THE MORNING OREGONIAN, MONDAY, JULY 28, 1902.
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the gold of Alaska would have bene
fited our currency situation nothing,
and the gold that crossed the Atlantic
would have gone east Instead of west
The utter error of the Bryanlc pro
posals of 1895, will forever stamp their
authors as wanting in sense or in hon
esty. No ingenious after-thoughts, la
boriously contrived and couched In se
ductive phrase, .no lapse of time and
fading of partisan fury, can ever re
deem the Chicago platform from the
just execration of intelligence and in
tegrity. The only mantle that can ever
cover It is the mantle of oblivion; and
in Sir. Bryan's perpetual revival of its
dangerous doctrines he keeps In vigor
ous repair the solid wall that separates
him from the confidence and support
of the American people.
TODAY'S WEATHER Fair; slightly warm
er; northwest winds.
TESTERDAT'S WEATHER Maximum tem
perature, 70; minimum temperature, 82; pre
cipitation, none.
1
ORTLAAD, MONDAY, JULY 28, 1902.
DEFENSE OF BRYAN EXAMINED.
I The Oregonlan has received, from a
reader to whoso opinion It usually at
taches weight, this complaint:
, I have never been able to understand the
Vindictive resentment with which you pursue
)the character and the utterances of W. J.
faryan, whose private and public record, whoee
loyal and affectionate support from millions of
fvoters, must always give him an eminent
blace In American history In fact. In the his
tory of the world. Though he Is not now a
fcandldate. and though you aro continually pro
cessing that the money Question Is dead, you
lose no -opportunity, and If tbero Is no ob
Vlous opportunity you make one; to asperse
hlr. Bryan'e doctrines, and even his motives.
have special reference to this assertion In to
day's Issue of jour paper:
A significant and timely contribution to this
Interesting Inquiry Is offered by Mr. Bryan In
his Boston speech. That picturesque dema
gogue never tires of the refreshing assumption
that the heavy output of gold since 1800 fully
Justifies the demand of that year for the eit
her basis. Nothing could bo more idiotic or
cnore Insolent.
It will be clear to any Impartial mind that
you have not stated Mr. Brjan'a Boston speech
lialrly. and with all your denunciation of Jilm
you have never been able to disprove his as
eextlon ihat Increased output of gold by 1m
' .proving the times proves tho truth of the bl
xnetallst d.emand for an Increased volume of
' Iffloney.
Portland, July 27.
Tho complaint that Bryaiis argu
ments are not editorially presented as
attractively as possible doubtless has
something in it. The moral turpitude
of dressing out evil in engaging garb
3ms long been recognized. The danger
of financial dishonor is so great as to
Justify warlike measures against It No
jone shall ever say that The Oregonlan
represents the manifold iniquities of
Bryaniem In such fascinating colors as
to augment their availability. It ren
v "dered no such service to copperheadism
'in 1S64, to anti-imperialism in 1900, and
expects to pursue a kindred course with
Ireference to like errors in the future.
Jt will offer no aid or encouragement
o those who conceal the enemies of the
state within the harmless appearing
wooden horse of sympathy for the toll
lng masses and opposition to monopoly.
JWhat Mr. Bryan said at Boston was
eccurately. reported in The Oregonlan
of Friday, as follows:
The Administration, having carried on a
brief end successful war, fell heir to the
enthusiasm, which usually attends a victorious
conflict, an unexpected Increase In tho supply
(of new gold and an unexpected Influx of Euro
?ean gold, due to largo crops here and a
gamine abroad. Increased prices, relieved the
fetress of hard times and gave to the people
(the benefits that always flow from a growing
."Volume of money. While the advantages which
followed a larger volume of money Indicated
Ithe principle contended for by blmctallsts,
Ithey were appropriated by the party in power
land those who were Influenced by conditions
(without attempting to realize the causes gave
the Republican party credit for an Increasing
prosperity.
"The advantages which followed, a
jlarger volume of money indicated the
iprlnciple contended for by bimetallsts"
t these advantages being "the benefits
?that always flow from a growing vol
ume of money." If this means any
thing. It means that the course of
events justified the Democratic mone
tary proposals of 1896. But those pro
posals were" not for "a growing volume
of money," but for free coinage of 50-
cent token dollars, which are not money,
but a substitute for money. The Brjv
enlc recipe was the same in principle
;as the proposal to emit paper notes. An
Inflation of the currency with fiat or
lliaif-flat instruments of exchange bears
io real or constructive resemblance to
the actual increase of real money, that
te, of gold, from stimulated production
' Media of exchange, to be serviceable
or industrially potent, must pass into
the circulation. Under the sliver basis
there was a great deal of gold in India
and China, but It was hoarded, driven
out of the circulation by the cheaper sil
ver. Mexico has coined $125,000,000 of
gold, and though $8,000,000 or so is still
remaining in the country, there is little
or none in circulation. No matter how
much gold a country mines and coins,
If It is on a debased and fluctuating
paper or silver standard, the gold does
not help the circulation It is driven
Into export or hiding. The gold we
gained from Europe and Alaska did
tis some good, and Imparted the bene
fits of which Mr. Bryan treats, because
we had taken the gold standard and
men parted freely with their gold on a
basis of 100 cents to the dollar. In full
confidence of receiving 100 cents, not 50
cents or 47 cents on the dollar six
months or a yiear afterward.
