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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (July 28, 1902)
THE MORNING OREGONIAN, MONDAY, JULY 28, 1902. f He rjetjotttcm, TCatcri ed at the Postofflce at Portland. Oregon, as econd-class matter. REVISED SUBSCRIPTION RATES. "Br -Mail (postage prepaid. In Advance) jDally, with Sunday, per month Daily, Eund&y excepted, per year j Sally, with Sunday, per year " Bundar. per year f rx The Weekly, per year Sx She Weekly. 8 month w To City Subscribers Pally, per week, delivered, Sunday c,epted.l5o Pally, per week, delivered. Sundays Included. J POSTAGE RATES. United States, Canada end Mexico: 30 to 14-page paper r 14 to 28-page paper " .Foreign rates double. News or discussion Intended for publication la The Oregonlan should be addressed Invaria Wy "Editor The Oregonlan." not to the name or any Individual. Letters relating to adver tising, subscriptions or to any business matter ahould be addressed simply "The Oregonlan." Eastern Business Offlce, 43, 44. 45. 47. 48. 43 Tribune building. New Tork City; 810-11-1-SWbune building. Chicago: the S. C. Beckwlth Special Agency, Eastern representative. Per sale In San Francisco by L. - Lee. Pal me Hotel news- stand: Goldsmith Bros., 230 Butter street; F. W. Pitts. 1003 Market street: 3. K. Cooper Co. 740 Market street, near the Palace Hotel; Foster & Orear. Ferry news tand; Frank Scott. 80 Ellis street, and N. IWheatley. 813 Mission street. For sale In Los Angeles by B. F. Gardner. 880 So. Spring street, and Oliver & Haines. 303 o. Bprins street. For sale In Sacramento by Sacramento News 3Do.. 423 K street. Sacramento. Cat .For sale In Vallejo. Cal.. by N. "Watts, 405 Georgia street. For eln In fThtcnirn Y,v th P. O. NeWS CO.. S17 Dearborn street, and Charles .MacDonald, V3 'Washington street. For tale in Omaha "by Barkalow Bros.. 1012 arnam street: Megeath Stationery Co., 1303 IFarnam street. (For sale in Salt Lake by the Salt Lake News Co.. 77 W. Second South street. .For sale In Minneapolis by K, G. Hearsey & Co.. 24 Third street South. For sale In Washington, D. C, by the Ebbett Bouse new stand. (For sale in Denver, Colo., by Hamilton & Kendrlck. 000-312 Seventeenth street: Louthan lfc Jackson Book & Stationery Co.. 18th and SLawrence street; A. Series, Sixteenth and Cur $1 streets. the gold of Alaska would have bene fited our currency situation nothing, and the gold that crossed the Atlantic would have gone east Instead of west The utter error of the Bryanlc pro posals of 1895, will forever stamp their authors as wanting in sense or in hon esty. No ingenious after-thoughts, la boriously contrived and couched In se ductive phrase, .no lapse of time and fading of partisan fury, can ever re deem the Chicago platform from the just execration of intelligence and in tegrity. The only mantle that can ever cover It is the mantle of oblivion; and in Sir. Bryan's perpetual revival of its dangerous doctrines he keeps In vigor ous repair the solid wall that separates him from the confidence and support of the American people. TODAY'S WEATHER Fair; slightly warm er; northwest winds. TESTERDAT'S WEATHER Maximum tem perature, 70; minimum temperature, 82; pre cipitation, none. 1 ORTLAAD, MONDAY, JULY 28, 1902. DEFENSE OF BRYAN EXAMINED. I The Oregonlan has received, from a reader to whoso opinion It usually at taches weight, this complaint: , I have never been able to understand the Vindictive resentment with which you pursue )the character and the utterances of W. J. faryan, whose private and public record, whoee loyal and affectionate support from millions of fvoters, must always give him an eminent blace In American history In fact. In the his tory of the world. Though he Is not now a fcandldate. and though you aro continually pro cessing that the money Question Is dead, you lose no -opportunity, and If tbero Is no ob Vlous opportunity you make one; to asperse hlr. Bryan'e doctrines, and even his motives. have special reference to this assertion In to day's Issue of jour paper: A significant and timely contribution to this Interesting Inquiry Is offered by Mr. Bryan In his Boston speech. That picturesque dema gogue never tires of the refreshing assumption that the heavy output of gold since 1800 fully Justifies the demand of that year for the eit her basis. Nothing could bo more idiotic or cnore Insolent. It will be clear to any Impartial mind that you have not stated Mr. Brjan'a Boston speech lialrly. and with all your denunciation of Jilm you have never been able to disprove his as eextlon ihat Increased output of gold by 1m ' .proving the times proves tho truth of the bl xnetallst d.emand for an Increased volume of ' Iffloney. Portland, July 27. Tho complaint that Bryaiis argu ments are not editorially presented as attractively as possible doubtless has something in it. The moral turpitude of dressing out evil in engaging garb 3ms long been recognized. The danger of financial dishonor is so great as to Justify warlike measures against It No jone shall ever say that The Oregonlan represents the manifold iniquities of Bryaniem In such fascinating colors as to augment their availability. It ren v "dered no such service to copperheadism 'in 1S64, to anti-imperialism in 1900, and expects to pursue a kindred course with Ireference to like errors in the future. Jt will offer no aid or encouragement o those who conceal the enemies of the state within the harmless appearing wooden horse of sympathy for the toll lng masses and opposition to monopoly. JWhat Mr. Bryan said at Boston was eccurately. reported in The Oregonlan of Friday, as follows: The Administration, having carried on a brief end successful war, fell heir to the enthusiasm, which usually attends a victorious conflict, an unexpected Increase In tho supply (of new gold and an unexpected Influx of Euro ?ean gold, due to largo crops here and a gamine abroad. Increased prices, relieved the fetress of hard times and gave to the people (the benefits that always flow from a growing ."Volume of money. While the advantages which followed a larger volume of money Indicated Ithe principle contended for by blmctallsts, Ithey were appropriated by the party in power land those who were Influenced by conditions (without attempting to realize the causes gave the Republican party credit for an Increasing