Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937, February 05, 1908, Image 8

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Morning Oregonian., February 05, 1908, Page 8, Image 8

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Newspaper Page TextTHE MORNING OREGOXIAX, WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 5, 1908. dip (Btmmx ' 81'HSt KIPTION RATES. INVARIABLY IX ADVANCE. (By Mail.) Pally, Sunday Included, on year $8.00 Pally, bunday Incjuded. fltx months.... 4.23 Daily, Sunday Include, thr months. . 2.-5 laily, Sunday Included, on, month.. .75 l'HJly. without Sunday, one yftar 6.00 I-iaily. without Sjunriuy. six months 3.25 Daily, without hun.lay. three months.. 1-75 Daily, without Kunctay. one month..... 00 Kunday, one year 2.50 Weekly. rne year (issued Thursday)... 150 Sunday and weekly, ccie year. . . . . . j . . . 8.50 ill' CASKIKlt. Dally. Sunday included, one year...... 6 00 Daliy, Bundav Included, one month 75 HOW TO HKMIT Send stoflc money erd-r, express ordpr or personal check on your local bank. Sumjii, coin or currency ore t the sender's risk. Give postoftlce ad dress In full. Including; county and state. POSTAGE .KATES. Entered at Portland, Oreion, Postofflce as ecorwi-Ciaas Matter. 10 to 14 P.ures 1 cent 1 to 28 I'.iscu 2 cents ; to 44 I'hkcs 8 cent 46 lo n Pasiaj cents Fnfeipn posvage, double rates. IMPOKTANT The postal laws are strict. Newspapers ou which postage is not fusly prepaid are not forwarded Ui destination. EASTERX BUSINESS OFFICE. The s, C. JJecTswlth Special Aitency New Tork. rooms 4S-50 Tribune building. Chi cheo, rooms f.lo-01- Tribune building. KEPT ON SALE. Chicago-Audltoa-ium Annex: Postofflce News Co.. I7H Dearborn street. M. Paul. Minn. N. St. Maria, Commercial Station. , Colorado Springs. Colo. Bell. H. H. Denver Hamilton and Kendrlck. DOO-MS Fc ente. nth stroet: Pratt Book Store, 1214 Fifteen rii street; P. Hansen, a Itlce, Georjre (iarson. - Kunsas City, .Wo. P.lcksecker Cigar Co.. Ninth and WalnuX; Yoma Newsj Co. -Minneapolis J. CavanaUKh. - 60 South Third.' Cleveland. . b. Jtnmes Puehaw, 807 Su- Ptrhir street. ' Washington, I. C' Ebbltt House. Penn eylViittia avenue. Philailrlpbin, Ta. Ryan's Theater Ticket Oflire; J'enn Jsews Co. " New York City. L.. Jones Co., Astor House: Broadwny Thestter News Stand: Ar thur Hotallnfi Wapons; Empire News Stand. Ocrien jj. L.. Boyle; Low, Iros., 114 Tu cnty-lif tli street. Omaha Barkalow Biios.. Union Station: BJafteatn Stationery Co. lies Moines, ia. Moss Jacobs. S.icrair.eiito, al. Sacramento News Co., 43o K street: Amos News Co. . halt l.ut.e Moon 2 look r Stationery Co.: Rosi-nfeld Ji Hajisen; G.. W. Jewett. P. O. corner. l..s Angeles B. K. Amos, manaffer tea stiret waKons. Pusadeuu. Cal Amos News co, aa Diego- IS E. Ajnos. San Jose. Cat. St. James Hotel News Stand Dallas, Tex. Southwestern News Apent 841 Wain street: aiso two street wagons. Amarilla. Tex. Tlmmons & Pope. San Frunciteo Forster & Orear: Ferry News Stand; Hotel St. Francis News Stand; J.. Parent; N. Wheatley; Fairmount liotl News StHTid: Amos News Co.; United News ARcney. 14 Vs Eddy stroet; B. E. Amos, man ager three wagons.. Oakland. C'ui. W. H. Johnson, Fourteenth and Franklin streets, N. Wheatley; Oakland News Stand; B. E. Amos, manager, five wagons. (inhltlpid. Nev. Louie Follln; a C. . E. Hunter. , Eureka. Cal-:all-Chronicle Agency; Eu reka News Co. roltTLAND, WEDNESDAY. FEB. 5. 1908. THE ritoviN-ciAi-s. I This story, is told in an English newspaper. There is pith in it, and point onough, to engage the reader's attention? Mr. TVoodrow Wilson, president of the Princeton University and a notable American historian, expressed Interesting views- In a lecture at Columbia University yesterday. He said: "If you live in a place where you can sit around a stove in a country store you ate much more likely to have opinions than If you lived in New York." . He accordingly argued that Senators from the Western . States . were of more genuine value to the country than Eastern people. In the East there 'was no time for original thought. People mere formed ideas from newwpapena. He thought that a National newspaper should be established, -'-as the papers In great cities were provincial not a National mediuiri. This is not wholly true; very few statements, in which opinions are ex pressed, are truth absolute. And yet in this anecdote there is near approx imation to truth. 7 But there are' difficulties, on both sides. You may hear a I09 of good stuff in the talk arouml'a stove in a country . store. Original ideas crop out there; Thie talkers may survey mankind from China to Peru. But there may be lacking actual knowl edge of the practicability and limita tion of their ideas. There is too much tendency to overlook the les sons of human experience. Those Its sons, indeed, are not before the minds of the speakers; who are too apt to think the ideal and the possible U one. And yet large ideas and im pulses come out of such a situation, and the world of thought and action Is continually refreshed by the effort. On the other hand, the great city is centered in itself and upon itself. It becomes provincial; and the bigger it grows the more provincial it be comes. Take, the great capitals- Lon don, New York, Paris. To the great body of the people of each of these capitals, their city is the whole world. But you do- not fipd Xorth Yamhill, or Prineville, with all their rusticity, imagining so vain a thing.. Around the stove in the Country store you will hear discourse on affairs of the wide world, such as you never will hear in the tig cities that deem themselves all in alt. The provincialism of the great cities is one of the chief hindrances of all 'civilizations. Yet' it is no new thing. It always has been so. It was quit as much so in Rome two thousand years ago. as it- is now. in Xew York, London or Par?. The suggestion that a national newspaper should be