It is the utter condemnation of the
specious Bryanlc claim that under the
proposal of- "blmetallsts" In 189G this
accession of gold to the circulation
would have been nullified. Free coin
age of silver at 16 to 1 would have sent
us to the silver basis of China or Mex
ico, with the certain expulsion of gold
from the circulation. "We should not
have had "a growing volume of money,"
RISE IN FEDERAL EXPENDITURE.
Some alarm is expressed as to the
increasing size of Congressional appro
priations, in bulk and per capita. The
present Congress has used approximate
ly 51,000,000,000 of public money, and
only one of its two sessions has been
held. "We may have, therefore, Instead
of a "billion-dollar Congress," a two-billlon-dollar
one. Since 1S73 our ap
propriations have increased 300 per cent
and our population but 100 per cent.
Where is this tendency to stop, and
does It not forebode National extrava
gance and financial trouble?
There are two answers to this pes
simistic view, and they are cogent
enough to allay any immediate alarm.
It Is worth noting, preliminarily, that
nobody is greatly alarmed, the people
or the Democratic politician who can
always be depended upon to raise a
storm of protest at the slightest provo
cation. "What fear exists has to be
pumped up with considerable effort.
There must be adequate explanation,
and there is.
In the first place, expenditures and
the supplying taxes are not burdensome.
The Federal Government gets its money
from duties on Imports and from Inter
nal revenue. Nobody feels the tax on
sugar or beer, tobacco, woolens or steel.
Unjustly excessive as some of these
taxes are, the objection to them Is
moral and theoretical rather than from
a sense of weighty oppression. Efforts
to reduce the tariff encounter opposi
tion or apathy from the masses as well
J as from the protected trusts. The only
zealous practical tariff reformers In the
country today are those corporations
and manufacturers who hope through
reciprocity to extend their sales abroad.
Nobody complains of customs duties,
which bring In nearly half of our Na
tional revenues, because the taxation is
burdensome.
Nor is the other main source of re
ceipts, the Internal revenue, oppressive.
Before the war with Spain we collected
some 5150,000,000 a year from liquors,
tobacco, etc. "We Increased these taxes
so as to produce 5300,000,000 a year. No
body complained at this -extra 5150,000,
000 of taxes, except the distillers, brew
ers and tobacco men, who continued to
amass wealth. The Increased duties
have been taken off, and the brewers,
etc., will make more money than ever.
The tax of 2 cents each on bank checks
was taken off. The Government might
as well have continued it. A small tax
like that Is all the revenue the Gov
ernment gets from, many persons rich
enough to keep a bank account. The
Internal revenue is not burdensome.
Now as to the expenditures. The fear
that reckless extravagance has per
vaded all departments of Government
activity is disproved by the fact that
the extra expenditures are readily lo
cated, and then are seen to be confined
to certain well-defined spheres of op
eration. Our executive, legislative, ju
dicial and diplomatic services cost
about what they did thirty years ago.
The Increases are chargeable to Army
and Navy, rivers and harbors, and pub
lic buildings. The war with Spain has
entailed upon us an enormous expense,
which the Nation has met, however, un
complainingly and even cheerfully. The
determination of President McKinley
and President Roosevelt to maintain
the Nation's sovereignty when estab
lished and wherever assailed has had
enthusiastic popular support, regard
less of expense. Pacific expansion has
been Indorsed, not primarily as a
money-making proposition, but chiefly
from patriotic impulses, accompanied
also by the belief that the Philippine
Islands and our participation In the
Chinese difficulties will eventually re
dound to our great material welfare.
An adequate Army and a Navy worthy
of comparison with the best of Europe
are part of our National doctrine. The
money required is large in amount, but
it is not grudged.
Every thinking person must have
been at some time in his life Impressed
by the ease with which the Federal
Government raises its millions, and the
totally different conditions of difficulty
and annoyance with which school dis
tricts, cities, counties and states sup
port themselves through direct taxes.
Under the system devised by the found
ers of our Government, the Federal au
thorities retain exclusive use of customs
and internal revenue, these most scien
tific and fertile sources of Income being
denied to the states and smaller gov
ernmental organizations. No farmer
feels the tax on sugar or beer, but
every farmer feels the state, county and
school tax. It is a perfectly logical and
inevitable outgrowth of this situation
that the Federal Government is called
upon to extend its field of operations.
If the local governments had the cus
toms and. internal revenues at their
command, and the Federal Government
were forced to rely upon direct taxa
tion, there would be no bills in Con
gress for rivers and harbors, public
buildings, forest preservation, light
houses, agricultural colleges, suppres
sion of riots, protection of fish and
game, conservation of water supply,
free rural mail delivery, etc., etc As
It is, the General Government is called
upon In increasing degree for these ob
jects of local importance and concern.
Far-seeing Democrats, like Jefferson
and Tilden, have had to waive the
general doctrine of limitation of the
Government to its natural functions of
governing, and advocate internal im
provements.
The only pertinent question about
these increased expenditures, therefore,
is as to their fair apportionment and
honest administration; and on this head
the tendency is marked, in the right di
rection. The reckless fashion in which
public money was once scattered about,
regardless of the merits of clamorous
applicants, has given place to a more
circumspect and conscientious practice.
The intermediary that haa been
evolved to bring this about is the ele
vation of permanent bureaus In "Wash
ington to places of authority and power.
