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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 20, 1902)
SRT THE MORNING ORRGOKIAN. MONDAY, JANUARY 20, 1902. KINDERGARTEN APPEAL SLEEKING CONNECTION' "WITH PUB LIC SCHOOL SYSTEM. Members' of the Free Kindergarten Association Present a Statement to the Public. PORTLAND, Jan. 18. (To the Editor.) Tne past work of. the association In sup porting kindergartens in this city for isome 17 years Is already well known. About a year ago the association decided that the time had come when the kinder garten ought to be adopted as part of the jpublic school system of this city, support ed by public funds. This decision was brought about by the plea of previous subscribers that kindergartens ought and should be made part of the pubjlc school system pf this city, and the question "which was met on every side, "Why do we not have public school kindergartens Jn Portland?" To further this movement much active work was done by the asso ciation in gathering together and pub lishing information and statistics regard ing the adoption of kindergartens In other Cities as part of the public school system. One thousand pamphlets were published fey the association,, and some 400 or SOU personal requests were written and sent out to prominent taxpayers, requesting them to be present at the annual meeting of taxpayers, at which the question of the adoption of kindergartens as part of the public school system was to be con sidered. At this meeting a report was presented Ijy the School Board, stating the amount of money that would he needed for the year's work if kindergartens were adopt ed. It was voted by a large majority of the taxpayers present to adopt kinder gartens as part of the public school sys tem and to Increase the tax levy one fifth of a mill, thereby increasing the school fund to the extent of 55000, which &um was to be used for the support of public kindergartens. The section of the statute which authorized this action Is as follows: "The District Board of any School Dis trict of the state of the first or second class may, when authorized thereunto by the qualified electors of such district, pro vide for the establishment and mainten ance therein, as a part of the common school system thereof, of schools com monly known as kindergartens, and such schools shall be free to children over 4 years of age." This statute was passed by the State Legislature some years agoj It was prepared by Joseph Teal, of this city, and by him presented to that body,- through the earnest efforts of Sirs. Rosa Burrell and ilrs. Pratt. It is the opinion of prominent lawyers and Judges who have been consulted that the action of the taxpayers' meeting last January was in direct compliance with this statute. The association, feeling that now they were to be relieved of the work which they had carried on for so many years, and that at last kindergartens had ob tained their rightful place in the public school system, offered to turn over to the School Board the entire work, with all Its equipments. But as it was the opinion of some members of the School Board that an association which had carried on the work for so long knew better the needs of the work, and how to meet them, the board requested the association to con tinue the control of tba work for a year. In trust for them, while they would sup ply the money for its support. Furthermore, the School Board, In reg ular session on April 8, passed a resolu tion agreeing to pay over to the Kinder garten Association the $5000 proportionate ly as It was received from the Tax Collec tor, provided that the teachers of the Kindergarten Association obtained such certificates as the board should require. Acting upon this promise, the associa tion agreed to continue the conlrol of tho work and to carry out the request of the School Board, though there was not one member of that association, composed of busy men and women, who would not have been much relieved had the School Board taken complete control of the work themselves. In good faith that the 'promise made to the association by their resolution of April 8 would be kept, the money for the immediate use of the work was advanced by friends, and the work progressed. At the suggestion of Superintendent Higler a supervisor was elected, whose duty It should be to give direct personal supervision to the work, and to see to it that the work was placed on the best possible basis as a preparation for. future primary work. In this the supervisor has throughout the year received the hearty co-operation and advice of Superintendent Bigler. The kindergartens already In operation were better equipped, two new kindergart ens were opened, ana anoiner aireaay started by a mothers' club In the south part of the city was adopted, making in oil six under the direction of the associa tion and representing nearly 400 children. In compliance with the law which regu lates such matters, each klndergartner In the department took steps to obtain the necessary