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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 10, 1908)
THE MORNING OREGONIAN, MONDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 1908. -v. 3? J J tun i wa a .rc STATISTICS PROVE HEED OF BRIDGE One of the most effective and noticeable features of the interior decorations of the East Side Masonic Temple is the Lighting Effect and Light Fix tures, which were manufactured by T E is NEW BUILDINGS GOMPLET IB K IR. ETT9 Northeast Improvement As sociation Collects Inter esting Data. GROWTH NORTH OF GULCH Cost of Bridges and Their tenance, AVith Report of Main Big Eastern Structures' Height Above AVater Cited. The Northeast, Improvement Association In its campatfin for a high bridge across the Willamette River betwen the railroad bridge and the Albino, ferry, has gathered (statistics showing the growth of the city toward the Columbia and down the Peninsula, in support of the contention that a high and wide bridge is needed. These statistics are instructive as point ing to the remarkable growth of Port land and its need for bettor bridges. With reference to cost of maintainance of the several bridgee County Clerk Fields re ports as follows: PORTLAND, Or., Feb. 6 D. U Povey: pear Sir: Replying to your plione in p:lry as to the cost of opera-ting the luldues across the Willamette River in this county. I wish to advise you that below you will liiul the cost ot oiwrating and maintaining with the ordinary repairs. I have not Included liKures on extension re pairs or renewals that have been made, nor have I included the rent the county pays for the Steel Hrldcre. you will understand that the county simply pays for the main tenance and help necessary to operate the upper deck of the steel bridge: Cost or Bridge Maintenance. Hurnside Ill,8.-..-.3S Madison I17"47 Morrison 0,4447 oel 5, 1 0.S. 0 1 Tloping this Information Is what you de Riled and It will be beneficial to you. I am yours respectfullv, F. S. FIELDS. County Clerk. Construction and Comparisons. Krom the City Bngineer's office and other sources the following statistics were furnished the association: Dates of construction of Bridges: Morrison-street, built April 11th, is.S7: Steel, built 111 t!vs; Madison, built in 1889; Burn sldc. built In 1S93. steeel BritlRo is not a city bridge, but its charter requires the construction of an upper deck for use of the city. Average number of people crossing Steel anrt Burnside bridges dally, 4:1,000; aver age number of cars crossing Steel bridge daily. !!ii; average number of cars crossing Burnside bridge daily, 1020. Brooklyn bridge, New York. 138 feet in dear above water (from memory) ; Will iamsburg bridge. New York, 1:15 feet in clear above mean high tide (Engineering Record!: Blackwells Island bridge, New York, K15 feet in clear above mean high tide (Engineering Record). Segregated Valuations. Assessed valuations; Seventh Ward $ 7.451.200 Eighth Ward i 5. .-,55.140 Ninth Ward 14.2:19.640 Tenth WaTd 9.(104.323 Total $46,850,305 Estimated selling value of prop erty on Kast Side $70,000,000 Total assessed valuation south of Sulli van's Gulch: Seventh Ward $7,451,200 Eighth Ward 15.655.140 $23,006,340 Total assessed valuation north of Sulli van's Gulch: 'Ninth Ward $14,339,640 Tenth "Ward U.B04.325 $23,843,905 Excess valuation in favor of northeast side $837,831 In the matter of dwellings, the follow ing table shows growth from 1905 to 1907, inclusive: Number of dwellings and other places pay ing the elty for water in December 31. 19ti5, 22.6:12; December 31. 1906. 24.826; Decem ber 3L 1907. 2D.0G0. Of the latter number 1709 are dwellings and other places formerly supplied with water by the Mount Tabor and Montavllla water works. Piedmont water works and Woodlawn water works, which plants were purchased during the year 1907. ltecord of Building Permits. Building permits issued for the year 3907, Is compiled according to two Bides of the city: Ruildlng permits for dwellings for vear 1907: West Side, f l.O03,4.'.0: average, $2500 to $3300. East Side. $3,233. 28S; average. $15W1 to $200O. Total. S4.230.73S. The percentage from official figures In number of permits Is 8 to 1 for the whole Kast Side to the Wost Side of river and 5 to 3 for north of Sullivan's Gulch to south of -rbe gulch. Census of East Side. 1890 Population of territory now com prising City of Portland Albina 5.R83 Kast Portland .11, 7ti2 West Portland 47.447 Total 64.791 Population of Portland taken in Marcii, 1907, based on p'ersonal tax list 205,000 Increase to December. 