shall have
served three and a- half years, and thlathree
and a lialf years constitutes my first term.
The wise custom which limits the President
to two terms regards the substance and not
the form. Under no circumstances will I be
a candidate for or accept another nomination.
Not only Is the' meaning of this per
fectly plain, but it anticipates all the
foolish quibbles about "a second elect
ive term," etc. Not only did the Presi
dent gives his pledge with every evidence
of its being a conclusion reached after
long and grave reflection, but he has
since frequently repeated and reiterated
K, and even made occasions for so doing.
Why, then, do such persons as Senator
Bourne, of Oregon, continually clamor
that Mr. Roosevelt must, shall and will
be nominated again? Because they feel
that this incessant incense burning pop
ularizes them in their own communi
ties. To talk for this thing, which, they feel
sure, cannot possibly come to pass, wins
for them, they think, the popular no
toriety they love. , That Is all.
Were the stone wall of Mr. Roosevelt's
solemn pledge, and of his known fidel
ity to his word, to be suddenly removed,
we should see ail these persons, with
the exception of a few Incorrigible rat
tle brains, shrink back in terror.
The violation of one of the strongest
traditions of the National Government
the cynical rep-jdiation of a solemn
pledge-the plain treachery to Mr. Taft
all of these would cause the Nation to
recoil m fear and disgust.
There will be no "stampede" in the
Republican National convention lor Mr.
Roosevelt. There win bp no "third
term" put upon the country. Mr. Roose
velt has settled both questions lrrevoe
ably In advance, as they should be set
tied.
WIT 1ST I'WTED STATES SENATE.
Passing an Appropriation for Cows and
Autontobles for the Navy.
The other day the Senate of the
United States had under consideration
the naval appropriation bill,, and the
following debate took place, according
to the Congressional Record:
Mr. Heyburn Mr. President, my at
tention was attracted by these items,
one of which the Senator from Georgia
(Mr. Bacon) suggested. Automobiles
end cows for the Navy of the United
elates: wen, a more Inappropriate
provision for the Navy of the United
tatates than either of those items I can
hardly imagine.
Mr. Hale The Senator understands
that the naval hospital whose inmates
are provided for by the Government,
have STot to eat and rirlnlc anrl hav.
milk and everything else except beer"
ana liquors is on shore. We rarely
put one of these hospitals afloat at sea,
unless It makes a part of the military
establishment. They are In the Navy,
but of course they are on land and
subject to the necessities and the appe
tites that are common to mankind on
shore.
Mr. - Heyburn I am not well Informed
in regard to the location Of naval hos-
pitals, but those with which I am ac
quainted are conveniently located to
water. However, it is the beginning
of a new departure to provide the Navy
witn automobiles.
Mr. Hale It is undoubtedly; it is the
beginning of a new departure to pro
vide anybody with automobiles.
Mr. Bacon I would suggest- to the
Senator from Idaho that possibly he
may be relieved of his difficulty by of
fering an amendment putting in before
the word "cows the word "sea.
(Laughter.) Then it will surely be cov
ered.
Mr. Heyburn Then, Mr. President,
it has also occurred to me that in con
nection with the word "automobiles."
I might offer an amendment to make it
read "water automobiles," Inasmuch as
I have recently seen in the Scientific
American a picture of water automo
biles. (Laughter.)
Mr. Hale I also suggest where the
word "horse" occurs the addition of the
word "marines," so that it will read
"horse marines." (Laughter.)
Mr. Heyburn I did not desire to of
fer an amendment. I desired simply
that attention might be called to the
fact that we were providing for the
care of cows in the Navy for dairies,
I presume, on shipboard.
Mr. Perkins My friend from Idaho
(Mr. Heyburn) has referred to the
cows and so forth in the Navy,
want to say, in behalf of your commit
tee, Mr. President, that there are many
other things we might have Included In
this bill. For instance, there are the
dog watches. (Laughter.) It Is a won
der we have not provided for the dogs
for certainly we have two dog watches
every day on every ship of the Navy.
Mr. Heyburn I take It for granted
that It is not within the contemplation
of this appropriation to provide for sea
dogs. (Laughter.)
Mr. Bacon Mr. President, I want to
say that the Senator from Louisiana
desires me to ask the Senator from Cal
ifornia, who is familiar with nautical
matters, whether we have done away
with the "cat 0' nine tails." (Laughter.)