certificates which should entitle her to teach In the public schools and to draw public money; and to each klnder gartner was granted such certificate by the regular Board of Examiners. Thus In every instance the association endeavored to comply with the law and to carry out the requests of the School Board. At the end of the school year they had six well-equipped Kindergartens, each in charge of a director and an as sistant, and all doing" 'goodnwork. A full record of all business transacted, and of every dollar of money expended, has been kept by the secretary, and at the meet ing of the School Board September 9 a complete detailed report of all work ac complished was presented to them, ac companied by a file of the bills Incurred, and a request made that the bills be paid. At that meeting the following resolution was adopted by the School Board; 'Re solved, that It Is the sense of the board that It Is the duty of the School Clerk, H. H. Allen, to turn over to the Port land Free Kindergarten Association i 4-9 per centum of whatever portion of dis trict tar for the current year has been collected, and Is now In his possession." But as there seemed to be a doubt In the minds of some members of the School Board as to whether they had the right to do what the taxpayers had instructed them to do, and what they had already resolved and agreed to do, the money was not turned over, and the kindergartens were not opened at the beginning of the present school year. The question was taken Into court and was there pending for three months, during which time tho six kindergartens remained closed. On December 13, 1901, a decision was rendered by Judge George, of the Circuit jCourt, which implicitly stated that a spe cial fundV which was raised by tar for the maintenance of kindergartens, must be used for that purpose and that purposo alqne. After this decision the $5000 was at once paid over to the Kindergarten As sociation by the School Clerk, H. S. Allen. On December 1G four of tho kindergart ens were opened in time to give the children a week's work upon the Christ mas thought and a Christmas celebration. On January 45 the six schools re-opened and all are now in operation and well attended. Many changes among the teachers were necessary, due to the three months' en forced discontinuance of the schools. As a portion of the $5000 was used to main tain the schools from January to July, the remainder will barely suffice to con tinue them to the end of the present school year, and another $5000 will be needed "for the work of next year. The association regrets that It 1b obliged to come before the people and ask them to repeat the action of last January. On every "hand is met the assertion from taxpayers, "We thought we settled this matter for you a year ago and made the kindergartens a part of the public school system at that tlmt" The taxpayers voted that the kindergartens should be made a part of 'the public Bchool system: but the School Board has not ?o ac knowledged them, and the association Is again compelled to ask the people to give expression to their desire In o em phatic a manner that there cin remain no doubt In. the mind of any one as to what the public wish is regarding this matter. What the Kindergarten Association ask of this city is not a unique request, but it Is the history of the development of klndergirten work In this country that In city after city they have first been main tained by an association of Interested persons, who were .working for the best good of their city, and then later have been adopted by the School Board as a regular part of the school system. There seems to be a lamentable lack of knowledge regarding the extent to which this work has spread and the as sociation wishes at this time to state a few facts. Four years" ago the United States Bureau of Educatlongave the fol lowing statistics regarding the cltle3 which had adopted kindergartens as a regular part of their public school sys tem. The number of public school kinder gartens In Los Angeles, Cal , SS Manchester. .Conn 13 Denver, Colo , Chicago, 111 63 South Bend, Ind If Des Moines, la 15 New Orleans, La 12 Boston. Ma6s t9 Newton, ilaes .,.... 22 Grand Rapids, Mich 7 Duluth. Minn 14 St. Paul, Minn 28 St. Louis, Mo , 102 Omaha. Neb ..,..... ,...,.... 