prosperity. "The advantages which followed, a jlarger volume of money indicated the iprlnciple contended for by bimetallsts" t these advantages being "the benefits ?that always flow from a growing vol ume of money." If this means any thing. It means that the course of events justified the Democratic mone tary proposals of 1896. But those pro posals were" not for "a growing volume of money," but for free coinage of 50- cent token dollars, which are not money, but a substitute for money. The Brjv enlc recipe was the same in principle ;as the proposal to emit paper notes. An Inflation of the currency with fiat or lliaif-flat instruments of exchange bears io real or constructive resemblance to the actual increase of real money, that te, of gold, from stimulated production ' Media of exchange, to be serviceable or industrially potent, must pass into the circulation. Under the sliver basis there was a great deal of gold in India and China, but It was hoarded, driven out of the circulation by the cheaper sil ver. Mexico has coined $125,000,000 of gold, and though $8,000,000 or so is still remaining in the country, there is little or none in circulation. No matter how much gold a country mines and coins, If It is on a debased and fluctuating paper or silver standard, the gold does not help the circulation It is driven Into export or hiding. The gold we gained from Europe and Alaska did tis some good, and Imparted the bene fits of which Mr. Bryan treats, because we had taken the gold standard and men parted freely with their gold on a basis of 100 cents to the dollar. In full confidence of receiving 100 cents, not 50 cents or 47 cents on the dollar six months or a yiear afterward. It is the utter condemnation of the specious Bryanlc claim that under the proposal of- "blmetallsts" In 189G this accession of gold to the circulation would have been nullified. Free coin age of silver at 16 to 1 would have sent us to the silver basis of China or Mex ico, with the certain expulsion of gold from the circulation. "We should not have had "a growing volume of money," RISE IN FEDERAL EXPENDITURE. Some alarm is expressed as to the increasing size of Congressional appro priations, in bulk and per capita. The present Congress has used approximate ly 51,000,000,000 of public money, and only one of its two sessions has been held. "We may have, therefore, Instead of a "billion-dollar Congress," a two-billlon-dollar one. Since 1S73 our ap propriations have increased 300 per cent and our population but 100 per cent. Where is this tendency to stop, and does It not forebode National extrava gance and financial trouble? There are two answers to this pes simistic view, and they are cogent enough to allay any immediate alarm. It Is worth noting, preliminarily, that nobody is greatly alarmed, the people or the Democratic politician who can always be depended upon to raise a storm of protest at the slightest provo cation. "What fear exists has to be pumped up with considerable effort. There must be adequate explanation, and there is. In the first place, expenditures and the supplying taxes are not burdensome. The Federal Government gets its money from duties on Imports and from Inter nal revenue. Nobody feels the tax on sugar or beer, tobacco, woolens or steel. Unjustly excessive as some of these taxes are, the objection to them Is moral and theoretical rather than from a sense of weighty oppression. Efforts to reduce the tariff encounter opposi tion or apathy from the masses as well J as from the protected trusts. The only zealous practical tariff reformers In the country today are those corporations and manufacturers who hope through reciprocity to extend their sales abroad. Nobody complains of customs duties, which bring In nearly half of our Na tional revenues, because the taxation is burdensome. Nor is the other main source of re ceipts, the Internal revenue, oppressive. Before the war with Spain we collected some 5150,000,000 a year from liquors, tobacco, etc. "We Increased these taxes so as to produce 5300,000,000 a year. No body complained at this -extra 5150,000, 000 of taxes, except the distillers, brew ers and tobacco men, who continued to amass wealth. The Increased duties have been taken off, and the brewers, etc., will make more money than ever. The tax of 2 cents each on bank checks was taken off. The Government might as well have continued it. A small tax like that Is all the revenue the Gov ernment gets from, many persons rich enough to keep a bank account. The Internal revenue is not burdensome. Now as to the expenditures. The fear that reckless extravagance has per vaded all departments of Government activity is disproved by the fact that the extra expenditures are readily lo cated, and then are seen to be confined to certain well-defined spheres of op eration. Our executive, legislative, ju dicial and diplomatic services cost about what they did thirty years ago. The Increases are chargeable to Army and Navy, rivers and harbors, and pub lic buildings. The war with Spain has entailed upon us an enormous expense, which the Nation has met, however, un complainingly and even cheerfully. The determination of President McKinley and President Roosevelt to maintain the Nation's sovereignty when estab lished and wherever assailed has had enthusiastic popular support, regard less of expense. Pacific expansion has been Indorsed, not primarily as a money-making proposition, but chiefly from patriotic impulses, accompanied also by the belief that the Philippine Islands and our participation In the Chinese difficulties will eventually re dound to our great material welfare. An adequate Army and a Navy worthy of comparison with the best of Europe are part of our National doctrine. The money required is large in amount, but it is not grudged. Every thinking person must have been at some time in his life Impressed by the ease with which the Federal Government raises its millions, and the totally different conditions of difficulty and annoyance with which school dis tricts, cities, counties and states sup port themselves through direct taxes. Under the system devised by the found ers of our Government, the Federal au thorities retain exclusive use of customs and internal revenue, these most scien tific and fertile sources of Income being denied to the states and smaller