1007, based on Polk's Directory estimate 20,000 Total 223.000 Population of north and south of rtilch last March South of gulch 47,000 North of gulch 55,000 Total Kast Side. In limits 102.000 Increase March 1 to December 81... 10.000 Total population January 1, 1908, of East Side 112.000 According to school census it was found that the following increase is shown from 1S92 to 190S: School attendance 1892. West Sido- Illgh School 350 Lovvnsdale 40: Park K4 Harrison Atkinson .... ('ouch Failing insworth . . . Fulton 1.121 . 8:i3 l.o:;u . 8S3 . ' 87 . 107 Total West Fide 5477 E;.st Portland Stephens 572 Central 51 Nniih Ontral r("," Sumiysi'le 214 Brooklyn 226 Total East Portland 2111 All.ini Uistrict llolladay 319 7S illliuns Avenue . . All.lna Central Multnomah All.ira Homestead Woodlawn I NEW EAST SIDE LODGE BUILDING JUST COMPLETED I t r - - - ,-K - . -- I t I 4r, fs- i it lit -il if " t I . EAST SIDE MASONIC TEMPLE, OTf THE CORNER OP EAST HURNSIDE AND EAST EIGHTH STREETS. j Peninsula ...... .... . Ill Portsmouth 70 St. John 71 Total Albina district -..2040 Total Kast Portland 2I'.1 Total Albina districts 2045 Total Eart Side 414 School census January. 1908 Tltrict No. 1. which comprises several suburban additions outside the city limits, to-wit: Arleta, Lents, Mount Tabor, Mount Tabor Villa and other places. Total school attendance 32,:S04 East Ride, south of Sullivan's Gulch.. 12, SKI East Side, north of Sullivan's Gulch.. 10.!4i) West Side '. 8.754 1905. $8,W,-i.,5 7.647.!),-. 7.o;'..4 5.1V3.S6 1!X6. 12.415.S3 7.4X0.37 n.2:i--..7. 7,asn.2o 1907. t 9.tKi!).37 8.412.72 10.11ti.B9 n, 842. 09 St. John 1.H9 Total north of gulch. Including St. John 12,059 BUY LOTS IX MOUNT SCOTT Growth of District Is Tteported as Being Unprecedented. The big-suburb in the southeast known as the Mount Scott district, with a population of about 15,000 people, con tinues to grow. During January, not con sidered a favorable month for real estate transactions, many sales were made. New buildings are being erected everywhere. O. N. Ford, who keeps in close touch with realty from Creston to Firland, gives some of the important sales of the month. The number would be more than doubled if It Included those at Nashville, Wood mere, Tremont, Gray's Crossing and Lents. In reviewing the financial situa tion and real estate outlook In that grow ing suburg Mr. Ford says: Values are about the same as last sea son, but they will no doubt advance with the opening up of spring. This in part is due to the face that the O. W. P. Co. Is im proving Its service by putting on more ears and connecting switches with a view of a double track as far out as vvooumere. ine prospect of coming Into the city at. the June election will also have a tendency to increase values. Sales reported since January 1 follow: Mrs. Susette Wadell bought house and one-half acre on Maxwell avenue, $2000. O. A. Bush bought house and two lots In Laurelwood No. 2; $1500. W. H. Ferris bought three lots in Laurel wood No. 2; 7SO. Mr. Cunningham bought one-fourth acre and small house In Overton Park; $800. Jens Madsen bought property on Grove street, $1000; also one-half acre and two small houses in Overton Park; $1200. Harry Millatt bought two lots in Firland; $0O0. C. E. Pierce bought house and lot on Mora street; $750. Ada Souls bought house and two lots in Arleta Park No. 3; $3100. Katie Riehl bought & bouse and lot In Laurelwood; $S00. A. L. Davis bought two lots In Third Electric Addition; $550. Mr. Frost bought house and two lots In Upton Park; tlftoO. A five-room modern bungalow, in Firland, belonging to A. P. Lechler, sold to Mrs. Mclntyre for $1800. A five-room modern bungalow, built by Charles M. Ross, in Firland, was sold dur ing the week to George R. Henry, of Min neapolis; consideration, $1000. The four-room cottage of E. Smith, at Firland, has been purchase by Mr. Cal lendar, of Minneapolis, who will move in the latter part of the week. Price $1700. Churchill & Ross, a real estate firm at Laurelwood, have purchased the Britts property at that place, and will erect a two-story business block in the near future; also sold a half-acre in Overton Park to Mrs Drummond; consideration, $500: also a half-acre to Mrs. Barnhardt; consideration, $500. T. E. Gamble bought two lots in Third Electric Addition; $5O0. John Anderson