36 Albany, N. Y 19 Newark, N. J 14 New i'ork City 61 Rochester, N. Y XI Utica. N. Y 11 Cleveland, 0 12 Philadelphia, Pa 158 Providence, R. 1 15 Milwaukee, Wis 42 These are only a few of the 200 cities and towns then reported, and reliable sta tistics now give nearly double that num ber, making some 400 cities and towns which have anywhere from 100 to 150, the number now existing in St. Louis. And some 40 states have state law regu lating public school kindergartens. Many foreign countries have adopted them, either partially or wholly, into their public school system: including On tario, Brazil, Argentine Republic, Aus tria, Italy, France. Germany, England, Switzerland, Belgium, Hungary. Spain and Mexico. James L. Hughes, Inspector of Public Schools, Toronto, Canada, says: "I do not know any educator of standing, either In Europe or America, who does not now recognize the absolute need of the kindergarten as a true basis for an edu cational system." William H. Maxwell, Superintendent of Schools, New York City: "The kinder garten has long since passed the experi mental stage. It has demonstrated its usefulness." Dr. William T. Harris, United States Commissioner of Educations "In my opinion the kindergarten should be a part of the public school system of every city in the United States." Henry' Sabln, ex-Superintendent of Schools, of Iowa: -"There is no longer any question as to the advisability of in troducing the kindergarten as a part of the public school system." And expres sions of the same kind could be quoted from School Superintendents and educat ors all over the country. The cost Is not great. Tho cost of equipment is about the same as in th first grade of the primary school for the same number of pupils. In St. Louis the average cost per pupil per year. Is $13 60; New York City, $13 00; Cleveland, O., $14. An editorial in The Oregonlan this week commented upon the great expense of the penitentiary of this state, and another referred to the epidemic of crime among the young boys and youths of this city. What the Kindergarten Association seeks to-do for this city is -to establish a means of prevention, not Teform. Kindergar tens, not prisons. This is true philanthropy, and common sense: "If the child Is saved to a good life there will be no grown man to pun ish." Every case of vagabondage has Its root In some neglected child. Is It not cheaper to establish kindergartens than to maintain courts, and build jails, work houses, and prisons? If we could get hold of the children early enough the need for these latter Institutions would disap pear. "The prevention of crime Is the duty of society." But has society the right to punish crime at one end, If it does nothing to prevent it at the other end? If the people of this city had even a faint conception of the depth of poverty, degradation and crime which exists In the North Third street district, and the Alblna district, where are located two of the present kindergartens, they would have a better realization of the need of these schools for little children and what they stand for; and we have no fear but that these schools would be so firmly es tablished throughout this city that noth ing would ever be allowed to interfere with their existence again. We again ajsk the people of this city to interest themselves in this cause at this time and to say whether we shall have public kindergartens in this city or not. ROSA F. BURRELL, President. MILTON W. SMITH, "Vice-President. CHARLES E. LADD, Treasurer. WILLIAM R. MACKENZIE, Secretary. WINSLOW N. AYER. H. C. CAMPBELL. JOSEPH R. WILSON. HELEN LADD CORBETT. CAROLINE A. LADD. MARGARET M. J. LEVENSON. FANNIE A. McKEE. VALENTINE PRICHARD. GUSSIE A. SICHEL. Officers and Board of Managers of the Portland Free Kindergarten Association. Recognition of Cantata Clarlc. Chicago Chronicle. The President's selection of Captain Charles Edgar Clark to represent the United States Navy at the coronation of King Edward VII is but the first step in the tardy bestowal of honors to which the brave commander of the Oregon is en titled. Will Mr. Roosevelt complete the work by according this officer the rank and emoluments that have long been due him, and to which others who served In the same episode of 1S2S have since suc ceeded? That Is, all save Captain Clark and his brother officer. Captain Cook, who commanded the foremost ship of the San tiago conflict. Social distinction and the pageantry of royal functions do not compensate men like Clark for the heroic, unselfish service rendered to his country in the hour of need. The Nation has other rewards which more befit the recipient and for which he labors with zeal and untiring de votion. To be chosen as one of the select few to manifest the country's respect for a foreign ruler Is an empty honor com pared with the substantial reward of ad vanced rank and pay, to which every such hero of the Nation Is entitled. . Mr. Roosevelt has taken one step in the right direction by conceding the right of this officer to represent the American people in an historic event, but before that date he should complete the honor by the bestowal of the rank of Rear-Admiral upon Captain Clark, and in Justice also, the same rank vpon Captain Cook, the two men of the fleet which Commodore Schley led who fought Cervera to the finish on that memorable July 3. Without this substantial recognition of the services of these two officers already too long delayed the President's latest sop to Captain Clark Is without the slight est element of Justice or reward for hon ors bravely won. Is Mr. Roosevelt blc Aoouzh to accord 1 these men this JustkeT SUBSIDIES INEFFECTIVE "WORKINGS OF EUROPEAN THE POLICY COUNTRIES. IN Growth of the Merchant Mnrlne Earope In Dnc to Other Causes. In Any candid man must admit that many causes tended to the commercial su premacy of England In the middle of the last century, and that this commercial supremacy Involved the supremacy of her merchant marine. When steam first came in to draw the ends of the earth nearer together, England at once took advantage of the quickened mode of tran sit. 