established to cure our big cities of their provincial ism is not practicable. It wouldn't cure them. Their people wouldn't read it, nor understand ' it if they should read it. Everything about them tends to concentration of their thoughts upon themselves. On the other hand, the philosophy you hear in the discourses about the stove in the country store deals with all things in the world of man and mind and matter, of potential energy and sim ple existence and whys and where fores, and some other things. It isn't ultimate wisdom, we may admit; but it is a surer road to ultimate wis dom .than the average thinking, of New York and London seats of the provincial and ' parochial press of the English-speaking world. The aflempt of the New York Hoard of Aldermen to stop women from smoking in public by municipal law has been turned down by -Mayor McClellan's veto. While there can be no diversity of opinion among repu table men and- women, who honor clean, dignified, lovable, old-fashioned womanhood, in .1 regard to women smoking either In private life or in, public places, the discrimination at tempted against a habit in women that is indulged everywhere unre buked by men savors too much of class legislation to pass muster in an American city or commonwealth. The young woman with a cigarette is er roneously held to be a menace to the moral sense and the physical stamina of posterity. Apprehension in this line Is diminished by. the reflection that girls of this type. are not In train ing for motherhood. They may and do marry, it is true, but the one re deeming feature of these lives is that their sins of omission or commission are not visited upon posterity. They do'not have children. STATEMENT ONE NOT OBLIGATORY. Nowhere in the direct primary law is it ordained that candidates for the Legislature shall "take" Statement No. 1, The effort of Democrats and of the U'Ren clas of Demo-Republicans to make the public believe that the primary law requires the taking of Statement No. 1 by all candidates for the Legislature ignores the pres ence In the law of Statement No. 2, which is as important a part of the law as Statement No. 1. 1 Nor, as a matter of fact, does the primary law declare that candidates for the Legis lature must subscribe to either state ment; the law allows them discretion, either to pledge themselves to vote for the so-called "people's choice" or their party's choice, or to consider the "people's choice" as nothing more than a recommendation, or to .sub--scribe to no pledge at all. Statement No. 2, contained in the same part of the primary law as Statement No. 1, is as follows: During my term of office I shall consider the vote of the people for United States Senator In Congress as nothing more than a recom mendation, which I shall be at liberty to wholly disregard If the reason for doing so seems to me to he sufficient. Suppose a Republican candidate for United States Senator should be nom inated by a minority of his party against the will of lie majority, and rejected by the majority in the gen eral election (a likely outcome) in that case, should the Democratic can didate, winning the general election, be designated the "people's choice," that is, the choice of 30,000 or 40,000 Republican majority in this state? Should a Republican aspirant for the Legislature bind himself to vote for the Democratic candidate for Senator, merely because the minority Repub lican candidate was rejected, and make this state to be represented in Washington in the most intensely political office that Oregon possesses by a Democrat? If Republicans -qf Oregon could nominate for Senator a man the ma jority of them want elected, then in the general election, In running against the Democrat, he would be the "people's choice" in the true sense of the name and the Legislature ought to elect him. But -in the June election the 65,000 Republicans of Oregon may have to pick between two nominees, neither of which they really want elected the Democratic nomi nee and the one named by a minority of the Republicans. In that case will it be fair to call the winner "the peo ple's choice?" Manifestly, the win ner would not be the people's choice. These matters are mentioned sim ply for the purpose .of pointing out the humbug of th "people's choice" doctrine. The people should elect their United States Senators. Their delegates in the Legislature should have nothing to do with this function. The change can be effected, however, only .by amending the National Con stitution and many of the states have called for it. , The Or.egon method does hot enable the, people to name their choice for Senator. And aspirants for seats in Ihe Legislature are not obliged by the law to bind themselves to that method. The law allows them a vari ety of pledges, besides adherence to Statement No. 1. Not another state in the Union has Oregon's Statement No. 1, or any thing like it. Not another state of the Union proposes to set aside, in the method of electing Senators, the pro visions of the Constitution of the United States. The method of . the Constitution must prevail till the Constitution shall be changed. To lake the popularfvote on Senator is very proper as a guide. But it can not control the Legislature, nor .will it, to the extent of causing a Demo cratic Legislature to elect -a .Repub lican Senator, or a Republican Leg islature to elect a Democratic Senator. It is really childish to think of it. SHERMAN ACT INADEQUATE. . The unanimity of opinion regarding the outcome of the suit against the Harriman merger is so pronounced that it seems strange that 'any at tempt should have been made to at tack it on the lines which Attorney General Bonaparte rs forced to follow. "In logic and as a measure of public policy," says -the New York Times, "the suit is senseless and without warrant. But the law has apparently been violated, and that justifies the Attorney.General. He has no choice; he must sue, though his suit can have but a sterile' and empty triumph." No denial which the Harriman people can make w ill "convince any one that competition between the Southern Pacific and Union Pacific has not been' eliminated. We have the prima facie evidence ;ever fcefore us. We do not ven expect that Mr. R. B. Miller, in charge of traffic for the O. R. & X." Unton Pacific, will engage in any vro lent competition for business with Mr. R. B. Miller, in charge of traffic for the Southern Pacific. The. only semblance of an excuse why competition' should be indulged in under such circumstances might lie in the. fact that hot all of the stock holders ' in the Union Pacific are stockholders in the Southern Pacific, and vice verpa.