Mr, Perkins AVe have dispensed with
the "nine tails" now and are putting
the "cat" on short rations. (Laugh
ter.) We also have not provided in this
bill for the "hatchway," a matter with
which the Senator is probably familiar,
as he has traveled across the ocean.
.A Reminder of "Auld Lang Syne."
Eugene Register.
Yesterday a man with his son and
daughter, both nearly grown, drove In
to town with a team of large oxen.
They were seven years old and instead
of the old-time yoke they wore collars
with rope tugs attached to a pair of
tiamei. They were shod and moved
along with the shuffling gait so famil
iar to the old pioneers that crossed the
plains, and there were many of the old
timers to watch them as they passed
through the streets. The boy stated
they started from Vancouver, Wash
ington, a week ago Sunday and they
have made fairly good time. They are
looking for work, and will go as far
south as California or until they find it,
A Credit to Taeoma.
,The Tacoma New Herald's annual
for 1908 is a remarkable number and
certainly is at the head of the
"booster" publications of ' the year.
Yet there is little of a boosting nature
in its half-tones of buildings and the
many scenic beauties of the city, or in
its perfect letter-press. It shows the
wonderful progress of the erstwhile
City of Destiny and it bears the im
print of truth. Mining, fruitgrowing
and other Industries of the state out
side of the city are likewise exploit
ed. It is a good number and, rightly
placed, will be of benefit to Tacoma.
Beard Grows on One Side of Face.
Kansas City -Dispatch.
A heavy beard grows on the right side
of the face of G. L. Collier, of Columbia,
Mo., but the left side Is entirely smooth.
Scientists are puzzled.
Initiative and Referendum
Measures
For the information of voter there will
be published on this page from day to day
brief summaries of the initiative and refer
endum measures to be aubmltted to the
neoDle at the June election, together with
a short statement of the argument for and
against each.
NUMBER 8.
The University appropriation bill, pro
viding a continuing appropriation of $125,-
000 annually for the University of Oregon,
is one or the measures upon which the
people ' must vote at the June election.
The bill was passed by the last Legis
lature, vetoed by the Governor, passed
over the Governor's veto and then held
up by a referendum petition filed by Eu
gene Palmer and C. H. Walker, of Linn
County. The money appropriated Is avail
able for any purpose of the University,
maintenance, erection of buildings, pur
chase of equipment or purchase of land.
Any sum not expended In one year re
mains available in any other year. The
annual appropriation heretofore has been
$47,500, to which special appropriations
were 'added in 1905-, making the total
$7B,750 a year. Thus It is seen that the
bill now before the people proposes an in
crease of H6.250 a year.
A committee of the University alumni
has filed an argument in behalf of the
bill, asserting that Oregon provides less
money for Its University than any other
stare, that the cost of maintenance per
student ' Is less In Oregon than in any
other state except Iowa, that professors
at the University are underpaid; that the
equipment is Insufficient; that steadily
and rapidly increasing attendance de
mands new buildings ; that new dormitories
for women are needed; that young men
and women of Oregon spend $100,000 a
year going to college elsewhere when this
state should provide an institution suited
to their needs; that many of those who
go out of the state to get their education
remain away permanently; that a poorly
maintained University tends to discourage
Immigration; that the educational system
cannot be maintained at a high standard
-unless the University be properly sup
ported; and that the proposed appropria
tion will -mean a tax of only 25 cents per
year for each $1000 worth of prop
erty in the state. An itemized . statement
of the needs of the University shows th
following-: Maintenance. $S0,O00; recita
tion buildings, $50,000; women's dormitory,
$40,000; additional land, $15,000 to $25,000;
laboratory equipment, $15,000; books for 11
brary, $10,000; heating plant and furniture,
$15,000.
Against the appropriation bill Eugene
Palmer and Cyrus H. Walker have filed
an argument in which they assert that
new settlers will be encouraged to come
to Oregon when they learn that the ap
propriation has been defeated because ex
cessive; that the University will not sut
fer by defeat of the appropriation, for it
will still have funds available to the
amount of $60,000 a year; that the Uni
versity and the Agrucultural College are
duplicating work; that before an In
creased appropriation should be granted
this duplication should be avoided; that
It is much better to provide additional
funds for the common schools than for
the University; that a portion of the
funds for the University should be raised
by means of tuition fees; that the school
influence dominates the Legislature and
that If this bill should be approved by the
people the University will use that fact
as a club in demanding further appropria
tions from future Legislatures.
BUTISG OF FOREST RESERVES
Widespread Interest In a Measure Now
Pending; Before Coasrress.
Boston Commercial Bulletin.