gov ernmental organizations. No farmer feels the tax on sugar or beer, but every farmer feels the state, county and school tax. It is a perfectly logical and inevitable outgrowth of this situation that the Federal Government is called upon to extend its field of operations. If the local governments had the cus toms and. internal revenues at their command, and the Federal Government were forced to rely upon direct taxa tion, there would be no bills in Con gress for rivers and harbors, public buildings, forest preservation, light houses, agricultural colleges, suppres sion of riots, protection of fish and game, conservation of water supply, free rural mail delivery, etc., etc As It is, the General Government is called upon In increasing degree for these ob jects of local importance and concern. Far-seeing Democrats, like Jefferson and Tilden, have had to waive the general doctrine of limitation of the Government to its natural functions of governing, and advocate internal im provements. The only pertinent question about these increased expenditures, therefore, is as to their fair apportionment and honest administration; and on this head the tendency is marked, in the right di rection. The reckless fashion in which public money was once scattered about, regardless of the merits of clamorous applicants, has given place to a more circumspect and conscientious practice. The intermediary that haa been evolved to bring this about is the ele vation of permanent bureaus In "Wash ington to places of authority and power. River and harbor Improvements, for example, are practically guided by the United States Corps of Engineers, whose most final with Congresa Public build ings have to run the gauntlet of the Architectural Bureau in the Treasury Department; the Bureau of Forestry Is potent regarding reserves, the Pension Bureau holds a decided check upon the exuberance of Congress, the Department of Agriculture is consulted about the use of money that will pass through Its hands. How effective the "War, Navy and State Departments can be come la the matter of appropriations is shown in a multitude of Instances which space forbids to enumerate. A powerful Incidental check to ex travagant and burdensome legislation Is afforded in the sobering sense of ac countability which high responsibility always breeds in the man of honest life and sound purpose. This Is exemplified in our Presidents, our Cabinet officers, our Speakers and our chairmen of com mittees. Newspaper publicity, the ac tivity of the opposition and the ever watchful eye of the whole people com bine to render almost Impossible a repe tition of the scandalous jobs which were formerly wont to darken the halls of Congress. 32,500,000, that of Austria-Hungary is 45,000,000, and it is a notable fact that during these later years of large emi gration the home Increase has been large, rather above than below the av erage. In Italy, for example, the in crease per cent per annum" "has ranged as follows: From 1S48-1S61, d.450; from 1861-1871, 0.4; from 1871-1881, 0.619; from 1881-1901,. 0.733. The last census exceed ed the estimates, and Indicated that the country was likely to pass France within the next quarter of a century. Wo should say that these returns from the south of Europe afford a most strik ing testimony to the industrial prosper ity or the United States and the con comitant demand for cheap labor. The dangers of these poor but hard-working classes are mostly sentimental. So long as productive enterprise absorbs them, little Is to be feared of their dis content and lawlessness. Riots of Ital ians and Poles are not so common as race riots of pure Americans, both South and North. Anarchists, of course, should be refused and suppressed re gardless of nationality; but they come from stolid Germany as well as Imagin ative' Italy. IXTE3IPERATE TEMPERANCE. We are favored with a copy of the New Voice, prohibition organ of Chi cago, which accusss The Oregonlan of ignorance and unfairness. Perhaps we cannot do better In the way of reply than by reproducing a few gems from this same issue of the New Voice, wherein Its fairness and general en lightenment stand out with almost startling distinctness. Thus, the New Voice says: Dr. John Potts, chairman of the lesson com mittee of the International Sunday School Con vention, thundered forth his denunciation of the unfair assaults upon tho committee. "The grandest temperance organization on the top of the earth is the Sunday school, and the ac tivities connected wtlh the Sunday school. . . . Every Sunday school In the world Is true to the principles of temperance and total abstinence." That sounds well. It Is dishon est, of course, and Intentionally dishonest. - Whatever view one may take of the ques tion of Sunday opening at the St. Louis fair, even If one Is prepared to concede the utmost demand of the beer barons, for whom It seems these great expositions are created, the gyra tions of the Treasury Department In the mat ter of the contract required by the law of Con gress as essential to the paying of the fS.OOO. 000 of the people's money given to the exposi tion looks little less than rascally and ras cality In a department of the Federal Govern ment Is not only bad. but perilous. That there was a plot on foot to sell out the moral public, get the money and run the fair wide open. Is attested "by facts that are In no way dependent upon the testimony of Dr. Crafts, good testimony though It Is. That Treasury of ficials were parties to this scheme Is cleat enough. Because some Sunday school work ers doubt whether the temperance les sons of the International course should be perpetuated indefinitely, the New Voice will cheerfully brand as dishonest every Christian worker that will not follow its dictation. Because the St. Louis Fair may be partly open on Sun day in disregard of the demands of ex tremists, the New Voice hastens to as sure its readers that expositions are gotten up solely for the "beer barons," and that the Government of the United States Is a conspirator to "sell out the moral public." It Is precisely this run ning amuck among churches and the Government that Iras established the Irrefragable claim of the New Voice to enlightenment and fairness. Temper ance and tolerance are loudlj- demand ed by the New Voice, and their need could not