- But, even in this case, :Mr. Harriman is like the man who was uncertain as to his destina tion In the next world, for he "has friends In both places,", and to avoid offense it Is but natural that he should divide the territory just as Mr. Hill divided the territory of the Great Northern and the Northern Pacific before and after the celebrated mer ger suit which resulted in divorcing the properties but failed to restore competition. But while It is expecting too much to look for any tangfble results that will benefit the people, the prosecu tion of Mr. Harriman for violation of the Sherman act will , bring to light the shortcomings of that act, and, thus show the vital importance of a substi tute under which proseevftions can be carried on with some assurance of success. Enlargement of the powers of the Interstate Commerce Commis sion might accomplish something on these lines, and. If that should not prove practicable, effects similar to those conferred on shippers by active competition might be secured through local maiiraum rate bills in the states traversed by these roads. The people, of the Pacific Northwest have suffered most by this Union Pa- J cific merger, and they are becoming extremely dissatisfied with the divis ion oS territory whioh gives Califor nia the corn and Oregon the husks. The outcome of the pending suit promises to be somewhat farcical, but there will be nothing farcical about the measures that may be invoked to replace the inoperative" Sherman law. VOTERS AS LAWMAKERS. Now we may see how extensively the people of Oregon have embarked on the business of making their own laws. Nineteen measures are' ' to be submitted under the terms of the ini tiative and referendum. The time ex pired Friday when such bills might be filed with the Secretary of State at Salem; so we know that there will be just nineteen, no more, no less. It is enough, far more than enough. -.The voter has ample time, perhaps, be tween now and the June election to acquaint himself, with the provisions of these bills. But will he? He will not. '-Very few will take the time or trouble to know what these things are about, or what vital and far-reaching effect they will have on the legisla tion and life in Oregon. For these measures are Important, every omr of them, and some of them are revolu tionary. Take, for example, the ex traordinary constitutional amendment proposing 'in effect the single tax as the sole method for all future prop erty tax In' Oregon. It proposes to exempt from taxation all manuiictur ing establishments and all dwellings and to impose the chief tax burden hereafter on land. If this measure shall pass there w-ill be 'readjust ment and reform of all values in Ore gon that will shake and undermine the whole property structure at its very foundation. Here is. an innova tion that no sane community would adopt, if at all, without careful con sideration and long preparation; yet here in Oregon a few agitators and reformers- propose that it shall be done by the mere scratch of the care less or. uninformed voter's pen. . The facilities for law-tinkering and lawmaking in Oregon are too easy, and we'are beginning to see that they are dangerous, or at least that they may be employed In dangerous and ruinous ways. MR. WALTON'S EUCK. Charles Walton is an enterprising young man who mounted a streetcar four years ago and proceeded, to rob the passengers. Policeman Nelson venturing to interfere with the busi ness which he had initiated, Walton shot him. We have learned of. late from Dr. Day and other great moral ists that business must not be inter fered with, no matter though It be robbery; but at that time the world was not so advanced in its standards and Walton was . arrested. He was taken before the udge and ordefed to say whether he was guilty or not of the two charges against him. One that he had attempted to rob the pas sengers in the car, the other that he had tried to murder the policeman. Walton seems not to have been quite certain whether he was guilty or not, and accordingly asked for time to make up his mind. The court gra ciously " allowed him several weeks which he spent in meditation, and, possibly, in. prayer. Then he was again haled before the bar of justice. At this momentous point' in the proceedings a lapse occurred. It seems that the Judge forgot to ask him again whether he was guiy or not. It is difficult to understand how the omission injured Mr. Walton. At the w-orst it only deprived him of an opportunity to say that he was guilty, which opportunity he did not desire; for clearly he had made up his mind to defend himself, and this he was permitted to do. By his conduct Wal ton pleaded not guilty; his plea was accepted and the trial proceeded on that basis. He . was deprived of nothin'g but the privilege, of confess--ing his guilt, a privilege which he had no intention of using. There is no intimation that the trial was not per? feqtly fair. The evidence was such as the law demands for conviction, and the judge's charge to the jury seems to have been impregnably proper. The prisoner's guilt was established beyond all possible doubt; the jury brought in a verdict of guilty on both