bought a lot in Myrtle; $400. H. D. Steele sold his house and lot at Anabel for $1050. Mr. Walsh bought lot at Anabel; $373. E. A. Winders bought store building at Laurelwood; $5O0. J. Durkee bought lot a East Creston; $371 Miss H. Tiffin bought lot in Creston. $3O0: Jacob Kratt. two lots. $S4o; H. F. Pfeler, one lot. $463; F. F. Bagley. one lot. $300; A. W. Freeman, two lots. $S25; M. A. Talt, two lots, $350; J. C. Fox, one lot, $490; J. T. Williams, one lot, $360; J. M. Bennett.t one lot, $365; Lotta Dumas, four lots. $1380. MATERIAL FOR NEW DEPOT Albany's New Structure Will Be Needed Improvement. ALBANY. Or., Feb. 9. (Special.) Some of the material has been received here for the construction of the new union depot at Albany. The new structure, which will be one of the finest depots in the state outside of Portland, will stand a short distance northwest of the pres ent structure. Besides the improvement which will be made by the erection of the new building:, the depot will , be on the city side of the tracks, a change the people of Albany have desired for years. The erection of the new depot will neces sitate the movement of the present freight depot and a sweeping change in the present arrangement of the yards. IHOTO VALENTINES THE LATEST. Klser ha-s 'em. See em. 2AS Alder st. con mm grill DR. LAPHAM REFERS TO TRIAL OF JOHN HALL. Says All Citizens Should Keep Safe Margin Between Selves and Questionable Acts Pointed reference to the recent trial and conviction of John Hall in the Fed eral Court was made by Dr. Lapham at the Second Baptist Church, East Seventh and East Ankeny streets, yesterday morn ing. Bankwreckers of the city who have betrayed the trust placed in them by de positors were also denounced by the pas tor. His subject was A Margin in Life," and he spoke of the trend toward hon esty in all departments of American life. He spoke from' the text. Matthew v:47, "What do ye more than others?'' He said in part: The pitiable spectacle of another official In our state tried and found guilty of the most henioua crime an American citizen can commit, the destruction and discrediting oC law and order by malfeasance In office, re minds us that such men as these have lived and acted without a margin in life. If this man had acted upon the principle that any questionable act is absolutely wrong, he had saved his name from universal con tempt and reproach. Every man knows that he should keep just as far from evil and unrighteousness as possible, and 'every man in public and professional life forfeits all right to con fidence and respect who allows any cloud or suspicion to rest upon the question of his integrity, his principles or his attitude to the Issues of the hour. No man can af ford to take any chance as to his character and standing, and we are drawing a dead line well within the standards of "business honesty and law honesty," so-called, which man cannot cross and evade the conse quences. There are no doubtful business policies; there, are no doubtful political deals and acts. The line between right and wrong is so clearly marked and distinctly drawn that all questionable and doubtful acts are positively evil. There is no place in life or question of life where a man can not be emphatically on the side of honor and duty if he lives the life with a margin. In buildings, bridges, machinery or mate rial structures of any character, a- wide margin of safety for overstrain and emer gency is always provided. No mechanic or architect would think of constructing with out a margin of safety as sure and wide as pcssible. and shall we build character and manhood for time and eternity wlths less care ? The bank wreckers of this city who have misused and abused the confidence of their patrons are men without a margin of hon esty. When the overstrain, the emergency, came, they had no margin of honor and righteousness between themselves and fail ure. They did business upon the ragged edge of the precipice, and if they did not steal and falsify, they conducted business close up to the danger lines of dishonesty. Live your life in your amusements, pleas ures, business, citizenship and religion with a margin; it is always sate to keep just as far lrom the border lines of disaster and ruin as you can. Jesus himself lived and demands of every man who makes the slightest profession of following him. the life with a margin be yond the demands of society or mere need. Human nature is