River and harbor Improvements, for
example, are practically guided by the
United States Corps of Engineers, whose
most final with Congresa Public build
ings have to run the gauntlet of the
Architectural Bureau in the Treasury
Department; the Bureau of Forestry Is
potent regarding reserves, the Pension
Bureau holds a decided check upon the
exuberance of Congress, the Department
of Agriculture is consulted about the
use of money that will pass through
Its hands. How effective the "War,
Navy and State Departments can be
come la the matter of appropriations is
shown in a multitude of Instances
which space forbids to enumerate.
A powerful Incidental check to ex
travagant and burdensome legislation
Is afforded in the sobering sense of ac
countability which high responsibility
always breeds in the man of honest life
and sound purpose. This Is exemplified
in our Presidents, our Cabinet officers,
our Speakers and our chairmen of com
mittees. Newspaper publicity, the ac
tivity of the opposition and the ever
watchful eye of the whole people com
bine to render almost Impossible a repe
tition of the scandalous jobs which were
formerly wont to darken the halls of
Congress.
32,500,000, that of Austria-Hungary is
45,000,000, and it is a notable fact that
during these later years of large emi
gration the home Increase has been
large, rather above than below the av
erage. In Italy, for example, the in
crease per cent per annum" "has ranged
as follows: From 1S48-1S61, d.450; from
1861-1871, 0.4; from 1871-1881, 0.619; from
1881-1901,. 0.733. The last census exceed
ed the estimates, and Indicated that
the country was likely to pass France
within the next quarter of a century.
Wo should say that these returns from
the south of Europe afford a most strik
ing testimony to the industrial prosper
ity or the United States and the con
comitant demand for cheap labor. The
dangers of these poor but hard-working
classes are mostly sentimental. So
long as productive enterprise absorbs
them, little Is to be feared of their dis
content and lawlessness. Riots of Ital
ians and Poles are not so common as
race riots of pure Americans, both
South and North. Anarchists, of course,
should be refused and suppressed re
gardless of nationality; but they come
from stolid Germany as well as Imagin
ative' Italy.
IXTE3IPERATE TEMPERANCE.
We are favored with a copy of the
New Voice, prohibition organ of Chi
cago, which accusss The Oregonlan of
ignorance and unfairness. Perhaps we
cannot do better In the way of reply
than by reproducing a few gems from
this same issue of the New Voice,
wherein Its fairness and general en
lightenment stand out with almost
startling distinctness. Thus, the New
Voice says:
Dr. John Potts, chairman of the lesson com
mittee of the International Sunday School Con
vention, thundered forth his denunciation of
the unfair assaults upon tho committee. "The
grandest temperance organization on the top
of the earth is the Sunday school, and the ac
tivities connected wtlh the Sunday school.
. . . Every Sunday school In the world Is
true to the principles of temperance and total
abstinence." That sounds well. It Is dishon
est, of course, and Intentionally dishonest. -
Whatever view one may take of the ques
tion of Sunday opening at the St. Louis fair,
even If one Is prepared to concede the utmost
demand of the beer barons, for whom It seems
these great expositions are created, the gyra
tions of the Treasury Department In the mat
ter of the contract required by the law of Con
gress as essential to the paying of the fS.OOO.
000 of the people's money given to the exposi
tion looks little less than rascally and ras
cality In a department of the Federal Govern
ment Is not only bad. but perilous. That
there was a plot on foot to sell out the moral
public, get the money and run the fair wide
open. Is attested "by facts that are In no way
dependent upon the testimony of Dr. Crafts,
good testimony though It Is. That Treasury of
ficials were parties to this scheme Is cleat
enough.
Because some Sunday school work
ers doubt whether the temperance les
sons of the International course should
be perpetuated indefinitely, the New
Voice will cheerfully brand as dishonest
every Christian worker that will not
follow its dictation. Because the St.
Louis Fair may be partly open on Sun
day in disregard of the demands of ex
tremists, the New Voice hastens to as
sure its readers that expositions are
gotten up solely for the "beer barons,"
and that the Government of the United
States Is a conspirator to "sell out the
moral public." It Is precisely this run
ning amuck among churches and the
Government that Iras established the
Irrefragable claim of the New Voice to
enlightenment and fairness. Temper
ance and tolerance are loudlj- demand
ed by the New Voice, and their need
could not receive more ample demon
stration than is afforded in its own columns.
The Interesting charge Is brought
against the farmers that they have lg
nomlniously failed to keep the under
taking to supply the country with wool,
as was promised on their behalf by the
advocates of the Dlngley tariff. In 1890
the per capita consumption In this
country of wool handled by American
manufacturers was a trifle over six
pounds. In the census year of 1900 the
average consumption was only five and
a half pounds. The people were more
prosperous In 1900 than In 1890, but they
used less wool per head. But the last
census year showed an Increased con
sumption of cotton per capita as com
pared with the preceding census year.
The American manufacturers used In
1890 1,193,000,000 pounds of cotton, and
In 1900 1,910,000,000 pounds. In the first-
named year 372,700,000 pounds of wool
were used, as against 412,300,000 two
years ago. There have been times when
the per capita consumption of wool In
the United States was 50 per cent
greater than it was In 1900. The Amer
ican people, so many of whom live In
northern latitudes, would use wool more
freely If they could get It more cheaply.
The situation lends point to the Indict
ment brought against the farmer and
the tariff by the Chicago Tribune, which
says:
The high duties on wool havo not had the
promised effect. It was asserted that If the
sheepralsera were well protected such a stim
ulus would be given to the production of wool
that this country would become quite Inde
pendent of foreign supplies and the decline In
price would ensue which has ensued In the
case of other protected products. What has
proved true In other Industries has not proved
true in the raw wool Industry. The woolen
manufacturers are not supplied by the Amer
ican flock masters with sufficient quantities of
the different kinds of wool they need. There
1 has been a regrettable decrease In the con
sumption of wool per head. Tho protected
sheepralsera are not keeping their part of tho
bargain made with them, and as a consc?
quence the people are obliged to use less wool.