charges, and Walton was sentenced to thirty years in the penitentiary. Of this sentence he has served four years. The Supreme Court now intervenes and declares that the omission to ask Walton a second time whether he was guilty or not was fatal to the v&lidity of the trial. The sentence is an nulled and the whole must be begun again from the beginning. One exquisitely Humorous phase of the subject is that the evidence taken in the former trial has lost all its vir tue and cannot be used again. Evi dence is like wine. After the bottle Is once opened it goes stale. The only way to convict Walton now is to make the witnesses say all over again what they said before. The verbatim re port of their former testimony has lost all its veracity. This beautiful provision for the protection of crime is important to Walton, sln$e two of the principal witnesses against him have gone ' to parts unknown. Very likely his lawyer waited for thi3 in teresting contingency to occur before he moved upon the fortress of the Su preme Court. The grant of a new trial before the hostile witnesses had vanished might not have been so much of a favor as it is now. Students of jurisprudence as it is practiced should note two or three significant facts about the Walton re versal. In the first place' nobody, either in' court or elsewhere, enter tains any doubt whatever that he is guilty as charged. Secondly, his guilt was adequately proved, as the law re quires. Thirdly, Walton was deprived of no right in the course of. his trial which was of the slightest aidvantage to him. The omission to ask him whether he was guilty or not was the omission of an empty ceremony. If he had been asked the question and had not answered, the law would have ' presumed him innocent. It made the same presumption when the incantation was left out altogether. Fourthly, although the jury in. the former, trial held the testimony true, it cannot be used in the new. trial. Finally, a conviction now becomes al most Impossible because the witnesses have disappeared. Is not the farce delirious? Were such a train of inci dents presented on the stage, critics, would say that it was wildly Improb able. AVhat makes this blow ,at practical justice more significant is the fact that it is one of many almost precisely alike. The Washington Post thinks The Oregonlan must have- had a bad digestion because" it animadverts upon the love of some of our courts for scholastic subtleties. But the belief that they prefer ingenious technicali ties to the substance of justice is no nightmare arising from a disordered stomach. . 'Would it were; but the evi dence to the contrary is too abundant and too big with, dangerous import to society. Although by his own statement Coroner Finley knew that the girl Gol'da Rowland died at the Radium quackery, and although ' he had Dr.. Locke's report that she died from a criminal operation, still he can. say that he held no nquest because "there could be no evidence secured on which to base a reasonable belief of convicting anybody." -What did Coroner Finley do to get the evidence or lay it before the proper officers? Mr. Finley's account of that extraor dinary death certificate fails to ex- I plain it; nor is it clear to the ordinary intellect how he can separate himself into two distinct individuals as he does, one being Coroner and the other a mere undertaker with no public du ties whate.ver, even when a patent crime lies under his very eyes. TlrS single item in these transactions which Is above reproach is the con duct of Dr. Locke. He appears to have done his whole duty where duty was unpleasant and perhaps danger ous. ' If others had acted with his promptitude and courage, justice might -have reached the criminals who have now escaped, perhaps forever.' A Newburg, N. Y., dispatch an nounces that in spite of the Winter weather work on the new palace which E. H. Harriman is building near Arden, N. Y., is still in progress, with a payroll of $19,000 per month. The house is built in the form of an old English castle, and will cost about $4,000,000. It will be pleasing to the people of Oregon to learn that the vigorous swing of the big stick has not deprived the railroad king of the right to spend the money wrung from the producers of Oregon and other states in $4,000,000 palaces. There is, o'f course, no money for opening up the isolated regions of Oregon, but the times will never get so hard that the Harrimans and all .of their kind will not have enough to gratify their own selfish inclinations for pleasure. If the recent upheaval has disturbed the financial condition of the men it was aimed to reach, it is. not in evidence that success has been achieved. Old Mars oug-ht to feel fairly com fortable over the outlook for the fu ture. A London dispatch from Tan gier announces that the French and the Moors have been getting so close together that 10,000 of -Othello's countrymen were killed In a little sor tie with the French a few days ago. Russia has just dispatched 5000 troops to the Turko-Persian frontiv in anticipation of trouble which may make necessary a Russian bluff at Turkey. The situation in India is in-. creasing in gravity, and the anarchists are stirring up matters throughout Europe. These diversions, while the mighty white squadron is, plowing its way- through the Straits of Magellan In anticipation of police dvfty in the Pacific, are sufficient in their way to cause some anxiety in the mind of the dove of peace, as well as elsewhere in. the camps where men would rather have peace without being obliged to fight for it. The Japanese Diet, after a heated debate. ha3 decided to increase the taxes on sugar, sake, alcohol, beer and kerosene. As the people are already groaning under the weight of an enor mous war debt, it is not surprising to learn that this added burden was not agreed to without a struggle. The acting Minister of Finance, in explain ing the