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NenI de Laserve Imhaus, is the winner of the ?100 prize ottered by a New York paper last week. She is aged 4 years, and Is the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Edward Imhaus, of this city. The Uttle tot was born In Baker City. With blue eyea, golden hair, rosy cheeks and a eunny disposition, she Is certainly a beautiful child. On receipt of the notice that his baby had won the prize, Mr. Imhaus sent a telegram to the New York paper saying his daughter desired that half of the prize money be distributed anions the poor children of New York City. China and Australia; and with the Royal Mail Packet Company to Spain, the Ma deiras, the West Indies and Colon, con necting at the latter place (via Panama) with the Pacific Steam Navigation Com pany to Valparaiso. But England did not acquire ships for the mere purpose of hav ing them, nor. Indeed, for the primary purpose of fostering shipbuilding. With England it was, in those early days, a case of paying for steam communication and mall service or going without it. Ocean steam navigation was then an ex periment, and Great Britain's colonial re latloos made it a political necessity for her to try the experiment first. Her statesmen were forced to take the burden of risks which no private Individual could prudently bear. Her supplies of coal and Iron, her growing manufacturing inter ests, her imports of food and raw ma terials and export of finished products, all contributed to the development of her mer chant marine. The Interests of the mer chants of India, the manufacturers of Manchester, the colonists of Canada, as well as of the bankers of London, required that tho British merchant marine should continue with the new motlvo power, steam, to be as aowerful as it bad been with sail. What England's policy was earlier in the century, that has been the policy of amount, ace0rdlng to the published state Germany during the last 20 years. Ger- ment of the director-general of the lm. many has been every bit as envious as Mr. Albert Ballln. left no profit, owing to America of England's supremacy, ana. Uhe numerous requirements of tho contract like America, Germany has succeeded In as to the high class of vessels, speed, It obtalnlng a large share of the world's . Jncrary. etc. Among other successful un commerce. She has steadily followed in , subsidized lines may bo mentioned the England s footsteps, has acquired colo- I AtJantlc Transport line (controlled by noles. built up her commerce, and devel- I American capital, sailed under the British oped her Industries. But, In the matter flag), the Lcyland line, lately acquired of shipping, Germany has been wiser' by American capital reprcntped by Mr. than America. Her motto has been that J. Plerpont Morgan, and ihe Holland half a loaf is better than no bread; and I America line. The last of these, accord If. at first, she could not build her own I Ing to the report of the Commissioner of ships, she was willing to let England j Navigation, paid a dividend of 10 per cent build them and hnlf hrr nwn flni nvny I In (hi flennl imii- 1QG-1kV them. Thus, the Normannla, which npt so long ago held the record for speed across the Atlantic, and made the German flag known all over the United States, was built on tho Clyde. Many other German Ships have been and still are built in Brit ish yards. By pursuing this liberal pol icy uermany nas, after all, attained the very object for which America Is striving that Is, the building up of her own yards: for the last two ocean greyhounds, the Kaiser Wllhelm dcr Grosse and tho Deutschland. were both built on the Bal tic, In the yards of the Vulcan Shipbuild ing Company, at Stettin. The result of all this Is that German's steam merchant ma rine today Is second only to that of Eng land. The flourishing condition of the merchant marines of England and Germany Is at tributed by many people to the payments made by those countries for the transpor tation of malls, or as direct subsidies. United States. France. ' th ' "o in S p o TEAR, 3 3 . Eg Stj Sg - 2g p p? ? ?? 1893 6CO.&6 $ 64C.031 S55.T9S 1S91 SS7.7C6 711.442 E91.720 1S35 920.672 633,035 903,105 195 , 1.O0G.459 1,027.735 930.7S5 Average 1S37 .'. 1,105.423 1.2S0.063 SS4.916 57,500.000 19S L175.762 1,038,141 S72.617 annually. 1899 .-. 1,220,30!) 