Lower duties on that article will give the
sheepralsera all the 'protection they are enti
tled to and give Americans an opportunity to
wear better clothing.
While there is undoubtedly some
truth in this view, it Is of no present
Importance or concern. Wool is high In
price, and he who would tamper with
the tariff under such circumstances
would get only opprobrium for his
pains. The Tribune will be framing
tariff bills in that Utopian era when
customs duties are levied in the inter
ests of the consumer.
AN OLD LANDMARK RECALLED.
St Louis Globe-Democrat:
The opening of the Fort Laramie reser
vation, which was dealt with by an act
passed at the recent session of Congress,
will recall to the memory a landmark
fwhlch hundredB still living saw and
which tens of thousands still alive knew
in the Indian stories of a third or a half
a century ago. Fort Laramie, situated
In tho eastern part of the present Wyo
ming, on Laramie River, close to its en
trance Into the North Platte, was built
In 1S34 by William L. Sublette, of St.
Louis, and Robert Campbell, well-known
fur dealers of their day, had Bfeveral
names and several successive owners,
was bought by tho Government in 1S49,
was garrisoned many years as a protec
tion to immigrants passing through that
region, "but wasi abandoned when the ap
pearance of the railroads ana the disap
pearance of the Indians in their savage
state abolished its occupation. It was
the best-known frontier post, fur trading
or army, or the old days of the Santa
Fe, Oregon, California and Salt Lake
trails, except Fort Leavenworth or Bent's
Fort, on the Arkansas.
Fort Laramie was familiar to every
body who in the 40s, 50s or 60s of the re
cent century traversed the Oregon or Salt
Lake trails. Over In the western end of
the present Wyoming, Jim Brldger built
a fur-trading post in 1S42. on Black's
Fork of tho Green River. On the Oregon
trail between these two points, but a
little nearer to Brldger than to Lara
mie, at an opening separating the Sweet
Water from the Wind River Mountains,
sections of the great Rocky Mountain
chain, stood the South Pass, the gateway
to the Pacific Slope. Through that por
talmade known popularly to the world
through Fremont's report of his explora
tion of 1842, which had been visited by
many other whlto persons long before Fre
mont's time, including Dr. Marcus Whit
man and Rev. H. H. Spalding and their
wives in 1S36, and which was probably
traversed for the first time by white men
when some of Andrew Henry's trappers
went through It In 1S24 passed most of the
human tide which surged from the East
and the Mississippi Valley Into the pres
ent states of Oregon, Washington and
California by the overland route In tho
early days. Most persons who went over
the Oregon, Salt Lake and California
trails knew Fort Laramie. Beyond It on
the western course the mountainous re
gion began. It was the last flttlng-out
place of importance until the Continental
Divide was passed.
Fremont, who visited It In his explora
tion Of 1842, gives a good description of
Fort Laramie In his report. One of the
other things which Fremont did In that
report was to destroy that myth of a
great American desert, which was based
on tho reports of Pike, Long and one or
two of Irving's books. Fremont made a
careful record of distances between ford
ing places in rivers, pointed out good
places in which to camp, showed that cat
tle could thrive on the alleged American
desert, and mentioned the physical advan
tages of the location of Laramie as a
fur-trading post on tho route of Immi
gration toward the Pacific Slope. The
most vivid pictures in Parkman's "Ore
gon Trail" are those of Fort Laramie as
he saw It In 1845. Writers of Indian tales
from Fremont's and Parkman's time often
made this post a prominent rallying point
in their stories. It was the center of
many romantic and tragic events in tha
history of the frontier, somo of them
more remarkable even than the story
writers of Its day located In and around
It. It was the site of a reservation for
many years, and this, too. Is soon to dis
appear. Fort Laramio has dropped out
Svllh the buffalo and the Indian, but the
passing of the reservation -at that point
WjJII recall to the memory of the few
survivors of those who saw It In Its great
days and to the memory of many thou
sands of those who read of It when it
was the center of the wild life of the
plains, one of the most Interesting of all
the landmarks of the vanished Western
ironuer. j
OLD WIDOWER IN A QUANDARY.
COSTLY AND UNENTERPRISING.
Tho Columbia Basin should grow
many times as many food animals as
It now produces, particularly hogs. If
the present output were to be quad
Tupled next year, there la little doubt
that additional packing-houses would
come to Portland. But this region al
ready sends through Portland to market
more animals than are slaughtered
here. Of every three hogs brought to
Portland but one is slaughtered and
packed here. The others go to Puget
Sound or California. A large number
of animals also go to those markets
without passing through Portland,
which. If Portland had adequate yard
and packing facilities, would certainly
come to this market. The producers,
slow "as they have been, to Improve their
opportunity, have nevertheless gone far
beyond the local facilities for curing
their product. There Is no doubt In any
quarter that If packing-houses and
stockyards were to be established In
Portland this season with capacity as
greatly in excess of present supply as
present supply exceeds capacity, the
equilibrium would be restored within
a twelvemonth, perhaps within six
months. The stimulus of a steady and
active demand would do the business,
and to the great profit of all concerned.