measure, stated that the in crease in taxation was absolutely nec essary, and that he believed the peo ple would be willing to pay it. This action confirms previous reports that the Nippon Empire, through .its ex travagant subsidies and other wild schemes , of industrial expansion, had reached the limit of its credit abroad. It now remains to be seen to what lengths the patriotism and patience of the people will, permit the leaders to go. . . The ancient measure providing for the payment of claims of the Amer ican sealers who had their property seized in Behrlng Sea before the American Government discovered that such seizures were illegal is again before the- Senate. Unlike some of the claims which bob up at each session, the chances of this sealing claim seem to improve as the years go by. . In view of the treatment given British sealing claims for danT ages' which were , inflicted by Ameri can revenue cutters at the same time the America seizures were made, it is a disgrace, to this country 'that American sealers should have been deprived of their Just remuneration for more than twenty years, and it now seems probable that the. Govern ment may right the wrong done. One hundred hopgrowers have an nounced their willingness to co-operate with the Pacific Coast Hopgrow ers' Union and cut down the acreage of their yards 30 per cent. . This will, of course, restrict the output, and, other conditions remaining un- changed, prices should improve. But suppose that ; the oncoming wave of prohibition sweeps over more than 30 per cent of the beer drinkers? Will it then be necessary! still further to reduce ' the acreage of hops, or will some wise man discover a method of converting, them, into a new kind of breakfast food? The possibilities for trouble in. the hop market and the hop fields are unlimited, so lonr; as it is impossible to determine where the prohibition wave will establish its high-water mark. It Is ,one of the beauties of illus trated journalism that the' portrait of a coming theatrical celebrity may also be employed when the subject re ceives two weeks' notice. One cannot help but admire Bourke Cockran's ingenuity in using praise of Roosevelt to boost the Bryan boom. They who hold oratqry not as a lost art may take comfort in the Congres sional proceedings of Monday. We see only one way out of. it: Invoke the initiative on the crematory site. OM3 VIEW OF BRYAN'S CHANCES He Moat Make V.nins In the Eant, or a Revolutionize Middle Weat. New York Sun. While Mr. Bryan Is adamant In In sisting upon a single term of the Presi dency for any incumbeht, there is no reason why he should not be a candidate- as often as the Democratic party can bo persuaded to nominate him For his desire to make a third cam. palgn he can cite the- Cleveland prece dent. It is trun that Mr. Cleveland was elected the first time, missed elec tion the second time by loslns New York State and swept the country the third time. Mr. Bryan has sustained two sweeping dffeats, but the buoy ancy of 'his nature Is such that he eoulrt stand a third defeat,' as he has frankly announced, out of considera tion for the Democratic party, whirh loves a winner but seldom is lucky enough to get one. . To students of Presidential elec tions since 1880 it seems clear enough that a Democratic candidate can scarce, ly hope to reach the White House un less he carries both Eastern and West ern States. Even with his re"markable gains in the West In 1892, when he re ceived electoral votes from Illinois, Wisconsin, Michigan Ohlo and Califor nia, as well as f rorrFlndiana, which he had carried In 18S4, Mr. Cleveland's to tal of 276 electoral votes would have been reduced by the loss of New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland and West Virginia to 207, and the' electoral votes of these states transferred to general Harrison would have elected him. . In neither of his campaigns did Mr. Bryan carry a sin gle one of these six Eastern States; in fact.' he lost all of them by large ma Jorlties that could be Interpreted only as determined repudiation of Mr. Bryan and the principles he stood for. It is most significant of the v.ant of faith of Mr. Bryan's friends in him as the Presidential candidate that they are never heard to say that he would have a flighting chance to carry one or more of these Eastern States if he should obtain the nomination again. With the exception of Maryland, which Mr Bryan lost in both of his campaigns, they have continued to elect Republi can Governors and Legislatures since 1S96. To justify their opinion .that his can didacy would not be entirely futile, Mr. Bryan's friends must claim for him a large number of Western States which have been as regularly Republican since 1896 as the Eastern States which have always declared against htm. Al lowing Mr. Bryan the solid South, In cluding Kentucky, he would have 135 electoral votes; add Missouri, Oklaho ma, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Utah and Wyoming, the number would ba 180; give him Indiana, Nebraska and South Dakota, it' would rise to 207; throw in Kansas and California, which would increase his tally to 227 votes, and he would still be short 15 of the number required to elect, which will be 242; transfer Michigan's 14 votes to his column and he would still be in the minority in the electoral col lege. Thus it may be seen how utj terly vain would Mr. Bryan's candi dacy be unless he could convert the East, which no intelligent observer be lieves for a moment lie could do. If the East rejected Mr. Bryan, there would be no hope tor Hiim unless he brought aliout a political revolution In the great Middle West, of which there is no sfgn at all. It is to be noted that Mr. Bryan made a very much worse showing in 1900 than in 1896 In Western states which are al lowed him, for the sake of exposition, In the above calculation. In Indiana the Republican plurality Increased from 18,181 