receive more ample demon stration than is afforded in its own columns. The Interesting charge Is brought against the farmers that they have lg nomlniously failed to keep the under taking to supply the country with wool, as was promised on their behalf by the advocates of the Dlngley tariff. In 1890 the per capita consumption In this country of wool handled by American manufacturers was a trifle over six pounds. In the census year of 1900 the average consumption was only five and a half pounds. The people were more prosperous In 1900 than In 1890, but they used less wool per head. But the last census year showed an Increased con sumption of cotton per capita as com pared with the preceding census year. The American manufacturers used In 1890 1,193,000,000 pounds of cotton, and In 1900 1,910,000,000 pounds. In the first- named year 372,700,000 pounds of wool were used, as against 412,300,000 two years ago. There have been times when the per capita consumption of wool In the United States was 50 per cent greater than it was In 1900. The Amer ican people, so many of whom live In northern latitudes, would use wool more freely If they could get It more cheaply. The situation lends point to the Indict ment brought against the farmer and the tariff by the Chicago Tribune, which says: The high duties on wool havo not had the promised effect. It was asserted that If the sheepralsera were well protected such a stim ulus would be given to the production of wool that this country would become quite Inde pendent of foreign supplies and the decline In price would ensue which has ensued In the case of other protected products. What has proved true In other Industries has not proved true in the raw wool Industry. The woolen manufacturers are not supplied by the Amer ican flock masters with sufficient quantities of the different kinds of wool they need. There 1 has been a regrettable decrease In the con sumption of wool per head. Tho protected sheepralsera are not keeping their part of tho bargain made with them, and as a consc? quence the people are obliged to use less wool. Lower duties on that article will give the sheepralsera all the 'protection they are enti tled to and give Americans an opportunity to wear better clothing. While there is undoubtedly some truth in this view, it Is of no present Importance or concern. Wool is high In price, and he who would tamper with the tariff under such circumstances would get only opprobrium for his pains. The Tribune will be framing tariff bills in that Utopian era when customs duties are levied in the inter ests of the consumer. AN OLD LANDMARK RECALLED. St Louis Globe-Democrat: The opening of the Fort Laramie reser vation, which was dealt with by an act passed at the recent session of Congress, will recall to the memory a landmark fwhlch hundredB still living saw and which tens of thousands still alive knew in the Indian stories of a third or a half a century ago. Fort Laramie, situated In tho eastern part of the present Wyo ming, on Laramie River, close to its en trance Into the North Platte, was built In 1S34 by William L. Sublette, of St. Louis, and Robert Campbell, well-known fur dealers of their day, had Bfeveral names and several successive owners, was bought by tho Government in 1S49, was garrisoned many years as a protec tion to immigrants passing through that region, "but wasi abandoned when the ap pearance of the railroads ana the disap pearance of the Indians in their savage state abolished its occupation. It was the best-known frontier post, fur trading or army, or the old days of the Santa Fe, Oregon, California and Salt Lake trails, except Fort Leavenworth or Bent's Fort, on the Arkansas. Fort Laramie was familiar to every body who in the 40s, 50s or 60s of the re cent century traversed the Oregon or Salt Lake trails. Over In the western end of the present Wyoming, Jim Brldger built a fur-trading post in 1S42. on Black's Fork of tho Green River. On the Oregon trail between these two points, but a little nearer to Brldger than to Lara mie, at an opening separating the Sweet Water from the Wind River Mountains, sections of the great Rocky Mountain chain, stood the South Pass, the gateway to the Pacific Slope. Through that por talmade known popularly to the world through Fremont's report of his explora tion of 1842, which had been visited by many other whlto persons long before Fre mont's time, including Dr. Marcus Whit man and Rev. H. H. Spalding and their wives in 1S36, and which was probably traversed for the first time by white men when some of Andrew Henry's trappers went through It In 1S24 passed most of the human tide which surged from the East and the Mississippi Valley Into the pres ent states of Oregon, Washington and California by the overland route In tho early days. Most persons who went over the Oregon, Salt Lake and California trails knew Fort Laramie. Beyond It on the western course the mountainous re gion began. It was the last flttlng-out place of importance until the Continental Divide was passed. Fremont, who visited It In his explora tion Of 1842, gives a good description of Fort Laramie In his report. One of the other things which Fremont did In that report was to destroy that myth of a great American desert, which was based on tho reports of Pike, Long and one or two of Irving's books. Fremont made a careful record of distances between ford ing places in rivers, pointed out good places in which to camp, showed that cat tle could thrive on the alleged American desert, and mentioned the physical advan tages of the location of Laramie as a fur-trading post on tho route of Immi gration toward the Pacific Slope. The most vivid pictures in Parkman's "Ore gon Trail" are those of Fort Laramie as he saw It In 1845. Writers of Indian tales from Fremont's and Parkman's time often made this post a prominent rallying point in their stories. It was the center of many romantic and tragic events in tha history of the frontier, somo of them more remarkable even than the story writers of Its day located In and around It. It was the site of a reservation for many years, and this, too. Is soon to dis appear. Fort Laramio has dropped out Svllh the buffalo and the Indian, but the passing of the reservation -at that point WjJII recall to the memory of the few survivors of those who saw It In Its