weak, and the man who allows himself to live and walk in Deri I is criminal toward his own soul and those he may involve and ruin by his example. The dependable life will keep away from evil. The happy life, the successful life, the re spected life, the Christ-like life is the life with a margin. EXPLAINS JESUS' MISSION. Eev. Elmo Koblnson Preaches on Relation to Jewish Religion. Rev. Elmo Robinson, pastor of the Rodney-avenue Christian Church, at Albina, yesterday morning preached on "The Relations of Jesus Christ to the Jewish Religion." He endeavored to clear up a -misunderstanding to the effect that Christ came to sweep away the Jewish religion, as some people think, when, as a matter ot fact, he came to clear away only certain forms and ceremonials incident to the re ligion of tlte chosen people. Mr. Robin son pointed out how Jesus had brought this about, and yet confirmed the re ligion of the Jew, which had been sub merged In forms and rituals. He de clared that Christ stootf for the real spiritual truth, and not for ceremonials. After discussing the subject along these lines, Mr. Robinson said: "Chriet came to sweep away the forms of religion and to establish a spiritual kingdom, but not a material kingdom, as it had been supposed he would do. He set forth his purpose in his matchless sermon on the mount, and in his interview with Nicodtmus. So it is not the forms that make up real religion, and enter into the real affairs of religious life, but the spirit ual. Sometime we hear a beautiful and eloquent prayer and think if we only could pray with the same force we would never refuse to pray. We hear the preacher deliver an eloquent prayer and think more of the beauty of the prayer than what the prayer means. The real prayer is not the eloquent prayer, but the prayer which is the outpouring of the spiritual life. Re ligion consists not in display." Mr. Robinson announced that the church had undertaken to look after the sick and distressed in the com munity and wished the names of this class to be presented at the prayer meeting next Thursday night. TKIALS OF CATHOLIC FAITH Bishop -Carroll Tells or Church's Three Great Struggles. Bishop Carroll, of Helena, Mont., spoke at the Cathedral of the Immaculate Con ception yesterday at the 11 o'clock mass, on "The Trials of the Church." He took up in succession the three great strug gles through which the Catholic Church has passed, giving a brief history of each. The first of these was the perse cution under tne Roman Kmpire during the first three centuries of the Christian Era, when it seemed that the Catholic Church was about to be overthrown. The church triumphed, with the result that it became enthroned on the ruins of the pagan empire. The second trial was the revolt against authority among the members of the church, which occurred in the sixteenth century. The principles of individualism which were then introduced into religion resulted in the destruction of the author ity of the revolters. "Today," said Bish op Carroll, "there is anarchy in the reli gious world. Germany, the first to throw off the yoke of the Roman Catholic Church, has now returned to the extent of half the nation. The third struggle arose in the nine teenth century, and consists in the de nial of any spiritual religion. Thte is the belief, or lack of it, which denies the existence of Christ, making him a mere man, though great. This is what is known as materialism, and was con demned by Pope Pius X In his vigorous encyclical, which caused much comment, and which has been held by Catholics as the great defense of fundamental truth, but which has . been attacked by those who advocate the materialistic view. Revival at Swedish Church. Revival services will be held every night this week, excepting Saturday, in the Swedish Mission Church, Seventeenth and Glisan streets. The singing will be led by Rev. E. V. Bjarklund, of St. Cloud, Minn. The meetings will be under the direction of the pastor. Rev. B. J. Thoren. The pastors of several, of the Scandanavian churches will occupy the pulpit. At the opening meeting held yes terday afternoon. Rev. John Ovall, pastor of the Swedish Methodist Church, con ducted the services. . DR. A W. STRANGE DEAD Long Connected With Journalism In . Various Parts ol State. ROSEBURG. Or., Feb. 9. (Special.) Dr. J. W. Strange, one of the best-known settlers of this section of the state, died at an early hour this morning of