93,111 997.235 1890 .,..., ..,.,. .,j 1.454.9CC 1,269,660 1,052,193 1901 ." LTO4.156 1,250,000 L0SS.O3S These payments, in the case of England, amount to about $5,000,000 yearly, and are, with the exception of about $325,000 ad miralty subventions, for actual service rendered by the steamship companies as mall-carriers. The amounts paid, for in stance, to the Cunard and White Star lines for the British fiscal year 1001, ac cording to official figures, were: For Brit ish malls to New York, $550,553; for ad miralty subventions, $142,4031. e for a semlweekly service, a total of $693,936, and an average for 104 voyages of $6720 73 per voyage. The actual operating expenses of one of the large flrst-dass steamers of these companies, for the round trip, are about $75,000. This leaves a balance of more than $6S.000 to be earned in passage money (for the large trans-Atlantic liners. It must be remembered, carry very Jlttle freight). Moreover, the traveling season, when the companies can count on every berth being sold out, is very short, and even them a steamer has a full passenger list only In one direction, for the tide of travel In the Spring and Summer is most ly eastward, and in the Autumn west ward. But the liner under mall contract rniist, nevertheless, maintain dates throughout the year, even In the dullest A $100 BABY PRIZE Winter season, when passengers are few and rates are low. Thus these enforced Winter trips consume a good deal of the profits of the Summer, which would otherwise go to the credit of the steam er's account. On the other hand, a line not under a mall contract Is free to can cel a date which does not promise to -be lucrative, and take advantage of the dullness of trade to give steamers the necessary annual overhauling, or put them on a more lucrative route. A mall contract, then, is not an unmitigated blessing. Sncccmi of Unaulisidlzed Line. If subsidies were as bneficlal aa many assert they are. it would seem that sub sidized lines should be more successful than unsubBidizcd ones; but In England the progress of the latter compares fa vorably with the progress of the former. The Blbby line, unsubsldlzed, to Farther India, has successfully competed with the Peninsular & Oriental Company. In Germany, too, the Hamburg-American line successfully competed with the North German Lloyd for the flrst 0 years of lt! existence, without a cent of subsidy, and only recently entered Into a mall contract jointly with the North German Lloyd to East Asia. The Hamburg-American line's share of this contract, for the last busi ness year, amounted to only JS5.000. This The countries mentioned, England and 1 Germany, are these usually- cited by the ' American advocates of subsidies. But tht J country in which subsidies have been paid most freely is France. Mr. Bates, in his "American Marine," says: "The shipping protection given by the Republic of France, being general. Is the very best foreign example. If we need one,'' What is the example of France? Commencing In 1E61 with subsidies of 9,3O).000 francs, or Jl.860,000, the has Increased these pay ments frcm time to time until the total, according to the French budget for 1S0L Is 59.CW.000, for the current year (includ ing bounties on construction .and naviga tion and mall payments). For this vast sum of money France has now a steam merchant marine of only 1.065,025 tons not as large ns that of America. Experience of France. By the law of 181, which lasted for 10 years. France Initiated a policy of boun- Germany. cr" 2.tJ P 3 1.125.9521 Average Jl. i,zi.,thuvu.vw ior n"- 1.343.C57 tal services: 1.436.S39 1.549.961 L644.337 1.946.732 2,159.919 2,417i410 also special tariff ana rail-! road rates on building ma terial for ships, notcompotable Downing, Hopkins & Cos ESTABLISHED IS 03. WHEAT AND STOCK BROKERS Room 4, Ground Floor ties updn shipbuilding, and also upon nav igation in native and in foreign bottoms, In addition t6 the regular subventions for postal serviced, The Immediate effect of this law was an Increase In the number of ahJps sailing under the French flag, and r corresponding increase in the con struction and navigation bounties paid out by the Government. In 1SS9 the total had reached 17.000,000 annually, and has remained at that figure, or higher, ever since. This increase In tonnage, how ever, did not mean a corresponding in crease in French shipbuilding, for the French shipowners seem to have been able to buy foreign ships to better advantage, despite the bounty the native shipbuilder received, and despite the fact that the navigation bounty for native-built ships was twice as much as that for foreign onea Another noteworthy point is that, as the term of expiration of this law ap proached, the shipowners, uncertain whether the bounty would be continued, ceased increasing their fleet. They seemed, then, to regard the continued payment of the bounty as a sine qua non of the life of the French mercnant ma rine. The most ardent advocates of sub sidies in America always avowed that the payments proposed were only a temporary measure. By the law of 1893 France abolished the bounty on -boats of foreign build, but at the same time Increased the payments for construction and navigation of native bot toms, and also renewed the liberal postal contracts. Her steam tonnage then was S55.T9S; In 1901 It was 1.06S.O2S. During these nine "years the payments made un der the law mentioned averaged J7.WO.000 yearly. Almost coincident with the pas sage of this law was tho American act of 1S92 establishing the American line. The subjoined table of figures since that date may be Interesting. It is compiled from the annual report of the "United States Commissioner of Navigation, 1901, and Lloyd's Register. The tonnage given is gross, and includes -steamers exceeding 100 tons. The tonnage for the United States Includes lake and ocean steamers of the same capacity. Tho mall pay ments for the United States are for ths carriage of mail by United States steam ers to foreign countries only. (The steam tonnage of the United States registered for the foreign trade on June 30, 1901, was 429,722 tons.) . In the- table below, the most interesting column Is that referring to Sweden and Norway. This monarchy has a marine greater than that of France, but It pays only about $175,000 per annum for suD Bldles -and mall contracts, and part of this amount goes to foreign vessels not Includ ed In the tonnage given. Sweden and Norway have neither the colonies of Eng land, France or Germany, nor tho outly ing territory of the United States; their commerce, compared, with that of those countries Is small, but of the ships which entered Swedish and Norwegian ports In 1900 in the foreign trade, two-thirds were native bottoms. To sum up. In the two examples, most frequently cited by the advocates of sub sidles England and Germany other causes, more effective than subsidies, were at work to build up the marines of those countries, viz.. great natural advantage), native industry, foreign commerce and liberal navigation laws. Moreover, the lines subsidized by those countries have not prospered to any greater extent, for reasons shown, than lines which were un subsldlzed. In France, where heavy sub sidles have been paid for 40 years past, the merchant marine has for a long time practically stood still. The monarchy of Sweden and Norway, which grants sub sidies and mall contracts of only a trifling amount, owns a steam tonnage greater than that of France. In view of these facts, It does not seem that the examples of European countries may be taken as arguments in favor of a general subsidized merchant marine. "UNITED STATES IS, NOT ARE." Hosse Committee on Revision of Law So Decides. WASHINGTON. Jan. 14. (Chicago In ter Ocean.) The House committee on the revision of the laws, in the course of some tinkering with the statutes today, ran up against the time-worn proposition whether a singular or plural verb goes with the United States. There was much discussion among the members of the com mittee. The worshipers of the Constitution quot ing from that Instrument, had much the better of the argument, when It was sug gested that the committee consult any authority on the subject that could be found. Accordingly tho librarian of Con gress, the Supreme Court officials, and others were asked to throw light on the matter. The result showed that, while the Con stitution and nearly all the laws, docu ments and messages In the early days of the republic used the plural verb, the tendency had been steadily toward the singular form, while the last 15 or 20 years the latter had obtained almost ex clusively. The question was practically settled, however, as far as the commit tee was concerned, by the discovery of a pamphlet written by ex-Secretary of State John W. Foster, with the title "Are or Is?" In this pamphlet Mr. Foster traces the course of changing use of the words, and quotes from Hamilton. Webster. Ben ton, Motley, C. F. Adams, Jefferson, Marcy, Seward, Fish, Evarts, Blaine, Frellnghuysen. Bayard, Gresham and 01 ncy, who used It In the singular. Among the earlier Presidents only Jack son used the singular form, but in later years Lincoln and since the Civil Wat particularly Grant, Cleveland, Harrison nnd McKlnley had used It exclusively. Mr. Foster also quotes from decisions ot the Supreme Court, those of recent years Invariably using the singular verb In con nectlon with the United States. In no class of documents Is greater at tention paid to the language employed th.an Jn dIrat,nS treaties, and up to 130 the plural form was used. Since then, however, the singular had been adopted. I and Mr-. ?tcF. pol,t3 , tn5 ,"r8eaJ treaty of 1S32, the arbitration of 1S97, and the Hay-Pauncefote canal treaty as con spicuous examples of the usage. After reading the arguments and au thorities of Mr. Foster, the committee de cided that, legally at least, the United States "is." Babcoclc Felleirlnsr McKlnley. Kansas City Star. The significance of the Babcock Iron and steel bill Is not affected by the fact that there Is little chance for It becoming a law at this scfislen of Congress. The bill, coming as H does from a protection ist, Is the entering wedge of free trade. It marks the beginning of the end of the high tariff system. When Mr. Babcock at the last session proposed a measure to Great Britain and colonies. Sweden and Norway. SB. i3 o n Z2. 