great days and to the memory of many thou sands of those who read of It when it was the center of the wild life of the plains, one of the most Interesting of all the landmarks of the vanished Western ironuer. j OLD WIDOWER IN A QUANDARY. COSTLY AND UNENTERPRISING. Tho Columbia Basin should grow many times as many food animals as It now produces, particularly hogs. If the present output were to be quad Tupled next year, there la little doubt that additional packing-houses would come to Portland. But this region al ready sends through Portland to market more animals than are slaughtered here. Of every three hogs brought to Portland but one is slaughtered and packed here. The others go to Puget Sound or California. A large number of animals also go to those markets without passing through Portland, which. If Portland had adequate yard and packing facilities, would certainly come to this market. The producers, slow "as they have been, to Improve their opportunity, have nevertheless gone far beyond the local facilities for curing their product. There Is no doubt In any quarter that If packing-houses and stockyards were to be established In Portland this season with capacity as greatly in excess of present supply as present supply exceeds capacity, the equilibrium would be restored within a twelvemonth, perhaps within six months. The stimulus of a steady and active demand would do the business, and to the great profit of all concerned. There must be a certain balance to these industrial movements. The bur den Is now borne by the producer. Cur ing establishments in this field take what they please at their own prices, and the producer must seek distant markets for his comparatively large surplus. This situation would be easier of endurance If it were not for the fact that while we are sending our live ani mals to distant markets we are also bringing in from those very markets a large part of the cured product con sumed here. Economic suicide is de fined In this arrangement It is Imme diately costly, and It retards industrial development There should be such an adjustment as will give reasonable bal aoce to prdouctlon and consumption, without undue waste at intermediate stages. Large meat-packing establish ments at Portland would supply a fac tor that Is necessary to the growth of the livestock Industry to Its full propor tions In the Northwest. If juries always did their duty, there would have been less readiness to crit icise the verdict in Josephine County finding Gibson guilty of murder In the first degree for shooting to death an aged rancher, B. Schonbachler. The first announcement of the verdict. In which It was made to appear that It came as a surprise to those who heard the evidence and knew the circum stances of the case, seems not to have been entirely uncolored. This much may be said, even admitting that the district attorney, whose statement Is printed elsewhere in this paper, puts the state's side of the case in Its most favorable light Some of the matter he presents could hardly have been before the jury such as the demeanor of the defendant at his first and second trials and yet the jury found present in the crime all the elements of first-degree murder. It must be confessed that the tendency of juries Is in the opposite di rection, toward permitting sentimental considerations or trivial doubts to shield defendants from full justice, particu larly In capital cases. Therefore, in view of all the facts and circumstances of the case, this Josephine County jury appears to have doneits duty well. It Is to be hoped that the agencies relied upon for carrying out that verdict will not fall. The peace and good name of that part of the state require the en forcement of the law against evildoers. merical strength to -keep up a heavy 'but a terrible, ruinous stringency. All recommendation or disapproval Is al-1 emigration. The population of Italy Is Complete returns on the Immigration movement for the year ending with June are at hand, and correspond closely with the preliminary figures commented on some weeks ago. The salient feature of the record Is the marked proportion of Latin and Slav. There was an Increase of 160,825 over the figures of the preceding year, the total being 648,743. Of this total, 457,691, or slightly more than 70 per cent, must be credited to Russia, Austria-Hungary and Italy. Italy, which led last year with 135,996. as against 113,390 for Austria-Hungary and 85,257 for Russia, is still at the head of the procession, but haa not as large a percentage of In crease as Austria-Hungary. The per centages for the three countries are: Italy, 41; Austria-Hungary, 51; Russia, 23. The Italian immigration and the Austrian have each made an annual showing during the last two years that is unequaled In the history of the coun try, except by the German immigration for the years 1881, 1882, 1883 and 1884. Both nations, moreover, have the nu It is not at all strange that Repre sentative Tawney, beet-sugar Insurgent, of Minnesota, Is to encounter deter mined opposition to his renomlnatlon. Four of that gallant band, members from Michigan, have already been beaten for renomlnatlon, namely, Messrs. Aplln, Weeks, Shelden and H. C. Smith. A strong effort is being made to show that their defeat was not due to reciprocity, but to local and per sonal causes. This Is perfectly) natural, but the fact remains that their exploits in ostensible behalf of Michigan beet sugar failed to give any one of the four the indorsement he expected. Antarctic Exploration. New York Evening Post. In the Antarctic the work of penetrating the unknown has been essayed by three vessels the Discovery, Captain Scott, fit ted out under the auspices of tho Royal Geographical Society; the Gauss, carry ing tho German expedition under Erik von Drygalskl; and Dr. Otto Nordensktold's Antarctica, a small vessel of only 350 tons. Captain Scott's plan In general Is to determine the nature and extent of that, portion of the south polar lands which his ship may be able to reach, and to conduct a magnetic survey. It is alto gether likely that he will push to the east ward Into unknown waters in search of mountains reported by Sir James Ross In 1842. To support him, the Geographical Society has purchased and fitted out the relief ship Morgen (or Morning), and a relief ship Is