dropsy, aged 55 years. Dr. Strange was born in Blount County, Tennessee, November 21, 1S32, and came to Oregon in the Spring of 1S71, settling at Wilbur, Douglas County. He was married on January 21, 1879, to Miss Frances Cox. In the '?0s he was reading clerk of the House of Representatives and chief clerk of the Senate. He was also School Super intendent of Douglas County during the years 1881 and 1SS2, being editor of the Plaindealer of this city while holding the office of School Superintendent. He removed from here to Eastern Oregon and for a time was editor of the Pendleton Tribune, from which place he went to Coos County, remaining there until 1904, when he returned to Roseburg and en tered into the practice of his profession, dentistry. He was alsd editor and owner of the Spokesman, published in this city, which work, he continued until two months ago, when ill health forced him to rest. He was one of the builders and a member of the Presbyterian Church of this city and a member of the I. O. O. F., A. O. U. W. and W. O. W. lodges of this city. Besides his wife and son . he leaves several brothers and sisters. To Cure ft Cold in One Day Take LAXATIVE BROMU Quinine Tablet. Drupgieta refund money If it falle to cure. C Y. GROVE'S signature im on each box. 23c Architects Are Busy on Plans for Structures to Start ' in the Spring. NOTES ON REALTY MARKET Evidences Everywhere of Continued Confidence in Future Greatness of Portland Through Building Operations and Purchases. Donald H. Smith, formerly representa tive of the Burlington Railroad Com pany; Robert B. May, better known as "Uncle Bob," formerly traveling rep resentative of Mason, Ehrman Company for the past 18 years, and W. Lawrence, formerly connected with The Kadderly Grocery Company, have formed a part nership which will be known as the Se curity Investment Company. They have taken offices in the Corbett building. Mr. Smith and Mr. Lawrence have been in the real estate business for some time. Mr. May has also been successful in his business undertakings. As many workmen as can be employed to advantage are rushing the construc tion of the Dammeier building, on Fourth street, between Everett and Flanders. The concrete foundations are in place and mill construction is being used for the Interior.. Outside brick walls will be gin to rise at once and the half block structure, to cost $100,000, is now ex pected to be completed by July. It is to be three stories with a frontage of 200 feet on Fourth street and will house 2000 Chinese, if present plans are car ried out. Alteration work on the O'Shea building at Sixth and Washington streets, is hear ing completion. Stores on the Washington-street front are being made ready for tenants, some of whom will move from the McGinn property adjoining, which is to be cleared to make room for the big office building to be erected on the site by Jennings & Company. In a total of $81,000 In building permits issued last week, there were but three items exceeding $5000. indicating that small houses are taking precedence In operations at present, which, in a way, is a good indication, for it proves that wage-earners are rapidly becoming home-owners. D. L. Gerlinger's office building, at Second and Alder streets, will be fin ished, according to present plans. in August. Construction has reached the fifth floor. The lot on which this latest addition to office buildings is erected is 60x100 and the cost of the structure is placed at $75,000. Formation of a real estate exchange will be the feature of the March meet ing of the realty board. After the ban quet a special committee, of which M. G. Griffin Is chairman, will report on by-laws and rules in their presentation of the plan of organization. Sengstake & Lyman effected the sale of 28 acres of land on the Base Line Road, 12" miles from the city limits, last week, to E. M. Grimes, who Intends to build a residence on the tract and cultivate small fruits on part of his purchase. The con sideration is reported to be $4200. The Simon building, at Third and Hoyt streets, is being occupied by the Hazel wood people. Finishing touches are be ing made and the entire restoration of the building will be done this week. Mall & Von Borstel have sold for the United States National Bank to Mrs. Emma Elliott the southeast corner of Holladay avenue and East Twenty-second street. Mrs. Elliott bought the prop erty for an investment. Baldwin & Dowling's new