5.D o ST 9.544 (.334) 593.9361 m 9.S3S.353 10.23S.001 10.508.443 630.5S2( Average 5175.- 579.32310W annually, Average S5.O0O.O0O 773.667) Including some 10.7S9.446f 657,133 947,172 L117.384 payments to foreign vessels for postal ser vices, annually. 11.719.247 12,149,050 12,739,1591 1.183.233; J ijiQljOdU J, Chamber of Commerce put some trust-made steel products on the free list and to reduce duties on others he encountered bitter opposition from all the protected Interests. Their whole house of cards was jeopardized and threatened to come tumbling about their ears. In spite of this enormous pressure Mr. Babcock has now introduced a new bill similar to the old one. It Is carefully planned to give- the smallest possible of fense to the protected Interests. Never theless, it is a Republican recognition of the fact that the people are tiring of tax ing themselves to put money Into the pockets of ilr. Carnegie and Mr. J. P. Morgan. Mr. McKlnley recognized the drift of public opinion in his last speech in Buffalo the day before his assassina tion. The Babcock bill Is in line with the policy suggested In that address. Pro tection is stabbed in the house of its friend. SCHWAB'S IMPORTED GEMS Duty Not Paid and lie Had to Settle Bill. New York Times. Charles M. Schwab, president of the United States Steel Corporation, had at breakfast several months ago a guest who cost him 51250. The guest was H. C. Stuart, the secretary ot Collector of Cus toms BJdwell, who had called on Mr, Schwab to ask him about a little matter of $12,500 worth of diamonds that Mr. Schwab had purchased from a Pittsburg Importing house. It was learned through a special Treas ury Agent In Paris that the stones, which were three In number, had been purchased for "Mr. Schwab, and a3 no- record of their arrival In this country was noticed, the matter was looked up. It was learned from reliable sources that the stones had been brought in and delivered to Mr. Schwab. The matter was put In tne hands of Mr. Stuart, who had some dif ficulty In finding Mr. Schwab at home, and after several days' search located him while he was eating breakfast. Mr. Stuart was Invited In and made a guest. Mr. Schwab admitted he had the gems, but said tha't he had not Imported them himself, and had no idea that they had been smuggled In. The gems were taken before Collector Bldwell, who made a report on the inci dent, and returned the diamonds to Mr. Schwab on the payment of the 10 per cent ad valorem duty. The Treasury Depart ment filed tho report, and every one thought the master closed until some one told about It recently. Mr. Schwab could not be found to give hs version of the Incident. Reflections of a? Bachelor. Life 'Is a Joke as long as you are the joker. The Lord made good women to show us how different men are. Host men can stand success better than suc cess can stand them. The way a man parts his hair has a ftreat deal to do with whether a woman thinks he is a Kentleman or not. Most women's Idea of an Interesting man Is one who will Hatter them Into Insensibility or that they wouldn't like to have their daughters know. New York Press. WIHE CARDUi Regu&tes the menstrual flow cures leu corrhoca, falling of the womb and all the other ailments peculiar to women Buy a. 1 bottle from your druggist to-day. ME-N No Cure No Pay THE MODERN APPLIANCE. A poltl way to perfect manhood. Tb VACUUM TREATMENT cures ou without medicine ot all nervous or diseases of the senerativ or cans, such as lost manhood, exhaustive drains. xarlcocele, Impotency, etc. Men are quickly re stored to perfect health and strength. Writs 'or circulars. Correspondence confidential. THE HEALTH APPLIANCE CO.. room 47-4J Jaff Deposit bulldlnc. Kattle. Wash. TRAVELERS' GUIDE. O STRINGS TO OUR BOW "Yes, Blr! We have three routes East, and they're all good. 1. "Via Billings and the Burling ton Route. 2. Via St. Paul and the Burling ton Route. 3. Via Denver and the Burlington Route. " Which Is best? That depends. Take Xo. 1 If you want to save time; No. 2 if you want to ride on the "swellest" train on earth; No. 3 If you want to see the most mag nificent scenery on the globe. Call or write. TICKET OfflCEi Cor. Tf&ri and Stark Sta. ft. W. Festtr. Tiaktt Af tnt P. S. Did you hear that we had cut 35 minutes off, the time of the St. Paul-Chicago Limited? Leaves St. Paul 8:25 P. M.; arrives Chicago 9:20 A. M. Pacific Coast Steamship Co. Fr South-Eastern Alaska LEAVE SEATTLE: Steamships COTTAGE CITY. CITY OF SEATTLE or AL KI. 0 P. M., Jan. 5. 11. 13. 20. 2J, UO; Feb. 4. 14, 10, 19, 28. For San Francisco Steamers leave Seattle at 0 A. M. every fifth day. For 'further Information obtain folder. Right Is reserved to change steamers or sailing dates. AGENTSN. POSTON. 