planned should the absence of the Gauss be so prolonged as to cause anxiety In Germany. Dr. Drygalski's aim Is to penetrato to the Antarctic Continent and to explore that uoknown region de scribed on explorers maps as the "En derby Quadrant." In the "Weddell Quad rant" Dr. Nordensklold Is now at work, having wintered on Graham Island, and sent his ship to the Falkland Islands, whence It will return to pick him up In November next Still a fourth expedition, under Mr. Bruce, Is planning to leave on the Hecla for the Weddell Quadrant lhe work of Antarctic exploration Is still In Its Infancy, at best In Its boyhood; the romance and mystery -of the polar seas, north and south, are still destined to sur vive for generations, if not for centuries. Baltimore Sun. The Sun has received the following re quest: Dear Sun: Will you and your readers give me your opinion which makes the best step mother and promises most happiness to a wid ower marrying again a widow or aa unmar ried woman? I kinder lean toward the widow and believe 'tis logic. Yours. WIDOWER. Our correspondent evidently imagines that It Is only necessary for him to make choice among various applicants for the place of stepmother to his children. Per haps he Is fooling himself. But we shall let that pass, for the question he asks Is a serious and meat Important one. A wid ower feels himself Impelled to marry again In order to provide for the care and welfare of his children. It is always con sideration for the children that Induces him to ma'ke the second venture in matri mony. It Is like a man going to the clr-J cus or like a woman spending the Sum mer in the country. It is done on account of the children. Mr. Tony Weller, who had married a widow and found when too late that he had put his foot In It, most unjustly de nounced all widows because his particular widow was an unpleasant lot. He ad monished his son Samuel to beware of them, "for more vldows gets married than single vimmln." It Is undoubtedly true that a widow, as a rule, makes a better business of getting married than one who has had no experience. She has had practice in dealing with men and does not waste her time in foolishness. There was Abigail, the widow of Nabal the Car melite. The very minute that David heard she was a widow he dispatched one of his young men with an offer of his hand In marriage. As oon as the Widow Abigail got the message, what did she do? "And Abigail hasted and arose and rode upon an ass with five damsels of hers that went after her; and she went after the messenger of David and became his wife." She did not lose a minute. If Abigail had been a single woman Instead of a widow she would have probably lost the opportunity. Her first remark would have been: "Oh, this te so sudden!" Then she would have insisted upon seeing David first and promising that she would try to learn to love him, or ask for time to consider, or have engaged In other co quettish devices. It Abigail had done this the chances are that David, who was a very busy man those days, would have moved on and married Abinoam of Jez reel, and Abigail would have been In the soup. But Abigail was a widow, "and Abigail hasted." Then consider how the Widow Ruth landed old Boaz. If she had been a sweet glrl graduate, just fresh from college, she never would have secured that rich and somewhat convivial old agriculturist. All of these things go to show that If a widow has marked our correspondent for her own he might as well go for the li cense and, like Job, "cause the widow's heart to sing for Joy." It has never been quite clear why St. Paul was so averse to young widows. He said they had damnation and that they learn to be Idle, wandering about from house to house, and not only Idle, but tat tlers and also busybodles, speaking things which they ought not. This certainly is strange language from an old bachelor who knew all about Ruth and Abigail and various other discreet and comely young widows whese words were like apples of gold In ploturcs of silver, because they were fitly spoken. But our correspondent must not con clude from the example of Ruth and Abigail that widows are the only nice women or the only good stepmothers.Even vhese two excellent ladles, like many be fore them, had once been single them selves; howbelt they had been chastened by experience, and in tho case of. Abigail at least by adversity. Her first husband was a churl, a son of Belial, nnd then he got disgracefully drunk. What, then, is the conclusion of the whole matter? Which makes the best stepmother for children and wife for a widower? This te a hard question, and who shall answer It? But this far we can go: Thero are some widows who will be In better In these relations than some maidens, and there are some maidens better than some wid ows. As to the claim of our correspond ent that it Is "logic" to marry a widow, we must confess that we cannot discover any relation between logic and widows or betwen logic and any other woman. NOTE AND COMMENT. Playing prizefighter seems to Se even more risky than playing Tracy. ; Tracy, the Sham Hero. Boston Post In estimating tho qualities displayed in this flight of the escaped convict, what do we find In any way heroic, admirable or In the least degree serviceable in an hon orablo career? Physical courage Is thero, to be sure, and so Is dogged persistence against difficulties, and so is resourco in emergencies. But the moral and intellect ual force which renders theso qualities available for any use except such as wild beasts make of them Is lacking. Indeed, the one controlling quality, which alone rendered these others useful to their pos sessor in evading pursuit is selfish bru tality. Any strong man, armed ready to kill, having no regard for human life or for human rights, could lead his pursuers a chase such as Tracy led them through a wild and sparsely settled country with which he was familiar. Trained in crime, merciless, basely treacherous, this man Is not oven distinguished in Infamy. He has not even the claim which Claude Duval, Dick Turpln, Jack Sheppard havo had for a bad eminence. In the romance of crime. Tho mistake of the sentimentalists who find In such a career an evidence of mis directed genius and the perversion of he roic qualities Is that they look only at the physical side of the case. There is no use for