to 26.470; Kansas changed from a Bryan plurality of 12,269 to' a McKlnley plurality of 23,354, and Nebraska from a Bryan plurality of 13,576 to one for Mc Klnley of 7822, while South' Dako.ta s;ave McKlnley In 1900 a plurality ot 14.9S6 In place of a Bryan advantage of 183 in 18; in California the Republican plurality In creased frbm 2797 to 39.770; and in Mis souri the Democratic plurality fell from 58.727 to 37.830; Michigan gave McKlnley 56.868 in 1896 and 79.384 in 1900; Wyoming, which had recorded a Bryan plurality- of 583 in -1896, gave McKlnley 4318 in 1900; and Utah, which went for Mr. Bryan by 51,033 plurality in 1S96, turned Republican by 2133 in 1900. In snort, Mr. Bryan was a much weaker candidate In the West In 1900 than he was in 1896, and In both campaigns he polled almost the entire Populist vote. .The Middle West today, outside of Min nesota, where John A. Johnson is Gov ernor, is Incorrigibly Republican. In vain will the election statistics be scanned for a vestige of evidence favor able to the fortunes of Mr. Bryan as a Democratic candidate. With the East remaining the enemy's country and the West unchanged, no candidacy more fu tile than Mr. Bryan's could be conceived by the student of contemporary, politics. Dog and Alligator Close Friends. Memphis Dispatch to the New York Herald. Jim,. an alligator, and Towser, a dog, the property of C. C Merz, ot 178 South Front street, have formed a friendship which is one of the most re markable in animal -.life. They even sleep together under the platform where their master has his work bench. - vh' . The alligator, which is now six feet long,, has been the property of Mr. Merz ever since it was a baby, 17 years ago. It is a pet and travels all over the house. He stops eating about the 1st of De cember and fasts until June. During this period he remains in a sluggish condition Ills usual diet during his "eating period" consists of raw beef, Varied with an occasional rat. In the Summer he is active and has established a reputation as a pigeon catcher. When - an. unwary pigeon lights near Jim in the back yard, there is a quick snap and the pigeon is gone. JndKe Telia Wife to Don Breeches. Atlanta Dispatch in New York World. "Mrs. Jackson," said Judge Broyles recently, "you should certainly don the breeches in your home. Let your hus band wear the dresses. You are the one who should rule." The case was brought to court through the action of the husband in ordering from his wife's boarding.house Mtfs Ida Thompson, a pretty young .woman, who went to church on Sunday with a young man who did not meet the approval of Mr. Jackson. Mra. John Jackson objected to the course of her husband, and he slapped her face Then she picked up a chair. "I tried to kill him.", said the wife. "I am quiet and peaceable so long as 1 am treated right, but when my anger is aroused the very old Nick is In me." Mrs. Jackson is the mother of 10 chil dren. The Judge fined the husband. Wealthy Man na Car Conductor. Kalamazoo, Mich., Dispatch in New York World Superintendent Garrett, of the Kala mazoo Street Railway has received an application for a position as car con. duiitor from A. S. Armstrong, of Mex- 'ico, Mo. The. men are old friends, and Garrett says Armstrong owned an en tire "downtown block in the Missouri town and enough other real estatu to make his fortune $200,000. Armstrong gives no reason for seeking a $2.a-day job except that he has sold his real estate to his brother. 'ARB PARTIES A NECESSITY f Primary Law Say They Are, bat State ment No. 1 Says) Not. Eugene Rcsrister. The primary election law says polit ical parties are a necessity, then State ment No. 1 is injected declaring they are not. But the primary law is right In Its declaration that political parties are a necessity, and being a necessity they should be maintained, and in order to be maintained. Republican Legisla tors should vote for a Republican can didate for Senator and Democrats for a Democratic Senator. But to sifrn Statement No. 1 is to deprive the Dem ocrat or Republican of the privilege of standing by his party, which the pri mary law declares is necessary to do. Some candidates and many'voters have an idea that a legislative candidate must sign Statement No. 1 In order to conform to the law. This is a mis take. Any candidate can make his own statement and the statement every Re publican candidate for the Legislature should make, to be consistent with himself and his party, should be to the effect that he will support for United States Senator the Republican -lsen as such aX the June election. Every Democratic legislative candidate sjiould do likewise, then the United, States Senator would be elected on the first ballot from the two Sunatorial candidates presented to them by a popular vote of tho people. That feature of the primary law which gives the voters the right to make . choice of Senatorial candidates within their own party lines to he voted on by the Legislature, is all right and should be continued until such time as, by Federal enactment we shall hftve ' a constitutional amendment, vest ing In the voters the solo authority in naming direct the choice for United States Senator. It eliminates political bosses and admits free expresslnn of the public will In the matter and event ually, when the Federal amendment is adopted, both the old parties will be purged of bosses and scheming poli ticians and party lines will be drawn more closely in the Senatorial struggle than they are today, for the Individual voter will take pride in the power his vote exercises just as he now exem plifies that pride in eloctlon of Presi dent of the United States, and there fore clings more closely to his parti sanship in a Presidential election than in any -other party contest. But until such time as this Federal change takes place, the only way to prevent degen eracy of both parties is for the legis lative candidates in this state to stand by -party principles which the primary law declares .is necessary and utilize, that principle In voting for United States Senator. PROTECTION FOR VANISHING EI.KS Uerer for Hunted Anlmnla ' la Asked by Oreeoo Audnbon Society. PORTLAND.' Feb. 4.