There must be a certain balance to
these industrial movements. The bur
den Is now borne by the producer. Cur
ing establishments in this field take
what they please at their own prices,
and the producer must seek distant
markets for his comparatively large
surplus. This situation would be easier
of endurance If it were not for the fact
that while we are sending our live ani
mals to distant markets we are also
bringing in from those very markets a
large part of the cured product con
sumed here. Economic suicide is de
fined In this arrangement It is Imme
diately costly, and It retards industrial
development There should be such an
adjustment as will give reasonable bal
aoce to prdouctlon and consumption,
without undue waste at intermediate
stages. Large meat-packing establish
ments at Portland would supply a fac
tor that Is necessary to the growth of
the livestock Industry to Its full propor
tions In the Northwest.
If juries always did their duty, there
would have been less readiness to crit
icise the verdict in Josephine County
finding Gibson guilty of murder In the
first degree for shooting to death an
aged rancher, B. Schonbachler. The
first announcement of the verdict. In
which It was made to appear that It
came as a surprise to those who heard
the evidence and knew the circum
stances of the case, seems not to have
been entirely uncolored. This much
may be said, even admitting that the
district attorney, whose statement Is
printed elsewhere in this paper, puts
the state's side of the case in Its most
favorable light Some of the matter he
presents could hardly have been before
the jury such as the demeanor of the
defendant at his first and second trials
and yet the jury found present in the
crime all the elements of first-degree
murder. It must be confessed that the
tendency of juries Is in the opposite di
rection, toward permitting sentimental
considerations or trivial doubts to shield
defendants from full justice, particu
larly In capital cases. Therefore, in
view of all the facts and circumstances
of the case, this Josephine County jury
appears to have doneits duty well. It
Is to be hoped that the agencies relied
upon for carrying out that verdict will
not fall. The peace and good name of
that part of the state require the en
forcement of the law against evildoers.
merical strength to -keep up a heavy
'but a terrible, ruinous stringency. All recommendation or disapproval Is al-1 emigration. The population of Italy Is
Complete returns on the Immigration
movement for the year ending with
June are at hand, and correspond
closely with the preliminary figures
commented on some weeks ago. The
salient feature of the record Is the
marked proportion of Latin and Slav.
There was an Increase of 160,825 over
the figures of the preceding year, the
total being 648,743. Of this total, 457,691,
or slightly more than 70 per cent, must
be credited to Russia, Austria-Hungary
and Italy. Italy, which led last year
with 135,996. as against 113,390 for Austria-Hungary
and 85,257 for Russia, is
still at the head of the procession, but
haa not as large a percentage of In
crease as Austria-Hungary. The per
centages for the three countries are:
Italy, 41; Austria-Hungary, 51; Russia,
23. The Italian immigration and the
Austrian have each made an annual
showing during the last two years that
is unequaled In the history of the coun
try, except by the German immigration
for the years 1881, 1882, 1883 and 1884.
Both nations, moreover, have the nu
It is not at all strange that Repre
sentative Tawney, beet-sugar Insurgent,
of Minnesota, Is to encounter deter
mined opposition to his renomlnatlon.
Four of that gallant band, members
from Michigan, have already been
beaten for renomlnatlon, namely,
Messrs. Aplln, Weeks, Shelden and H.
C. Smith. A strong effort is being made
to show that their defeat was not due
to reciprocity, but to local and per
sonal causes. This Is perfectly) natural,
but the fact remains that their exploits
in ostensible behalf of Michigan beet
sugar failed to give any one of the four
the indorsement he expected.
Antarctic Exploration.
New York Evening Post.
In the Antarctic the work of penetrating
the unknown has been essayed by three
vessels the Discovery, Captain Scott, fit
ted out under the auspices of tho Royal
Geographical Society; the Gauss, carry
ing tho German expedition under Erik von
Drygalskl; and Dr. Otto Nordensktold's
Antarctica, a small vessel of only 350
tons. Captain Scott's plan In general Is
to determine the nature and extent of
that, portion of the south polar lands
which his ship may be able to reach, and
to conduct a magnetic survey. It is alto
gether likely that he will push to the east
ward Into unknown waters in search of
mountains reported by Sir James Ross In
1842. To support him, the Geographical
Society has purchased and fitted out the
relief ship Morgen (or Morning), and a
relief ship Is planned should the absence
of the Gauss be so prolonged as to cause
anxiety In Germany. Dr. Drygalski's aim
Is to penetrato to the Antarctic Continent
and to explore that uoknown region de
scribed on explorers maps as the "En
derby Quadrant." In the "Weddell Quad
rant" Dr. Nordensklold Is now at work,
having wintered on Graham Island, and
sent his ship to the Falkland Islands,
whence It will return to pick him up In
November next Still a fourth expedition,
under Mr. Bruce, Is planning to leave on
the Hecla for the Weddell Quadrant lhe
work of Antarctic exploration Is still In
Its Infancy, at best In Its boyhood; the
romance and mystery -of the polar seas,
north and south, are still destined to sur
vive for generations, if not for centuries.
Baltimore Sun.
The Sun has received the following re
quest: Dear Sun: Will you and your readers give
me your opinion which makes the best step
mother and promises most happiness to a wid
ower marrying again a widow or aa unmar
ried woman? I kinder lean toward the widow
and believe 'tis logic. Yours.
WIDOWER.