strength or courage or shrewdness when the directing mind Is morally dis eased. Such a man could never make a claco for himself In an honest calling, for the reason that It is not in him. Still more does ho lack every essential element of berolera. Roosevelt's Strength With the Peoplo Minneapolis Tribune. In four Important states Pennsyl vania, Missouri, Minnesota and Kansas the Republican State Conventions have pledged support to President Roosevelt for tho Presidential nomination In 1004. Four other states Ohio, Indiana, Michi gan and, Nebraska have Indorsed his ad ministration In terms so pointed as almost to amount to the same thing. Iowa will soon follow one example or the other, probably the former. This Is said to bo without precedence In tho history of poll tics. State conventions rarely Indorse even a "favorite son" for the Presiden tial nomination two years In advance. The action of the Western States Is clear ly due to Roosevelt's exceptional popu larity and to a popular suspicion that the politicians may try to set It up against him. The action of Pennsylvania looks as If the shrewder political leaders wero determined to take advantage of this popularity for their own -purposes, as they did in 1S0O. That impression would be confirmed if New York were to follow tho example of Pennsylvania. Between the Platts and the Quays In the East and the plain people In the West, the President seems to have no occasion to worry about 1901. Novel Robbery In India. Iiondon Express. A mast Ingenious theft Is reported on one of tho railways In Burma. The Burm ese head-covering, it must be understood. Is a silk kerchief, often of considerable value, called "gaungbaung." Some young daredevils attach prickly bushes to long bamboo poles, and when tho mall train passes they yell out, which causes the native passengers to stick their heads out of tho carriage windows. The train la then raked from end to end by means ot the scrubby poles, with the result that the Burman male passengers are deprived ot their .gaungbaungs. Some 27 silk head dresses were thus acquired by the young scamps In one night. The Night. Henry Vaughan. Through that pure virgin shrine. That sacred veil drawn o'er Thy glorious noon. Thai men might look and live, as glow-worms shine And face- the moon: Wis Nlcodemus saw such fight As made him know his God by night No mercy teat of gold. No dead and dusty cherub, nor carved stone. But His own living works did my Lord hold And lodge alone; Where trees and herbs did watch and peep And wonder, while the Jews did sleep. Dear Night! this world's defeat; The stop to busy fools; Care's check, and curb; The day of Spirits; my soul's calm retreat Which none disturb! Christ's progress, and his prayer time; The hours to which high Heaven doth chime. There Is in God some nay A deep, but dazzling darkness; as men here Say it is late and dusky, because they See not all clear. Oh for that Night! where I In Htm 1 Slhjht live Invisible and dim I . PERSOXS WORTH KXOWIXG ATJOUT Tho Emperor of Germany has developed the Goethe relic craze, and la collecting every thing he can lay hands on that ever belonged to the sage of Weimar. Rev. James H. Halpln. of St. Francis de Sales' Church, Herkimer, N. Y., Is president ot the Board of Trade of that town. He Is a keen business man, and has Just celebrated his 20th anniversary In the priesthood. December 17 next will be the 100th an niversary of Louis Kossuth' birthday. The municipality of Budapest Is making prepara tions for a solemn celebration. Including a procession to Koruth's grave, here the foundation stone of a mausoleum will bo laid. On separate days Captain Hobson. of Merrl mac fame, and Evangelist "Sam" Small were attractions at the Plasa Chautauqua Assembly, near St. LouIa Hobson drew the bigger crowd, and St. Louis people are unable to de cide whether to be proud or otherwise of the fact: The London Academy Is authority for the news that Rudyard Kipling might have been knighted along with Gilbert Parker and Conan Doyle, but that he declined the offer. The academy further states that Mr. Lecky refused a peerage, contenting himself with member ship In the now Order of Merit. Thomas and Telfair Stockton, brothers, were candidates for nomination as State Senator by tho Democrats of Jacksonville, Fla. The con test was a hot one. the rivals occasionally re ferring to .each other In terms which would have caused serious trouble but for existing family relations. At the primaries Telfair won by the narrow majority of 3d votes. Mrs. John G. A. Lelshman, wlfo of the United States Minister to Turkey, who re ceived from the Sultan of Turkey the grand cordon of the Order of the Chafakat. 13 the second American woman to be so honored. Mrs. Lloyd Griscom. whoso husband Is Amer ican Minister to Persia, received the highest badge of the decoration from the Sultan Just before she and her husband left for Teheran, early in tho Winter. Ex-Governor Rollins, of New Hampshire, president of the Old Home Week As50clatlon, of that state, has Issued his call to the absent sons and daughters of the Granite State to come home and help celebrate for a week In August. This Institution, which was started by Governor Rollins. Is now in Its fourth year, and shows no signs of falling Into disfavor. Since It was started Vermont. Maine and Mas sachusetts have taken up the idea. Only seven sovereigns of Europe have heirs of their own body to succeed them. The Em peror of Austria, the King- of the Belgians and the King of Roumanla will be succeeded by nephews, the Emperor of Russia and the Sul tan of -Turkey by brothers, and the presump tive successor to the King of Italy's heir Is his cousin, the Duke of Aosta. while the suc cession to the thrones of the Netherlands and Servla may be regarded as In abeyance at present. But for the Spile law, however, the crowns of Russia. Austria, Italy and Bel glum would pass to direct descendants of the present ruler. In tho case of Turkey, the suc cession Is regular, and the Sultanate passing from brother to brother, and nat from father 1 to son. Bryan's latest evidence of his Jefferson Ian simplicity Ss a cruise In a 51,000,000 yacht. The manly and healthful game of haz ing again appears In the West Point curriculum. Our local pastors seem strangely reti cent as to their opinions of tho square