-(To the Editor.) In last Sunday's Oregonlan I read kn account of an "Exciting Elk Hunt in the Nehalem Mountains." It described how three men, aided by dogs, killed an en tire family the bull, the cow, and the calf. This was exciting from some points of view, interesting from other stand points, but I can't help saying it was full of pathos to me. I have no criticism to offer against the hunter, when he keeps within the limits of the law. The Oregon law permits the killing of elk. . Our sister states know well that the elk needs protection to save It from extermination. It is a crime to kill one of these animals in California or Washington. Not so. in Oregon. Some people even thought the last Legis lature would give protection to the scat tered remnants of this noble species. It Is commonly known that elk are ex ceedingly scarce In this state. Dr. T. S. Palmer, of the Biological" Survey, has been making an effort to locate the last few bands that are now left In our moun tains. A few were reported in tho Ne halem country, but this number is evi dently reduced. A band was reported about the head waters of the Clackamas, but some of them likely fell during our last open season. ' Some were 'seen in the Alsea country, but a number of skillful hunters went after these. . Our last few bands of elk are wild and are making a stubborn fight in the wild est mountain haunts where they have been driven. But to every elk in the State of Oregon, there are hundreds of hunters equipped with. the best long-range" rifles, and dogs well trained to do the work. I have no doubt we shall in the future elect law-makers who will protect our elk. As the years pass, sentiment crystal lizes until we get results. Even It the last wild elk has been shot, a few of his weakened brothers may still find a lin gering existence in' our park. The name will always be perpetuated in the Benev olent Protective Order of Elks. Our chil dren can read historie.3 and visit the mu seums to see the mounted specimens. But even then, I suppose, some of us will not be satisfied, but will turn from the pictures, the statues, and the well mounted specimens and go back into the rugged mountainous parts and try to find some pleasure tramping the trails the elk have trod. WILLIAM L. FINLEY. President Oregon Audubon Society. Snveu and Taken Home a Marooned Dos; Philadelphia Inquirer. Into the ice cold water of Cooper Creek, Samuel Floyd, of Sixth and Leid streets. Camden, N. J., plunged and swam to the opposite bank, a distance of 200 feet, to rescue a stranded dog that was almost dead from starvation and exposure. Floyd' is employed In the Camden Iron Vv'orks, and while eat ing his dinner he saw the dog ma rooned on a small island. It aroused his sympathy, and putting aside his dinner pail, he removed his coat and Jumped into the water, seized the dog, swam back with him, gave him part of his meal, and took him home when he quit work. Scbumann-HeinU'fi Sonn to Sing, New Yox-k Times. Madame Schumann. Hoink, the fa mous contralto, says: I have a secret for.yoxi. Two of my sons, Henry and Hans, are at present studying in Chi cago and both are going to have won derful bass voices. Thoy will both be sinjring in opera before I myself have finished. Isn't it marvelous? I am so happy about it. All. my life I have worked hard, but at lust I have ar rived at my goal. I have a home for my' family and I am thoroughly hap py. And I think that It has made my voice deeper and more settled, the knowledge that I myself am settled at last." A FEW SQVraS. "Only a million. I got the Duke cheap." "But you mus remember, dear, that it isn't the first cost that counts." Louisville Courier-Journal. I always try to treat my maid as if she .were a member of the family." "Gracious, how do you fret her to put up with it?" Chicago Record-Herald. "Is your husband a-erse to taking the initiative in ' any energetic action?" "Xo. sir. he nln't not h in' o the kind. He's" jest plain down lazy." Baltimore American. .Passenger Boatman, hadn'-t we better bail her, out? She's half full of water. Irish boatman Och, niver mind, mt. Sure she'll run over when she's quite full Punch. "It's just an ordinary bolt, , vou sej," said the man. "You .ought to be able to duplicate it for 25 cent or so." "Oh. guess, bo." replied the machinist. It for Mr, RicMey's motor car, you know," con tinued the man. "Oh. er that bolt will cost you $2.30" Philadelphia press. "There have been times," said the actor manager, "when I have alied, real tears." "An. when you" have been in jrreat sympa thy with the part you were playing," sug gested 'the matinee girl. "No, when T .have biid my own money in the show." replied, the actor-manager, with a tinge of sad remembrance In his tone. Philadelphia Record. BOOKS BSBNT - MINDKDXESS larsely rules the life of an eminent Berlin. Germany. philosopher-author, so much so that It is with difficulty his wife can Induce him to attend to his meals and even pay slight attention to his so cial duties.. The professor can't bear any social function that means separation from his beloved h oks. Not so vrvy long ago, his wife announced that theif sliver wedding anniversary would occur on a particular day. and suRsestPd that a society tea be given in honor of the occasion.