240 Washington St.. Portland: F. W. CARLETON, N. P. Dock. Ta coma; Ticket Office, 018 First ave.. Seattle, M. TALBOT. Comm'l Agt.; C. W. MILLER. Asst. Gen'l Agt., Ocean Dock, Seattle; GOODALL. PERKINS & CO., Gen'l Agts.. San Francisco. Salem, Independence, Atay torvallis and McMinnville. Steamer POMONA, for CorvaUls, leaves 6:45 A. M, Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, Steamer .VLTONA, for McMinnville. leavea T A. M. Monday, Wednesday and Friday, OREGON CITY TRANSPORTATION CO.. OQce and dock; foot Taylor sf. Phone 40. WSSm TRAVELERS' GUIDE. OUFGtW JHoi$r Line AMD THREE TRAINS DAILY FOR ALL POINTS EAST tTNIOJf DEPOT. Leave. Arrive. CHICAGO-PORTLAND SPECIAL. For the Eut via Hunt- Uston. a.oo A. M. Dally. 1:30 P.M. Daily. SPOKANE FLYXB. For JS?1" Washing. ton. TV alia. Valla, Lew istca. Coeur j'Alent and Gu Northers Points. I OilS P. M. 7.00 A. iL Daily. Daily. ATLANTIC EXPRESS. For the Etvl Haau tnrtoi. 8:00 P.M. Dally. 8:10 A. 2C Dally. OCEAX AD RIVER SCHEDULE. FOR BXS FKAJi CISCO. SS. Columbia Jan. 7. IT, T7. SS. Geo. W. Elder Jan. 2. 12. 22. eruu. ' Alnsworth Dock. S:0O P. 21. fcOOP. 2s FOR ASTORIA and ay points, connecting 8:00 P. M. 5:00 P.M. Dally ex. Sunday. Sat. 10 P. M. Daily, ex. Hun, with str. for Ilwaco and ortn ueacn. str. Has. alo. Ash-street Dock. FOR CORVALLI3 and 6:45 A. U. Mon., Wed.. Fri. 6:Q0 P.M. Tuea., Thurs.. Bat. way points, str. RUTH, Asn-street Dock. (Water permitting-.) FOR DAYTON. Orernn 7.00 A.M. Tues., Thurs., 3:00 p.JC. Mon., Wed,. FrU City and Yamhill Riv, er points, str. Elmore, Asn-mreeiUQClc (Water permitting.) sat. TICKET OFFICE. Third and Washlnrton. Telephone. Main 712. PORTLAND & ASIATIC STEAMSHIP CO. For Yokohama and Hone Konjr. calling- at Kobe, Nagasaki and Shanghai, taking frelsbt via connecting steamers for Manila, Port Ar thur and Vladlvostock. INDRAVELU SAILS JAN. 28. For'ratea and full Information call on or ad dress officials or agents of O. R. & N. Co, PAQT LiiUl VIA to PATTTTTto) uuin Depot Fifth and I Leave Arrive I Street. OVERLAND EX PRESS TRAINS, for Salem. Rose burs'. Ashland, Sac 8:30 P. M. 7:43 A. M. 8:30 A. M ra m e n to. Ugden, San Francisco. Mo kr:oo p. m. Jave. Los Angeles, El Paso. New Or leans and the East. At Woodb urn (dally except Sun day), morning train connects with train (or Mt. Ansel. Sll verton, Browns ville. Springfield, and Natron, and Albany Local for Mt. Ansel and Sll verton. Mbany passenger ... CorvaUls passenger. Sheridan passenger. 10:10 A. M. 5.50 P.M. 4:00 P. M. 7:30 A. M. 4:BOP. M. 118:25 A. M. Dally. 13ally except Sunday. Rebate tickets on aale between Portland, Sac ramento and San Francisco. Net rates $17 30 first class and $14 second class. Second class Includes sleeper: llrst class does not. Rates and tickets to Eastern points and Eu rope. Also JAPAN. CHINA. HONOLULU and AUSTRALIA. Can be obtained ,at Ticket Of fice. No. 234. cor. Washington and Third. YAMHILL DIVISION. Passenger Depot, foot of Jefferson street. Leave Portland dally 7:20 A. M.. 12:30, 1:55, 3:25, 4:40. G.25, 8:30 P. M. Dally except Sun day. 5-30. 0:40 A. M., 5:03. 11:30 P. M. Sun day only. 0 A. M. Arrive Portland dally, S:30, 10:50 A. M., 1:33, 3:10, 4:30. 0.15. 7:40. 10 P. M. Dally ex cept Sunday. 0:35. 0:30. 10:50 A. M.; except Monday. 12:40 A. M.: Sunday only, 10:05 A. M. Leae for Dallas dally except Sunday, 5:02 P. M. Arrive Portland 0:30 A. M. Passenger train leaves Dalian for Alrlle Mondays. Wednes days and Fridays at 3:50 P. M. Returns Tues days and Saturdays. Except Sunday. V. A. SCHILLING, City Tkt. Agt- R. B. MILLER. Gen. Frt. & Pass. Agt. TIME CARD OHRAINS PORTLAND Leaves. Arrlrea. Overland Express 2:00 P.M. 7:00 A. M, Twin City. St. Louis & . Kan. City Special 11:30 P.M. 7:43 P. at, Puget Sound Limited, for South Berd. Gray'a T " Harbor. Olympla. Ta- 1 ? coma and Seattle 8:35 A.M. 5:20 P.M. Two trains dally to Spokane, Butte, Helena, Minneapolis. St. Paul and the East. A. D. CHARLTON. Asit- General Pass. Agt.. 253 Morrison street. Portland. Or. Ticket Office 122 Third St Phone 6 LEAVE The Flyer, dally to andAT.Trvpi from Rt. Paul. Minna- lAVT V COO P. M. noolls. Duluth. Chicago T:00 No. 4 uu au wii- 1 1", fr i Through Palace and Tourist Sleepers; Dining and Buffet Smoklng-Ubrary Cars. JAPAN - AMERICAN LINE STEAMSHIP RIOJUN MARU For Japan. China and all Asiatic points will leave Seattle About January 28th. Astoria & Columbia River Railroad Co. Depot Fifth and I Street. LEAVES ARRIVE3 For Maygers, Rainier. Clatskanle. Westport. Clifton. Astoria, War renton, Flavel, Ham mond. Fort Stevens. Gearhart Pk.. Seaside. Astoria and Seashore Express. Dally. Astoria Express. Dally. 8:O0A. M. 11:10 A. M. 7:00 P. M. 0:40 P. M. Ticket office 255 Morrison st. and Union Depot. J C. MAYO. Gen. Pass. Agt.. Astoria. Or. WHITE COLLAR LINE STlt. TAJtioMA. DALLES ROUTE. Winter schedule Leaves foot Alder street every Monday. Wednesday and Friday morn ing. 7 A. M. Leaves The Dallea every Tuesday. Thursday and Saturday morning. 7 A. M. Stona at all way landings for both .freight and passengers. ASTORIA ROUTE. STR. BAILEY GATZERT (Alder-at. Dock.) Leaves Portland dally every mornlngr at 7 o'clock, except Sunday. Returning, leaves As iorla every night at 7 q'ejock, except Sunday. Oregon phono Main 351. Columbia phone SSL 0Mj& VCvWiXVi f AUNWT il 08CEH& SHASTA) !- z jgBgggrNORTHERwj