Our correspondent evidently imagines
that It Is only necessary for him to make
choice among various applicants for the
place of stepmother to his children. Per
haps he Is fooling himself. But we shall
let that pass, for the question he asks Is
a serious and meat Important one. A wid
ower feels himself Impelled to marry
again In order to provide for the care and
welfare of his children. It is always con
sideration for the children that Induces
him to ma'ke the second venture in matri
mony. It Is like a man going to the clr-J
cus or like a woman spending the Sum
mer in the country. It is done on account
of the children.
Mr. Tony Weller, who had married a
widow and found when too late that he
had put his foot In It, most unjustly de
nounced all widows because his particular
widow was an unpleasant lot. He ad
monished his son Samuel to beware of
them, "for more vldows gets married than
single vimmln." It Is undoubtedly true
that a widow, as a rule, makes a better
business of getting married than one who
has had no experience. She has had
practice in dealing with men and does
not waste her time in foolishness. There
was Abigail, the widow of Nabal the Car
melite. The very minute that David
heard she was a widow he dispatched one
of his young men with an offer of his
hand In marriage. As oon as the Widow
Abigail got the message, what did she
do? "And Abigail hasted and arose and
rode upon an ass with five damsels of hers
that went after her; and she went after
the messenger of David and became his
wife." She did not lose a minute. If
Abigail had been a single woman Instead
of a widow she would have probably lost
the opportunity. Her first remark
would have been: "Oh, this te so sudden!"
Then she would have insisted upon seeing
David first and promising that she would
try to learn to love him, or ask for time
to consider, or have engaged In other co
quettish devices. It Abigail had done
this the chances are that David, who was
a very busy man those days, would have
moved on and married Abinoam of Jez
reel, and Abigail would have been In the
soup. But Abigail was a widow, "and
Abigail hasted."
Then consider how the Widow Ruth
landed old Boaz. If she had been a sweet
glrl graduate, just fresh from college, she
never would have secured that rich and
somewhat convivial old agriculturist.
All of these things go to show that If a
widow has marked our correspondent for
her own he might as well go for the li
cense and, like Job, "cause the widow's
heart to sing for Joy."
It has never been quite clear why St.
Paul was so averse to young widows. He
said they had damnation and that they
learn to be Idle, wandering about from
house to house, and not only Idle, but tat
tlers and also busybodles, speaking things
which they ought not. This certainly is
strange language from an old bachelor
who knew all about Ruth and Abigail and
various other discreet and comely young
widows whese words were like apples of
gold In ploturcs of silver, because they
were fitly spoken.
But our correspondent must not con
clude from the example of Ruth and
Abigail that widows are the only nice
women or the only good stepmothers.Even
vhese two excellent ladles, like many be
fore them, had once been single them
selves; howbelt they had been chastened
by experience, and in tho case of. Abigail
at least by adversity. Her first husband
was a churl, a son of Belial, nnd then he
got disgracefully drunk. What, then, is
the conclusion of the whole matter?
Which makes the best stepmother for
children and wife for a widower? This te
a hard question, and who shall answer It?
But this far we can go: Thero are some
widows who will be In better In these
relations than some maidens, and there
are some maidens better than some wid
ows. As to the claim of our correspond
ent that it Is "logic" to marry a widow,
we must confess that we cannot discover
any relation between logic and widows or
betwen logic and any other woman.
NOTE AND COMMENT.
Playing prizefighter seems to Se even
more risky than playing Tracy. ;
Tracy, the Sham Hero.
Boston Post
In estimating tho qualities displayed in
this flight of the escaped convict, what do
we find In any way heroic, admirable or
In the least degree serviceable in an hon
orablo career? Physical courage Is thero,
to be sure, and so Is dogged persistence
against difficulties, and so is resourco in
emergencies. But the moral and intellect
ual force which renders theso qualities
available for any use except such as wild
beasts make of them Is lacking. Indeed,
the one controlling quality, which alone
rendered these others useful to their pos
sessor in evading pursuit is selfish bru
tality. Any strong man, armed ready to
kill, having no regard for human life or
for human rights, could lead his pursuers
a chase such as Tracy led them through
a wild and sparsely settled country with
which he was familiar. Trained in crime,
merciless, basely treacherous, this man
Is not oven distinguished in Infamy. He
has not even the claim which Claude
Duval, Dick Turpln, Jack Sheppard havo
had for a bad eminence. In the romance of
crime.
Tho mistake of the sentimentalists who
find In such a career an evidence of mis
directed genius and the perversion of he
roic qualities Is that they look only at the
physical side of the case. There is no use
for strength or courage or shrewdness
when the directing mind Is morally dis
eased. Such a man could never make a
claco for himself In an honest calling, for
the reason that It is not in him. Still
more does ho lack every essential element
of berolera.
Roosevelt's Strength With the Peoplo
Minneapolis Tribune.
In four Important states Pennsyl
vania, Missouri, Minnesota and Kansas
the Republican State Conventions have
pledged support to President Roosevelt
for tho Presidential nomination In 1004.
Four other states Ohio, Indiana, Michi
gan and, Nebraska have Indorsed his ad
ministration In terms so pointed as almost
to amount to the same thing. Iowa will
soon follow one example or the other,
probably the former. This Is said to bo
without precedence In tho history of poll
tics. State conventions rarely Indorse
even a "favorite son" for the Presiden
tial nomination two years In advance.
The action of the Western States Is clear
ly due to Roosevelt's exceptional popu
larity and to a popular suspicion that the
politicians may try to set It up against
him. The action of Pennsylvania looks
as If the shrewder political leaders wero
determined to take advantage of this
popularity for their own -purposes, as they
did in 1S0O. That impression would be
confirmed if New York were to follow tho
example of Pennsylvania. Between the
Platts and the Quays In the East and the
plain people In the West, the President
seems to have no occasion to worry about
1901.