It is not often that a bill before Con
gress attracts so much attention from so
many people as that relating to the pres
ervation of forests on the Southern Ap
palachians and White Mountains. The
manufacturers, merchants and farmers
of the states directly Interested are as a
unit In Its favor and hosts of intelligent
observers at a distance, anxious for the
welfare of the industries of the country
as a whole, are eager for Its passage.
The action, therefore, of the chairman
of the House Judiciary committee in cast
ing doubt upon the constitutionality of
the bill is the cause of a widespread dis
appointment. There is comfort to be do
rived from the fact that Judge Jenkins'
view of the law may not be final and that
his report, when submitted to the House
and there weighed in the balance, may be
found wanting. To some shrewd observ
ers it looks as if his wishes in the mat
ter had. unconsciously, of course, influ
enced his opinion and that It will not be
difficult to prove that his interpretation
of the word "Invasion" is strained. The
average layman certainly finds It difficult
to understand how the United States can
be said to Invade the property of states
by simply accepting from them the right
to enter upon land for a specific purpose
that will inure to the benefit of all con
cerned. It is greatly to be hoped that
the New England members will continue
to exert the utmost energy In season and
out of season to Impress upon their fellow-legislator
the Importance attached by
every one In this section of the country
to the measure and how great will be the
chagrin should it fall to pass.
' She Wants to Chanae Her Name.
Philadelphia Inquirer.
Bronlslawa Machszewsychowlyskls es
tablished a record at the City Hall when
she . applied for a marriage license. She
failed to get a permit to wed, however,
as she is a minor and her father was
not present to give his consent. Miss
Machszewsychowlyskls was accompanied
to the 'marriage license bureau by her
fiance, Michael Soznow. The girl is 19
years old and Soznow is 26. Clerk Smith
went to the trouble of writing out the
long name of the bride on the application
blank before he discovered that she was a
minor. This was no easy Job, he says,
for the letters came from all directions.
Miss Machszewsychowlyskls stated that
her father had no objection to her chang
ing her name.
A Roosevelt Who Palnta Pictures.
New. York Herald.
Besides a President the Roosevelts have
an artist in the clan. He Is S. Montgom
ery Roosevelt, who although a business
man, and for this reason a dilettante in
art, nevertheless accomplishes consider
able portraiture in the course of a season.
Last Spring the art section of the Herald
reproduced his portrait of Mrs. J. West
Roosevelt. Lately he has completed a
portrait of Mrs. R. B. Roosevelt, a grace
ful and agreeable canvas.
Mr. Roosevelt spends part of the Sum
mer abroad, where he paints and studies.
The remainder of the Summer he is eith
er at his country place, in Skaneateles,
or In Newport
Scare Over a Lost Child.
Baltimore News.
After a hunt of five hours, during
which a general alarm was sent out to
the police of Camden, N. J., a &-year-old
baby was found asleep under a chair in
the house of a friend some distance from
the residence of the runaway's parents.
Plea Sirsrm Kills Wild Darks.
Indianapolis News.
Hundreds of wild ducks are dying on
the marshes near Lake Erie, death be
ing due. examination has showed, to a
small insect resembling a flea.
ffliC HOUSEHOLD
BY LILIAN - TING I.E.
DON'T know what brand of "Second
Reader" you were brought up on and
whether you still remember any of the
pieces" In It; but I have an affec
tionate recollection of a certain poem, in
my Second Reader, which began approxi
mately like this:
Hail! gentle etranger- of the grove,
Sveet harbinger of Spring;
Now heaven repair thy rural seat
And woods thy welcome sing.
It was pleasant to recite (with an ac
cent on "or and '-ger") even though
one hadn't a very clear Idea of what a
"harbinger" might be, or how "harbing
ing" might be accomplished. I always
thought it had something to do with car
pet beating; but my seatmate said it was
a man who ran on roads with a stick.
She said she had seen a picture of such
an individual, labelled, "The Harbinger
of the Great King" or some such such
title. I retained my own opinion, how
ever, for she couldn't prove that the stick
might not be Intended for beating carpets,
anyway; and besides didn't people always
beat carpets In Spring? It was a little
puzzling to be Informed by the teacher
that it really meant the cuckoo, and that
the bird was given that strange name be
cause it let you know that Spring was
coming. We had to pretend to be satisfied
with this explanation, although it was
difficult to see Just why a cuckoo, or any
other "olrd, should require a "rural seat"
(presumably of rough, knotty wood, var
nished, like the "rustic" one In our
garden) and trouble Heaven with the
keeping of it In repair. My impression
was that birds didn't care where they
perched, and that they would have diffi
culty in "taking a seat" in the ordinary
sense of the expression.