ness of the fight It looks like poetic Injustice to take the money Tracy earned by killing Merrill and offer It as a reward for Tracy. Enter the Jeffries-FItfcsImmons contro versy, to follow the waning fame of the admirals from the public stage. The esteemed San Francisco Examiner, It will bo rememberefi. also pointed out that the battle of Manila was a fake. One of the regrettable features of Sat urday night's fistic tragedy is that neither of the principals was a professional. Hon. Charles M. Schwab Is suffering from nervous prostration, which at a million dollars a year many ot us would call not an unmixed evil. Professor Pitler of Nicaragua says: -"We are in the same condition as Martinique. No alarm, however. Is felt" Here is the very man to go out and get Tracy. Colonel FItzsimmons could hardly be ex pected to keep his mouth shut for eight entire rounds, and consequently the re sult of his mix-up with General Jeffries was not unexpected. The Colorado soldier who tried to make an ordinary inspection worth General Funston's while by fracturing a skull la certainly entitled to honorable mention In the General's next after-dinner speech. Mr. Busybody went down town Friday evening to get the prize-fight returns, and by the time he had read a detailed ac count of the proceedings by the radiant glimmer of a friendly arc lamp. It had passed the "last car home" time, and he had to walk. He lucked his paper in his pocket, started off right foot foremost and had accomplished about half the dis tance, when his attention was arrested by a flash of light In a large yard on the op posite side of the street on which he was walking. One o'clock In the morning is not the proper time for lights to flash In yards, and the Busybody had a suspicion that the producer of the flash might be a burglar, or even Tracy, In which case thero was a chance for reward, so mus tering up all his courage, he crossed tho street and called In, a voice more squeaky than bold, "Watche doln' In there?" "What business Is It of yours?" came tho answer In a cold and freezing tone. "It's my business to know what you are after with a dark lantern this time ot night, and It you don't speak up I'll call a cop and have you pinched." "Very kind of j-ou. my friend, but this Is my yard, and I am looking for slugs on my flowers. They only come out at night" "Oh, I thought It was thugs, and I Just want" "Good night," said the man with the light "Wanted to see If I c " "Good night," said the slug-hunter In a tone similar to that used by Old Scrooge when bidding farewell to his nephew. "I could save any of your prop ." A Joor banged, and the Busybody was left to himself, muttering. "Well, that wasn't a very nice way to treat a fellow who was trying to score off a band of burglars, I must say." Anyone who loves dumb animals and who has stopped for a minute or two at one of the busiest corners of tho city, Third and Washington streets, during the recent warm wcathert must have noticed the numbers of dogs which vainly darted here and there In search of a drink of water, to quench their raging thirst Sat urday was a warm day, and as an Oregonlan man stood at Third and Wash ington streets waiting on a trolley car, two teams arrived apparently from out of town, accompanied by two panting, de jected looking dogs. They were coated with duet "Why. my throat is Uke a lime kiln. Let's havo a drink," said on of the drivers, and he and his friend made tracks for tho nearest saloon. If the dogs could have spoken, they would un doubtedly have said: "May we not have a drink, too?" Left to their own devices, the dogs ran here and there, snuffing the ground, and at last In their desperation they lay down In tho half-muddy water that trickles from a waste-pipe, proceed ing from the Dekum building. They roll ed over and over In the liquid, barking with delight, and then they shook them selves, and drank their fill. Their eyes said: "That's good." Then their masters appeared wiping their mustaches, as a sign that their thirst had been attended to. The thought arose In tho minds of at least three per sons who watched the Incident: Why are there not more street fountains where dogs can get a drink of water, during warm weather? There are few such fountains In the City, and the fountains that do exist aro too far removed from main business centers. Why could not dog--fountalns be placed, at reasonable in tervals, at street corners to bo afterward determined? It would be an act of mercy to dumb brutes who cannot speak for themselves, and the work would be fully as beneficial as building a few libraries where headaches and new sets of nerves are developed. Where shall the first fountain for dogs bo located, before the Warm weather passes away? PLEASANTRIES OF PARAGRAPHERS A Slight Drawback. Bllnka The world has a place for everybody. Winks Yes; the only trouble Is there's generally somebody else In It. Town and Country Her Opinion. He I don't know how I'm to make both ends meet. I'm at my wit's end. His Extravagant Wife Well, that Isn't so fat from the beginning. Puck. Teacher It was only yesterday that I saw you throwing stones, and told you you must not do It. Pupil And here I am throwing stone again! It beats all, doesn't It? Boston Transcript. A Dreadful Possibility. Elsie When Is my birthday, mother? Her Mother On the 31st ol this month, dear. Elsie Oh, mother! Sup posing this month had had only 30 days, where would I have been? Brooklyn Life. He Knew. Teacher (to class in geography) And who knows what the people who live In Turkey are called? Class (unanimously) Turks. Teacher Right! Now, who can tell me what those living In Austria are called? Lit tle Boy Please, mum, I know. Ostriches. Judge. Prohibited. "Dear, dear," sighed Mrs. Null wed. "I suppose I'll have to take this receipted bill down to the milliner's myself." "Tou can mall it, can't you?" asked her husband. "No, Indeed. I've eeen those large signs stuck up all over the city which read, 'Post no bills. " Baltimore Herald. Made Matters Worse. Towne My wife 'used to get nervous every time she heard a noise down stairs, but I assured her that It couldn't be burglars, because they're always careful not to make any noise. Browne So that calmed her, eh? Towne Not much. Now she gels nervous every time she doesn't hear any l noise. Philadelphia Press.