Novel Robbery In India.
Iiondon Express.
A mast Ingenious theft Is reported on
one of tho railways In Burma. The Burm
ese head-covering, it must be understood.
Is a silk kerchief, often of considerable
value, called "gaungbaung." Some young
daredevils attach prickly bushes to long
bamboo poles, and when tho mall train
passes they yell out, which causes the
native passengers to stick their heads out
of tho carriage windows. The train la
then raked from end to end by means ot
the scrubby poles, with the result that the
Burman male passengers are deprived ot
their .gaungbaungs. Some 27 silk head
dresses were thus acquired by the young
scamps In one night.
The Night.
Henry Vaughan.
Through that pure virgin shrine.
That sacred veil drawn o'er Thy glorious
noon.
Thai men might look and live, as glow-worms
shine
And face- the moon:
Wis Nlcodemus saw such fight
As made him know his God by night
No mercy teat of gold.
No dead and dusty cherub, nor carved stone.
But His own living works did my Lord hold
And lodge alone;
Where trees and herbs did watch and peep
And wonder, while the Jews did sleep.
Dear Night! this world's defeat;
The stop to busy fools; Care's check, and curb;
The day of Spirits; my soul's calm retreat
Which none disturb!
Christ's progress, and his prayer time;
The hours to which high Heaven doth chime.
There Is in God some nay
A deep, but dazzling darkness; as men here
Say it is late and dusky, because they
See not all clear.
Oh for that Night! where I In Htm
1 Slhjht live Invisible and dim I .
PERSOXS WORTH KXOWIXG ATJOUT
Tho Emperor of Germany has developed the
Goethe relic craze, and la collecting every
thing he can lay hands on that ever belonged
to the sage of Weimar.
Rev. James H. Halpln. of St. Francis de
Sales' Church, Herkimer, N. Y., Is president
ot the Board of Trade of that town. He Is a
keen business man, and has Just celebrated
his 20th anniversary In the priesthood.
December 17 next will be the 100th an
niversary of Louis Kossuth' birthday. The
municipality of Budapest Is making prepara
tions for a solemn celebration. Including a
procession to Koruth's grave, here the
foundation stone of a mausoleum will bo laid.
On separate days Captain Hobson. of Merrl
mac fame, and Evangelist "Sam" Small were
attractions at the Plasa Chautauqua Assembly,
near St. LouIa Hobson drew the bigger
crowd, and St. Louis people are unable to de
cide whether to be proud or otherwise of the
fact:
The London Academy Is authority for the
news that Rudyard Kipling might have been
knighted along with Gilbert Parker and Conan
Doyle, but that he declined the offer. The
academy further states that Mr. Lecky refused
a peerage, contenting himself with member
ship In the now Order of Merit.
Thomas and Telfair Stockton, brothers, were
candidates for nomination as State Senator by
tho Democrats of Jacksonville, Fla. The con
test was a hot one. the rivals occasionally re
ferring to .each other In terms which would
have caused serious trouble but for existing
family relations. At the primaries Telfair
won by the narrow majority of 3d votes.
Mrs. John G. A. Lelshman, wlfo of the
United States Minister to Turkey, who re
ceived from the Sultan of Turkey the grand
cordon of the Order of the Chafakat. 13 the
second American woman to be so honored.
Mrs. Lloyd Griscom. whoso husband Is Amer
ican Minister to Persia, received the highest
badge of the decoration from the Sultan Just
before she and her husband left for Teheran,
early in tho Winter.
Ex-Governor Rollins, of New Hampshire,
president of the Old Home Week As50clatlon,
of that state, has Issued his call to the absent
sons and daughters of the Granite State to
come home and help celebrate for a week In
August. This Institution, which was started
by Governor Rollins. Is now in Its fourth year,
and shows no signs of falling Into disfavor.
Since It was started Vermont. Maine and Mas
sachusetts have taken up the idea.
Only seven sovereigns of Europe have heirs
of their own body to succeed them. The Em
peror of Austria, the King- of the Belgians and
the King of Roumanla will be succeeded by
nephews, the Emperor of Russia and the Sul
tan of -Turkey by brothers, and the presump
tive successor to the King of Italy's heir Is
his cousin, the Duke of Aosta. while the suc
cession to the thrones of the Netherlands and
Servla may be regarded as In abeyance at
present. But for the Spile law, however, the
crowns of Russia. Austria, Italy and Bel
glum would pass to direct descendants of the
present ruler. In tho case of Turkey, the suc
cession Is regular, and the Sultanate passing
from brother to brother, and nat from father
1 to son.
Bryan's latest evidence of his Jefferson
Ian simplicity Ss a cruise In a 51,000,000
yacht.
The manly and healthful game of haz
ing again appears In the West Point
curriculum.
Our local pastors seem strangely reti
cent as to their opinions of tho square
ness of the fight
It looks like poetic Injustice to take the
money Tracy earned by killing Merrill and
offer It as a reward for Tracy.
Enter the Jeffries-FItfcsImmons contro
versy, to follow the waning fame of the
admirals from the public stage.
The esteemed San Francisco Examiner,
It will bo rememberefi. also pointed out
that the battle of Manila was a fake.
One of the regrettable features of Sat
urday night's fistic tragedy is that neither
of the principals was a professional.