On the other hand our carpet-beating
man found the garden-seat remarkably
convenient and useful.
But poems are queer anyway and the
teacher insisted that It was abput the
cuckoo; and she could keep you li after
school if you didn't agree with her, so
finally we let it go at that. I understand
that the cuckoo does not frequent tho
Willamette Valley, but its functions as
. "harbinger of Spring" seem to have been
assumed by the common or garden lawn
mower. I also understand that while the
cuckoo has never been tamed, and Is,
indeed, highly undomestic in its habits of
life, the lawn-mower Is seldom or never
found in the wild state and may be
ranked as on of the most useful if not
the most agreeable of domestic pets.
At present the cheerful note of the
lawn-mower may be heard In any of Port
land's'suburbs, or, Indeed, quite "olose. In,
walking distance" as the "for rent"
advertisements put it.
Morning and evening, just before dusk,
are the best times for studying the
creature's habits; for at such times it goes
out to seek Its prey and its purring,
rolling, clicking note, continuous not
staccato like that of the cuckoo, rises
high and clear on every hand.
e
There is one particular variety of lawn
mower which sings its best and loudest in
the earliest hours of Sunday morning.
Unreasonable neighbors (especially those
who do not possess lawn-mowers of their
own) who have a strange desire for late
and uninterrupted slumber on Sunday
morning, are often Inclined to blame the
owner who permits this. Indeed, I know
cases where hard words and harder
objects (such as shoes and sticks of wood)
have been showered on the owner of a
particularly strong voiced mower.
It should be remembered, however, that
the man may not be entirely to blame;
some lawn-mowers are very powerful
and selfwllled, and often drag a man to
and fro over the grass whether he wants
to go or not. Moreover, a lawn-mowef
cannot be silenced, like a canary, by
throwing a cloth over Its cage; although
I understand that much can be done by
kindness, the application of the proper
kind of oil, and care in adjustment. The
plumage of the lawn-mower is often very
brilliant and varied nowadays, much more
attention being paid to It by fanciers than
was formerly the case, when the plain
red and green heavily hooded varieties
were most generally seen.
In the windows of a leading dealer I
recently observed mowers in the following
colors: Blue and silver; green and gold;
black and gold; green, red and blue;
green, red and gold; blue, black and tan;
black and silver (suitable for half mourn
ing for an uncle who has left you prop
erty); red. white and blue; white and
silver (honeymoon special); brown andi
black (for dyspeptics presumably); green
blue and silver with touches of red.
It is easily seen, therefore, that .no
serious difficulty should be experienced
by a man who desires to have a lawn
mower to match his hosiery or . ties, or
even his wife's best hat. Tho truly
fastidious Owner is careful to select a
mower that will not clash In color with
his complexion even in , a heated state
(this means heated state of owner not
mower) while the ambition of the ultra
tashlonable woman should be to have a
mower to match every costume
In choosing a mower, however, most
men, I am told, pay little attention to
the exact shade of its coat. Price and
"ball-bearings" are, strange to say, the
first things usually mentioned.
The range of voice is seldom tested,
except occasionally, by a man who ex
.pVesses a desire to "get even" with a
neighbor who possesses a very full
throated variety. But a dealer who has
sold thousands of mowers assures me
that evtry man who purchases one
always 'demands that it be particularly
"easy to run" because "my wife will want
to use it."
This touching consideration on the
husband's part seems to be met by
equally touching selfsacrifiee on the part
of the wife; for no matter how much she
"wants to use it," you will generally see
her allowing her husband to do so.
Secrecy the Great Evil In Government.
President Eliot, of Harvard, to Cincin
nati, O., City Club.
The great evil in American Govern
mental affairs, from Washington down
through all the states and all tho cities
and towns, is secrecy. Secrecy charac
terizes the determining action in almost
all our governments. The real determina
tion is made in secret sessions of com
mittees. There may have been a hear
ing before the committee, but that was
not the determining moment. The de
termination takes place secretly. . . .
The citizens of Boston have only recent
ly found out and had illustrated to them
that the great evil in the American gov
ernments of today, from top to botfom.
Is this dangerous, abominable secrecy.
. . . . The new city chaHers, both in
Texas and Iowa, and the new provisions
for school boards in many cities, all take
pains to provide genuine publicity.