Medical building at Park and Alder streets will be fully completed by March 1, though some tenants will begin moving In about the middle of this month. v Contract has been awarded for a four flat building, at Park and Harrison streets, on plans made by H. J. Hefty. The building is to cost $7500. The Home Telephone Company is to erect a two-story brick exchange, 50x100, at Vancouver, Wash., to cost about $15 -000. Plans for the' new building of the Star Brewing Company, at First and Madi son streets, have been completed by Emil Schacht. The Hartford apartments at Twenty first and Flanders, have been completed. The cost of the building is placed at $16,000. Emll Schacht, the architect, has award ed the contract for mill work of the Mrs. Veness mansion, At Twentieth and John son streets. Contract has been let by the architect, Ernst Kroner, for excavation of the l miM 'Ma qui m ..inn li,ii,I,ii r - in " 1' i- EAISSIS '-il '. 'M i See Page 5. ili' j ii,mini in iii- l i -"'liiitnittirn ill j The committee invited general bids contract was awarded BARRETT 408-410-412 Morrison Street. SCHOOL-HOUSE By the Fan System is as absolutely perfect as any means known. We are very proud of the fact that one Seattle architect has stated: "A fan system installed by the V. G. McPherson Company holds the record in Seattle for economy of fuel and results obtained." "We want to con sult with you if you have any kind of a building to be heated. THE W. G. McPHERSON fOMPANY HEATING ENGINEERS VlVli Ji I 328 GLISAN STREET PACIFIC IRON WORKS 0. E. Heintz, Manager. Phone East 57, Home B 1157. Castings, Stee! Buildings and Bridges ALL ARCHITECTURAL IRON Full Line of Beams, Angles and Channels in Stock East End Burnside-Street Bridge, Portland, Oregon. DAVIS 6 Phone E. 591 Gas and Electric Fixtures We Are Located at 406-408 E. Burnside, Bet. Grand Ave. and E. Sixth with a new and modern line of Colonial and Mission Fixtures, suitable for the most up-to-date residences. Being in the low-rent district, we can save the builder from 10 to 20 per cent on all kinds of lighting fixtures. HOLLADAY'S ADDITION The one BEST place in Portland to buy. GEOGRAPH ICAL CENTER and MOST DESIRABLE residence property of the city. THE OREGON REAL ESTATE COMPANY 88Js Third Street. The general contracting work on the East Side Masonic Temple was completed by PIPPY & DISBROW 699 East 9th St. Phone Sellwood 732. The R-alvanlzod iron cornice work, SIDE MASONIC TEMPLE was done MOORE, MEAGHER CO. Mnnnfacturers of f.nlvnnizcri Iron f'ornlre and Sky Uerhtn. lln. Gravel and Mule Itooflnic, Hoatinu and Ventilating, Tin, Copper anil Sheet Metal Work, l'hone Main 82. 43 First Street. THE ADAMANT COMPANY Manufacturers of HARD WALL PLASTERS Our Celebrated "Crown" Brand Hair Kibered Cement Plaster Used Through out In Plastering the East Side Masonic: Tfniple. FACTORYi Foot Fifteenth St.; Pacific Phone. M 2100. OFFICES 433 Worcester Hlilsr.; Pacific Phone Main 71S, Home A 1218. Tfie Portland .Tile OFFICE 217Marquam Building. PHONE MAIN 5S73. Ceramic, Mosaic, Enameled and Encaustic Tile andKa JAMES E. BARKER, Prop. Warehouse 355 Burnside near Piirk Street. Branch Office and Salesroom, 451 Empire Building, Seattle, Wash. J. . C. BAYER . CORNICES, ROOFING, SKYLIGHTS, METAL SHINGLES, VENTILATORS, ETC. Phone Main 467. . 263-267 Second St. Jos. Hornung, Res. Phone E. 1359. E. Pischer, Res. Phone E. 4587. CITY IRON WORKS Structural and sheetiron workers, blacksmiths, boilermakers; fire-escapes, sidewalk, Joors and bose casintrs a specialty. TeJ. Main 7155. 303 Front St., Corner Columbia, Portland, Oregon. Repair Work Given Prompt Attention Founders, Machinists and Boiler makers, Building and Structural Work. PHOENIX IRON WORKS ENGIXFEKS. Office and Work, Hawthorne Avenue and Kant Third Street. apartment building to be erected by Mrs. Druse, at Stanton and Bortnwick streets. Several architectural firms have taken quarters In the new Corbett building. Samuel T. "Edmondson, of .Marion County, bought: ten lots in Rose City and suggestions for lighting, and the for price and design to HEATING DRENNEN Phone B 2151 tinning and roofing by on THE EAST 8 Mantel Company Phone Enxt 2J, PORTLAND, OREGON. Park last week. He intends to build on the lots the coming Summer. If Bdt U Cnttliut Teeth Be sure and tlse that old well-tried remedy, Mrs. Wlnslow's 6oothlnv Syrup, for children teethlns. It aaothei the child, softans ta sums, allays pain, colio and dlarrhofta.