- "Excellent idea," said the professor, and he graciously promised lo lend di tinctlon to the event by attending in person. The fateful evening came, and the guests began to arrive, when it was discovered that the lion of the occasion wasn't there. The professor's wife etartcd to search for him and discovered him in the library, with the door locked. "Hcinrlch." she called in a stage whlftpcr, as sht vigorously rattled the door, "come out. The people have ar rived." "Johanna," answered a deep, bass voice, "I am busy finishing such-and-such a chapter of my new hook, and I don't want to bo so oft,en lniprrupted. Tell those people to come back when wo have our golden wedding, and I Khali then try to attend. Auf wledersehcn'." Harper's Weekly has a great drawing caul for the ensuing year when It an nounces the serial publication in i'i columns of a new novel by Robert Hlchens, entitled "A Spirit In Prison." After "The Garden of Allah." anything that Mr. Hichens writes In fiction, is of more than ordinary moment. Some of the humor in Rndyard Kipling, the novelist, must surely- be traced to his maternal grandfather, Rev. G. B. Mac Dnnnld. The story is told that as a young man. Mr. MacDonald wooed and won tho daughter of a strict Methodist. The latter was a man of ice-cold propriety, and looked on demonstrations of affection a3 acts of the devil. One evening, this ultra moralist happened rather suddenly to enter his family 'parlor, where young MacDonald and his daughter were, and was inexpressibly shocked to find ' that the two young folks were occupying the same chair! "Mr. MacDonald," said the agitated father, "when I courted my wife she always sat at one side of the room, and I at the other." "Well," said the unabashed lover, with outting sarcasm, "that's what I should have done, if I had courted your wife." Of the combination of Tutnam's Monthly and The Reader, now under, the management of the Bobbs-Merrill Company, of Indianapolis, the Publishers' W'eekiy says: It is announced from Indianapolis that a reorganization has been effected in connection with the Bobbs-Merrill Company which will bring $130,000 new capital into the business and provide for its continunnce under the same management. The amount involved In ' the settlement is, approximately, $750,000, and most of tho merchandiee . creditors have acceded to the proposition for settlement of 25 per cent tn cash within '30 days and 25 per cent in one. two and three-year notes, with interest. It is understood1 that the hanks of In dianapolis, which are Involved to the ex tent of about $250,000, have also made arrangements whih will Insure their con tinuous support of the concern. The tangible assets, exclusive of plates, are understood to be approximately J'ioO.oOO, leaving a deficit of $125,000 to be offset by plates, copyright and- other Intangible assets estimated as high as $300,000, and by the new working capital. The busi ness of the. firm especially in law books and miscellaneous books, has shown a profit approximating on the average $15, 000 a year for the past nine years." Justin McCarthy in a Iyondon letter to tho Independent tells of some remarkable novels Just published there, the ohlof of which he considers to be "The Dance of Love," written by Dion Clayton Calthrop, a grandson of Dion Bouclcault, the actor. Quite a group of new books on econom ics and sociology is promised before long. In a measure, Professor A. Iaw rence Ijowcll's "England" belongs to the same mental class as Bryce's "The American Commonwealth." Professor Archibald Cary Coohdgc, of Harvard, makes a critical study of the. interna tional position of the United States in "The United States as a 'World Power." Putnam Weale has written with his ac customed insight concerning "The Coming Struggle in the East." Dr. liannis Taylor has gathered the fruits of many years' study into his book on "The Science of. Jurisprudence." in sociological works, the discussion of socialism Is naturally prominent. H. G. Well's "New Worlds for Old" and Robert Hunter's "The So cialists at Work" are specifically devoted to phases of this topic. Professor Ed ward A. RifKS' "Social Psychology" opens up a new field, while Professor Hutton Webster's "Primitive Secret Societies" Is a notable study In anthropology. John Graham 'Brooks' "As Others Sec Us" is primarily a critical work from a novel point of view. Professor William Ben nett Munro's "Tho Government ot Euro pean Cities" is supplemented by Pro fessor John A. Ualrlie s "Essays in Muni cipal Administration." Practical con siderations are to the fore in 1'rofet.snr Charles Sumner Loblngler's "Popular Participation in Law Making," and Robert H. Fuller's "Government by the People." - So, Jack Iondon has turned up, with a new novel of 140,000 words. To tell the truth, he arrived frr.m the South seas sooner than expected.- The title of Winston Churchill's new novel, which Is to be published this Spring, is "Mr. Crewe's Career." ' . . Tlfe publishers of Miss Zona Gale's "The Loves of Pcllcas and Etarre" have Just sent the book to press for a new edition. They report that Miss Gale's book, which was published early " in the Fall, is now selling better than at any time before Christmas. ' Readers who remember the book culled "An American Girl in London," and a great many will reincmher it. for it was one of the popular books of ten years ago, will welcome the announcement that Mrs. Everard Cotes has written another story on a theme not altogether different, "A Canadian Girl In London." The new book is said, however, to differ not'only as to plot, hut In' point of view, and to contain In the form of a witty story. Sir Gilbert Fc.rkor recommends a simple method whereby one may possess tho books one would like to possess. "I have often said- to myself," ho remarked re cently to a London audience, " 'I cannot afford to buy that book." And then I have said again, 'My dear fellow, if you will fast for one day you can buy thrpe of them.'- It is a book for a meal." The Chicago Madrigal Club is offering a prize of 50 for .an' original poem to bo u.:ed In its musical competition uf 10w. The conditions of the competition, which . should Interest all poets, whether they mean to try for the prize or not. may be had by addressing D. A. Clippinger, 410 Kimball Hall, Chicago.