Hon. Charles M. Schwab Is suffering
from nervous prostration, which at a
million dollars a year many ot us would
call not an unmixed evil.
Professor Pitler of Nicaragua says: -"We
are in the same condition as Martinique.
No alarm, however. Is felt" Here is the
very man to go out and get Tracy.
Colonel FItzsimmons could hardly be ex
pected to keep his mouth shut for eight
entire rounds, and consequently the re
sult of his mix-up with General Jeffries
was not unexpected.
The Colorado soldier who tried to make
an ordinary inspection worth General
Funston's while by fracturing a skull la
certainly entitled to honorable mention In
the General's next after-dinner speech.
Mr. Busybody went down town Friday
evening to get the prize-fight returns, and
by the time he had read a detailed ac
count of the proceedings by the radiant
glimmer of a friendly arc lamp. It had
passed the "last car home" time, and he
had to walk. He lucked his paper in his
pocket, started off right foot foremost
and had accomplished about half the dis
tance, when his attention was arrested by
a flash of light In a large yard on the op
posite side of the street on which he was
walking. One o'clock In the morning is
not the proper time for lights to flash In
yards, and the Busybody had a suspicion
that the producer of the flash might be a
burglar, or even Tracy, In which case
thero was a chance for reward, so mus
tering up all his courage, he crossed tho
street and called In, a voice more squeaky
than bold, "Watche doln' In there?"
"What business Is It of yours?" came tho
answer In a cold and freezing tone. "It's
my business to know what you are after
with a dark lantern this time ot night,
and It you don't speak up I'll call a cop
and have you pinched." "Very kind of
j-ou. my friend, but this Is my yard, and
I am looking for slugs on my flowers.
They only come out at night" "Oh, I
thought It was thugs, and I Just want"
"Good night," said the man with the
light "Wanted to see If I c "
"Good night," said the slug-hunter In a
tone similar to that used by Old Scrooge
when bidding farewell to his nephew. "I
could save any of your prop ." A Joor
banged, and the Busybody was left to
himself, muttering. "Well, that wasn't a
very nice way to treat a fellow who was
trying to score off a band of burglars, I
must say."
Anyone who loves dumb animals and
who has stopped for a minute or two at
one of the busiest corners of tho city,
Third and Washington streets, during the
recent warm wcathert must have noticed
the numbers of dogs which vainly darted
here and there In search of a drink of
water, to quench their raging thirst Sat
urday was a warm day, and as an
Oregonlan man stood at Third and Wash
ington streets waiting on a trolley car,
two teams arrived apparently from out of
town, accompanied by two panting, de
jected looking dogs. They were coated
with duet "Why. my throat is Uke a
lime kiln. Let's havo a drink," said on
of the drivers, and he and his friend made
tracks for tho nearest saloon. If the
dogs could have spoken, they would un
doubtedly have said: "May we not have
a drink, too?" Left to their own devices,
the dogs ran here and there, snuffing the
ground, and at last In their desperation
they lay down In tho half-muddy water
that trickles from a waste-pipe, proceed
ing from the Dekum building. They roll
ed over and over In the liquid, barking
with delight, and then they shook them
selves, and drank their fill. Their eyes
said: "That's good." Then their masters
appeared wiping their mustaches, as
a sign that their thirst had been
attended to. The thought arose In
tho minds of at least three per
sons who watched the Incident: Why are
there not more street fountains where
dogs can get a drink of water, during
warm weather? There are few such
fountains In the City, and the fountains
that do exist aro too far removed from
main business centers. Why could not
dog--fountalns be placed, at reasonable in
tervals, at street corners to bo afterward
determined? It would be an act of mercy
to dumb brutes who cannot speak for
themselves, and the work would be fully
as beneficial as building a few libraries
where headaches and new sets of nerves
are developed. Where shall the first
fountain for dogs bo located, before the
Warm weather passes away?
PLEASANTRIES OF PARAGRAPHERS
A Slight Drawback. Bllnka The world has
a place for everybody. Winks Yes; the only
trouble Is there's generally somebody else In
It. Town and Country
Her Opinion. He I don't know how I'm to
make both ends meet. I'm at my wit's end.
His Extravagant Wife Well, that Isn't so fat
from the beginning. Puck.
Teacher It was only yesterday that I saw
you throwing stones, and told you you must
not do It. Pupil And here I am throwing
stone again! It beats all, doesn't It? Boston
Transcript.
A Dreadful Possibility. Elsie When Is my
birthday, mother? Her Mother On the 31st ol
this month, dear. Elsie Oh, mother! Sup
posing this month had had only 30 days, where
would I have been? Brooklyn Life.
He Knew. Teacher (to class in geography)
And who knows what the people who live In
Turkey are called? Class (unanimously)
Turks. Teacher Right! Now, who can tell me
what those living In Austria are called? Lit
tle Boy Please, mum, I know. Ostriches.
Judge.
Prohibited. "Dear, dear," sighed Mrs. Null
wed. "I suppose I'll have to take this receipted
bill down to the milliner's myself." "Tou can
mall it, can't you?" asked her husband. "No,
Indeed. I've eeen those large signs stuck up
all over the city which read, 'Post no bills. "
Baltimore Herald.
Made Matters Worse. Towne My wife 'used
to get nervous every time she heard a noise
down stairs, but I assured her that It couldn't
be burglars, because they're always careful
not to make any noise. Browne So that
calmed her, eh? Towne Not much. Now she
gels nervous every time she doesn't hear any
l noise. Philadelphia Press.